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The article discusses the highlights of the International Symposium on Fatty Acids held in Tunis, Tunisia from May 18 to 19, 2006. The symposium was a collaboration between the Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies (INSTM), the National Centre for Trainers' Training and Pedagogical Engineering, the Institute of Brain Chemistry and Human Nutrition (IBCHN), and the Mother and Child Foundation. Recent findings on health aspects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were tackled during the symposium.

The article presents a conference paper which was presented at a symposium on evidence-based medicine that was held at a 2010 meeting of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society. The paper discusses whether or not good outcomes research is better than personal experience and level V evidence in evidence based medical research that is concerned with orthopaedics and reports on guidelines which have been developed for evidence-based medical research related to orthopaedics.

The article presents a conference paper that was presented at a symposium on evidence-based medicine that was presented at a 2010 meeting of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society. The paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages that are associated with the use of level IV evidence in uncontrolled case series and the use of Level V evidence in educational articles that are concerned with orthopaedics.

The article presents a conference paper which was presented at an evidence-based medicine symposium that was presented at the summer meeting of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, which was held in National Harbor, Maryland on July 9, 2010. thee article discusses the need for evidence-based medicine and research which exists in the field of foot and ankle orthopaedics.

Information about several papers discussed at a symposium based on the paper session at the 2007 annual conference of the American Sociological Association is presented. It mentions the importance of the contribution of the Tibetan Buddhist on the concept of altruism in overcoming sociological problems. Among the sociologists featured in the symposium include Jessica Maguire, Jammie Price and Ross Koppel.

This paper considers the role of human security, a foreign policy paradigm that prioritizes the well-being of individuals over the sovereignty of states, in Canadian diplomacy. The development of human security as a theoretical approach to foreign policy is framed in terms of efforts to deal with humanitarian disasters in failed states following the end of the Cold War in 1991. Human security perspectives maintain that the international community has a responsibility to protect people endangered by failed states rather than simply a humanitarian impulse. Issues of poverty, public health and environmental instability are noted as threats to human safety that can be met through the human security framework.

A conference paper about the health benefits of essential fatty acids (EFAs) derived from fish oils is presented. British biochemist Hugh Sinclair had worked on to determine the essential nature of some unsaturated fatty acids for human health in the 1970s. The cellular effects, cardiovascular benefits, anti-inflammatory effects of fish oils polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are detailed. Information on the effects of omega-3 PUFAs on the nervous system, brain development and behaviour, and depression are provided.

A conference paper about the state of research literature that is concerned with foot and ankle orthopaedics is presented. It discusses research literature on orthopaedics and the levels of evidence related to clinical papers on orthopaedics, including those which are concerned with case control studies and retrospective case series.

With a fast-approaching post-Millennium Development Goal era, there is an urgent need to boost global investment in efforts to reduce child malnutrition. Critical to the management of moderate malnutrition, and therefore to the new Sustainable Development Goals, is addressing severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and moderate acute malnutrition (MAM). Despite the considerable difference in the approximate number of children affected by MAM (33 million) compared with SAM (19 million), there is currently no standardized approach to the management of MAM. In partnership with Valid International, the World Food Programme, and the Micronutrient Initiative, the International Atomic Energy Agency hosted the International Symposium on Understanding Moderate Malnutrition in Children for Effective Interventions in Vienna, Austria, 26-29 May 2014. This symposium focused on the management (prevention and treatment) of MAM in children. The symposium convened over 350 participants from 63 countries, the majority of whom represented governments responding to moderate malnutrition in their populations, nearly 70 national and international organizations from the United Nations and nongovernmental sectors, and universities from around the world, as well as donor governments and private-sector entities. The symposium was structured around nine sessions over a 3-day period, progressing from a global analysis of the scale of the problem to recent research findings relevant to designing effective interventions. This Supplement contains a series of papers that summarize the symposium sessions and other fundamental aspects important to improving the management of moderate malnutrition in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents summaries of the papers that were discussed at the "Protein Quality Workshop: Importance of Protein Quality in Prevention and Treatment of Child Malnutrition" held at the Tufts University/U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging in Boston Massachusetts from May 16-17, 2013. Topics include assessment of protein quality, dietary protein adequacy and utilization of proteins during pregnancy.

The article presents a conference paper which was offered to an evidence-based medicine symposium which was held at the summer meeting of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society which took place in National Harbor, Maryland on July 9, 2010. The paper is concerned with the ways that evidence-based medicine can shape orthopaedic practices and be applied to foot and ankle surgery.

Information about several papers discussed at a workshop on the interrelation of green jobs to occupational, public and environmental health held in the U.S. is presented. Topics include the need for green jobs community to understand the implications of global climate change, and the different factors to consider in advancing and implementing green chemistry. The workshop featured environmental health workers including Chip Hughes and David LeGrande.

