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This paper aims to present cartographic rules for the production of paper and electronic navigational charts and main differences in compilation, visualisation and representation of nautical information. Major differences between paper nautical charts and ENC are visualisation of nautical data: colour mixing, resolution of represented nautical objects, human control of display representation and fonts and signatures and chart content are described. It is concluded that electronic navigational charts have many advantages and few shortcomings to paper navigational charts.

This paper addresses the problem of mapping land cover types in Senegal and recognition of vegetation systems in the Saloum River Delta on the satellite images. Multi-seasonal landscape dynamics were analyzed using Landsat 8-9 OLI/TIRS images from 2015 to 2023. Two image classification methods were compared, and their performance was evaluated in the GRASS GIS software (version 8.4.0, creator: GRASS Development Team, original location: Champaign, Illinois, USA, currently multinational project) by means of unsupervised classification using the k-means clustering algorithm and supervised classification using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm. The land cover types were identified using machine learning (ML)-based analysis of the spectral reflectance of the multispectral images. The results based on the processed multispectral images indicated a decrease in savannas, an increase in croplands and agricultural lands, a decline in forests, and changes to coastal wetlands, including mangroves with high biodiversity. The practical aim is to describe a novel method of creating land cover maps using RS data for each class and to improve accuracy. We accomplish this by calculating the areas occupied by 10 land cover classes within the target area for six consecutive years. Our results indicate that, in comparing the performance of the algorithms, the SVM classification approach increased the accuracy, with 98% of pixels being stable, which shows qualitative improvements in image classification. This paper contributes to the natural resource management and environmental monitoring of Senegal, West Africa, through advanced cartographic methods applied to remote sensing of Earth observation data.

No abstract available.

Decades of decline, disinvestment, and racism have left Detroit with an abundance of abandoned buildings, ruins, vacant lots, and illicit trash dumps. Though these structures and materials might have forfeited their previous purposes, they can act as catalysts, substances, and co-creators of artworks. The paper is thus interested in examining the intricate interplay between art, space, and materiality in Detroit further. Drawing from the practices of local artists Olayami Dabls and Scott Hocking, the paper adopts a new materialist framework to investigate the dynamic agency of matter in the artistic process. By considering materials as active participants in the production of art and space, the paper seeks to add to the emerging interest in the emancipation and meaning making of material in art as well as cultural geography's engagements with new materialism.

Renewable energy infrastructures, such as wind and solar farms, require land on which they can be deployed. While politics and conflicts over accessing land for renewables are well documented, the role, conditions and potential agency of landownership have been often overlooked or oversimplified as a powerful terrain in the field of renewables development. In this paper, we explore the relationship between landed property and community renewable energy projects. In particular, we focus on how landed property variously influences the development modes of renewables by acting as a mediator, barrier and enabler for different types of wind energy projects. We show how this takes place through appropriation of rents in processes of assetisation and value grabbing by landowners. In this way, value grabbing acts as a vital intermediary process to understand green grabbing and wider processes of capital accumulation through renewables. We draw on insights from the Netherlands and Scotland to illuminate different mechanisms, social and historical conditions, and policies through which landed property constrains or enables community wind energy projects. The paper finishes by sketching out some alternative ways of allocating land for the deployment of renewable energy projects, which could help shift the balance of power in favour of community energy developments.

This paper draws on current discussions in digital geography that emphasize the political and theoretical role of glitches. While we sympathize with the basic assumptions of this discussion and also find it helpful to connect these to older discussions around digital infrastructures, we propose an opposing perspective with this text. Using the example of Internet infrastructures, we focus on the continuous and painstaking work of making infrastructures invisible and preventing glitches. We are particularly interested in the production of resilience and focus from a geographical perspective on the rationalities of redundancy and addressing latency.

„German Theory“ is a theory that has not yet been written, but could have been. „Theory“ is here understood as a “territory of thought” that transcends the boundaries of its origins, and travels to other sites. „French Theory“, for example, is the label for the travel of French poststructuralism to Anglophone humanities. In this sense, „German Theory“ does not exist (yet), but as this paper will argue, it exists as a potentiality that has not (yet) actualized. To show this potential, this paper turns to the work of Friedrich A. Kittler. To illustrate why Kittler did not become a cornerstone of „German Theory“, and to discuss how it could have been, this paper proceeds in two steps: first, it traces the recent history of the reception of Foucault in German language geography and the humanities. This analysis shows that Kittler and German language geography morphed Foucault's discourse theory into two distinct thought styles – the „discourse school“ in German language geography into a „textual“ one; Kittler into a „materialist“ one. This incompatibility of thought styles, this paper asserts, obstructed the travel of Kittler to Anglophone geography, although Kittler's notion of „materiality of communication“ resonates with the „material turn“ in Anglophone geography. Nor did the Foucault of the „discourse school“ travel to Anglophone geography. Kittler's „German Foucault“ travelled to Anglophone media studies as „German School“, though. In the last part of the paper, I ask the question how Kittler's „German Foucault“ could have travelled to (anglophone) geography and what could have been gained theoretically through this travel.

