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This book contains selected papers from the 22nd World Renewable Energy Congress (WREC 2023) in Kuala Lumpur. The forum promotes renewable energy global development and features top international experts, policymakers, scientists, engineers, technology developers, and business practitioners addressing the most current research in sustainable energy development and innovation. The contributions address policy, technology, and applications across a wide range of topics, including solar thermal, geothermal energy, wind energy, turbines and generators, bioclimatic architecture, energy audits, construction and design, low carbon mobility, green steel, batteries and supercapacitors, regulatory issues and public policy, circular economy, urban mining and much more.

​This book presents smart energy management in the context of energy transition. It presents the motivation, impacts and challenges related to this hot topic. Then, it focuses on the use of techniques and tools based on artificial intelligence (AI) to solve the challenges related to this problem. A global diagram presenting the general principle of these techniques is presented. Then, these techniques are compared according to a set of criteria in order to show their advantages and disadvantages with respect to the conditions and constraints of intelligent energy management applications in the context of energy transition. Several examples are used throughout the white paper to illustrate the concepts and methods presented. An intelligent electrical network (Smart grid—SG) includes heterogeneous and distributed electricity production, transmission, distribution and consumption components. It is the next generation of electricity network able to manage electricity demand (consumption/production/distribution) in a sustainable, reliable and economical way taking into account the penetration of renewable energies (solar, wind, etc.). Therefore, an SG smart grid also includes an intelligent layer that analyzes the data provided by consumers as well as that collected from the production side in order to optimize consumption and production according to weather conditions, the profile and habits of the consumer. In addition, this system can improve the use of green energy through renewable energy penetration and demand response.

Renewable energy sources interface with the ac grids via inverters are termed inverter-based resources (IBRs). They are replacing traditional fossil fuel-based synchronous generators at a dazzling speed. In turn, unprecedented dynamic events have occurred, threatening power grid reliability. Modeling and Stability Analysis of Inverter-Based Resources provides a fundamental understanding of IBR dynamics.Developing reliability solutions requires a thorough understanding of challenges, and in this case, IBR-associated dynamics. Modeling and stability analysis play an indispensable role in revealing a mechanism of dynamics. This book covers the essential techniques of dynamic model building for IBRs, including type-3 wind farms, type-4 wind farms, and solar photovoltaics. Besides modeling, this book offers readers the techniques of stability analysis. The text includes three parts. Part 1 concentrates on tools, including electromagnetic transient simulation, analysis, and measurement-based modeling. Part 2 focuses on IBR modeling and analysis details. Part 3 highlights generalized dynamic circuit representation—a unified modeling framework for dynamic and harmonic analysis.This topic of IBR dynamic modeling and stability analysis is interesting, challenging, and intriguing. The authors have led the effort of publishing the 2020 IEEE Power and Energy Society's TR-80 taskforce report “Wind Energy Systems Subsynchronous Oscillations: Modeling and Events,'and the two taskforce papers on investigation of real-world IBR dynamic events. In this book, the authors share with readers many insights into modeling and analysis for real-world IBR dynamic events investigation.

This book presents smart energy management in the context of energy transition. It presents the motivation, impacts and challenges related to this hot topic. Then, it focuses on the use of techniques and tools based on artificial intelligence (AI) to solve the challenges related to this problem. A global diagram presenting the general principle of these techniques is presented. Then, these techniques are compared according to a set of criteria in order to show their advantages and disadvantages with respect to the conditions and constraints of intelligent energy management applications in the context of energy transition. Several examples are used throughout the white paper to illustrate the concepts and methods presented. An intelligent electrical network (smart grid—SG) includes heterogeneous and distributed electricity production, transmission, distribution and consumption components. It is the next generation of electricity network able to manage electricity demand (consumption/production/distribution) in a sustainable, reliable and economical way taking into account the penetration of renewable energies (solar, wind, etc.). Therefore, a (SG) smart grid also includes an intelligent layer that analyzes the data provided by consumers as well as that collected from the production side in order to optimize consumption and production according to weather conditions, the profile and habits of the consumer. In addition, this system can improve the use of green energy through renewable energy penetration and demand response.

This book dedicates to publish exceptionally important and high-quality, agenda-setting research so as to tackle the key global and societal challenges of ensuring the provision of energy and protecting our environment for the future. The book appeals to chemical scientists, chemical and process engineers, energy researchers, bio-scientists and environmental scientists from across academia, industry and government. The scope is intentionally broad, and the book recognizes the complexity of issues and challenges relating to energy conversion and storage, alternative fuel technologies and environmental science. The main topics of this book include but not limit to (1) alternative energy and the environment, (2) assessments of the condition of ecosystems and environmental quality, (3) behavior of and impacts of pollutants in atmosphere, soil and water, (4) management of ecosystems, environment and water resources, (5) modeling and regional environmental assessments (includes global change), (6) treatment/restoration of ecosystems, environment and water resources, (7) sustainable/renewable energy and(8) energy and built environment. All scales of studies and analysis, from impactful fundamental advances, to interdisciplinary research across the (bio)chemical, (bio/geo)physical sciences and chemical engineering disciplines are welcomed. So, this book is linked to the energy-environment nexus and is of significant general interest to our community-spanning readership.