Information about several papers discussed at the Seventh China-India-Russia Academic Trilateral Conference, held October 2007 in Moscow, Russia is presented. Topics include regional cooperation, regional economic development, globalization, international trade agreements, and the effect of academic studies on the foreign policies of Russia, China, and India.

Information about several papers discussed at the 15th British Orthodontic Conference on orthodontics held in Brighton, England on September 10-13, 2000 is presented. Topics include the award presentation for the alpha v-integrin in skeletal muscle myoblast cultures, a logical description on the diagnosis of facial pain, and the discussion on the management of face mask therapy. The conference featured several orthodontists including Frank Haines.

Information on several papers discussed at the symposium held in Washington, D.C. in August 1974 sponsored by the American Psychological Association on individual interaction in laboratory and field settings is presented. Topics include the behavioral interaction in leaderless groups composed of different sex composition in laboratory setting, and interaction differences in field setting. The symposium featured several writers including Elizabeth Aries, Philip Newman and David Tresemer.

A conference paper about a study on the composition of fatty acids in Tunisian wild Gilthead sea bream/Sparus aurata and Sea bass/Dicertrarchus labrax is presented. The study found a higher amount of fat in dorsal and ventral muscles of Gilthead sea bream compared to Sea bass. It is noted that there were more saturated fatty acids (SFA) and mono unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in Gilthead sea bream. Total omega 3 essential fatty acids (EFA) was also found higher in Gilthead sea bream.

The article presents information on the 26th Veterinary Dental Forum held in Seattle, Washington from November 8 to 11, 2012. The programs of the forum included lecture on exotic animal and equine dentistry, workshops and research paper presentation. The annual conference was co-sponsored by organizations including the Academy of Veterinary Dentistry (AVD), the American Veterinary Dental College (AVDC), and the American Veterinary Dental Society (AVDS).

The article presents information on a conference "24th Annual Veterinary Dental Forum," held on September 30, 2012 to October 30, 2012 in San Antonio, Texas. It informs that the event was sponsored by Academy of Veterinary Dentistry. It informs that several papers were presented on the topics including clinical reports, dental instruments and diagnostic procedures. It also includes several photographs of the event.

Information about several papers discussed at a symposium sponsored by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. The meeting tackled various issues concerning beryllium manufacturing, use, and exposures, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulation on beryllium, and the campaign of Brush Wellman toward the investigation of the risks of beryllium exposure. Backgrounds of these topics are offered.

Information about several papers discussed at the Second International Demotic Conference held at Leiden, Netherlands on September 19-21, 1984 on the aspects of demotic lexicography is presented. Topics include the analysis of the demotic transcription of Greek words, the use of articles and generic in demotic and examination of phrases which are used in dream interpretation. The conference featured several Egyptologists including F. de Cenival, J. H. Johnson and J. D. Ray.

Information about several papers discussed at the 2017 Computer and Information Technology (CIT) conference, held in New York on ways for making more optimum use of the nascent digital technologies. Topics discussed include effective use of software tools in collaborative learning, development of decision making skills, and others; impacts of virtual reality (VR) applications in educational programs; and problems associated with nonacademic use of digital devices in the classroom.

Information about several papers discussed at a symposium sponsored by the Sociological Practice section of the American Sociological Association (ASA) on the application of sociology to describe and address social problems resulting from forces of globalization is presented. Sociologists invited to present on their most recent work considered the complex processes and structural arrangements that influence daily life experiences in recognizing the consequences of globalization.

This article discusses economic conditions in Russia between the fall of the Soviet Union and electoral transition from President Vladimir Putin to Dimitry Medvedev. The economic stabilization of Russia during the reign of President Putin is framed in terms of its contrast with the economic instability of the 1990s. The economic and social indicators for Russia are compared with those of other former Soviet republics, and communist countries such as Cuba. The relationship between economic stability and effective government is described. Issues of personal safety, life expectancy, and wealth inequality in Russia between 1991 and 2007 are addressed.