Urban political ecology (UPE) has recently turned its attention to the embodied dimension of human–nature relations. In particular, within urban hydrological systems across the globe, the need to consider the emotional and bodily ways in which we connect to the ecologies of the city has been acknowledged. This paper joins such efforts and explores the flood experiences of a diverse group of Bangkokians during the 2011 inundation by drawing on three interconnected concepts: materiality, affect and emotion. Together they help us explore the intense experiences of Bangkokians during the flood and serve as theoretical tools to unpack the uncanny encounters between Bangkokians and the materiality of the flood. Thus, the paper attends to the socio-material forces that shaped the flooding event and contributes nuanced insights about the embodied experiences of floods within the delta city.

The goal of this paper is to offer an account of an inter-lexical polysemy pattern connecting the three Italian prepositions per, tra and attraverso. It is shown via a corpus study that these prepositions can cover several related senses (i.e. they are polysemous), and that some of their senses overlap (i.e. inter-lexical polysemy is attested), thereby forming a clear-cut (lexical) contrast set. It is suggested that current theoretical proposals of polysemy cannot directly account for these data, and thus a new model must be introduced. The paper introduces such a model by combining generative (cartographic) syntactic insights with a Semantic Maps analysis. It is thus suggested that inter-lexical polysemy patterns arise because prepositions share syntactically equivalent structures, but partially different sense values are assigned to these structures. Therefore, these prepositions partition the semantic sub-space of ‘section’ spatial relations in only partially overlapping manners. Consequences for theories of polysemy and their connections to syntactic accounts of prepositions are discussed.

The metropolitan rootedness of urban studies has been under critique for more than 2 decades. The call for more studies from “elsewhere” and theorization from “outside” the North Atlantic circuits of knowledge production has changed the landscape of urban theory. However, the genius loci of this urban theory still lies in the metropolis (centre of power and knowledge). One key reason for this metropolitan locatedness is the lack of attention paid to geo- and bio-politics of knowledge which separates/excludes the ontological location of the researchers from research practice. This separation/exclusion allows a research practice wherein data are produced from the field, theorization happens elsewhere, and the researcher manages this process (as objectively as possible). This schema evades the locationality of research questions/concerns, as to where they come from, and how the ontological location of the researcher produces them. This paper discusses the need to recentre the researcher to evade what allegorically becomes “research without researchers”.

The governing of urban drug use and its economies represents a central aspect of urban governmentality and has played an important role in the production and control of public space in numerous cities of the Global North since the 1970s. Urban drug cultures are often the subject of moral panics and urban policing. At the same time, geographical engagement with the spatial dimensions and effects of governing urban drug cultures is surprisingly rare. Using the example of Görlitzer Park in Berlin's Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg district, this paper examines the spatializing discourses and practices of urban drug policies and shows how looking at the governing of illicit drugs provides a productive lens for analysing forms of urban exclusion, marginalization, and normalization. From a geographical perspective, it is particularly interesting to examine how this form of urban governance mobilizes spatial approaches and representations of space, i.e., how urban drug cultures are spatialized in multiple ways.

This paper discusses the opportunities and challenges of integrating science and technology studies (STS), especially the variant based on actor–network theory (ANT), into fields of human geography with a critical research tradition. Drawing on the experiences of political ecology and empirical research on carbon markets, it uses the example of reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) to show how the turn towards such STS impacts has changed the “framing” of REDD+: from analysing REDD+ as an example of the “neoliberalization of nature” and a focus on the impacts on human forest users to detailed accounts of infrastructures and practices of making markets. Discussing the consequences of these observations and different proposals brought forward to combine ANT with political ecology, the paper argues for a conscious and reflective use of ANT-inspired STS approaches to benefit from the additional insights this approach allows while keeping the critical potential of geography alive.

This paper offers a reflection on the theme of this special issue, how mapmakers deal with uncertainty, from a digital humanities perspective. For modern geohumanities scholars and digital mapmakers working in the field of history, dealing with the dual uncertainties of historical data and historical societies themselves can be a difficult task. How do they deal with these challenges? Do we use similar solutions to deal with uncertainty? Can we learn from the practices of early modern cartographers? And to what extent is (un)certainty itself a fruitful research topic in the geohumanities? To answer these questions, it is important to consider the historical development of the field of geohumanities and why it has learned to adapt to dealing with uncertain or ambiguous knowledge. Practical examples from my own research demonstrate how modern geohumanities scholars are affected by the notion of uncertainty in different ways. These examples are linked to the contributions and questions raised in this special issue. The engagement with early modern cartographers shows how important it is for geohumanities scholars not only to invest in geospatial analysis tasks, but also to become cartographers themselves.

This paper compares the ancient Mediterranean and Mesopotamian civilizations’ concept of borders and their relation with the spaces they transformed through a comparative approach of selected ancient civilizations, putting these cosmogonies into a chronological evolutionary line. The distinct motifs, symbols, and theological frameworks are examined through secondary sources. While each of these civilizations counts with individual studies, few serious attempts have been made to address these four civilizations together. The discussion aims to set the premises of the importance of borders in contemporary urban and territorial studies when religion often has a secondary role. While they were critical elements in the definition of territorial limits in the past, their inheritance is still present in our contemporary concept of borders as producers of fears.

No abstract available.