This volume addresses SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 12 (Sustainable Consumption and Production). By 2030, therefore, people have to substantially increase their share of renewable energy. The book focuses on waste as primary sources of biomass that can fulfill energy requirements for sustainable development. It also discusses various related topics such as energy production methods, a mathematical model for the development of a sustainable biofuels supply chain, economic analysis, optimization techniques, multiple-criteria decision-making and mixed-integer linear programming and existing and emerging policies that encourage the switch to renewable energy. It is committed to fusing science and technology in a way that assures a sustainable future and addresses major topics on biofuels: biomass, bioenergy, biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas modelling and their supply chain management, inventory control and optimization.The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all United Nations Member countries in 2015, provides a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future. The book uses an interdisciplinary approach and provides solutions to energy requirements by using emerging technology and nanotechnologies. It explores a technical breakdown of the tools that may be utilized to convert biomass into usable energy forms. At the end of the book, a description of the social and economic aspects of renewable energy and minimization of bioenergy cost is presented. The book is useful to students, researchers, industry experts and anybody in the adoption of renewable energy. It covers the complete course in the fundamentals of biomass feedstock and their supply chain management resources at the graduate level in engineering.

This book provides a comprehensive global coverage of energy management as it relates mostly to developing countries. In an era of unprecedented global population growth, the demand for energy has reached staggering levels. The United Nations reported an enormous 200% increase in population between 1950 and 2020, with projections indicating a further rise to 10.9 billion by 2100. As a direct consequence, global primary energy usage has surged from 3701 Mtoe in 1965 to 13511 Mtoe in 2017, putting immense strain on existing energy sources. If current growth rates persist, these sources could be depleted within a mere 130 years. To address this impending crisis, governments worldwide have implemented regulations and incentives to promote energy conservation. While numerous studies and publications have emerged within the field of energy management, there remains a significant research gap, particularly concerning the energy challenges faced by developing countries. Existing edited books on energy-related topics often narrowly focus on specific aspects, hindering readers from gaining a holistic understanding of energy management challenges and potential solutions. This book fills this void. Recognizing the pivotal role these nations play in achieving sustainable development goals, this book provides a wide-ranging perspective on the trends, challenges, and potential solutions to energy crises in these regions. It not only acknowledges the challenges faced by developing countries but also offers viable strategies to address them. The editor, leveraging his successful leadership experience in global academic endeavors, including publishing a book on Occupational Safety & Health practices during the COVID-19 era and coordination of multinational research projects, is well positioned to bring together exceptional chapters from various countries. His extensive network ensures the inclusion of diverse perspectives, enriching the book's content and offering invaluable insights to readers. Designed for a broad readership, including energy industry organizations, professionals, researchers, government bodies, policymakers, and students, this book delves into a wide array of energy management issues. By facilitating a comprehensive understanding of the subject, it equips readers with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate the complex landscape of energy management in the modern world.

Although there are many publications about energy efficiency policies and renewable energy policies, most of them are specific to some countries or regions. As most of these publications focus on country and region specific issues, they may not be preferred in teaching the energy related policies in a university not from that country or region. The author has been teaching a course called “Energy Laws and Policies” for a long time. Over the years, she prepared detailed lecture notes about energy efficiency policies and renewable energy policies which are the basis of this book. It can be used by instructors around the World, or by students/individuals who want to learn more about these policies. It is aimed to serve as a textbook for undergraduate, and graduate level students. The book includes the definitions, types, advantages/disadvantages of energy efficiency policies and renewable energy policies in general. It also provides a comparative analysis on energy efficiency and renewable energy policy preferences of different countries. It will help the students to better understand the major differences between policies, how they are applied and which policies should be preferred under which conditions.

Due to limited non-renewable resources and climate change problems, the global energy sector must be transformed from fossil fuel dominated to renewable energy based. However, due to constraints of resources, technology, locked capital in existing energy systems, limited financial support, and associated risks in investment, etc., this transformation is not expected to occur rapidly. Rather there should be an energy transition path with planned replacement of fossil fuel-based systems to renewable-based ones. Large-scale renewable power is yet to be dominant globally. Distributed renewable power is appearing to be more common as its implementation requires smaller investments with lesser financial risks. There are several options of such distributed renewable power with great prospects at different locations. Simultaneously, there are many challenges to overcome for successful implementation of such projects. These challenges are also multi-dimensional. In this book, several chapters address bright prospects of several options of distributed renewable power. Simultaneously, other chapters address challenges of implementation of such technologies. The chapters together cover a wide perspective of both prospects and associated challenges to be addressed for it. Chapters include technological issues, optimization of energy systems, logistics and policies, case studies etc. Researchers, industry professionals, and students can benefit from this book.

Der hier vorliegende zweite Band des dreiteiligen Standardwerks zur Energiegewinnung aus Biomasse widmet sich der thermo-chemischen Konversion fester organischer Stoffe.Damit beinhaltet dieser Band die Grundlagen zu den biogenen Festbrennstoffen und deren Eigenschaften sowie eine systematische Übersicht zu den Verfahren der thermo-chemischen Umwandlung inklusive direkter thermo-chemischer Umwandlung auf Basis rezenter Biomasse. Ebenfalls dargestellt werden die Gaserzeugung, die Pyrolyse, die hydrothermalen Verfahren und mögliche Synthesen zur Weiterverarbeitung.Die Ressourcen und deren Bereitstellung sowie die Prozesse der bio-chemischen sowie der physikalisch-chemischen Konversion sind in den beiden anderen Bänden der Reihe „Energie aus Biomasse“ beschrieben.Die drei Bücher dieser Reihe bieten einen umfassenden Überblick der biologischen, physikalischen und chemischen sowie technischen Grundlagen einer Energiegewinnung aus Biomasse. Auch stellen sie den aktuellen Stand der jeweiligen Anlagentechnik bzw. der entsprechenden Konversionsverfahren dar. Den Herausgebern ist es gelungen, unter Mitarbeit einer Vielzahl kompetenter Fachleute aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum ein umfassendes Werk mit allen wesentlichen Möglichkeiten einer Energiegewinnung aus organischen Stoffen zu erarbeiten.