The child poverty not an independent condition: it is intimately related to the ecology of the family. It elimination will involve the elimination poor maternal nutrition, low birthweight and its life long consequences in chronic ill health and poor learning. Maternal nutrition and health is a prime determinant of the future of the child and also of her own health, mental state and ability to manage child care. Maternal nutrition and health is also relevant to the future employment opportunities, health, skills and literacy and social behaviour of the new born. Poor maternal nutrition and adverse outcomes conspire to maintain the state of poverty. Children need to be empowered by knowledge. Nutrition, health and home economics should be introduced from pre-school to advanced levels in the school curriculum. It makes little sense to educate children with everything they need to know except how to take charge of their own health, reproductive capacity, cognitive development and that of their own children that they are likely bear. Today non-communicable diseases account for more deaths than all the HIV-AIDS, Malaria, and Tuberculosis combined. The Global forum for health predicts that the top three burdens of ill health world-wide will by 2020 be heart disease, perinatal conditions (adverse pregnancy outcomes) and mental ill-health. Unfavourable nutritional conditions contribute substantially to the cause of these three conditions and other non-communicable diseases. Yet children today grow up in ignorance of the science of nutrition and health and become leaders in industry and government with little understanding of nutritional science which could, if taught properly, lead to large scale reductions in chronic disorders, substantial cost savings in the health services and especially in the enhancement of population skills and prosperity. It is also evident that education alone will not suffice. The priority in human development is vested in the brain. Nutrition and food policies last century were based on protein and growth. This century they should be re-aligned to take the human priority of the brain nutrition into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to investigate biochemical differences between Octopus vulgaris caught off costal zone and from the deep-sea of the Golf of Gabès (South coast of Tunisia). In both fishing grounds, octopus total lipids constituted almost 1.5% of wet tissue showing no significant difference (p < 0.05). The percentage distribution of fatty acids was not significantly different, neither between males and females, nor between both areas. Polyunsaturated fatty acids constituted about 50 % of the total fatty acids. docosahexaenoic (DHA; C22:6 ω3), eicosapentaenoic (EPA; C20:5 ω3) and the arachidonic acids (C20:4) were the most important of this group with percentages of 25, 14 and 10% respectively. The saturated fraction constituted almost 30% of the total fatty acids. The most dominant saturated fatty acids were palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0), with 18% and 7% respectively. The monounsaturated content was found to contribute only 10% of the total fatty acids. most of the monounsaturated fat was present as oleic acid (C18:1) and palmitoleic acid (C16:1) with 2.5% and 1.5% respectively. The presence of arachidonic acid in substantial proportions with an omega 3 to omega 6 ratios of 3.9 to 1 is of special interest because of the role of cephalopods in the traditional mediterranean diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selected fish oils are the main industrial sources of PUFAs. However, this oil may be insufficient in the future to meet the expected growth in world demand for n-3 fatty acids (Tacon, 1995). Refined oils produced by marine microalgae represent potential sources of supplemental dietary fatty acids. This study examines the lipid and fatty acid composition of three microalgae that were isolated from the costal waters of Tunisia with particular interest on the variability of composition related to the cellular growth stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little tuna (Euthynnus alletteratus) is an important mediterranean commercial fish species. In this study, the lipids of tuna filet, head, viscera, liver, and gonads fished in Tunisian waters were examined in summer and winter. Total lipid content in most organs showed a significant variation due to seasonal change. The highest lipid content was found in head in little tuna fished in winter and summer (14.2%). The lowest levels were attributed to gonads (1.5%). The major fatty acids classes were polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) followed by saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The lowest percentage of (MUFA) was recorded in winter season (9.77%). In summer, the proportion of PUFA decreased while that of SFA increased. The major contributing factor to the seasonal change of PUFA was n-3 fatty acids especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA). The lowest levels of PUFA/SFA were registered in summer. Little tuna by-products are an adequate raw material for fish oil production and excellent sources of n-3 fatty acids, the highest levels of PUFA were found during winter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Total lipid and fatty acid composition was determined in the muscle and by-products (heads, shells and tails) of Penaeus kerathurus and Metapenaeus monoceros caught off the North and South coasts of Tunisia. Shrimp total lipid levels in by-products ranged between 2 to 3.15% (p < 0.05) and were higher than fat tissue levels in both groups. No significant difference was found between tissue and by-product lipid contents of M.monoceros from both regions. However, significantly higher lipid content was found in P.kerathurus from the South than the North area. The percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids were important in the tissues and by-products of both species from both regions. Thus, polyunsaturated fatty acids constitute the major fraction followed by saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated. The main fatty acids in both shrimp species muscle and by-products were C16:0, C20:5n-3, C22:6n-3, C18:1n-9, C18:0, C16:1, C20:4 and C18:1n-7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the highlights of the 11th European Veterinary Dental Congress held on October 1-2, 2002 in Granada, Spain. University professor and oral pathologist David Gardner delivered his keynote speech on a topic entitled "Odontological Tumors in Animals With an Emphasis on Dogs and Cats." Finnish Doctor Helene Kuntsi-Vaattovaara was given the European Veterinary Dental Award for her paper entitled "Results of Root Canal Treatment in Dogs: 127 Cases (1995-2000)."