The halfway point for the implementation of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) was marked in 2023, as set forth in the 2030 Agenda. Geospatial technologies have proven indispensable in assessing and tracking fundamental components of each of the 17 SDGs, including climatological and ecological trends, and changes and humanitarian crises and socio-economic impacts. However, gaps remain in the capacity for geospatial and related digital technologies, like AI, to provide a deeper, more comprehensive understanding of the complex and multi-factorial challenges delineated in the SDGs. Lack of progress toward these goals, and the immense implementation challenges that remain, call for inclusive and holistic approaches, coupled with transformative uses of digital technologies. This paper reviews transdisciplinary, holistic, and participatory approaches to address gaps in ethics and diversity in geospatial and related technologies and to meet the pressing need for bottom-up, community-driven initiatives. Small-scale, community-based initiatives are known to have a systemic and aggregate effect toward macro-economic and global environmental goals. Cybernetic systems thinking approaches are the conceptual framework investigated in this study, as these approaches suggest that a decentralized, polycentric system—for example, each community acting as one node in a larger, global system—has the resilience and capacity to create and sustain positive change, even if it is counter to top-down decisions and mechanisms. Thus, this paper will discuss how holistic systems thinking—societal, political, environmental, and economic choices considered in an interrelated context—may be central to building true resilience to climate change and creating sustainable development pathways. Traditional and Indigenous knowledge (IK) systems around the world hold holistic awareness of human-ecological interactions—practicable, reciprocal relationships developed over time as a cultural approach. This cultural holistic approach is also known as Systemic Literacy, which considers how systems function beyond “mechanical” aspects and include political, philosophical, psychological, emotional, relational, anthropological, and ecological dimensions. When Indigenous-led, these dimensions can be unified into participatory, community-centered conservation practices that support long-term human and environmental well-being. There is a growing recognition of the criticality of Indigenous leadership in sustainability practices, as well as that partnerships with Indigenous peoples and weaving knowledge systems, as a missing link to approaching global ecological crises. This review investigates the inequality in technological systems—the “digital divide” that further inhibits participation by communities and groups that retain knowledge of “place” and may offer the most transformative solutions. Following the review and synthesis, this study presents cybernetics as a bridge of understanding to Indigenous systems thinking. As non-Indigenous scholars, we hope that this study serves to foster informed, productive, and respectful dialogues so that the strength of diverse knowledges might offer whole-systems approaches to decision making that tackle wicked problems. Lastly, we discuss use cases of community-based processes and co-developed geospatial technologies, along with ethical considerations, as avenues toward enhancing equity and making advances in democratizing and decolonizing technology.

Ever since the operation of the first civilian Earth observation (EO) satellites gained momentum in the 1970s, potential benefits and disadvantages of transferring space science and technologies, such as remote sensing techniques, have also been discussed in relation to developing countries. However, this debate has so far largely taken place at a macro-comparative level. This paper presents results from moving to the ethnographic micro level in southwest Nigeria. It sets the experiences of researchers from the Global South, who use remote sensing data, in relation to a critical review of (post-)development theory perspectives and corresponding discourses in postcolonial science and technology studies (STS). The paper discusses how researchers construct collective agency towards capacity building as a shared liberatory language in relation to an amalgam of experienced and contested places in the EO community. At the intersection of STS, geography and the arena of development policies, these experiences create their own spatial references to a developing niche that invites scholars and development practitioners to rethink and reorganise knowledge production and technologies in a postcolonial world.

In the earlier paper (Paprotny, 2022b) I have presented all known states of maps encountered in the 1750 (i.e. 1752) edition of Atlas Silesiae, together with the composition of several Atlas copies from this edition (in terms of states of included maps). The present paper for the first time compares this composition with copies of the Atlas published after 1800. It demonstrates that the latter are most probably compilations of the partially updated material available at the moment of publication, appearing irregularly at dates differing by years and in few copies only. For this reason, they should not be considered a genuine “second edition” of the Atlas as sometimes called in cartographical literature. The appendix with an update to Paprotny (2022b) presents newly identified states of two Atlas maps.

The debate on the political role of Ratzel's thinking during the first half of the 20th century usually focuses on Nazi Germany and the concept of Lebensraum, but provides little information about its reception in other linguistic contexts. In order to fill this gap, the paper explores the re-elaboration of Ratzel's political geography in Italy from the beginning of the 20th century to the end of the fascist period, when the term of “spazio vitale” (living space) became a key element of the Italian projects for the postwar “new order”. The paper argues that the Italian understanding of Ratzel oscillated between irredentist and imperialist interpretations, deeply influenced by the domestic and international situation. Moreover, it traces how the second interpretation emerged at the very beginning of the century – long before Rudolf Kjellén and Karl Haushofer – and gained momentum in the 1930s, as Italian intellectuals used the concept of living space to promote expansionism and the trilateral rapprochement with Germany and Japan.

In the form of an explorative empirical study, this paper deals with the reasons for the survival and demise of isolated Swiss ski lifts. For the first time, all isolated lifts documented in Switzerland have been recorded and coded according to a total of six conditions. Using a set-theoretical research method in the form of qualitative comparative analysis (QCA), the study aims to identify the necessary conditions and configurations of sufficient conditions explaining (non-)survival. It transpires that closed isolated lifts tend to be outdated and have no technical snowmaking facilities. Moreover, it has become evident that the simultaneous occurrence of the lack of lift facility replacement, lack of technical snowmaking and high ski area competition has caused the closure of most isolated lifts. Low natural snow depth and low elevation difference, conversely, have not had a measurable impact. The causes for the survival of isolated lifts, by contrast, are extremely heterogeneous.

