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Animal Toxins is a collection of papers that tackles the advancement in studies that aim to enhance the contemporary understanding of animal toxins. The materials in the text are organized according to the organism they cover. The first section tackles the concerns with venomous arthropods, such as the structure of the venom gland of the black widow spider Latrodectus mactans and the biochemical-immunochemical aspects of the venom from the scorpion Centruroides sculpturatus. Next, articles about poisonous marine animals are presented, which include differentiation of the poisons of fish, shellfish, and plankton and block of sensory nerve conduction in the cat by mussel poison and tetrodotoxin. In Section III, the selection reviews papers about snakes and amphibians, such as epidemiological methods in studying venomous snakebites and chemistry of cytotoxic substances in amphibian toxins. The book will be of great interest to toxicologists, zoologists, and biochemists.

The Entomology of Radiation Disinfestation of Grain presents how the irradiation process can fit into the handling techniques of that industry with a minimum of disturbance of normal procedures. The book presents papers on the susceptibility of the grain and rice weevils, Sitophilus granarius (L.) and Sitophilus zeamais to gamma radiation; the susceptibility of laboratory and wild strains of the grain weevil Sitophilus granarius to Gamma Radiation; and the influence of temperature upon the radiation susceptibility of Sitophilus granaries. The text also includes papers on the effects of continuous and fractionated doses of gamma radiation on the survival and fertility of Sitophilus granarius; the effect of culture environment on the susceptibility of Sitophilus granarius to gamma radiation; and the control of weevil populations with sterilizing and substerilizing doses of gamma radiation. The effect of rearing medium on the susceptibility of Tribolium confusum Duv. and sitophilus granarius to gamma radiation; and the susceptibility of the confused flour beetle, the rust-red flour beetle, the saw-toothed grain beetle, and of Australian strains of Sitophilus and Tribolium species to gamma radiation are also considered. Entomologists will find the book useful.

Ultrastructure of Protein Fibers covers the papers presented at a symposium of the 19th annual meeting of the Electron Microscope Society of America, held at the Pittsburgh Hilton Hotel in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on August 21, 1961. The book focuses on the composition, characteristics, properties, and reactions of protein fibers. The selection first offers information on some essential aspects of protein fiber research, including the elucidation of the fundamental ultra-architecture of proteins in general; identification of the biological role played by fibrous proteins in living organisms; and the use of protein fibers as a natural resource in the form of raw materials and finished products. The manuscript then examines the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of protein fibers, collagen, and keratins. The text takes a look at some aspects of the ultrastructure of bacterial flagella and feather keratin and fibrous protein systems in muscles. Topics include possible change in myofilament structure underlying the catch function; physiological functions of the fibrous proteins of muscles; organization of the fibrous proteins in muscles; and other functions of fibrous proteins in muscles. The selection is a valuable reference for researchers interested in the ultrastructure of protein fibers.

Weather Economics presents the papers and discussions at a symposium held at the Welsh Plant Breeding Station on March 13, 1968. The book discusses the cost of British weather; the effect of the weather on farm organization and farm management; and the weather and machinery work-days. The text also describes the basic frost, irrigation and degree-day data for planning purpose; the variations in the marginal value of agricultural labor due to weather factors; and the areal patterns in the value of early potato production in Southwest Wales in 1967. The weather and risk in forestry, as well as the use of cost/benefit studies in the interpretation of probability forecasts for agriculture and industry are also encompassed.

Conformation of Biopolymers, Volume 2 provides information pertinent to proteins, polypeptides, and polysaccharides. This book discusses the development in the studies on collagen and related polypeptides. Organized into three parts encompassing 24 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the structure of polyglycine II with chains running in opposite directions as indicated by the existence of lamellar crystals in electron microscopy. This text then explores the capability of various polypeptides to form the collagen fold. Other chapters consider the effect of pyrrolidine residues on the helix–coil transitions of different native collagens and cross-linked single chain gelatins. This book discusses as well the results of hydrodynamic experiments on native amylose. The final chapter deals with X-ray and electron microscope studies, which are described for two principal types of chitin–protein complex found in insect cuticles. This book is a valuable resource for physicists, biophysicists, crystallographers, and research workers.

Energy-Linked Functions of Mitochondria presents the developments in the area of energy-linked functions of mitochondria. This book covers three general topics, namely, the generation, the transfer, and the utilization of reducing power. Organized into three parts encompassing 16 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the various steps involved in the combined electron and energy transfer reactions that lead to the generation of high-energy intermediates. This text then examines the effect of atracytloside and oligomycin on oxidative phosphorylation in submitochondrial particles. Other chapters consider a detailed review of the succinate-linked DPN reduction in submitochondrial particles. This book discusses as well the concept of energy-linked reversal of electron transport from reduced cytrochome c to pyridine nucleotide. The final chapter deals with the transient activation of respiration of tightly coupled mitochondria by adding low concentrations of calcium. This book is a valuable resource for scientists who are interested in energy-linked processes in mitochondria.

Dynamics of Development: Experiments and Inferences provides an understanding of the dynamic order of living systems. This book presents a methodical approach to the unrestricted exploration of all the aspects that a living system offers, which is evaluated logically through experiment and inference. Organized into five parts encompassing 24 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the adaptive features of the nervous system. This text then examines the molecular control of cellular activity. Other chapters focus on resolving the fragments of the chemical endowment of the cell. This book discusses as well the mechanisms of respiration and photosynthesis, which have been connected with arrays of macromolecular complexes in definite sequential order. The final chapter deals with the fundamental principle of neural intercommunication. This book is a valuable resource for biochemists, biologists, zoologists, neurophysiologists, and scientists. Students and research workers interested in the dynamic order of living systems will also find this book useful.

