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Posljednjih desetljeća koncept privrženosti mjestu privlači znatnu pozornost znanstvenika koji se bave transformacijama prostora, bilo da se fokus tematski usmjerava prema modernizacijskim, globalizacijskom ili tranzicijskom kontekstu. U ovom radu cilj je stoga razmotriti načine kojima je ovaj koncept istraživan u Republici Hrvatskoj te zaključke koji se iz toga mogu izvući. Na temelju pregleda relevantne literature u radu se osobito obrađuju tri teme. Prvo, tumače se nalazi istraživanja koja su se bavila procjenjivanjem važnosti koju građani Hrvatske pridaju različitim razinama teritorijalnih pripadnosti. Tako se dobiva uvid o privrženosti stanovnika Hrvatske lokalnoj razini u odnosu na nacionalnu i nadnacionalnu razinu. Iznose se rezultati istraživanja koji upućuju na različite implikacije pripadnosti lokalnoj sredini u različitim hrvatskim regijama kao i istraživanja koje upućuje na značajan udio ispitanika koji iskazuju deangažiranu privrženost kao oblik teritorijalnog identiteta. Drugo, razmatraju se različiti faktori za koje se pokazalo da utječu na iskazivanje privrženosti mjestu. Pritom se uočavaju određene razlike između emocionalne i funkcionalne privrženosti mjestu te se osobito tematizira koncept zavičajnoga grada. Treće, raspravlja se o odnosu između migracija i privrženosti mjestu te o konceptu višestrukih pripadnosti. Navedene teme istraživane su s jedne strane na populaciji mladih te s druge strane na primjerima sekundarnog stanovanja. Na temelju iznesenih nalaza donose se četiri zaključka prema kojima je u Hrvatskoj prisutna prilična izraženost emocionalne privrženosti mjestu, ali i da je emocionalna pripadnost redovito praćena određenim nezadovoljstvom stanjem u lokalnoj sredini ili bojazni što nosi budućnost. Također, postoje nalazi koji upućuju na manifestiranje višestrukih pripadnosti dok formirane tipologije privrženosti mjestu i teritorijalnih identiteta upućuju na različite dosege i značenja koja se pridaju konceptu na lokalnim razinama. Prikazani rezultati trebali bi značajno pridonijeti razumijevanju društvenog i identitetskog značaja mjesta, ali i omogućiti bolje sagledavanje društvenih transformacija kroz koje je prošla Republika Hrvatska u postkomunističkom razdoblju., In recent decades, the concept of place attachment has attracted considerable attention from scientists who deal with spatial transformations, with the thematic focus on modernization, globalization, or transition. This paper, therefore, aims to examine how this concept has been researched in the Republic of Croatia and what conclusions can be drawn from it. Based on the review of relevant literature, the paper deals with three topics in particular. Firstly, the findings of research that assessed the importance that Croatian citizens attach to different levels of territorial belonging are interpreted. This way, an insight is gained into the Croatian citizens' commitment to the local level compared to the national and supranational level. The results of a study that indicate different implications of belonging to the local environment in different Croatian regions are presented, as well as of research that shows there is a significant share of respondents who express disengaged attachment as a form of territorial identity. Secondly, various factors that have been proven to influence the expression of place attachment are considered. At the same time, certain differences between emotional and functional place attachment are found, and the concept of the hometown is discussed in detail. Finally, the relationship between migration, place attachment and the concept of multiple belongings is discussed. These topics were researched on the one hand, on youth populations, and on the other hand, on the examples of second homes. Based on the presented findings, four conclusions are made, according to which emotional place attachment is considerably expressed in Croatia, but also that emotional belonging is usually accompanied by a certain degree of dissatisfaction with the local environment or fear of the future. Furthermore, some findings indicate the manifestation of multiple belongings, while the formed typologies of place attachment and territorial identities indicate different scopes and meanings that are attached to the concept at the local level. It is believed that the presented results significantly contribute to the understanding of the social and identity significance of a place and also enable a better understanding of the social transformations that the Republic of Croatia went through in the post-communist period.