Sustainable development is of equal concern to Geography as an academic discipline and Geography Education. Given Geography's explicit conceptual and thematic affinity to sustainable development, various professional organizations developed normative documents proclaiming Geography to the main carrier subject of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). The aim of this paper is to explore what effects the special proximity of school Geography to the promotion of ESD has on the design of geographical specialist knowledge. Lower secondary Geography curricula (1992–2022) of the federal state of Berlin served as sample for content analysis. Viewed in light of work from the History of Education, Sociology of Education, and Subject Education, the results show a progressive loss of disciplinary identity accompanied by a concurrent shift in focus from factual judgments to value judgments.

While a broad debate on carceral geographies has been part of human geography and related disciplines in English-speaking academia, there are only scarce publications among German-speaking geographers. This special issue aims at bringing different researchers (Tobias Breuckmann, Julia Emprechtinger, Sarah Klosterkamp, Nadine Marquardt, Marco Nocente, Marina Richter and Anna Schliehe) and their rich and diverse research insights in the carceral field into a dialogue. What started with a session at the 2019 conference of German-speaking geography (Deutscher Kongress für Geographie), developed into a special issue that encompasses papers based on the contributions to the session as well as additional papers that round up the insights into current research in carceral geographies in German-speaking countries. The papers show the importance of applying a carceral geography perspective to research in German-speaking geography to focus on different institutions, places and spaces that share common carceral characteristics. In addition, the focus on German-speaking researchers also adds to the international debate on carceral geographies with specific insights from the national contexts.

The presentation of landforms in two-dimensional graphics may not always be clear and understandable to every viewer. The presentation of landforms, as well as other types of characteristics and issues in three-dimensional space can bring many advantages in the process of better understanding of the surrounding reality. The primary purpose of this research is to put forward a simple scheme, accessible to any Geographic Information Systems user, for generating 3D physical terrain models for any area of the Earth. The presented scheme can be used anywhere in the world, however, for the purpose of illustrating its capabilities, a case study of a selected area – the Tatra Mountain range – was conducted in this paper. As part of the study, a 3D model was developed based on a Digital Elevation Model obtained from an open source, i.e. MapTiler. An indisputable advantage of the study is that the designed process flow in its structure takes into account only generally available tools and software (the model was prepared in the QGIS program). However, a certain limitation is the process of printing itself, which depends on the availability of specialized printing equipment. In this case study, FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) technology was used for printing, and the model itself was prepared on a Creality Ender 7 printer. The proposed flowchart, on the one hand, unifies and simplifies the process of creating physical 3D models, while on the other hand, it provides opportunities for GIS users and developers to develop the proposed solution.

Serbian military topographic and cartographic activity has existed for almost 150 years. During that time, a relatively small country like Serbia faced difficult temptations but successfully produced topographic maps. During this period, Serbia was affected by numerous wars and other trials. First, there was a war for liberation with the Turkish Empire, then came the Balkan Wars, the First and Second World Wars and the transformation of Yugoslavia from a kingdom into a socialist state, as well as the final disintegration of Yugoslavia. During all that time, the Serbian army managed to create maps that were a necessary tool used by many civilian institutions. Serbian military topography developed solutions related to geodetic surveying, and cartography provided and developed many maps of different scales with appropriate cartographic keys. Although it often faced difficult situations, the Military Geographical Institute - MGI managed to recover, train new personnel, and continue with topographic surveying, map making, aerial photogrammetry, application of satellite images and implementation of digital technology. In this paper, we provide primary data on the development of military cartographic and topographic activity through a presentation of results and activities from establishing the Military Geographical Institute to the present day. The topographic activity, in addition to topography, includes trigonometric and levelling surveying.

This update to the earlier paper on Schreiber’s Atlas selectus (Paprotny, 2020) presents new findings supplementing and specifying information about the Atlas, its editions, dating, and maps. Discussed are recently discovered prototype versions of the Atlas which preceded series of “canonical” editions, and status of post-1795 copies. An updated list of 32 Atlas editions known today has been compiled, together with catalogue of its maps, identifying their occurrence in the individual editions. Corrections to Jäger’s catalogue of maps from Schreiber’s workshop are proposed.

Based on a review of existing research on adaptive capacity, we identify a research gap in theorizing institutions, power structures, and agency in municipal climate change adaptation processes. Drawing on sociological institutionalism, governmentality, and communicative planning theory, we use post-structuralist concepts of power to to elucidate the collective (de-)mobilization of existing stocks of capacities within municipal institutions of adaptation with a focus on structural power and agency in participation processes. The concept of reflexive capacity is introduced as the ability of organizations such as municipal administrations to incorporate diverse stakeholders and knowledge into decision-making processes in a local context, which is derived from the relationship of power with with power over. The emergence and transformation of reflexive capacity are illustrated and discussed with one case study municipality in Germany, revealing the potential of this concept for the analysis of participation in adaptation processes and the power structures that are inherent to them. In the paper, we incorporate the concept of reflexive capacity with established concepts of adaptive capacity, creating an integrated framework termed institutional adaptive capacity. The analysis concludes that examining power structures and agency in the context of climate change adaptation explains how capacity stocks and individual psychosocial capacity mobilization are institutionally embedded and influenced by reflexive capacity. We argue that the consideration of power structures and agency can provide a complementary approach to explaining adaptive capacity and call for further transdisciplinary empirical research on this topic in different settings of state-initiated adaptation processes.