The Role of Water in Agriculture focuses on the role of water in British agriculture. This book discusses the growing importance of hydrological science and agricultural hydrology. Organized into 14 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the problems of accurate rainfall measurement and its importance to agriculture. This text then presents a comprehensive study of the sources of error in agricultural water budgets. Other chapters consider the progress reports on two catchment studies and a report on the effect of agricultural treatments on water availability in the soil. This book discusses as well the sediment yields from forested and agricultural lands on an international basis. The final chapter deals with a summary of the discussions with conclusions and implications. This book is a valuable resource for hydrologists, geographers, meteorologists, agricultural scientists, applied biologists, plant physiologists, and pedologists. Engineers, administrators, and advisers will also find this book useful.

Avian Biology, Volume III is a collection of articles that deals with the biology of birds such as their peripheral endocrine glands and reproductive system. One paper describes the avian reproductive system where physiological mechanisms that regulate gametogenesis get synchronized from stimuli in the environment, thus ensuring that the young are born at the appropriate season. Another paper correlates the morphology of the pituitary cells with the functions of the pituitary from physiological and chemical analyses. A couple of papers describes the peripheral endocrine glands and the process of neuroendocrinology that includes detailed analyses of the neurosecretory system anatomy and the ependymal function in the median eminence composed of the anterior and posterior divisions. One author describes the structure and refraction of avian vision, as well as the probable determination of visual pigments in the eye cones through in situ microspectrophotometry. The book then analyzes bird behavior through functional groups of bird activities. Bird enthusiasts, zoologists, and avian biologists will find this book interesting and informative.

Avian Biology, Volume II is a collection of papers that deals with the biology of birds such as their integumentary and respiratory systems. One paper describes the integument of birds that includes the skin, feathers, pterylosis, skin muscles, and other integumentary derivatives such as beaks, comb, claws, and spurs. The book explains the process of molting and the different generations of feathers; such molting is dependent on the wear and tear of the plumage, as well as hormonal changes. One author compares the blood vascular system of birds and mammals, and then gives a detailed description of avian hematology. Other papers deal with the respiratory functions, digestive system, and the nutritional needs of birds. Of interest is one author's description of the production of nutritive fluids, holocrine, which is secreted for the young. This secreted fluid contains about 23 percent protein, 10 percent fat, and no sugar. Unlike mammalian milk, it also contains cells. Another paper examines the intermediary metabolism of birds and the climatic effects on metabolism. This book is suitable for bird enthusiasts, zoologists, and avian biologists.

International Review of Connective Tissue Research, Volume 3 is a collection of papers that deals with the histochemisty of connective tissues. One paper reviews the histochemistry of connective tissues, including fibrous components such as collagen, reticulum, cellulose fibers, elastic fibers. Connective tissues known as osteoblasts and odontoblasts produce bone/cartilage and teeth. One author examines the biochemistry and pathology of the connective tissue of the periodontium that is related to periodontal disease. He also examines the role of oral bacteria in the pathogenesis of periodontitis; he concludes that bacterial enzymes can increase permeability for other bacterial types to directly elicit inflammation. One author analyzes the physical chemistry of gelatin and gelatin transition. He concludes that the rate of fold formation and the stability of the fold-units on single-chain gelatins and on multichain gelatins depend on the relative effectiveness of ions. Single-chain gelatins have the highest rate of network junction point formation; multichain gelatins, with enhanced cyclic junction point formation, have less network-forming properties. Cellular biologists, pathologists, physiologists, gerontologists, and researchers in gene therapy, pharmacology, micro- or molecular chemistry will find this book highly informative.

International Review of Connective Tissue Research, Volume 2 is a collection of papers that deals with the morphological background, physiological, and pathological aspects of studies done on connective tissues. One paper discusses the precipitation of collagen fibers from solution — that fibrils form in vitro and in vivo by similar mechanisms. Another paper examines the importance of elastic tissues in the reactions of connective tissue including diseases of the vascular and pulmonary systems. As simple as elastic tissues appear to be, these can be models in studies of the basic structure and function of other more complicated tissues. One author discusses the physiology of the connective tissues of the reproductive tract; he concludes that defects in the connective tissue functions can cause failure in ovulation or the formation of cystic ovaries. Other authors discuss the diseases of collagen and related tissues (rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematous, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis), as well as the aging process. One author analyzes the role of collagen fibers in aging: whether factors exist that causes cross-linking or ester cross-links or the dissolution of the collagen macromolecule associated with the aging of collagen. This book can prove helpful for molecular or cellular biologists, pathologists, physiologists, gerontologists, and researchers in gene therapy, pharmacology or micro-chemistry.

Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers: 7 is a collection of papers dealing with horse nutrition and ruminant nutrition. This collection of papers is divided in four parts. Part 1 deals with the evaluation of the dietary needs of ruminants, finding the need to replace their feeding systems by replacing the starch equivalent system with the metabolizable energy system. Feed and energy value calculation are likewise explained where metabolizable energy (ME) is shown to be easily calculated with reference to the Agricultural Research Council system and later analyses. Observations on the efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy in meat and milk follow, as feeding not only involves the efficient use of energy from the feed but also of nutritional contents and composition of the feed. Practical application and calculation are then discussed to achieve best practices. In Parts 2 and 3, the evaluation of the dietary energy for pigs, poultry nutrition, food intake of practice broilers and laying fowl, and formulation problems are discussed. Part 4 discusses horse nutrition with detailed descriptions of the anatomy of the digestive tract, digestion and absorption of nutrients, and the horses'protein requirement. Energy requirements for the maintenance, growth, and reproduction of the horse using calculations based on the National Research Council basal allowance is discussed. Students and professors of veterinary medicine, stable owners, horse feed manufacturers, horse enthusiasts and equestrians will find this volume helpful.

Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers: 8 is a collection of papers that discusses world protein supplies, protein nutrition of farm livestock, alternative sources of protein, problems of amino- acid availability, and the use of synthetic amino-acids. Several papers deal with non-protein nitrogen as an alternative nitrogen source, the nutritive value of silages, and the use of dried grass or processed straw in ruminant feeding. One paper evaluates the protein and amino-acid requirements of poultry, pigs, and ruminants. Another paper examines the reduced availability of amino-acid in some batches of feeding stuffs and notes that the problem has been approached by correcting low estimates and the adoption of improved manufacturing practices. One paper points out the possibility of producing all the amino acids required for feedstock either synthetically or by fermentation, but the animal feed industry will be interested only in methionine and lysine. The paper also notes that France can save almost a quarter of its protein imports by adopting a generalized use of lysine and a better use of methionine. The collection will prove valuable to agriculturists, food technologists, bio-chemists, veterinarians, economists, livestock owners, and scientists involved in livestock food production or research.

Energy Metabolism and the Regulation of Metabolic Processes in Mitochondria contains papers presented at the 1972 symposium on metabolic regulation, held at the University of Nebraska Medical School in Omaha, Nebraska. The contributors provide alternative views and ideas in some aspects of metabolic regulation directly concerned with mitochondrial function. Separating 16 papers into chapters, this book first discusses the general aspects of control of the biological energy regulation and the kinetic and thermodynamic control of mitochondrial electron transport and energy coupling. It then covers significant topics on citric acid cycle, including its replenishment and depletion; anion transport and regulation; dynamics and substrate compartmentation; and feedback control. Other chapters examine the mechanisms of gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, redox reaction, and phosphorylation in the mitochondria. Discussions on hormonal regulation of selected enzyme system directly related to mitochondrial function are provided in the concluding chapters. Biochemists, physiologists, pharmacologists, physicians, researchers, and all others interested in the concepts of mitochondrial function will find this book of great value.

Avian Biology is a collection of papers that deals with biological aspects of birds such as their classification and habitat behavior. One paper reviews how birds are classified through practical systematics, study of fossils, and some of the problems encountered in the arrangement of major groups. Another paper discusses the origin and evolution of birds from their reptilian predecessors to their current evolutionary rates. Evolutionary rates vary depending on access to new habitats; if the environment is static, evolutionary rates can also slow down. One author discusses the inter-relations of sea birds with their marine environment, including coastal areas and the biological properties of the surface water. Another author describes the biology of desert birds relating to nomadism behavior and physical adaptations especially to the arid environment. The author also describes the cooling mechanism of these desert birds. Another paper evaluates the ecological aspect of behavior that includes foraging, habitat selection, mating, and flocking cohesion. Avian biologists, zoologists, and readers who have a general interest in birds will find this book useful.

Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates, Volume I: Acoelomate and Pseudocoelomate Metazoans is a collection of papers that deals with the evolution of reproductive mechanisms and behavior in marine invertebrates. This collection starts with terminologies and basic events in marine invertebrate reproduction, including the method of estimating sexual reproductive activity, as well as the timing and patterns involved. The book notes that temperatures, salinities, or food availability should be favorable when the young are produced and when they are developing. One paper shows that the reproductive rhythm is dynamic and in some species is latitude-dependent. Other papers discuss the reproductive cycles of different marine invertebrates such as the Porifera, Cnidaria, Nemertinea, and Nematoda. These papers include topics on asexual reproduction, regeneration, sexual reproduction, and development, and then explain in detail the development of certain invertebrates from their kinorhynchs state (embryonic), to the molting stages, juvenile stages, then to adulthood. This book can be useful for marine biologists, marine ecologists, and students involved in marine biological and physical sciences.

Methods of Animal Experimentation, Volume V: Nutrition, Aging, and Artificial Organs is a collection of papers that deals with methods to be used in animal experiments to achieve cost effectiveness in their use. This collection discusses laboratory animals used in different experiments such as in nutritional research, aging studies, and artificial organ research. The papers describe the species of animals appropriate for the kind of experiment to be conducted and the criteria that should be followed in choosing a certain species. These criteria include their growth rate, stage of development, as well as existing performance variations. In determining test animals for aging experiments, the book recommends that complete data be available on the genetics of the species, strain, diet history, environmental factors, breeding, and spontaneous diseases to approximate the best test results. The book addresses that the aged are more susceptible to inputs than the young in terms of morphological and functional age. In selecting test animals for artificial organ research, the book notes the importance of animal selection that will be determined, for example, by 1) the size of the prosthesis; 2) the amount of blood flow needed for the device differs in animals and man; and 3) the surgical techniques that will be employed. This book will prove helpful for laboratory workers, veterinarians, and technicians working with laboratory animals. This collection will also be appreciated by researchers designing medical and scientific tests.