Donošenjem Kurikuluma za nastavni predmet Geografija za osnovne škole i gimnazije u Republici Hrvatskoj (NN 7/2019) osuvremenjeni su nastavni sadržaji te je omogućen drugačiji pristup učenju i poučavanju geografije. Pritom se izdvaja primjena istraživačkih metoda i izrada istraživačkog rada. Iako se šk. god. 2019./2020. i 2020./2021. nastava geografije u trećim i četvrtim razredima i dalje izvodila prema starom nastavnom programu iz 1993. godine, učenici Gimnazije Antuna Gustava Matoša u Samoboru ostvarili su ishode GEO SŠ B.3.1. / B.4.1. iz novoga kurikuluma čija se implementacija previđa u tom obrazovnom ciklusu. U okviru navedenih ishoda, učenik provodi geografsko istraživanje povezano s odgojno-obrazovnim sadržajima i predstavlja rezultate istraživačkoga rada. U svrhu kontinuiranog praćenja napretka učenika, ali i kvalitete nastave geografije, analizirani su radovi učenika upisanih u gimnaziju šk. god. 2017./2018., nastali tijekom njihova pohađanja trećeg i četvrtog razreda. S tim je ciljem osmišljena matrica za vrednovanje istraživačkog rada. Analizi je podvrgnuto ukupno 56 radova, od čega podjednako iz šk. god. 2019./2020. (3. razred) i šk. god. 2020./2021. (4. razred). Kvalitativna analiza sadržaja učeničkih radova provedena je pomoću programskog paketa MAXQDA. Pritom su izdvojeni konkretni primjeri ostvarenosti ili neostvarenosti ishoda. Kao najučestaliji problemi, s obzirom na sadržaj ishoda, valja izdvojiti pravilno citiranje i na- vođenje literature i izvora, zatim obradu podataka i njihovo prikazivanje te na kraju način prikupljanja podataka. Naime, uglavnom se preuzimaju objavljeni grafički i kartografski prilozi, a prikupljanje podataka u pravilu uključuje pretraživanje interneta te korištenje prvih rezultata pretrage., With the adoption of the new curriculum for the subject of Geography for primary and grammar schools in the Republic of Croatia (OG 7/2019), the teaching content was modernized and different approaches to learning and teaching geography were provided. The application of research methods and the preparation of research papers should be emphasized. Although the teaching of geography in the school years 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 in year 3 and 4 was still carried out according to the old curriculum from 1993, the students of Antun Gustav Matoš Grammar School in Samobor achieved the outcomes of GEO SŠ B.3.1./B.4.1. from the new curriculum, whose implementation is expected in this educational cycle. Within the stated outcomes, a student conducts geographical research related to the educational content and presents the results of the research work. In order to continuously monitor the progress of students, but also the quality of geography teaching, the work of grammar school students produced during their attendance in year 3 and 4 was analysed. For this purpose, a research paper assessment matrix was designed. A total of 56 papers were subjected to analysis, of which also from the school year 2019/2020 (year 3) and school year 2020/2021 (year 4). Qualitative analysis of the content of student papers was conducted using the MAXQDA software package. Specific examples of outcomes that were achieved or not were singled out. The most common problems to be highlighted when considering the content of the outcomes are the correct citation and quoting of literature and sources, then the processing of the data and their presentation, and finally the methods of data collection. Indeed, in most cases, already published graphical and cartographic appendices were downloaded, and data collection usually involved searching the Internet and using the first search results.

In this paper the objective and subjective measures (objective and subjective indicators) of the concept of quality of life research have been discussed. Since the measures are specific, the most part of the paper discusses separately their development and their methodological specifics. At the end of the paper the value of their joint use in the research has been emphasised. Both kinds of measures have their advantages and disadvantages, but in conceptual sense they are complementary. The quality of life is a complicated and multileveled construct which requires complex research approaches. Research has proved that parallel use of both kinds of indicators significantly improves comprehension of the quality of life of inhabitants of a certain geographical area.