Abstract Cartography is a technique for creating maps, which are graphical representations of spatial information. Traditional cartography involves the creation of geographical data, such as locations of countries, geographical features of mountains, rivers, and oceans, and celestial objects. However, cartography has recently been utilized to display various data, such as antigenic signatures, graphically. Hence, it is natural to consider a new cartography that can flexibly deal with various data types. This study proposes a model of Siamese topological neural networks consisting of a pair of hierarchical neural networks, each with a low-dimensional internal layer for creating context-flexible maps. The proposed Siamese topological neural network transfers high-dimensional data with various contexts into their low-dimensional spatial representations on a map that humans can use to gain insights from the data. Here, it is enough to define a metric of difference between an arbitrary pair of data instances for training the proposed neural network. As the metric can be arbitrarily defined, the proposed neural network realizes context-flexible cartography useful for visual data analysis. This paper applies the proposed network for visualizing various demographic data.

The research paper presents the results of Russian articles analysis in the field of neurotechnology and artificial intelligence published from 1998 to 2023 in peer-reviewed journals indexed in the international scientific database Scopus. The methods of scientometric and bibliographic analysis with the construction of terminology maps and cartography were used for the analysis. The analysis allowed to identify the positive dynamics of publication activity in the field of neurotechnologies and artificial intelligence, the most active authors, key topics and areas of cooperation, as well as to form recommendations and describe the prospects for the development of this topic. The presented results can contribute to more effective planning of scientific research and partnerships for further development of the considered sphere and strengthening Russia’s position on the global scientific stage.

Around the world, smart grids are emerging as a universal tool to address a wide range of social and technical problems facing energy systems. Despite considerable research on these systems, the ways they differ in the local (re)production of power relations have so far been little discussed. This paper fills this gap by developing a “situated governmentality approach” in conversation with the critique of Foucauldian governmentality studies. By applying this approach to smart grid strategies in Germany (Smart Energy Showcases – Digital Agenda for the Energiewende, SINTEG) and India (National Smart Grid Mission, NSGM), we identify different ways in which power is mediated through situated governmentalities. While SINTEG employs technologies of power that promote a disciplinary regime, the exercise of power in the case of the NSGM displays many elements of a digitally enhanced sovereign approach. The findings reveal the range of governmental programmes that can be realized through smart grids and open up a perspective on the situated functioning of smart grids in energy transitions.

When you zoom in or out of current multi-scale cartographic applications, it is common to feel lost and disoriented for a few seconds because dimensions and map symbols have changed. To make the exploration of these multi-scale maps more fluid, one option is to design maps where the transformations due to scale change are more progressive. This paper proposes to use cartographic generalization techniques to design these multi-scale maps with additional intermediate scales to improve progressiveness. These more progressive maps are tested in a user study with a task requiring multiple zooms in and out. The users perform better with the progressive maps, and in particular, the total quantity of required zooming is reduced compared to maps without additional intermediate scales. However, the survey is not fully conclusive on task performance due to the complexity of such a survey with real maps. This difficulty in assessing how well progressive map generalisation reduces disorientation is discussed and guidelines are proposed to design further studies.

Cartography as a posthuman method cultivates the creative and critical mapping of relational encounters between human, non-human and material entities. These empirically grounded accounts render the dynamic, intra-connected and inexhaustible possibilities verifiable in educational research practices. However, the current literature cites a number of examples of cartography mapping but provides no clarity as to how such an analytical practice might come about. In this paper, I design a Diffractive Transversal Framework to guide the cartographies in my research project where 21 interactive media students collectively author a story with(in) Flors the Teacherbot. The purpose of the framework is threefold: to limit the thresholds of encounter in an ethical and sustainable way; the multiperspectival nature of the framework acknowledges material entities; and transdisciplinarity draws from theory traversing multiple disciplines to become philosophically, educationally, and politically driven. A selected cartography charts the qualitative shift in student understandings around knowledge and its creation. Here, the students diffractively analyse how the collective story came about, rather than its meaning, through structured reflective dialogue enacted with(in) Flors. This is a novel approach to research in automated teaching and demonstrates how the method of cartography can be used to analyse digital data from a posthuman perspective.

The paper sets out to attempt identification of all known plates used to print maps included in the Atlas Silesiae and of all identified states of these maps. While the early states of the Atlas maps are relatively well studied (though far not in every detail), printings pulled from the same though deeply reworked plates, published in Nurnberg in the first two decades of the 19th c., are not always recognised as the late states of the same maps. For each of twenty maps from Atlas Silesiae listed are all identified states together with the most distinctive differences between them. Eleven copies of Atlas Silesiae were also examined in search for possible regularities of their composition in terms of states of the included maps. Public collections with exemplary copies of the Atlas maps in each state identified in the paper are listed in the Appendix.