Biosynthesis of Aromatic Compounds is a collection of papers from the Proceedings of the Second Meeting of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies in Vienna, on April 21-24, 1965. This volume is based on lectures given at the symposium and covers the studies made on the biosynthesis of aromatic compounds. The first part discusses the biosynthetic intermediates in polyketide biosynthesis in connection with the biosynthesis of fatty acids; it also notes the biosynthesis of coumarins that form from derivatives of carbohydrate metabolism. Other results concerning the biosynthesis of benzoic acids and on compounds such as substituted benzaldehydes and benzylalcohols are presented. Another paper shows that when species of mycobacteria are grown under iron-deficient conditions, salicylic acid can be produced. The second part focuses on studies made on the biosynthesis of aromatic compounds that contain hetero atoms. The formation of aromatic systems in alkaloids and the biosynthesis of some alkaloids based on aromatic precursors are analyzed. The book explains that some flavor compounds such as mustard oils are the product of enzymatic hydrolysis of thioglucosides, and then notes that the biogenetic schemes of Mentzer et al. concerning another study are not suitable as working hypotheses. This collection can be read profitably by chemists, biochemists, and academicians involved in aromatic compound researches.

Protides of the Biological Fluids is a compendium of papers presented at the XIX Colloquium held at Bruges in 1971. It focuses on three main topics: lipoproteins, proteins, and protein catabolism. The main section of this book contains 60 papers discussing the composition, structure, synthesis, genetics, and function of lipoproteins. Another section is devoted to dielectric relaxation, fluorescence depolarization and determination of protein structure. The final section discusses protein catabolism and the applications of immunoelectrophoresis to protein quantitation. Students and scientists looking for an extensive reference on protein chemistry will find this book invaluable.

Data Acquisition and Processing in Biology and Medicine, Volume 3, documents the proceedings of the 1963 conference at the University of Rochester. The volume begins with the keynote address of the Frank W. McKee of the University of Rochester Medical Center that focused on the issue of continuing education, and the keynote address of Max A. Woodbury, Professor of Experimental Neurology, New York University Medical School, about the impact of biological computation. This is followed by the papers presented during the six sessions held during the conference. Session I contains papers on the value of computers to physicians and hospitals. Session II deals with on computer diagnosis. Session III is devoted to computer applications in psychiatry and psychophysiology. Session IV focuses on information retrieval. Session V covers the potential and limitations of computer processing and analysis. Session VI includes studies on modeling and pattern recognition. Transcripts of discussions of the papers presented during each session are also provided.

Reproduction: Molecular, Subcellular, and Cellular is a collection of papers presented at the Twenty-Fourth Symposium of The Society for Developmental Biology, held at Carleton, Minnesota in June 1965. The papers in the compendium focus on the clarification and definition of specific aspects of reproduction at different levels of biological organization. Topics discussed include the transcription and translation of genes; interactions between plant viruses and host cells; chromosome reproduction in mitosis and meiosis; cell and tissue interactions in the reproduction of cell type; and aging as a consequence of growth cessation. Biologists, microbiologists, and cytologists will find the book insightful.

Population and the New Biology contains the papers presented at the 10th annual Symposium of the Eugenics Society and is the third publication in a trilogy on the general theme of''population''. Organized into 13 chapters, separating the papers presented at the symposium, the book begins by discussing the production of living things by relevant methods. It also explains how to identify and care for illness and disability within a span of life, and possibilities for increasing the span, itself. It also talks about the biological nature of, and problems of controlling, common fatal diseases. The future of oral contraceptives, technology for voluntary sterilization, methods of early termination of pregnancy, and the population policies in the developing countries are shown as well. Lastly, the genetic implications, problems, and legal approaches to the “new biology” are given. This book will fill an important gap in the literature on the implications for population structure and growth of those advances that is known as the''new biology''.

The Provision and Use of Library and Documentation Services is a collection of papers that deals with library interdependent considerations of use and service. One paper discusses the value, organization, and exploitation of trade literature, citing the importance of maintaining a file of trade catalogues to narrow the gap between industrial activity and academic research. Another paper reports a high library membership (80% - 100%) on a survey of library provision and services in four correctional institutions in London. The author notes that professional advice should also be available to help the prisoner read effectively. One author reviews the library services for undergraduates particularly problems of inadequate services and facilities. Other authors discuss the pattern of borrowing in several libraries which generalizes the borrowing behavior of academic communities, such as the rising levels of foreign language and'off-subject'borrowing. Of interest is one author's analysis of the way scientists use libraries in terms of finding information, reading, and use of facilities. His conclusion: scientists have no clear-cut opinion on the best method of acquiring information. This book is suitable for librarians, administrators of private or public library systems, for students and academicians in the field of library science.

The Interpretation of Ulstrastructure is a collection of papers dealing with techniques in ulstrastructural research such as in fixation, reversed staining, ultrastructure in embryos and in plants, control of observations by light microscopy, and cytochemistry at the electron microscope level. One paper describes various fixatives used on rat liver tissue including a standard osmium tetroxide solution, pure melted osmium tetroxide, and strong osmium tetroxide solutions in carbon tetrachloride. Another paper points out that the use of electron micrographs of the cell nucleus and chromosomes should include approaches to chromosome analysis. For the investigator studying the three dimensional organization of chromosomes, his approaches should include classical cytology and cytogenetics, chemical and cytochemical studies on nuclei, as well as chemical and physical analysis of nucleic acid and nucleoprotein molecules. Several papers discuss the study of natural and artificial DNA-plasma by thin sections, an assessment of negative staining techniques for revealing ultrastructure, and other approaches in the study of biological ultrastructure by high-resolution electron microscopy. The collection will benefit microbiologists, biotechnologists, and academicians connected with the biological sciences.