This book highlights recent progress on the advancements toward optimization of major biorefinery processes, including biomass pretreatment and fractionation, saccharification of sugars, and conversion of sugars and lignin into fuels and chemical precursors. The continual improvement of these processes and their integration in the format of a modern biorefinery is paving the way for a sustainable bio-economy that will displace large portions of petroleum-derived fuels and chemicals with renewable substitutes. Written by leading researchers from academia and well-renowned industry professionals, this book provides a comprehensive review of various aspects related to the recent developments in biomass conversion and biorefinery, aimed at successfully implementing the circular economy principles in various industries.

This book describes the foundations of energy resources and includes most of the important aspects and relevant issues of conventional and non-conventional energy sources. It thoroughly explains the facets of energy conversion processes from food waste, including comparative analyses, benefits, and challenges associated with building an energy system that uses food waste as its primary input. It also provides an example of contemporary grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system control methods. Subsequently, it describes the transient stability of the DC microgrid which has been investigated whenever any voltage and load change creates an imbalance in active power. Afterwards it shows the implementation of control algorithms for the microgrid powered by hybrid energy sources with the main objective of the energy management control. It also shows the integrated energy management systems used to control the demand of power supply to the end users. Integrated energy management systems will be significant and reliable in the future. It also presents multi-objective optimal power flow solution with wind power integrated conventional power systems. It also describes the amalgamation of renewable energy systems in the existing grid system which is the main cause of instability and equilibrium issues. Lastly, it ends with the discussion of different energy storage schemes and the control and management for proper utilization of energy.

Der hier vorliegende dritte Band des dreiteiligen Standardwerks zur Energiegewinnung aus Biomasse widmet sich der bio-chemischen und der physikalisch-chemischen Konversion biogener Ausgangsstoffe.Damit beinhaltet dieser Band Grundlagen zur stofflichen Klassifizierung von Biomasse (einschließlich funktionaler Gruppen), die Behandlung und den Aufschluss sowie Verfahren zur Umwandlung in flüssige bzw. gasförmige Energieträger und Basischemikalien; dabei liegt der Schwerpunkt der Darstellungen auf der Ethanolerzeugung, der Biogasgewinnung und der Pflanzenölherstellung und -weiterverarbeitung, da dies die Optionen sind, die global die größte Marktbedeutung haben.Ressourcen und Bereitstellung sowie die Prozesse der thermo-chemischen Konversion werden im Band 1 und Band 2 der Reihe „Energie aus Biomasse“ beschrieben.Die drei Bücher dieser Reihe bieten einen umfassenden Überblick der biologischen, physikalischen und chemischen sowie technischen Grundlagen einer Energiegewinnung aus Biomasse. Auch stellen sie den aktuellen Stand der jeweiligen Anlagentechnik bzw. der entsprechenden Konversionsverfahren dar. Den Herausgebern ist es gelungen, unter Mitarbeit einer Vielzahl kompetenter Fachleute aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum ein umfassendes Werk mit allen wesentlichen Möglichkeiten einer Energiegewinnung aus organischen Stoffen zu erarbeiten.

This book collates important contributions from Engineering to Adapt (ETA2023). Eta, η, the 7th letter of the Greek alphabet, is scrupulously used to denote efficiency and this is what ETA2023 strives for. In context, efficiency, η, is about avoiding waste, may this be energy, time, money, or material, in accomplishing something useful. As such, ETA2023 aims at bringing experts and future leaders together to forge more efficient ways to engineer and live. In other words, ETA2023 strives to synergise and catalyse all stakeholders, enthusiasts, and experts from academia, industry, policy arenas, and the general public, to formulate novel ways to improve tomorrow.This symposium will disseminate recent progress and promote collaborations to maximize opportunities for innovative integrated solutions. Topics of interest include resource and energy efficiency, waste reduction, and eco-friendly agriculture, architecture, engineering, and living.

The book deepens understanding of biomass sources and technologies used for cooking worldwide. It contributes directly to the creation of policies aimed at the mitigation of climate change.Historically, wood is considered humanity's first source of energy. Even after decades of use and industrialization processes, it is still considered the most important single source of renewable energy. About a third of the world's population is energetically dependent on wood for cooking and/or heating. Recently, the Covid-19 pandemic made it impossible to purchase fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), forcing families in financial difficulties to opt for cheaper and more accessible sources of energy, such as wood and vegetable coal. This has been the picture of many families around the world and negatively impacts the environment and energy security. Considering that there are still many wood residues that are wasted and that tropical forests need to be conserved, knowledge aboutthe energy use of wood residues is also essential. This is even more relevant when considering the significant volume of biomass coming from the sustainable management of the largest tropical forest in the world, the Amazon Forest.The book considers which wood variables should be taken into account when thinking about energy generation, how do food cooking technologies contribute to potentiating pollutants emissions, and how can these harmful effects be mitigated. It describes the chemical composition of biomass and the chemical compounds released during its burning, as well as their impacts on the environment and human health. It also presents the influence that technologies used in food cooking have on pollutant emissions and which alternatives can be used, such as the use of solar energy.