Rad donosi uvid u kvalitetu života na razini stambenih naselja u europskim zemljama. Pri tome se stanovanje i zadovoljstvo stanovanjem u stambenim naseljima te okolnom prostoru i susjedstvu razmatra kao važna dimenzija kompleksnoga istraživačkog koncepta kvalitete života. Analiza kvalitete stanovanja donosi zanimljivu razdiobu na tzv. dvije Europe ili dva tipa stambenih naselja. U vrijeme planiranja i izgradnje zajednička im je bila ideja oblikovanja modernih i funkcionalnih, mješovitih naselja koja će riješiti stambeno pitanje većine stanovnika, odnosno različitih društvenih slojeva. Ipak, prvi tip naselja obilježava društveno-povijesni kontekst Zapadne, a drugi Istočne Europe ili, prema nekim autorima, razlike u kvaliteti stanovanja između „kapitalističkog“ i „socijalističkog grada“. Upravo se iz te perspektive čini korisnom analiza kvalitete života i mogućnost obnove sada već ostarjelih i depriviranih naselja izgrađenih nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata u oba tipa grada. Podjednako onih u Zapadnoj Europi, koje nerijetko obilježava značajno lošiji imidž i veći broj socioekonomskih problema (kriminal, segregacija, propadanje i dr.) kao i naselja u postsocijalističkoj Europi u kojoj su velika stambena naselja iz socijalističkog razdoblja još uvijek poželjna stambena opcija, ali također sa sve češćom pojavom problema vezanih uz održavanje i brigu o zgradama i izgrađenoj okolini (zajedničkim i javnim prostorima). Posljednjih desetljeća sve češće u oba tipa naselja dolazi do iseljavanja srednjih i viših slojeva stanovnika što postupno dovodi do segregacije, ali i propadanja u socijalnom i fizičkom smislu. Navedeni negativni aspekti kvalitete stanovanja zahtijevaju donošenje nacionalnih stambenih strategija i programa obnove koji u zapadnoeuropskim zemljama postoje i provode se, a u većini postsocijalističkih zemalja ne postoje, u čemu Hrvatska nije iznimka. Obnova stambenih naselja neizostavan je dio stambene politike svake zemlje kojim se može ublažiti ili spriječiti daljnje opadanje kvalitete života stanovnika tih naselja., This paper provides a clear insight into the quality of life on the level of housing estates in European countries. In doing so, the questions of housing and satisfaction with the housing situation in the estates as well as with surrounding areas and the neighbourhood, in general, is being considered as an important dimension of a complex research concept called the quality of life. In analysing the quality of housing, we inevitably encounter an interesting division into the so-called two different versions of Europe or two types of housing estates. In the phase of planning and constructing, they shared a common idea of designing modern and functional, mixed estates that would solve the housing question of most residents, i.e. of different social classes. However, the first type is marked by the socio-historical context of Western Europe, and the second by Eastern Europe, or as some authors like to frame it, the differences in housing quality between ‘capitalist’ and ‘socialist’ cities. From that perspective specifically, it seems useful to analyse the quality of life and the possibility of renewing both types of housing estates, by now deprived and decrepit, built after the Second World War in both types of cities. This applies equally to those in Western Europe, often marked by a significantly worse image and higher levels of socioeconomic problems (crime, segregation, deterioration and other), as well as the estates in post-socialist Europe, where large housing estates built during the socialist period remain a desirable housing option, but that are increasingly facing problems related to maintenance and upkeep of buildings and built environments (both public and communal spaces). In the last decades, in both types of estates there has been an increasing depopulation of middle and higher classes of residents, which progressively causes segregation but also deterioration in the social and physical sense. All the mentioned negative aspects of the housing quality require adopting national housing strategies and renewal programs which exist and are implemented in Western European countries, while they do not exist in most post-socialist countries, and Croatia is not an exception. Housing estates renewal should be an essential part of every country’s housing policy, aimed at alleviating or preventing further degradation of the quality of life for housing estate residents.