Blood Transfusion is a compendium of papers that deals on development made in blood transfusion and serology. One author reviews the history of blood transfusion from the dawn of human history until Dr. Thomas Sprat discovered an ideal method in 1657. One paper discusses the indications for blood transfusion such as acute hemorrhage, traumatic shock, thermal burns, surgical shock, or intestinal obstruction. Another author describes the possible complications that may arise from blood transfusion. These complications include hemolytic reactions, simple febrile reactions, allergic or anaphylactoid reactions. One paper describes the different blood groups: ABO, MN, P and other human red-cell agglutinogens, RH, and the Human Blood Group Substances. In administering blood transfusion, one author points that an adequate prescribed volume of compatible blood at the correct speed and temperature should be administered with little stress on the part of the patient. Other authors discuss blood transfusion in infants, blood storage, the use of blood derivatives and blood substitutes, as well as the structure of a well-organized hospital blood transfusion department. This book can be helpful for hospital and clinical health services workers, students of nursing or medicine, as well as persons undergoing training in first aid and emergency procedures.

Photophysiology: Current Topics in Photobiology and Photochemistry, Volume VIII is a collection of papers that discusses the photobiological phenomena of plants. This collection presents comparative studies on photosynthesis blending at the molecular, cellular, and plant levels. Some papers also analyze the photosynthesis in the green algae by using genetic methods, as well as the physical separation of photosynthetic system I from system II. One paper discusses the role of cation fluxes in chloroplast activity, including the measurement of ion fluxes in organelle suspensions. Another paper investigates the inter-relationships of photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation in a photosynthetic bacteria. One paper reviews the electrical activities of individual cells and describes the techniques of recording evoked potentials or the minute electrical signals produced from sensory stimuli that are recordable from electrodes attached on the human scalp. One paper considers the inhibitory effects of blue light and near-ultraviolet radiation on the growth and respiration of some organisms. Bio-chemists, photobiologists, photochemists, and researchers involved in plant biology and photophysiology will find this volume highly informative and challenging.

Primate Behavior: Developments in Field and Laboratory Research, Volume 2, features a collection of papers that points toward the significance and efficacy of the interspecific and interenvironmental comparative approaches to the study of primate behavior. Continuing the general theme of the series, this volume combines a number of papers varying in scope and focus, ranging from extensive individual studies to comprehensive review. It allows workers from a variety of biological disciplines to obtain a more substantial grasp of primate behavior. The book contains five chapters and begins with a study on the behavior of rhesus macaques in several locales in India, providing substantial new material on the behavior of these species in ecological context. This is followed by separate chapters that present comparative studies of the behavior of Callicebus and Saimiri in field and laboratory settings of varying types; experiments on communication of affect in monkeys; and a review of behavior involved in parturition throughout the primate order.

Oxygen in the Animal Organism is a compilation of papers presented during the symposium on Oxygen in the Animal Organism, jointly sponsored by the International Union of Biochemistry and the International Union of Physiological Sciences, held at Bedford College, London in September 1963. The book provides a multidisciplinary approach to the study of the subject of oxygen in the animal organism. The papers presented cover a wide range of facts and hypotheses on the subject. Topics discussed include studies in the transport of oxygen; the fundamental physics and chemistry of oxygen; the diffusion of oxygen from the capillaries to the mitochondria; the neural and humoral components to the regulation of ventilation; and the evolution of biochemical pathways for oxygen. Biologists, biochemists, biophysicists, physiologists, and researchers will find the text informative and insightful.

Birds: Brain and Behavior is a collection of papers that discusses brain-behaviors problems concentrating on the bird's complex and well-integrated central nervous system. This collection reviews the theoretical and methodological problems concerning comparative studies of bird behavior in a brain-behavior relationship. The book explains the structural organization of the avian brain including the spinal cord and the general ascending/descending patterns of sensory projections. One paper analyzes the hearing and vocalization in songbirds that are composed of the auditory mechanisms, as well as the vocalization and audition systems. A study by Falls (1963) notes that songbirds use more than one type of auditory cue for species recognition. Another paper present brain stimulation parameters that affect bird vocalization. Other papers examine the neural basis of avian discrimination and reversal learning, memory disruptions by brain perturbation, and the behavioral and physiological correlations between the sleep and awake states. This book will prove useful for avian biologists, zoologists, and readers who have a general interest in birds.

The Biology of Animal Viruses, Second Edition deals with animal viruses focusing on molecular biology and tumor virology. The book reviews the nature, chemical composition, structure, and classification of animal viruses. The text also describes the methods of isolating animal viruses, how these are grown in the laboratory, assayed, purified, and used in biochemical experiments. The book also describes the structure and chemistry of many known viruses such as the papovaviridae, herpes virus, poxvirus, coronavirus, or the Bunyamwera supergroup. The book then explains the structure and function of the animal cell including the cytoplasmic organelles, the nucleus, inhibitors of cell function, and viral multiplication. Other papers discuss in detail the multiplication of the DNA and RNA viruses, whose mechanisms of multiplication differ from those of other viruses. Other papers discuss the known prevention and treatment methods of viral diseases, as well as the epidemiology and evolution of viral diseases resulting from human's disturbance of the biosphere and from medical and experimental innovations. The text can prove useful for immunologists, veterinarians, virologists, molecular researchers, students, and academicians in the field of cellular microbiology and virology.

Proceedings of a Conference on Radiobiology at the Intra-Cellular Level provides the papers presented during the first U.C.L.A. Conference on Radiobiology, held at Catalina Island in September 1957. The compendium is comprised of research papers from a diverse group of scientists that explore the phenomena which take place in irradiated cells. The topics covered during the meeting include the radio sensitivity of the model cell; the chemical action of ionizing radiations and radiobiological effects; the sensitivity of different cells in the same organism; and the interactions between cells and tissues following radiation. Radiobiologists, cytologists, and biophysicists will find the book very insightful.