The paper presents a review of the conformal projections of a tri-axial ellipsoid and the methodology of creating these projections with the use of isometric coordinates. The concept is very simple and has been known for a long time; if isometric coordinates are introduced on the surface of the original and on the plane of the image, then any analytical function of the complex variable, i.e. a function that has a continuous derivative, creates a conformal projection. The introduction presents the history of conformal projections. Then, existing projections are presented, including the Bugayevskiy projection and several projections developed by the author that apply selected functions of the complex variable. Scripts were prepared in the Octave software with the use of the presented methodology. Programming in Octave offers a possibility of a simple implementation of complex variable functions, which is also briefly discussed in the paper. The developed scripts were then used to perform calculations and to draw cartographic grids and distortion isolines in the selected conformal projections. The test object was the tri-axial ellipsoid that represents Phobos.

Shi and lian … dou/ye can both be used as focus constructions in Mandarin Chinese. The current paper aims to investigate the shi and lian … dou/ye constructions within the framework of Syntactic Cartography. The two constructions share very similar syntactic distributions; however, shi and lian are not in the same syntactic position, or more precisely, the former is located higher than the latter. The two constructions mark various foci, namely, adjunct focus, predicate focus, subject focus, and complement focus. In terms of the focus meaning, they express foci of different types, namely, shi introduces the exclusive focus and lian signals the inclusive focus, which is retained in their lexical meanings during the process of grammaticalization of the two words. Both shi and lian can occur at the sentence-initial position and the sentence-internal position. The current research agrees with the previous studies that the sentence-initial lian-XP serves as topics while the sentence-internal lian-XP functions as foci. This paper claims that the sentence-initial shi-phrase also expresses topics and further argues that the sentence-initial shi-phrase marks topic foci whereas the sentence-initial lian-phrase marks focus topics which both carry the [Topic] and [Focus] features but differ in the feature strength. It is concluded that shi can be analyzed on a par with lian in Mandarin Chinese.

Sea level rise and sea state variability, resulting from climate change and global warming, are critical research areas. However, current techniques for observing and monitoring these phenomena have limitations in terms of spatial and temporal resolution, particularly in dynamic coastal zones. GNSS Reflectometry (GNSS-R) is an emerging bistatic radar-based technique that utilizes the GNSS direct (transmitter-receiver) and reflected (transmitter-reflection point-receiver) signals to extract properties of the reflecting surface. This study explores the potential of airborne GNSS-R as a means to monitor sea state in coastal areas by using the Doppler spread and reflectivity as observables. The paper aims to derive a sea state factor from the reflected signal power and the Doppler shift distribution to analyze its correlation with wind speed and significant wave height data obtained from the ERA5 model. The experiment involved four flights conducted along the coast between Calais and Boulogne-sur-Mer, France, in July 2019. A GNSS software receiver processes the direct and reflected signals, tracking and re-tracking the reflected signals with the aid of a specular reflection model. The resulting in-phase and quadrature components are analyzed in the spectral domain every minute to estimate the power, the surface reflectivity, and the relative Doppler shift. The findings reveal that the sea state factor and Doppler spreading are sensitive to sea state conditions, correlated with the ERA5 parameters, and influenced by the elevation angle of GNSS satellites. At low elevations (E

Sea level rise and sea state variability, resulting from climate change and global warming, are critical research areas. However, current techniques for observing and monitoring these phenomena have limitations in terms of spatial and temporal resolution, particularly in dynamic coastal zones. GNSS Reflectometry (GNSS-R) is an emerging bistatic radar-based technique that utilizes the GNSS direct (transmitter-receiver) and reflected (transmitter-reflection point-receiver) signals to extract properties of the reflecting surface. This study explores the potential of airborne GNSS-R as a means to monitor sea state in coastal areas by using the Doppler spread and reflectivity as observables. The paper aims to derive a sea state factor from the reflected signal power and the Doppler shift distribution to analyze its correlation with wind speed and significant wave height data obtained from the ERA5 model. The experiment involved four flights conducted along the coast between Calais and Boulogne-sur-Mer, France, in July 2019. A GNSS software receiver processes the direct and reflected signals, tracking and re-tracking the reflected signals with the aid of a specular reflection model. The resulting in-phase and quadrature components are analyzed in the spectral domain every minute to estimate the power, the surface reflectivity, and the relative Doppler shift. The findings reveal that the sea state factor and Doppler spreading are sensitive to sea state conditions, correlated with the ERA5 parameters, and influenced by the elevation angle of GNSS satellites. At low elevations (E

This article presents cartographic teaching materials used in two different periods: the second half of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the 2020s. During the first period examined, the works of Blaž Kocen (also Blasius Kozenn) laid the foundations of school cartography in the Habsburg Monarchy. The most highly valued among them in central Europe were his atlases, which have the longest tradition of publishing in the world. In the second period, technological development and the COVID-19 pandemic laid the foundations for a faster transition to digital approaches to teaching. This article examines the use of maps, atlases, and textbooks by Slovenian geography teachers to determine whether modern (digital) teaching materials have replaced or will replace the traditional (paper) ones. It was established that the use of printed cartographic materials continues to predominate in geography teaching, which indirectly preserves the importance of Kocen’s pioneering and visionary work.

Energy justice is a rapidly developing area of research and policy advocacy. Recently, some critiques have been formulated, particularly from postcolonial, political ecology, and more-than-human perspectives, such as the concept's rootedness in Western thought and its too narrow anthropocentric focus. This paper presents an integrative model of various energy justices including perceptions that allow for a more nuanced and expanded understanding, drawing on recent concepts of environmental and energy justice. This analytic perspective integrates understandings of justice as a subjective belief, including increased consideration of the role of emotion in evaluating justice. According to this understanding, there is no “one” energy justice. Instead, there are multiple, sometimes contradictory, and fluid perceptions of justice.