U radu se analiziraju promjene u ukupnom kretanju broja stanovnika u naseljima Grada Knina u posljednja dva međupopisna razdoblja (1991. – 2001., 2001. – 2011.) te promjene u narodnosnoj strukturi stanovništva. Budući da je rat prouzročio prisilne migracije koje su odredile demografske procese na tom području, posebna pažnja pridaje se proučavanju migracijskih obilježja stanovništva. Rezultati analize pokazuju da su se najveće promjene u demografskoj slici toga područja dogodile u međupopisnom razdoblju 1991. – 2001. Obje komponente (prirodno i mehaničko kretanje) koje su bile negativne dovele su do znatnog pada broja stanovnika te do izrazitog smanjivanja autohtonog stanovništva. Posljedica toga je promjena narodnosne strukture. Predratno srpsko stanovništvo smanjeno je za više od tri četvrtine, a doseljavanje stanovništva iz ostalih dijelova Hrvatske te iz Bosne i Hercegovine dovelo je do prevage Hrvata. Unatoč pozitivnom migracijskom saldu u posljednjem međupopisnom razdoblju, u većini naselja, koje obuhvaća ovo istraživanje, nepovoljni demografski procesi, okarakterizirani negativnom prirodnom promjenom te demografskim starenjem stanovništva, upućuju na nastavak depopulacije koja će u nekim naseljima dovesti do demografskog izumiranja., The purpose of this paper is to analyze changes in the total population change in the settlements of the Town of Knin in the last two intercensal periods (1991-2001, 2001-2011), as well as the changes in the ethnic composition. As the war caused forced migrations which largely determined demographic processes in this region, a special attention in this research was given to the migration features of the population. The results of this research indicate that the greatest changes occurred in the 1991-2001 intercensal period. Both components of growth (natural increase and migration) were negative and caused a significant decrease of the indigenous population. This transformed the ethnic structure of the region; pre-war Serb population decreased by more than three quarters, while the influx of people from other parts of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina resulted in the predominance of the Croat population. Although the region experienced a positive net migration in the last intercensal period, unfavourable demographic processes characterized by negative natural population change and demographic ageing occurred in most settlements included in this research. This suggests that the region is likely to continue experiencing depopulation, which will cause the extinction of population in some settlements.

The aim of this paper is to present the development of the low-cost air transportation in Croatia and the position of Croatian airports in the low-cost carrier network of Europe. The data on the frequency of the lines between specific airports and the European airports were analyzed based on the data gathered from the flight schedule. Trend of development was analysed based on the data from 2006, 2008 and 2010. In the last four years there has been a significant rise in the number of connections, still seasonal changes in the frequencies of flights can be noticed.

U radu se prikazuje određivanje elektroenergetskoga lokalnog ugljikovog otiska na otocima Cresu i Lošinju (sjeverni Jadran, Republika Hrvatska). U radu je u obliku studije slučaja izdvojeno lokalno alocirano, ali globalno prisutno, opterećenje okoliša emisijom CO2 u atmosferu kao posljedica proizvodnje električne energije. Unutar opterećenja okoliša izdvojeni su otisci rezidentnog stanovništva i turizmom generiranog otiska na otocima. Hipoteza na kojoj se zasniva rad tvrdi kako je lokalni elektroenergetski ugljikov otisak dominantno pod utjecajem turizma i pokazuje godišnje oscilacije usko vezane uz broj turista na otocima. Doprinos rada na teoretskoj razini je aktualizacija izdvajanja parcijalnih turističkih otisaka, dok je na aplikativnoj razini doprinos rada vidljiv u izračunu otisaka kao podloge za artikuliranje održivih razvojnih strategija i prostornih planova utemeljenih na stvarnim utjecajima ljudskog djelovanja na okoliš. Ukupan cilj rada je doprinos revitalizaciji i održivom razvoju otoka kao visokovrijednih prirodno očuvanih prostora., The paper presents valuation of the local electro-energetic carbon footprint on the islands of Cres and Lošinj (The Northern Adriatic, Republic of Croatia). In the form of a case study the article isolates the locally allocated but globally present environmental burden caused by CO2 emission into the atmosphere as the result of electrical energy production. Within the environmental burden, the residents’ footprint and the footprint generated by tourism have been isolated. The hypothesis the article is based on presumes that the local electro-energetic carbon footprint is dominantly under the influence of tourism and shows annual oscillations closely related to the number of tourists on the islands. The article's contribution on theoretical level is the actualization of partial tourist footprints isolation, while on applicative level its contribution is in footprint calculations as a foundation for articulation of sustainable development strategies and spatial planning based on the actual human influence on the environment. The overall aim of the work is to contribute to revitalization and sustainable development of the islands as exceptionally valuable naturally preserved areas.