Symposia of the Society for the Study of Human Biology, Volume 9: Human Ecology in the Tropics covers papers related to the impact of human on the natural ecosystems in tropical countries. The volume presents papers about the operation of typical plant-soil systems in relation to human activity in West Africa; the interrelationships of habitat, economy, and society among three Guiana people; tropical health; and the use and production of tropical food potentials. The book also describes papers about the ecology of African schistosomiasis, as well as the interaction between the trypanosome-tsetse-wild fauna ecosystem and the surrounding human communities of southern Busoga in Uganda. The volume concludes by discussing the development of young children in a West African village. Ecologists and biologists will find the book invaluable.

Carotenoids Other Than Vitamin A-III represents the plenary lectures presented at the Third International Symposium on Carotenoids other than Vitamin A held at Cluj, Romania in September 1972. The book is a collection of lecture papers on a wide range of topic concerning carotenoids. Several papers deal with such topics as carotene biosynthesis in fungi, studies of carotenoid biosynthesis in bacteria, and an investigation of the violaxanthin cycle. The text also contains research papers focusing on photoregulated carotenoid biosynthesis in non-photosynthetic microorganisms, structure of carotenoids, and studies on carotenoids and related compounds. Chemists and pharmacologists will find the book insightful and interesting.

Intracellular Transport is a collection of papers that examines the processes of and the mechanisms underlying intracellular transport. One paper describes that all active transport processes in the amoeba are intracellular and depend on dynamic transformations of membrane into cytoplasm, and of cytoplasm into membrane. Another paper discusses the kinetics of membrane transport, of which the phenomena of counterflow can become a'mobile carrier'system. The paper notes that the specific transport properties of membranes are conferred by the proteins of the surfaces that are grouped as macromolecular complexes, probably similar to those of enzymes. One paper describes the concept of parametric pumping, an oscillation-driven separation process, as a possible model for active transport in biological cells. Another paper compares the fine-scale diffusion effects that happen in a mixture without large-scale concentration gradients and where the effect are on a large scale. The homogenous kinetic law can be used in the large-scale situation; the law already can account for any of the fine-scale diffusion effects. The paper notes that without large-scale concentration gradients, the transport event is from a local region to a nearby reaction site only. Where the effects are on a large scale, the diffusion results in a gross transport of over distances larger than molecular dimensions. This collection can prove useful for mathematicians, cellular biologists, physical chemists, physiologists, electron microscopicists, geneticists, and engineers.

All Heal contains a selection of the articles of more general interest that were published in The Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine since 1957. The editors have chosen no more than one paper from any individual author. This book features 17 medical and social miscellany articles. The topics covered by these papers include the evolution on teaching-hospital physicians in Great Britain, the relation between crime and the British penal system, the conflict between drug control and therapeutic freedom and the academic and economic freedom of British universities. This book will be of interest to persons dealing with studies on medical and social history of Great Britain since1957.

Venomous Animals and Their Venoms, Volume II: Venomous Vertebrates is a collection of papers that describes the chemistry and biochemistry of snake, batrachian, and fish venoms. These papers discuss their pharmacological actions, their antigenic properties, and their medical aspects such as symptomatology and therapy. Papers describe the pharmacology and toxicology of the venoms of Asiatic, Australian, and Melanesian snakes including the cobra, the common Krait, the saw-scaled viper. One paper presents the pathology, symptomatology, treatment of snake bites in Australia, and the use of an antivenin schedule when the type of snake is not known. Some papers tackle the distribution of snakes in North America, and compare the biochemistry of Miliarius barbouri and Sistrurus catenatus which are subspecies of rattlesnakes. Other papers describe the biology and venom of the Arizona Gila monster and of the Mexican Gila monster. The basic substances in toad venom are from bases present in the glands, their secretions or on their skin. In treating stings from venomous fishes, one paper recommends the use of suction to remove the venom or soaking the injured part in hot water. This collection can be helpful for physicians, veterinarians, toxicologists, pharmacologists, chemists, and researchers in animal bites and injuries.

Control of Insect Behavior by Natural Products presents papers on new biochemical approaches to pest control. The book presents articles on pheromone research with stored-product Coleoptera; some general considerations of insects responses to the chemicals in food plants; and pheromones of the honey bee. The text also includes papers on several substances responsible for the feeding behavior and growth of the silkworm larva; the sensory responses of Phytophagus lepidoptera to chemical and tactile stimuli; and the use of volatile organic sulfur compounds as insect attractants with special reference to host selection. Insect anti-feedants in plants; a house fly attractant in the mushroom; and studies on sex pheromones of the stored grain moths are also considered. The book also demonstrates articles on the electrophysiological investigation of insect olfaction; and host attractants for the rice weevil and the cheese mite. Entomologists, biologists, chemists, and people involved in the research of pest control will find the book invaluable.

Fish in Research comprised of papers presented at a symposium entitled''Fish in Research''sponsored by the University of South Dakota in Vermillion. The purpose of the symposium was to ask those directly involved in research on fish,''What unique information of biochemical and physiological processes can be gained by using fish as experimental animals?''The book presents the environment aspects of neoplasia in fishes; experimental fish neoplasia; and the comparative aspects of neoplasia in fish and other laboratory animals. The text also includes papers on the control of cholesterol synthesis in normal malignant tissue; the biochemical aspects of salt; and steroidogenesis in fish. Papers on the lipid catabolism in fish muscle; the contrasts between fish and warm blooded vertebrates in enzymes systems of intermediary metabolism; and quantitative inheritance and environmental response of rainbow trout are also considered. The book further tackles the blood groups in salmonid fishes; ontogeny of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes in trout; and amino acid and protein requirements of fish. The text also looks into the inorganic salt effects on growth; salt water adaption; and gill ATPase of pacific salmon. Zoologists and scientists involved in fisheries research will find the book invaluable.