Against the backdrop of ongoing planetary crises, this paper discusses the ambivalent relationship between large-scale material infrastructure, particularly energy technologies, and environmental justice. Inspired by relational and practice-oriented understandings of infrastructure, it develops a conceptual approach for energy-related environmental justice research, which is exemplarily applied to the emerging issue of green hydrogen, drawing on brief insights from the hydrogen frontrunner countries Colombia and Canada and associated struggles over Indigenous sovereignty. This “infrastructural lens”, based on three epistemological shifts – from infrastructure to “infrastructuring”, from social imaginaries to “sociotechnical imaginaries” and from human infrastructuring to “planetary infrastructuring” – provides deeper insights into how patterns of justice and injustice are practically infrastructured and what kinds of imaginaries they evoke or are entangled with. Moreover, it makes tangible how practices of infrastructuring can themselves become part of a broader political ontology, that is, of struggles over ways of being and ways of relating to planet Earth.

This paper examines whether and to what extent the application of the method of hermeneutic photography can contribute to reducing epistemic relations of violence and thus to decolonizing empirical social research. To this end, an empirical study by the author is subjected to a re-reading and methodological reflection from postcolonial perspectives. On the basis of this, it will then be worked out which potentials and limits the work with the method of hermeneutic photography offers for research projects that are carried out in countries of the so-called Global South.

Deportation is often studied in the context of research into the administration, enforcement, and control of immigration, with researchers highlighting the violent effect on deportees and studying the various actors involved in the deportation process. This contribution adds to the growing literature on deportation infrastructures by emphasizing the inseparability of deportation procedures from the specific sites in which they unfold, as well as highlighting the analytical interest and political agency of such spaces. My socio-material approach applies a rather classical understanding of infrastructure, asking what three specific deportation sites – prisons, hospitals, and airports – can tell us about deportation procedures as a technology of immigration enforcement. Using Switzerland as a case study, this paper analyses deportation procedures, including the role of human and non-human actors, paying particular attention to the situatedness and relationality of deportation infrastructures. The socio-material analysis of the architecture of the three sites under discussion ultimately exposes deportation as violent statecraft.

Research on agricultural development models shows that local applications of global models are adapted both to the globalisation of agricultural markets and to climate change. The circulation of such models is also linked to local political and historical contexts. However, few studies have focused on abrupt changes in economic policies, such as those following the Arab Spring. We propose to study the evolution of olive-growing development policies in post-revolutionary Tunisia. In order to mitigate both market- and climate-induced vulnerabilities and to make the sector more competitive with major olive producers, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines recommend intensification of Tunisian olive farming through irrigation. Our research makes two main claims: (1) the change in the production model towards irrigation aims to respond to globalisation, climate change and national policies. (2) Some exporters are involved at several levels of the value chain. This research conducted by geographers and economists analyses the mutations of the olive sector towards irrigation, using a double theoretical framework on the circulation of agricultural development models, with a political-ecology approach. This paper contributes to a growing body of research on the relationship between commodity production networks and water studies.

This paper evaluates the potential of using artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) approaches for classification of Landsat satellite imagery for environmental coastal mapping. The aim is to identify changes in patterns of land cover types in a coastal area around Cheetham Wetlands, Port Phillip Bay, Australia. The scripting approach of the Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) geographic information system (GIS) uses AI-based methods of image analysis to accurately discriminate land cover types. Four ML algorithms are applied, tested and compared for supervised classification. Technical approaches are based on using the ‘r.learn.train’ module, which employs the scikit-learn library of Python. The methodology includes the following algorithms: (1) random forest (RF), (2) support vector machine (SVM), (3) an ANN-based approach using a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) classifier, and (4) a decision tree classifier (DTC). The tested methods using AI demonstrated robust results for image classification, with the highest overall accuracy exceeding 98% and reached by the SVM and RF models. The presented scripting approach for GRASS GIS accurately detected changes in land cover types in southern Victoria over the period of 2013–2024. From our findings, the use of AI and ML algorithms offers effective solutions for coastal monitoring by analysis of change detection using multi-temporal RS data. The demonstrated methods have potential applications in coastal and wetland monitoring, environmental analysis and urban planning based on Earth observation data.

Urban villages represent informal residential areas emerging since China’s rapid urbanization process. Scientific map generalization of urban villages with scientific maps aids readers in discerning their distribution and making informed decisions concerning them. However, there is still a scarcity of research on the automatic extraction and generalization of urban villages from vector data, which needs to be studied to further improve the expression of maps. To address this problem, this paper presents a methodology for the extraction and generalization of urban villages from Digital Line Graphics. Firstly, a heuristic approach is employed to analyze the atypical morphological characteristics of urban villages. Then, indices based on computational geometry and the modified Hausdorff distance are utilized to quantify these traits. Lastly, an automatic generalization principle for urban villages is offered. The approach was tested in experimental blocks and proved to be effective. It offers a novel method for the automatic extraction and cartography of urban villages.