Dieser hier vorliegende erste Band des dreiteiligen Standardwerks zur Energiegewinnung aus Biomasse widmet sich der Biomassebereitstellung frei Konversionsanlage. Damit beinhaltet dieser Band die Grundlagen der Photosynthese und eine systematische Darstellung der potenziell energetisch nutzbaren biogenen Ressourcen aus der Forst- und Landwirtschaft; auch werden Rückstände, Nebenprodukte und Abfälle adressiert. Daran schließen sich die nächsten Schritte in den Versorgungs-/Bereitstellungsketten an (Biomasseproduktion, Ernte und mechanische Aufbereitung, Transport, Trocknung, Lagerung), die mit dem aktuellen Stand der Technik dargestellt werden. Final wird noch auf Algen als einer weiteren Biomasseressource eingegangen. Die sich anschließenden Prozessschritte der bio-chemischen, der physikalisch-chemischen und der thermo-chemischen Konversion sind in weiteren zwei Bänden der Reihe „Energie aus Biomasse“ beschrieben. Die drei Bücher dieser Reihe bieten einen umfassendenÜberblick der biologischen, physikalischen und chemischen Grundlagen einer Energiegewinnung aus Biomasse. Auch stellen sie den aktuellen Stand der jeweiligen Anlagentechnik bzw. der entsprechenden Konversionsverfahren dar. Den Herausgebern ist es gelungen, unter Mitarbeit einer Vielzahl kompetenter Fachleute aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum ein umfassendes Werk mit allen wesentlichen Möglichkeiten einer Energiegewinnung aus organischen Stoffen zu erarbeiten.

This book looks at how digital economy can help energy businesses to meet their sustainability goals. It will further generates a new debate among policymakers about encouraging green technologies to reduce global carbon emissions.Our modern society requires a long-term, sustainable, and secure energy supply that not only generates and preserves renewable energy. It is also creating universal intelligent machines for power systems, and vital infrastructure is considered in terms of digital economy requirements. The idea of sharing information is an essential principle of sustainable thinking. In such instances, open internet and data access are required to enable any human being to acquire knowledge. Furthermore, the energy industry is changing worldwide, necessitating the consideration of potential implications and modifications. Thus, its most distinguishing feature is moving from a centrally organized system to one with many market players. Consequently, information and communication technologies and human growth have significant main and interactive effects on environmental sustainability. Simultaneously, energy industry is a major player in resolving the digital economy's development issues.

This book explores the role of renewable energy sources in driving sustainable development, with a focus on their circular use in achieving environmental efficiency and an energy balance. The authors highlights the significance of renewable energy in reducing costs for producers and consumers while also ensuring the production of clean energy that can be integrated seamlessly into the national power grid without compromising reliability or energy security.Readers are introduced to the circular economy model and its importance in the context of renewable energy. The book sheds light on the challenges associated with transitioning to alternative energy systems, particularly in cases where not all resources can be fully circulated. Through the research presented in this book, stakeholders will gain insights into how the sustainable renewable energy supply chain can be adapted within the circular economy. This will have a synergistic effect in reducing carbonemissions, and also aid in the production of renewable energy equipment.

This handbook analyzes and develops methods and models to optimize solutions for energy access (for industry and the general world population alike) in terms of reliability and sustainability. With a focus on improving the performance of energy systems, it brings together state-of-the-art research on reliability enhancement, intelligent development, simulation and optimization, as well as sustainable development of energy systems. It helps energy stakeholders and professionals learn the methodologies needed to improve the reliability of energy supply-and-demand systems, achieve more efficient long-term operations, deal with uncertainties in energy systems, and reduce energy emissions.Highlighting novel models and their applications from leading experts in this important area, this book will appeal to researchers, students, and engineers in the various domains of smart energy systems and encourage them to pursue research and development in this exciting and highly relevant field.

Hydrogen technologies are key for achieving a carbon-neutral economy; these offer solutions for the further expansion of renewable energy supplies, climate-neutral industry processes and sustainable mobility. For Germany and Europe alike, they present an opportunity to maintain industrial value creation, expand export opportunities and secure technological sovereignty. In this book, the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft presents the knowledge and experience it has acquired along the entire value chain of the hydrogen economy. This encompasses materials and system development, production, system upscaling, energy sector applications, emission-intensive industry processes and mobility, as well as the practical, overarching issues of safety, standardization and service life.

Der hier vorliegende zweite Band des dreiteiligen Werkes „Elektrische Energieversorgung“ widmet sich den Aufgaben der Energiewirtschaft inklusive der Aspekte zum Klimaschutz sowie der Beschaffenheit des Energiemarktes. Kraftwerktechnik sowie Anlagen zur Stromerzeugung aus regenerativen Energiequellen und Energiespeicherung runden diesen Band im Bereich Elektrizitätswirtschaft ab.Alle drei Bände Elektrische Energieversorgung zeichnen sich durch die Synthese von theoretischer Fundierung und unmittelbarem Praxisbezug aus. Sie unterstützen das Verständnis und den Lernerfolg mit Übungsaufgaben, Modellbeispielen bzw. Simulationen.