Chemical and Biological Aspects of Pyridoxal Catalysis contains the proceedings of the symposium of the International Union of Biochemistry, held in Rome in October 1962. The proceedings cover the lectures, discussions, and scientific papers on the many aspects of pyridoxal biochemistry. The book presents a wide range of topics of pyridoxal biochemistry, starting with a brief review of the history of the chemistry of vitamin B6 and pyridoxal-containing systems, and their significance in the understanding of the catalytic effects of pyridoxal. Structural features of glutamic aspartic transaminase; studies on leucine decarboxylase; cleavage of cystamine by diamineoxidase; and enzymatic steps in the degradation of vitamin B6 by bacteria are also discussed. The final chapter gives a brief survey of the developments in the study of catalytic functions and biological role of PLP enzymes. Biochemists, biologists, chemists, enzymologists, pharmacologists, and physicians will find this book invaluable.

Advances in the Biosciences 7: Schering Workshop on Steroid Hormone''Receptors,''Berlin, December 7 to 9, 1970 is a collection of papers presented at the Schering Workshop on Steroid Hormone''Receptors,''held in Berlin, Germany, on December 7-9, 1970. Contributors review research findings concerning steroid hormone receptors and cover topics organized around receptors of estrogen, androgen, progesterone, aldosterone, and corticosteroids. This book is comprised of 20 chapters and begins by analyzing the concentration of the estrogen binding protein in the rat uterus in three stages of uterine development, followed by a discussion on estradiol binding in mammalian tissues. The next section explores androgen receptors and includes chapters dealing with the specific binding of steroid-receptor complexes to DNA as well as the effects of androgen receptors on rat and human prostate. Subsequent chapters discuss the action of progesterone, aldosterone, and corticosteroid receptors. This monograph will be of interest to biochemists, biologists, and physiologists.

Lysozyme contains the proceedings of the Lysozyme Conference held in New York on October 29-31, 1972 on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the discovery of lysozyme by Sir Alexander Fleming. The papers explore the chemistry and structure of lysozymes, their interactions with substrates and inhibitors, and distribution in tissues. Changes associated with various disease states are also discussed, along with evidence indicating that lysozyme may significantly alter certain mammalian cell constituents. Comprised of 42 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the structure of various lysozymes, including avian and mammalian lysozymes. The use of X-ray crystallography for lysozyme analysis is also considered. Subsequent chapters focus on the structure of bacterial cell walls; affinity labeling of lysozyme; substrate requirements of glycosidases for lytic activity on bacterial walls; and the solution behavior of hen egg white and human lysozyme. The role of lysozyme in hematology and its relation to myeloperoxidase and lactoferrin are also examined, together with lysozyme measurements in acute leukemia; serum and urine lysozyme in sarcoidosis; lysozyme as a component of human cartilage; and agglutination of rat liver mitochondria by lysozyme. This monograph should be of interest to practitioners and researchers in the fields of biophysics, chemistry, microbiology, physiology, and clinical medicine.

Advances in the Biosciences 6: Schering Symposium on Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors in Early Mammalian Development, Venice, April 20 to 23, 1970 is a collection of papers presented at the Schering Symposium on Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors in Early Mammalian Development, held in Venice, Italy, on April 20-23, 1970. Contributors explore intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms underlying early development in mammals and cover topics ranging from transmission of maternal proteins into oocytes to normal and abnormal fertilization in mammals; experimental early parthenogenesis in mammals; and nutrient requirements for the culture of preimplantation embryos in vitro. This book is comprised of 33 chapters and begins with an overview of the oocyte and the egg, touching on subjects such as electron microscopy of the primary and secondary oocyte; experimental early parthenogenesis in mammals; and laparoscopic recovery of pre-ovulatory human oocytes after priming of the ovaries with gonadotrophins. The next section is devoted to intrinsic and extrinsic influence on the metabolism of preimplantation embryos and includes chapters dealing with the composition of oviductal and uterine fluids; the role of uterine proteins in embryonic development; sex chromosome markers as indicators in embryonic development; and manipulations of the blastocyst. The remaining chapters examine placental and fetal physiology, immunology and teratology, and differentiation of tissues. This monograph will be of interest to biologists and physiologists.

Protides of the Biological Fluids contains the proceedings of the XVIIIth Colloquium held in Bruges, Belgium in 1970. The papers focus on protides of the biological fluids, with emphasis on three main topics related to protein chemistry: proteins during development and the recurrence of fetal proteins in cancer; protein-protein interactions; and trends and technical refinements in the insolubilization of proteins. This book is comprised of 95 chapters and begins with an assessment of the relationships and functions of the apoprotein and lipid moieties of lipoproteins, followed by a discussion on the characteristics and structure of the alpha-fetoproteins. The protein patterns in the post-natal period, as well as specific patterns encountered during development of the various organs, are then considered. Subsequent chapters explore the recurrence of various fetoproteins in hepatoma and in tumors of the digestive system; protein-protein interactions occurring during association or aggregation of some proteins such as myosin, fibrin, and casein; and preparation of insolubilized enzymes, together with the isolation and purification of antibodies. The final section is devoted to immunological studies and methods such as thin-layer ultracentrifugation. This monograph will be a useful resource for biologists and chemists alike.

