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Electronic navigational charts (ENCs) can be compiled using existing paper charts to improve their coverage of the world's oceans. However, in the process of assigning symbols on ENCs, in some cases the software uses the same symbol for different paper chart symbols. This could ultimately compromise maritime safety. Addressing this issue, this paper describes a methodology for developing a new tool that complements the efficient production of ENCs using paper charts. First, the ENC product was produced utilising CARIS S-57 Composer. After considering the difficulties in assigning symbols through the compilation process, a new web application named SYMO EXPERT was introduced. It was developed using Firebase Realtime Database and React app. A questionnaire was prepared to collect data about the time factor and accuracy of using SYMO EXPERT. Results showed that it supports the users in selecting relevant symbols efficiently with an accuracy of up to 98%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Science as a whole is organized into broad fields, and as a consequence, research, resources, students, etc., are also classified, assigned, or invited following a similar structure. Some fields have been established for centuries, and some others are just flourishing. Funding, staff, etc., to support fields are offered if there is some activity on it, commonly measured in terms of the number of published scientific papers. How to find them? There exist well-respected listings where scientific journals are ascribed to one or more knowledge fields. Such lists are human-made, but the complexity begins when a field covers more than one area of knowledge. How to discern if a particular paper is devoted to a field not considered in such lists? In this work, we propose a methodology able to classify the universe of papers into two classes; those belonging to the field of interest, and those that do not. This proposed procedure learns from the title and abstract of papers published in monothematic or "pure" journals. Provided that such journals exist, the procedure could be applied to any field of knowledge. We tested the process with Geographic Information Science. The field has contacts with Computer Science, Mathematics, Cartography, and others, a fact which makes the task very difficult. We also tested our procedure and analyzed its results with three different criteria, illustrating its power and capabilities. Interesting findings were found, where our proposed solution reached similar results as human taggers also similar results compared with state-of-the-art related work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This introduction to this special section, "Cities on Paper: On the Materiality of Paper in Urban Planning," explores the vital role played by paper documents in the practice of urban planning linked to the shaping of modern cities in Europe and the United States during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This introductory essay considers recent literature on the materiality of paper to show the significance of examining the visual and written information transcribed on its surface in concert with assessing how it has been assembled, organized, reproduced, circulated, distributed, and archived. By exploring such uses of paper documents in urban planning practices, such cartography, arboriculture, maintenance, and the production and dissemination of expert knowledge, the five essays in this section demonstrate the relevance of the material culture of paper within the municipal and national bureaucracies that spearheaded dramatic urbanization campaigns in modern cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Imago Mundi is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a cartography of the digital literacy academic field. Such cartography is comprised of two sections: a categorization of the field through literature review and analysis, and an exploration of its main issues through thematic and network analysis. On the one hand, five conceptual categories of digital literacies are found: functional, sociocultural, critical, transformative, and sociomaterial. On the other, main issues are described with 21 recurring themes of digital literacy and a few networks depicting its most salient matters of concern, concluding with an interpretation of these in the composition of 8 encompassing issue spaces: digital literacies conceptions and practices, digital literacy in education, access and digital divide, digital texts and literacy, websites and social networks, digital technologies at the workplace and healthcare, digital technologies users and uses, and information issues. Finally, a few paragraphs are dedicated to the limitations of categorizing and issue mapping.

Yves Simonin, a rather obscure professor of hydrography in Bayonne, submitted five scientific papers to the Paris Academy of Sciences between 1738 and 1740, which only survive in the original manuscript versions. The topics Simonin deals with in these texts are essentially three: the rectification of navigation charts of the Southern Sea, the shape of the Earth, and the heliocentric theory. Far from acknowledging Simonin's contribution to the ongoing academic debate as a valuable one, the institution systematically rejected his work. In this paper, I first provide a critical analysis of Simonin's manuscripts. As I argue, their originality lies in the adoption of the perspective of a practitioner of and expert in navigational techniques. I then investigate the reasons behind the Academy's negative reception of Simonin's papers, casting light on the expertise required to participate in academic debates in the mid‐18th century, and on the limits set by the institution to the possibility of external intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes smart cartography in the context of artificial intelligence as the starting point, analyzes the impact of space-time big data on cartography, points to three possible directions for the evolu‐ tion of the map, explains the connotation of smart cartography and its characteristics of crowd-sourced da‐ ta, user participation, model coupling and visual analysis, discusses in depth the explicit and implicit knowl‐ edge representation of smart cartography, proposes the idea of establishing a map knowledge graph, and outlines a platform development paradigm based on low-code technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cirques are often the most representative and numerous landforms in alpine glaciated watersheds. The readily mappable and measurable nature of cirques (especially aspects and floor elevations) may yield information about the climatic, geologic, and topographic conditions that created them. These ubiquitous landforms are the foci of an alpine glacial geomorphology exercise in an intermediate-level, university geomorphology course. The exercise involves a step-by-step approach using topographic maps and remotely sensed imagery to identify and map cirques, measure cirque aspects and floor elevations, and plot and analyze the resulting data. Students interpret their mapping and analysis results in the context of published literature, ultimately incorporating all into a research paper. Student comments and self-evaluations over time show that the exercise is an effective tool for learning glacial geomorphology, topographic map, and remotely sensed image analysis, data analysis, and report writing.

