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Since the Iast papers the research has been continued at intervals through the nine years. Lome numerical errors on pp. 325 and 327 in the last paper have been detested by the author, but nothing which in the least decree alters the main results of that paper, viz., that the number of revolutions per second which a disc having a white sector w , and a black sector 360° — w , must make in order that the flicker may just vanish, under an illumination I, is given by an equation of the form n = a+b log w (360- w ), a being a constant, and b of the form c+d log I, where c and d are constants. If the disc is considered to be under unit illumination when lighted by a standard stearins candle, burning 8·273 grm. of stearins per hour, at a distance of 4 metres; that is, if I is taken to be 1 under these conditions, then, from the combination of the series of observations described in papers I and II, with man others made since, it follows that the numerical value of n is determined with a very fair decree of accuracy to within at most threes revolutions per second, and generally within one, from the equations n = 10·7+12·57 log I, for discs half white, half black, and n = -27·83+(8·57+20·79 log I) log w (360 - w ), when tbs angle of the white sector is w °.

In 1964 World Book wanted to be able to say that more than 1,000 maps being made for the encyclopedia were designed to be appropriate and useful for children between the ages of nine and fourteen. However, there was virtually no research on which such a program could be based. This paper briefly reviews research projects in this area started in 1964 by Field Enterprises Educational Corporation and continued through 1967. In summary, this work has provided two major things: 1) it has shown the inadequacy of existing research relating to children and their characteristics as map users, and of the theoretical framework in which the research has been done; and, 2) it has provided an approach to map design that consists essentially of matching an intellectual array of map use tasks to a visual array of graphic elements. (SBE)

Summary A short review is given of the history of soil surveys in South America. This is followed by a description of a soil survey of 13,000,000 hectares in the Llanos Orientales of Colombia. The experience obtained can be useful for an inventory of soil resources in South America. Conclusions are: 1. Photo-mosaics should form an essential part of the equipment. 2. The scale of the aerial photography should not be larger than 1 : 40,000. Surface features not visible on that scale can be mapped more cheaply by using small aircraft. 3. The inclusion of a geomorphologist in any project of large size is highly recommended. 4. The units on a general soil map, irrespective of the taxonomic units used in defining them, should be landscape-elements, and related to units of agricultural systems in use or to be introduced. 5. In recommending land use, a better understanding of the mentality of the rural communities in developing countries is needed to create the greatest impact on the existing agriculture.

ACHRANICH AND ARDTORNISH ACCOUNTS: SUMMARIES Notes to Achranich and Ardtornish accounts 1853-1874 (overleaf) General . Analysed from the ‘balance sheets’ (actually trading accounts) in Corson's ledgers (AP), made up annually to 31 December. All figures are to the nearest pound. Accounts are for Achranich alone from 1853 to 1859; in 1860 the account was for Achranich alone up to Whitsun, with the addition of Ardtornish after that date; and from 1861 to 1874 for the combined estate of Achranich–Ardtornish. Receipts: sheep and cattle . The figure covers beasts only; dairy products and meat are included under ‘sundries’. Payments: wages . Shepherds', manager's and farmservants' wages only; daylabourers' wages are included under ‘works’. Payments: works . Repairs and improvements of all kinds, including new construction; workmen's wages included. Trading surplus , deficit and balance. These figures are a summary of those under Receipts and Payments; the balance also represents the annual cash turnover of the estate. Valued rent . From the Valuation Rolls; it represents an interest charge of about 3 per cent on the value of the property. Adjusted surplus, deficit and balance . These are the trading figures with the incorporation of the Valued rent.

Summary Interpretation of aerial photographs is of great value in virtually all types of hydrologic studies. These investigations range in scope from rapid reconnaissance studies based only or largely upon aerial photographs to highly detailed studies that include field work. Single and stereoscopic pairs of vertical aerial photographs, oblique aerial photographs, aerial mosaics, index aerial mosaics, and single and stereoscopic ground photographs all are of value in some phases of hydrologic studies. Infrared film is superior to panchromatic film for certain purposes. Photogrammetric techniques for measuring vertical and horizontal distances on stereoscopic pairs of vertical aerial photographs have wide application in hydrologic studies. Remote-sensing techniques involving infrared imagery and microwave systems are of value in certain hydrologic studies, but much remains to be learned regarding their full value.

This chapter discusses paper-making in the 1860s. In 1861, Edmund H. Joynson, of St. Mary Cray, Kent, a paper-maker, patented an improvement to the wet-end of the machine, concerning the delivery of the stuff onto the wire, to make it even and regular across the width of the sheet. He maintained that the ordinary method of doing it, that is, allowing it to flow on over an apron at the breast-box, then leveling by vertical slices, was not very satisfactory. The paper was uneven and sometimes not very well put together, so he had the idea, which he carried into practice on his own machine, of putting a roller over the first few tube-rolls of the wire before the stuff had settled down. In 1869, William Frederick de la Rue, of Bunhill Row, London, invented a new way of making a dandy to give different types of watermark compared with those which had always been produced during the previous thirty years or so. Up to this time, the mark had been obtained in the paper by fixing to the wove surface of the dandy-roll letters or figures in wire, which were sewn or soldered onto the surface of the dandy. When the dandy-roll revolved on the stuff, the device pressed into the paper and made it slightly thinner at these places.

This chapter presents proceedings of an interview of Mao Tse-tung with three correspondents from the Central News Agency, the Sao Tang Pao, and the Hsin Min Pao. The interview presented in the chapter discusses questions on War of Resistance and importance of democracy in winning victory in the War of Resistance; the question on restricting alien parties; Communist Party's attitude to what has come to be known as friction; and possibility of a split between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.

The problem of the influence of the paper itself on bearings taken off maps or plans has been recently discussed by G. T. M. in this Review (iii, 22, 479). The following alternative method of solving the problem may be of interest; the same figure and symbols are used as in the article mentioned.