Light and Life in the Universe: Selected Lectures in Physics, Biology and the Origin of Life is a collection of lectures given at the 1964 Nuclear Research Foundation Summer Science School for High School Students, held at the University of Sydney, Australia, on January 6-17, 1964. The papers explore various aspects of life, both on earth and in the universe generally. Emphasis is placed on the''units''of living matter, how life may have started on earth, and the possibility of life on other planets. This book is comprised of 15 chapters and begins with a brief description of some of the properties of atoms and how they join up to form molecules, as well as some of the properties of the central core of each atom. The discussion then turns to electromagnetic radiation, highlighting the difficulties originally encountered by Ernest Rutherford's picture of the atom. Subsequent chapters focus on the influence of gravitational fields; the origin of the solar system; the evolution of life on earth; and link between the primordial atmosphere and the origin of life. The functions of proteins, the practical effects of biology on humans, and the replication of living molecules are also considered. This monograph is written specifically for fourth-year high school students interested in astronomy, physics, chemistry, and biology.

Methods in Polyphenol Chemistry documents the proceedings of the Plant Phenolics Group Symposium held at the University of Oxford, on 2-4 April 1963. The symposium focused on the methods and techniques which made advances in the chemistry and biochemistry of phenolic compounds possible. The development of paper chromatographic and ultraviolet spectroscopic techniques was particularly important and largely responsible for the rapid growth in knowledge of polyphenols which has occurred during the last 10-15 years. In addition to these two methods other spectroscopic techniques were dealt with at the symposium. Particular mention should perhaps be made of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy which is becoming increasingly important in polyphenol chemistry. Modern chromatographic methods such as thin layer and gas-liquid techniques will probably be used extensively in the future. These will enable the analyses of polyphenol mixtures to be carried out more rapidly and with greater resolution. Polyamide chromatography also has high powers of resolution, although this technique has not been widely used owing to difficulties in obtaining supplies of polyamide powder. This situation has now improved, however.

The Role of Chromosomes in Development is a collection of papers presented at the 23rd Symposium of the Society for the Study of Development and Growth, held at Amherst, Massachusetts in June 1964. Contributors explore the role of chromosomes in development, highlighting important processes such as the diversification and specialization of cells; the regulation of gene function by the physical state of the chromosome; the functional organization of chromosomes; DNA replication and synthesis; and macronuclear differentiation and subnuclear assortment. This volume is organized into 11 chapters and begins with an overview of chromosome structure and function and the mechanisms underlying the role of the chromosome in embryonic development. This book then discusses the chromosomal DNA replication, the mechanisms of gene modulation, the binding of actinomycin to DNA, and the cytological aspects of DNA replication in higher animals. The next chapters explain localized DNA synthesis in polytene chromosomes; chromosomal RNA and other nuclear RNA fractions; and experimental work probing both genetic and functional mosaicism in the mouse, as well as genetic repression of the R locus in maize. The book also considers how developmental pathways are controlled by genetic mechanisms, and then concludes with a chapter on nuclear differentiation in ciliates and on the phenomenon of subnuclear assortment. This book will be of interest to developmental biologists and embryologists.

The Cell in Mitosis is a collection of papers presented at the First Annual Symposium held on November 6-8, 1961 under the provisions of The Wayne State Fund Research Recognition Award. Contributors focus on the complexities posed by the cell in division and consider topics such as the chemical prerequisites for cell division, the role of the centriole in division cycles, development of the cleavage furrow, chemical aspects of the isolated mitotic apparatus, histone variability, and actin polymerization. This volume is organized into 11 chapters and begins with an overview of cell division, with reference to the basic essential mechanisms of mitogeneses underlying the emergence of the elegant geometries of mitosis. An account of the congression of chromosomes onto metaphase configuration and progression through telophase is also given. The next chapters explore the identity and role of the centriole in the whole life cycle of cell behavior; the fine structure of animal cells during cytokinesis; the mechanism of saltatory particle movements during mitosis; and how chemical and physical agents disrupt the mitotic cycle. A chapter is devoted to the holotrichous ciliate, Tetrahymena pyriformis, paying attention to its fine structure during mitosis. This book will be of interest to physiologists, electron microscopists, light microscopists, biochemists, and others who want to know more about the various aspects of cell division.

Chemicals Controlling Insect Behavior consists of papers originally presented at the Symposium on Chemicals Controlling Insect Behavior at the 157th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on April 16, 1969. Organized into seven chapters, this book presents information on insect pheromones, insect defense mechanisms, and other insect attractants and repellent. It specifically describes the sex pheromones of the Lepidoptera, the attractant pheromones of Coleoptera, and the boll weevil sex attractant. The chemical basis of insect sociality and arthropod defensive secretions are also explained. Lastly, the practice in programs within the USDA relating toinsect attractants and repellents is discussed. This book will serve as groundwork for even greater and more rapid progress in this field of interest. It will be useful to chemists, biochemists, biologists, entomologists, and others working to control insect pests.

Heredity and Society documents the proceedings of a symposium on heredity and society sponsored by the Birth Defects Institute of the New York State Department of Health held in Albany, New York, October 26-27, 1971. The central theme,''Heredity and Society''means taking part in the exploration of the science of genetics as it affects and is affected by modern life. The contributions made by researchers at the symposium are organized into five sections. The two papers in Section 1 review the history of genetics and discuss ongoing human evolution. Section II presents two studies on changes in the frequency of genes in the population and the evolution of human behavior. Section III contains studies on the effects of genetic counseling and couples who get genetic counseling. Section IV presents some reflections about the consequences of past, present, and future life styles in reproduction of citizens living in Western democracies. It also includes studies on the genetic implications of abortion and the impact of congenital malformations on society. Section V deals with sex chromosome abnormalities; mass screening programs for inborn errors of metabolism; and ethical issues raised by advances in genetics.