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Efamol Ltd has been one of the leading fatty acid supplement manufacturers for some 30 years. It has a tradition of marketing science and research based products and with sales in more than 25 countries is one of the few international companies in this field. The market for omega-3 products, fuelled by a succession of positive reports in the media, is currently undergoing a period of significant growth. Recent estimates value the European market for omega-3 based supplements at over US$200 million and the global market at over US$700 million. Growth rates are estimated at 8% per annum with individual markets such as the UK showing growth significantly in excess of that figure. Dividing the marketing of omega-3 oils into either 'business to business' i.e predominantly as a bulk or raw material ingredient or 'business to consumer' i.e. as finished product there are some fundamental differences in the product propositions and key positioning criteria. In both cases however, somewhat surprisingly, the source of the oil is not important, whether it comes from tuna or bonito, menhaden or mackerel does not really matter and usually is not even disclosed. As a raw material of primary importance is the fatty acid composition specifically in terms of EPA and DHA and a number of fish oil 'categories' have been created and defined by the relative contents of these two fatty acids, e.g: 18:12 (18% EPA 12% DHA), 5:25, 30:20, 50:10, or 60% or 70% total n-3 Producers of oils falling outside these fairly tightly defined categories will find it difficult to sell their product. Along with fatty acid composition, quality is a key factor. Not only must the oils be fully refined by conventional, molecular or chromatographic techniques but accompanying analysis and documentation must be comprehensive. Customers increasingly rely on manufacturers for their own quality control. The consumer marketing of omega-3 products falls into two sectors: • 'functional' foods • nutritional supplements Of these the latter currently represents the significantly greater of the two. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing evidence suggests that dietary deficiencies of omega-3 fatty acids can contribute to many common disorders of behaviour and learning, including Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), dyslexia, dyspraxia and autism. The highly unsaturated omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oils (EPA and DHA) are absolutely essential for brain development and function, but are often lacking from modern diets. Omega-3 deficiencies are already linked with a wide range of physical and mental health problems in adults, including cardiovascular disease, various inflammatory disorders and depression. Many features of childhood behavioural and learning disorders are consistent with omega-3 deficiencies, and direct evidence from blood biochemical studies supports this proposal. Randomised controlled treatment trials have now shown that dietary supplementation with omega-3 from fish oils can improve attention and concentration, reduce disruptive behaviour and boost reading and spelling progress in children with behavioural and learning difficulties. Studies are now investigating whether omega-3's may have similar benefits for the general school population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fish is a valuable source of a large variety of nutrients, including high-quality protein, essential fatty acids, vitamins, minerals and trace elements. Fish has an excellent nutrient density. A lot of attention nowadays is given to the nutritional significance of the fatty acids from fish, in particular, the omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids EPA and DHA. These fatty acids have been implicated in a range of effects, including cardio-vascular benefits, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects, and anti-cancer effects, particularly in the colon. In Seafoodplus, an EU Integrated Project covering research over the whole food chain (with pillars on aquaculture, processing and new product development, food safety, consumer behaviour, and health and well-being and a horizontal activity on traceability), nutrition research is being performed within three large projects called: Young, FishGastro and Metaheart. Seafood plus started in 2004 and some results are already available from the Young and Metaheart study. The Young study includes a multi centre trial on weight loss, to investigate the potential beneficial metabolic benefits of fish protein and omega-3 fatty acids from fish. The first results of the Young study indicate that fish consumption helps young overweight people to lose weight while protecting lean body mass. The effects were associated with improvement of the blood lipid profile and insulin and glucose levels. The Metaheart study includes a large intervention study that was performed on the effects of omega-3 fatty acids from fish in capsules on arrhythmia. No significant effects of omega- 3 fatty acids could be detected in patients with arrhythmia, neither on spontaneous PVC's (premature ventricular contractions) nor on changes in the ECG. This could imply that these markers are not sufficiently sensitive or specific to detect the beneficial effects of fish oil on the heart. Further analysis of the data revealed a decrease in the heart rate of the patients supplemented with the omega-3 fatty acids. This effect was considered as favourable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An epidemiological survey of 65 rural counties (6500 subjects) in China showed that fish consumption correlated significantly with the levels of omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in red blood cells (RBC) (r=0.640, P<0.001), selenium (r-0.467, P<0.001) and glutathione peroxidase (r=0.333, P<0.01) in plasma. A strong inverse correlation between DHA in RBC and cardiovascular disease (CVD) was found. The strongest correlation was the combination of DHA and oleic acid. RBC DHA itself also correlated negatively and significantly with most chronic diseases and appeared to be more protective than other omega-3 fatty acids. In a follow-up study, three regions (coastal, fresh-water and inland) were selected to examine the effects of contrasting diets in pregnancy and lactation. The plasma choline phosphoglyceride (CPG) DHA was not significantly different in the coastal and fresh-water areas but both were greater than found inland. A similar difference was found in the colostrum. These results demonstrate (i) Consumption of fresh-water fish has nearly the same effects on blood and colostrum omega-3 status as consumption of marine foods (ii) The lower DHA level of inland pregnant women is consistent with the higher incidence of CVD and other chronic diseases found in the 65 counties study in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]