Cartography played a crucial role during the partitioning of Africa. Territorial boundaries were marked on maps by the colonial powers. However, in some cases, maps were not precise regarding the sites they referred to. Some colonial powers changed original maps by shifting their territorial limits, thus staking a claim to other powers' territories. In areas where territorial questions from maps had not been sufficiently addressed during the colonial period, the distorted maps became a primary source of border disputes in the post-colonial period. The paper is built on the premise that the cartographic foundation of the Malawi-Tanzania border is knotty. Consequently, Malawi and Tanzania inherited contradictory cartography, each state selecting maps that suits her interests to defend her sovereign limits. Indeed, this has stoked the dispute that has dawdled for decades since independence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantifying the impact of a scholarly paper is of great significance, yet the effect of geographical distance of cited papers has not been explored. In this paper, we examine 30,596 papers published in Physical Review C, and identify the relationship between citations and geographical distances between author affiliations. Subsequently, a relative citation weight is applied to assess the impact of a scholarly paper. A higher-order weighted quantum PageRank algorithm is also developed to address the behavior of multiple step citation flow. Capturing the citation dynamics with higher-order dependencies reveals the actual impact of papers, including necessary self-citations that are sometimes excluded in prior studies. Quantum PageRank is utilized in this paper to help differentiating nodes whose PageRank values are identical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arte, Individuo y Sociedad is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the literary productions of "Chico hard, ink and paper" and how the process of crossing, or transposition of languages, present in their narrative structures, configures the signature of their new writing project. Therefore, we opted for a comparative study that happens in three different fronts: in the first, by problematizing categories such as translation, signature and writing, we seek to map the categories of thought that give theoretical support to the aesthetic work undertaken by Chico Buarque. In the second, we aim to demonstrate how the narrative structure of the novel Budapest is constructed through a mirror metaphor, in which cinema presents itself as the double of literature. Finally, we question how Chico Buarque's narratives can be metonymy of a contemporary Brazilian literary cartography that is characterized mainly by the intense processes of crossing and breaking borders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is part of a research project, in which secondary teachers were invited to generate cartographies, and participate in conversations about the scenarios and where they learn and the movements they make, inside and outside school. They were also invited to think about what they valued of this performative act as a source of knowledge and experience. By generating cartographies, as a visual and textual epistemological and methodological move, we inquire those interstices, displacements, instable journeys, ways of knowing, assemblages and entanglement through which teachers explore and perform their nomadic learning paths. The main aim of this research process it is no longer about getting results but generating and putting into action concepts such as rhizome, intensity, affect, gesture, displacement, metaphor. Concepts that are helping us to think about how learning gets through teachers' movements and trajectories. Specifically, in this paper, we reflect on how nomadism localizes learning not as an outcome but as an activity staged within a processual, relational and performative ontology of becoming. In addition, we consider how all these processes affect us, as teachers and researchers.

In this study the prints were made on paper substrates, which were thought as map substrate alternatives, with 3 different surface properties at 1200 dpi by using the electrophotographic printing system. Color and gloss values of the samples were determined both before and after exposure to light for a period of 42 hours to determine the light fastness of the substrate and the print on it. The studies revealed that after the light fastness tests (i) the width of the color universe of the papers with matte surfaces is more than that of the papers with glossy surfaces, (ii) the loss of brightness of woodfree paper is higher than that of the other paper samples and (iii) the print chroma values obtained in woodfree paper is lower than those of the coated surfaces. Moreover, (iv) the delta E 00 {E_{00}} measurements revealed that all paper samples experienced different color losses in different colors, and the most significant differences in these color losses were in magenta and black. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In December 2020 the ICA joined the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) as an associate member. As a community composed of businesses, government agencies, universities, and research organizations that work with geospatial data, the OCG is a resource to which software developers who work with geospatial data turn for guidance and advice. As such, it provides the ICA with an opportunity to reach a group of people who might not have had prior experience or background in cartography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]