The tropical zones are dominated by developing countries, which mainly face problematic environmental issues. Different than four-season countries, tropical countries have a continuous summer-like season and therefore they are rich in clean energy sources like solar and biomass. Hence, the mitigations of environment and energy issues in the tropics would require specific understanding and different approach to solutions. This book offers an assortment of studies on scenarios of environment as well as energy demand and power generation technologies in the tropics. Many of the countries within the tropics are highly populated, and this results in various problems related to the environment and energy. The demand for energy in these countries keeps increasing but concurrently there are also environmental issues that require serious attention. As the global concern on the environment is alarming today, the choice of power generation should be of the cleanest possible resource. This variousreports on research activities carried out in the tropics on the aspect of environment and energy presented in this book are highly beneficial for those who like to see an improvement in the tropics with regard to environment and energy systems.

This book provides a thorough overview of the concept of whole energy systems and the role of vector-coupling technologies (VCTs) in meeting long-term decarbonization strategies. It is the first comprehensive reference that provides basic definitions and fundamental, applicable approaches to whole energy systems analysis and vector-coupling technologies in a multidisciplinary way. Whole Energy Systems presents practical methods with evidence from applications to real-world and simulated coupled energy systems. Sample analytical examples are provided to aid in the understanding of the presented methods. The book will provide researchers and industry stakeholders focused on whole energy systems, as well researchers and developers from different branches of engineering, energy, economics, and operation research, with state-of-the-art coverage and the latest developments in the field.

This book includes the proceedings of the Responsible Engineering and Living 2022 Symposium and Industry Summit. Molière holds each of us accountable when he asserted that, “It is not only for what we do that we are held responsible, but also for what we do not do.” Responsible Engineering and Living 2022 (REAL2022) strived to inspire every individual to practise and foster responsible engineering and living. Its proceedings brings all stakeholders, enthusiasts and experts from academia, industry, policy arenas, and general public, together to discuss challenges, sharpen existing solutions, and formulate novel means to advance responsible engineering and living. This symposium disseminates recent progress and promote collaborations to maximize opportunities for innovative solutions. Topics of interest include resource and energy conservation, waste reduction, nature-friendly engineering and architecture, and sustainable vibrant living.

This is an open access book.The subject of this book is to provide down-to-earth information on what kind of actions are being taken by the Government, Local community, Businesses, Researchers, NGOs on the energy transition in this region. It gives an updated picture of the energy transition in the East Asian countries, where the economic growth, as well as CO2 emission growth, is significant.This book focuses not only on the technological perspective of the energy transition but also on the relationship between democracy and energy transition. Readers of this book can understand what kind of international support and pressure is needed to promote the energy transition in this region.Since energy transition is needed not only for combatting climate change but also for the Green Recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, publishing this book is very helpful to promote the Green Recovery and the Green New Deal world-widely.

Wasserstofftechnologien sind ein Schlüssel zur CO2-neutralen Wirtschaft: Sie liefern Lösungen für den weiteren Ausbau einer regenerativen Energieversorgung, für klimaneutrale Industrieprozesse und für nachhaltige Mobilität. Für Deutschland und Europa bedeuten sie eine Chance, industrielle Wertschöpfung zu erhalten, Exportchancen auszubauen und technologische Souveränität zu sichern. In diesem Buch stellt die Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft ihr Wissen und ihre Erfahrung entlang der gesamten Wertschöpfungskette der Wasserstoffwirtschaft vor: von der Material- und Systementwicklung über die Produktion und das Upscaling der Systeme, die Anwendung in Energiewirtschaft, emissionsintensiven Industrieprozessen und Mobilität bis zu den praxisrelevanten Querschnittsthemen Sicherheit, Standardisierung und Lebensdauer.

Der Doktorarbeit liegt die Arbeitshypothese zugrunde, dass es für das Erreichen der Klimaschutzziele Deutschlands im Gebäudesektor der erfolgreichen Integration erneuerbarer Energien in die Wärmeversorgung von Gebäuden bedarf und hierfür die EE-Wärme-Quote als eines der wesentlichen rechtlichen Instrumente weiterentwickelt werden muss. Der Fokus der vorliegenden rechtlichen Betrachtung liegt dabei auf den Regelungen im GEG zum Einsatz von erneuerbaren Energien in Gebäuden.

This book presents both the importance of energy transition and its associated difficulties. Energy Transition, Second Edition, provides an explanation of the physical concepts of energy and power and also reviews global energy consumption and our dependence on energy.The book discusses the links between the economy and energy. It explains the drawbacks and dangers of different energy sources and tries to compare them. By reviewing future energy resources, it evaluates several transition scenarios.The book shows that the laws of physics prevent the emergence of simple, pleasant solutions, but it proposes potential solutions and encourages readers to develop better processes from energy sources to production to consumption.This book will be of interest to engineers and undergraduate and graduate students studying and working in various fields of energy; producers of fossil, gas, oil, coal, electric, renewable, and nuclear energy; and anyone interested in better understanding these fundamental problems for our future.FEATURES Discusses the current issues with energy transition Covers several energy transition scenarios and their associated difficulties Presents the links between economy and energy Highlights the importance of a global discussion of energy Encourages the development of better, improved processes in energy sources from production to consumption

This book comprises state-of-the-art advances in energy, combustion, power, propulsion, environment, focusing on the production and utilization of fossil fuels, alternative fuels and biofuels. It is written by internationally renowned experts who provide the latest fundamental and applied research innovations on cleaner energy production as well as utilization for a wide range of devices extending from micro scale energy conversion to hypersonic propulsion using hydrocarbon fuels. The tailored technical tracks and contributions are portrayed in the respective field to highlight different but complementary views on fuels, combustion, power and propulsion and air toxins with special focus on current and future R&D needs and activities. This book will serve as a useful reference for practicing engineers, research engineers and managers in industry and research labs, academic institutions, graduate students, and final year undergraduate students in mechanical, chemical, aerospace, energy,and environmental engineering.