In early summer 1980, radical geography students rallied around the slogan „Geografe nüme schlafe!“ („Geographers, stop sleeping!“) to take part in the radical youth movement that shook the city of Zurich at that time. In turn, these activist students brought these struggles back into the university and the geography department, where they confronted the professorate with their demands for a new curriculum. This paper argues that the antagonistic Stimmung, in which these struggles took place, produced a radical „thought style“ that flourished in a specific constellation of „thought events“: a prominent theory seminar in 1980, the AK WissKri, a network of radical geography students, the „Geoscope“ journal and, finally, a number of diploma theses on feminist, urban and historical geography. In these thought events, a radical geography materialized outside and beyond the mainstream of German language geography. Building on archival material and narrative interviews, this paper documents these student initiatives for a radical geography, and illustrates the precarious conditions of possibility of radical geography, in Zurich, and beyond.

This paper develops three analytical categories – range, supporting capacity, exigency/notability – to capture how supra-individual phenomena affect the people studied by empirical research. Researchers face a tension between constructivist and realist perspectives as the examined phenomena are simultaneously social constructs, in the way people perceive and understand them, and social facts in their consequences. Taking a critical perspective on the notion of large social phenomena – popularized by Theodore Schatzki – the paper develops an explorative terminology that aims to facilitate practice-oriented field research. Examples of empirical research on transition and degrowth initiatives illustrate how research subjects estimate the range of a phenomenon by trying to grasp whether they are in or out of its reach; the supportive capacity of a phenomenon by exploring how far it carries certain processes; and they experience the exigency of a phenomenon and ascribe a certain notability to it. Taken together, this terminology grasps the way phenomena are matters of concern, rather than matters of fact, for the research subjects.

In this paper I argue, following proposals by Laka (1990), Aboh (2010), De Clercq (2013; 2020a), and Greco (2019; 2020ab) among others, that negation has a dedicated position in the left periphery where it takes wide scope over the lower sentential material. This position is separate and independent from the TP-level PolP, and it can convey sentential negation on its own. As evidence for this, I present data from Modern Irish concerning an emphatic marker known as Demonic Negation from McCloskey (2009; 2018). I argue that this element is a true semantic negator rather than a metalinguistic negator, and that it is base generated in a polar projection immediately dominating FocP, independently from the lower positions where sentential negation is standardly encoded. This has a broader relevance for the general theory of the syntactic encoding of negation, since it demonstrates that negative markers can be base-generated in their highest scope position, and thus that they need not always originate in the VP-layer as proposed in recent research. Additionally, the possibility of raising a constituent to the SpecFocP to the right of the Demonic Negation is exploited to express scalar negation and Focus/constituent negation, bypassing the Irish restriction which prevents negation from being expressed below the inflectional layer (Acquaviva 1996).

In this paper, I provide an arts-based posthumanist cartography of a theatre play, Apple Time performed by deaf youth in Regina, Saskatchewan. This play was co-constructed by deaf youth performers, two deaf adults, a hearing teacher, and a hearing director. Apple Time premiered in Regina, Saskatchewan on June 2, 2018, and was remounted again at the Globe Theatre (Regina) in February 2019 and again at the SoundOff Festival in Edmonton, Alberta. The arts-based cartography examines intelligibility as a methodological problem as posited by Graif (2018), in which the actions of deaf children and youth often remain invisible due to the ontological position that perception of the world is predicated upon the ability to hear. Intelligibility as a methodological problem poses a challenge to the deficit perspective commonly held by families and service providers working with deaf children and youth (Glickman & Hall, 2019). The performers in this play were able to re-align audience perceptions through the presentation of their inner worlds and preoccupations, thereby making their multiple deaf worlds more intelligible.

The South Sandwich Trench located eastward of the Drake Passage in the Scotia Sea between Antarctica and South America is one of the least studied deep-sea trenches. Its geomorphological formation and present shape formed under the strong influence of the tectonic plate movements and various aspects of the geological setting, i.e., sediment thickness, faults, fracture zones and geologic lineaments. The aim of this paper is to link the geological and geophysical setting of the Scotia Sea with individual geomorphological features of the South Sandwich Trench in the context of the phenomena of its formation and evolution. Linking several datasets (GEBCO, ETOPO1, EGM96, GlobSed and marine freeair gravity raster grids, geological vector layers) highlights correlations between various factors affecting deep-sea trench formation and development, using the Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) for cartographic mapping. The paper contributes to the regional studies of the submarine geomorphology in the Antarctic region with a technical application of the GMT cartographic scripting toolset.

Traditional methods for travel demand estimation are often built on socioeconomic and travel information. The information required to conduct such studies is costly and rarely available in developing countries. Besides, some conventional methods do not consider the spatial relationship of variables and, in general, a large amount of socioeconomic and individual travel data is required. The key aim of this paper is to evaluate the importance of considering spatial information when estimating travel mode choices especially considering the lack of available data. The study area is the São Paulo Metropolitan Area (Brazil) and the dataset refers to an Origin-Destination Survey, conducted in 2007. This research paper analyzes the use of Geostatistics when estimating discrete travel mode choices. The results demonstrated a satisfactory outcome for the geostatistical approach. Finally, although socioeconomic and travel variables have greater explanatory power in predicting travel mode choices, spatial factors contribute to better understand the travel behavior and to provide further information when estimating spatially correlated data.