On the example of the island of Zlarin, the authors investigate fundamental socio-geographic processes and the most important changes in the way of life of communities on small Croatian islands from 1970s until today. This paper presents a part of the results of a study conducted in February 2011 on Zlarin, within the framework of researching the quality of life of the population on the islands of Sibenik. It presents partial results of research on the quality of life of the population of Zlarin which was conducted using questionnaire and observation methods on a sample of 67 respondents. The results show that, due to their desire to assure the demographic survival of their community, Zlarin islanders are increasingly opening up towards foreigners – first of all to immigrants, and then to tourists, in whom they place their hopes for demographic and economic revitalisation. However, the islanders still show a strong sense of affiliation to their relatively homogeneous and intimate island community, to which they still have a strong sense of belonging.

The concept of spatial identity is a direct result of spatial perception, spatial conscience and identification with space, or rather an individual experience of a collective affiliation to a certain area or place. It is usually a consequence of a variety of historical-geographical, economic, natural and other factors, features and trends. All these factors create a unique collective experience of space in population that inhabits it. Considering the diversity of natural-geographic features and the turbulence of historical-geographic events, it can be assumed that within the territory of the Republic of Croatia there is a basis of development of a heterogenous network of spatial identities which manifests as an interrelation of their individual levels.The paper studies and analyzes spatial identification of Pag Island population and the one of the Southern parts of the Velebit Littoral. Due to the fact that the researched area is administratively divided by county borders and, through history, was often a bordering area, the goal is to determin the degree of individual levels of itentity (local, regional, national, etc.).

Ilovik Island (5.51 km2) along with adjacent Sv. Petar Islet (0.95 km2) are the most southern part of Cres-Lošinj archipelago, and due to their geographical position, they represent a bridge between the above-mentioned archipelago and northern islands of Zadar archipelago (Premuda, Silba, Olib, Škarda and Ist Islands). This paper was written as a result of several field researches and the analysis of different spatial data sources within the project titled Geographical Bases of the Development of Small Croatian Islands, and it presents basic natural and geographical features of Ilovik Island as well as possibilities for its future socio-economic development.

U članku su objavljeni rezultati mjerenja ukupne, kalcijeve i magnezijeve tvrdoće vode iz četiri spilje, jednog vrela i jedne ponornice na području Žumberačke gore u SZ Hrvatskoj. Tvrdoća vode mjera je intenziteta otapanja karbonatnih stijena, odnosno korozije. Osim toga može dati naznake smjerova dotjecanja vode jer voda koja pritječe s dolomita ima povišenu magnezijevu, a ona koja pritječe s vapnenca povišenu kalcijevu tvrdoću. Opisane su spilje u kojima su uzorci prikupljeni, njihove geološke, geomorfološke i hidrološke značajke., In the paper are published the results of deteremination of total, Calcium and Magnesium water hardness from four caves, one karst spring and one sinking creek in the area of Žumberačka Gora Mt. in NW Croatia. Water hardness is a measure of carbonate rocks dissolution and corrosion. Besides, it can give a hint of undergorund water courses since the stream that flows from dolomite has higher Magnesium content and one that flows from limestone has higher Calcium ions content. Geological, geomorphological and hydrological characteristics of all features from which water samples were taken are also described.

Članak daje pregled dijela speleoloških istraživanja na teritoriju Parka prirode "Žumberak-Samoborsko gorje". Uz pregled osnovnih značajki krškog reljefa i hidrografije, obrađene su značajke 51 speleološke pojave (spilje i jame). Prema nagibu kanal određene su vrste speleoloških pojava, zatim morfološki tipovi, analizirane dimenzije (duljina i dubina), hidrološke značajke, hidrogeološka uloga, vrste sedimenata, te utjecaj geološke građe terena na značajke istraženih spilja i jama., The paper is the review of current speleological research in the area of "Žumberak-Samoborsko gorje" Nature Park in the NW Croatia. Besides main characteristics of karst morphology and hydrography the author analyses main characteristics of 51 speleological feature (caves and shafts). The author analyses the types of speleological features, morphological types, dimensions (length and depth), hydrological characteristics, hydrogeological role, the types of sediments and the influence of geological composition to the speleomorphology and speleogenesis.

In the paper the importance of Gradac as central place is analysed according to the central places’ theory. Using survey method, the system of central places in Upper littoral (especially the role of Gradac) has been defined. Special attention has been dedicated to the significance of the political territorial organisation for the development of the central places network.