This revised and updated 3rd edition of the book allows readers to develop a practical understanding of the major aspects of energy. It also includes two new chapters addressing renewable energy, and energy management and economics. The book begins by introducing basic definitions, and then moves on to discuss the primary and secondary energy types, internal energy and enthalpy, and energy balance, heat of reaction and heat transfer. Each chapter features fully solved example problems and practice problems to support learning and the application of the topics discussed, including: energy production and conversion; energy conservation; energy storage; energy coupling; sustainability in energy systems; renewable energy; and energy management and economics. Written for students across a range of engineering and science disciplines, the book provides a comprehensive study guide. It is particularly suitable for courses in energy technology, sustainable energy technologies and energy conversion & management, and offers an ideal reference text for students, engineers, energy researchers and industry professionals.A updated solutions manual to this textbook's problems ais available to course instructors on request from the author and online on www.springer.com.

Energy weaves the tapestry of our lives, and it does so in more ways than we usually recognize. While it is clear that it powers our homes, airplanes, and factories, its overwhelming influence often goes without notice in other areas, from the heartbreak of poverty to the motivation for war. While maintaining its availability has the potential to create jobs and contribute to competitive economies, nonrenewable energy sources are scarring our landscapes, polluting our air, and fouling our water. Understanding how we use energy and what we are willing to do to maintain our access to it can help us prepare for the complex and daunting challenges that linger as we look for alternatives. In The Thread of Energy, Martin J. Pasqualetti homes in on this vital driver of human actions and decisions. He exposes the impact of energy according to multiple scales of measurement and assessment, from everyday applications to global entanglements. The book traces our increasing dependence on Earth's nonrenewable energy resources by comparing lifestyle changes throughout history. Pasqualetti showcases the many ways energy infiltrates communication methods in all its forms (e.g., print, visuals, digital, etc.). The final chapters detail various approaches used by democratic societies looking to lessen their energy usage, including the critical importance of environmentally conscious policymakers. The Thread of Energy treats energy as a social issue with a technical component, rather than the other way around.

This is a comprehensive book on how to make complex decisions on energy systems problems involving different technologies, environmental effects, costs, benefits, risks, and safety issues. Using Industrial and Systems Engineering techniques for decision-making in Energy Systems, the book provides the background knowledge and methods to incorporate multiple criteria involved in solving energy system problems. It offers methods, examples, and case studies illustrating applications. Decision-Making in Energy Systems discusses subjective as well as objective methods, approaches, and techniques taken from the systems and industrial engineering domain and puts them to use in solving energy systems problems. It uses an integrated approach by including effects of all technical, economic, environmental, and safety considerations as well as costs and risks. The book is specially designed for practicing engineers from industrial/systems engineering who work in energy systems engineering industries. Aimed at graduate students, researchers, and managers involved in various energy generating, distributing, and consuming companies, the book helps the reader to understand, evaluate, and decide on solutions to their energy-related problems.

This book explores the relationships between the energy costs and other farm variables in the European Union (including the UK) over a recent period of six years. It examines labour, farm land area, outputs/inputs, investments, assets, taxes, and subsidies in the context of policy measures and the farm structure. The book provides a deep insight into how energy cost and other factors in the farming sector relate to each other and as a result how farm planning can be made more efficient, more environmentally sustainable and more competitive. It will be of interest to policy-makers, governments, researchers and advanced students of economics, policy and the environment.

This textbook provides broad coverage of energy supply and use. It discusses how energy is produced, transformed, delivered to end users, and consumed. The author discusses all of this at an undergraduate level, accessible to students of varying backgrounds. High-level and human-scale perspectives are included. As a high-level example, the book discusses the shares of global primary energy that are provided by oil, gas, coal, hydroelectricity, and renewables, as well as trends in energy consumption and supply over time. Human-scale examples will resonate with readers'every day experiences. The link between economic development and energy consumption is presented, which facilitates understanding of how global energy consumption growth is inevitable as economic development occurs. Coverage includes separate chapters on the oil, natural gas, coal, and electricity sectors. Each of these provides high-level descriptions of the technology involved in the production of that type of energy as well as the processing and transportation that occurs to bring the energy to end users. The book discusses the technological implications of energy transitions such as increased use of renewables or changes in the use of nuclear energy using Germany and Japan as examples. It closes with a discussion of future energy use.

This book introduces current managerial approaches to energy production and energy use. The volume analyses how to manage technological developments that contribute to lowering the price of energy production and also focuses on the impact renewable energy sources that provide continuity in energy production and how to manage it. The book presents studies on the effectiveness of wind, solar, biomass, geothermal and hydroelectric energies and discusses current technological approaches to prevent environmental pollution such as carbon capture and storage. Furthermore, the book includes sustainable economic and financial strategies to use energy more effectively and efficiently. It thus appeals not only to an academic readership but also to energy management professionals working in this field.

This book includes the proceedings of the Sustaining Tomorrow 2020 symposium and summit which bring together research from experts in academia, industry, and policy arenas to uncover the challenges and to forge solutions to sustain tomorrow. To sustain tomorrow, we need to continuously make headway in Agriculture, Engineering, Energy, Environment, Economics, Water, among other necessities. This book disseminates the most recent advances in these fields and promotes collaborations to maximize opportunities for innovative solutions.Though primarily intended to offer an update for experts and researchers in the field, this book is equally useful as a valuable educational tool for relevant undergraduate and graduate courses. Key aspects covered include the better and more responsible engineering and management of energy conversion and conservation processes, the furthering of renewable energy technologies, improvements in water-agriculture nexus and energy-environment-economics relationship, and endorsing education, implementation, and evaluation of all-embracing sustainability.

The book addresses the vital and interwoven areas of energy, environment, and the economy within the field of sustainability research. Fundamental technical details, empirical data, and case studies taking into account local and international perspectives are included. Issues such as energy security, depleting fossil fuel reserves, global warming and climate change, as well as novel energy technologies are covered. The dynamic global response will be discussed from the perspective of policy, technology, and economics.Vital details in the form of text boxes, illustrations, graphs, tables and appendices are included. The book will serve as reference book for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, academics, policy makers, NGOs and developmental sector professionals within the field.

This book analyzes the entire spectrum of energy, from conventional sources to various alternative sources. Historically, the Sun has been viewed as the ultimate source of energy on the Earth. All forms of energy – fossil fuels and renewables alike – owe their existence to the Sun. The book also provides a historical perspective on energy policy over the years. It explains the fundamentals of energy and all related aspects using clear and straightforward language, and will serve as a reference guide for all stakeholders including policymakers, academics, students and world citizens in general.

Die Energieversorgung ist weltweit im Umbruch. Die aktuelle Zufriedenheitsforschung hat neue Wege eröffnet, den Einfluss alternativer Versorgungsstrukturen auf die Lebensqualität zu untersuchen. Relevante Zusammenhänge umfassen einerseits Auswirkungen auf Umwelt und Klima, Sicherheitsrisiken und die von Energieanlagen ausgehenden Belästigungen und andererseits die Verfügbarkeit und Erschwinglichkeit von Energie. Heinz Welsch stellt den Einfluss dieser Faktoren auf das subjektive Wohlergehen anhand der neuesten Forschungsliteratur dar und zieht die Zufriedenheitsforschung für eine vergleichende Bewertung alternativer Versorgungstechnologien heran. ​Der Autor:Dr. Heinz Welsch ist Professor im Ruhestand für Volkswirtschaftslehre an der Universität Oldenburg. Er lehrte Umwelt-, Ressourcen- und Energieökonomik sowie Verhaltensökonomik und veröffentlichte zahlreiche Forschungsarbeiten auf diesen Gebieten.

Modular Systems for Energy and Fuel Recovery and Conversion surveys the benefits of the modular approach in the front end of the energy industry. The book also outlines strategies for managing modular approaches for fossil, renewable, and nuclear energy resource recovery and conversion with the help of successful industrial examples. The book points out that while the modular approach is most applicable for distributed and small-scale energy systems, it is also often used for parts of large-scale centralized systems. With the help of successful industrial examples of modular approaches for energy and fuel recovery and conversion, the book points out the need for more balance between large-scale centralized systems and small-scale distributed systems to serve the energy needs of rural and isolated communities. Coal, oil, natural gas, hydrogen, biomass, waste, nuclear, geothermal solar, wind, and hydro energy are examined, showing that modular operations are very successfully used in all these components of the energy industry.Aimed at academic researchers and industry professionals, this book provides successful examples and analysis of the modular operation for energy and fuel recovery and conversion. It is also a reference for those who are engaged in the development of modular systems for energy and fuel recovery and conversion.

Heterogeneous catalysis plays a central role in the global energy paradigm, with practically all energy-related process relying on a catalyst at a certain point. The application of heterogeneous catalysts will be of paramount importance to achieve the transition towards low carbon and sustainable societies. This book provides an overview of the design, limitations and challenges of heterogeneous catalysts for energy applications. In an attempt to cover a broad spectrum of scenarios, the book considers traditional processes linked to fossil fuels such as reforming and hydrocracking, as well as catalysis for sustainable energy applications such as hydrogen production, photocatalysis, biomass upgrading and conversion of CO2 to clean fuels. Novel approaches in catalysts design are covered, including microchannel reactors and structured catalysts, catalytic membranes and ionic liquids. With contributions from leaders in the field, Heterogeneous Catalysis for Energy Applications will be an essential toolkit for chemists, physicists, chemical engineers and industrials working on energy.

Klimaschutz und Rohstoffwandel erfordern für die Chemie- und Treibstoffindustrie neue, nachhaltige Kohlenstoffquellen. Tatsächlich erreichen Verfahren, die kohlenstoffhaltige Emissions- und Gasströme industriell verwerten, die industrielle Praxis. Sie werden auch in Europa einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Senkung der Kohlenstoff-Emission und für den Einstieg in eine echte Kohlenstoff-Kreislaufwirtschaft leisten.Dieses Buch beschreibt die Grundlagen chemischer und biotechnologischer Verfahren zur Umsetzung von CO und CO2 zu Chemikalien und Treibstoffen und geht auf das Potential für die produzierende Wirtschaft, Industriestandorte und Regionen ein:Welche Emissions- und Gasströme bieten Rohstoffpotential? Welche Verfahren werden bereits implementiert, werden geprüft und sind in Entwicklung?Welche Produkte können aus gasförmigen Kohlenstoffquellen hergestellt werden?Wie können Kohlenstoff abgebende und verbrauchende Industrien zu neuen Wertschöpfungsketten verknüpft werden?Wie sehen die regulatorischen Rahmenbedingungen aus?Wie sieht der ökologische Fußabdruck aus?Wie tragen die neuen Verfahren zur regionalen Wirtschaft bei und unterstützen damit die gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz?

This book offers a comprehensive review of renewable energy sources and optimization strategies in hybrid power systems (HPSs). It analyses the main issues and challenges in the renewable (REW) HPS field, particularly those using fuel cell (FC) systems as their main source of energy. It then offers innovative solutions to these issues, comparing them to solutions currently found in the literature. The book discusses optimization algorithms and energy management strategies. The focus is chiefly on FC net power maximization and fuel economy strategies based on global optimization. The last two chapters discuss energy harvesting from photovoltaic systems and how to mitigate energy variability in REW FC HPS. The main content is supplemented by numerous examples and simulations. Academics, students and practitioners in relevant industrial branches interested in REW HPS finds it of considerable interest, as a reference book or for building their own HPSs based on the examples provided.

This book gathers contributions from a multidisciplinary research team comprised of control engineering and economics researchers and formed to address a central interdisciplinary social issue, namely economically enabled energy management. The book's primary focus is on achieving optimal energy management that is viable from both an engineering and economic standpoint. In addition to the theoretical results and techniques presented, several chapters highlight experimental case studies, which will benefit academic researchers and practitioners alike. The first three chapters present comprehensive overviews of respective social contexts, underscore the pressing need for economically efficient energy management systems and academic work on this emerging research topic, and identify fundamental differences between approaches in control engineering and economics. In turn, the next three chapters (Chapters 4–6) provide economics-oriented approaches to the subject. The following five chapters (Chapters 7–11) address optimal energy market design, integrating both physical and economic models. The book's last three chapters (Chapters 12–14) mainly focus on the engineering aspects of next-generation energy management, though economic factors are also shown to play important roles.

This book brings together the state-of-the-art in energy and resources research. It covers wind, solar, hydro and geothermal energy, as well as more conventional power generation technologies, such as internal combustion engines. Related areas of research such as the environmental sciences, carbon dioxide emissions, and energy storage are also addressed.

This book is devoted to CO2 capture and utilization (CCU) from a green, biotechnological and economic perspective, and presents the potential of, and the bottlenecks and breakthroughs in converting a stable molecule such as CO2 into specialty chemicals and materials or energy-rich compounds. The use of renewable energy (solar, wind, geothermal, hydro) and non-fossil hydrogen is a must for converting large volumes of CO2 into energy products, and as such, the authors explore and compare the availability of hydrogen from water using these sources with that using oil or methane. Divided into 13 chapters, the book offers an analysis of the conditions under which CO2 utilization is possible, and discusses CO2 capture from concentrated sources and the atmosphere. It also analyzes the technological (non-chemical) uses of CO2, carbonation of basic minerals and industrial sludge, and the microbial-catalytic-electrochemical-photoelectrochemical-plasma conversion of CO2 into chemicals and energy products. Further, the book provides examples of advanced bioelectrochemical syntheses and RuBisCO engineering, as well as a techno-energetic and economic analysis of CCU. Written by leading international experts, this book offers a unique perspective on the potential of the various technologies discussed, and a vision for a sustainable future. Intended for graduates with a good understanding of chemistry, catalysis, biotechnology, electrochemistry and photochemistry, it particularly appeals to researchers (in academia and industry) and university teachers.

This book discusses the biorefinery of biomass feedstocks. In-depth chapters highlight the scientific and technical aspects and present a techno-economic analysis of such systems. By using a TEA approach, the authors present feasible pathways for the conversion of biomass (both residual biomass, energy crops, and algae biomass), showing the different possibilities for the production of biochemical materials, biofuels, and fertilizers. The concepts presented in this book will link companies, investors, and governments by providing a framework that will help reduce pollutants and create a biomass-related economy that incorporates the newest developments and technologies in the area.

Polygeneration with Polystorage: For Energy and Chemicals addresses the problem of both traditional and dispersed generation with a broad, multidisciplinary perspective. As the first book to thoroughly focus on the topic of polygeneration, users will find the problem presented from different scientific and technical domains down to both macro and micro levels. Detailed analyses and state-of-the-art developments in specific fields are included, focusing on storage in conventional energy supply chains and demand-side renewable polygeneration systems, management advice and the necessary market mechanisms needed to support them. This reference is useful for academics and professionals in conventional and unconventional energy systems. Includes an outlined framework towards polygeneration and polystorage down to both micro and macro levels Contains fluid and continuous chapters that provide detailed analysis and a review of the state-of-the-art developments in specific fields Addresses the wider global view of research advancement and potential in the role of polygeneration and polystorage in the move toward sustainability

Wind energy is often framed as a factor in rural economic development, an element of the emerging “green economy” destined to upset the dominant greenhouse- gas-emitting energy industry and deliver conscious capitalism to host communities. The bulk of wind energy firms, however, are subsidiaries of the same fossil fuel companies that wrought havoc in shale-gas and coal-mining towns from rural Appalachia to the Great Plains. On its own, wind energy development does not automatically translate into community development. In Governing the Wind Energy Commons, Keith Taylor asks whether revenue generated by wind power can be put to community well-being rather than corporate profit. He looks to the promising example of rural electric cooperatives, owned and governed by the 42 million Americans they serve, which generate $40 billion in annual revenue. Through case studies of a North Dakota wind energy cooperative and an investor-owned wind farm in Illinois, Taylor examines how regulatory and social forces are shaping this emerging energy sector. He draws on interviews with local residents to assess strategies for tipping the balance of power away from absentee-owned utilities.