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The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) holds substantial promise for producing high‐value chemicals and fuels, drawing significant attention from both academia and industry. This work proposes an in‐situ electrodeposition method to prepare indium‐doped copper (Cu)‐based catalysts on carbon paper (Cu100Inx−CP, x=3.9, 4.5, 4.8, 5.1, and 7.6, denoting the molar ratio of In to Cu in the catalyst.). The catalysts Cu100Inx−CP were used for CO2RR to produce multi‐carbon (C2+) products. Characterization results showed that In was highly dispersed in the Cu particles at x<5.1. The Cu100In5.1−CP (containing 0.95 wt % In based on Cu) was very efficient for electrocatalytic CO2RR. The in‐situ Raman spectroscopy showed that Cu100In5.1−CP enhanced *CO intermediate adsorption and promoted the production of C2+ products due to the synergistic effect between In and Cu. In doping could suppress HER, enhanced *CO intermediate adsorption, and C−C coupling for the production of C2+ products in CO2RR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional Al‐air batteries are not suitable as portable power devices due to their complicated water management and bulky system. To resolve this issue, the fiber paper‐ and cotton cloth‐based Al‐air batteries were proposed, which exploited the capillary force from the paper (FP) and cotton cloth (CC) to deliver the solutions and eliminated the external pump. The physical features of the FP and CC were gained including the surface morphologies, surface elementary analysis, liquid absorption and flow rates. CC owned larger liquid absorption and faster flow rate due to its hierarchically woven‐spun fiber structure, compared to the randomly oriented fibers of the FP, although the surface of the CC demonstrated lower O/C ratio than that of the FP. So, the performance of the CC‐based Al‐air battery was largely higher than that of the FP‐based battery. The performance of the CC‐based Al‐air battery was optimal at 1.0 M NaOH electrolyte and the anode‐to‐cathode surface area ratio of 1 : 4, with the peak power density of 14.95±0.28 mW cm−2, and the maximum current density of 36.61±0.54 mA cm−2. To apply the CC‐based Al‐air battery, the two‐battery pack connected in series was assembled to drive a timer and light 9 LEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hallmark of a successful catalyst is its high efficiency, economic aspects, operational simplicity, extensive reusability, higher environment friendliness, and potential use in multiple industrial applications. Herein, a facile protocol involving a catalyst with Pd nanoparticles supported on cellulose paper (also known as a "dip‐catalyst") for the hydrogenation of a series of quinolines, nitroarene, and C−C bond formation reactions in most benign solvents such as water is described. The mere insertion/removal of the "dip‐catalyst" strip enables instantaneous start/stop of the reaction, which enhances its reusability and ease of separation of products. Cellulose paper (CP) strips decorated with Pd nanoparticles (Pd/CP) are prepared by the reduction of K2PdCl4 soaked strips using formic acid as reductant. The resulting spherical shaped Pd particles, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, form stable catalysis centers on the support. XRD signature confirms the crystallinity of the Pd nanoparticles and the TEM images display 15–20 nm size particles uniformly decorating CP. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates the formation of metallic Pd. The catalyst is tested for the C−C bond formation reactions. Pd/CP catalyzed Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling reaction demonstrate >99% conversion with optimum selectivity. On the other hand, Mizoroki‐Heck reaction produced 87% conversion with the reaction of 4‐methoxycarbonyl phenylboronic acid and iodobenzene in ethanol:water (1 : 1 v/v) using KOH as base. The developed Pd/CP construct produces >99% of the pyridine‐ring hydrogenated product on quinoline hydrogenation using tetrahydroxydiboron (THDB) as the hydrogen source. Diverse and highly reducible functional groups were also evaluated for transfer hydrogenation, which demonstrates a high efficiency in terms of both reactivity and selectivity. The used catalysts are recyclable for the multiple cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can accept a direct feed of biogas for power generation; however, carbon deposition is a major obstacle to their practical application. When a paper‐structured catalyst (PSC) with a dispersion of Ni‐loaded flowerlike Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 (Ni/CZ(F)) was applied to the anode of an electrolyte‐supported cell (ESC), the open‐circuit voltage of the cell directly fed simulated biogas was increased from 0.87 to 0.98 V at 750°C. The rates of cell‐voltage degradation and coke formation of the ESC with the Ni/CZ(F)‐PSC during 100 h of operation were 4.3% kh−1 and 0.43 mg‐C g‐PSC−1 h−1, respectively, which were lower than those of an ESC with a Ni‐loaded PSC without the CZ(F) dispersion (10.4% kh−1 and 8.1 mg‐C g‐PSC−1 h−1, respectively). This performance improvement is attributed to the unique porous morphology and high oxygen storage capacity of CZ(F), which can contribute to the prevention of Ni agglomeration and the removal of coke from the catalyst surface, respectively. Thus, the Ni/CZ(F)‐PSC can function as a practically applicable reforming domain for an internal‐reforming biogas‐fueled SOFC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient and durable catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are of great importance for energy storage and conversion devices. However, an objective evaluation and fair comparison of different catalysts remain challenging due to the different catalyst loadings and substrates for OER measurements. In this work, we investigated NiFe layer double hydroxide and commercial Ni/NiO catalysts with different loadings and substrates of glassy carbon (GC), porous nickel foam (NF), and carbon paper (CP). The activity, cycling stability, and potentiostatic stability of the catalysts are compared with respect to the loading and substrate. Catalyst loading exhibits a volcano trend with OER activity, while it has little impact on stability. The 3D substrates NF and CP significantly improved the OER activity of the catalysts compared to GC, especially at higher loadings. The consistent degradation trend of the catalysts confirms the validity of using NF or CP as substrates for the stability test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a great challenge to synthesize efficient electrocatalysts for overall water splitting, especially non‐noble metal catalysts. Herein, one‐dimensional polycrystalline nanoneedles composed of CoO−Co9S8 nano heterostructures, in situ grown on carbon fiber paper are prepared for efficient overall water electrolysis. Due to strong electronic coupling, charge densities of Co2+/Co3+ in Co9S8 and Co2+ in CoO are favorably modified at the interface of CoO and Co9S8, resulting in optimized reaction intermediates absorption and greatly enhanced bifunctional HER/OER activities. CoO−Co9S8/CFP delivers a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline electrolyte at overpotentials of 184 mV and 270 mV for HER and OER, respectively. When used as electrocatalyst for overall water splitting, it needs a low cell potential of 1.66 V to realize water electrolysis at 10 mA cm−2. This work provides a new strategy to tune the electronic structures of transitional metal active sites via constructing nano heterostructures for efficient water electrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical reduction of NO not only offers an attractive alternative to the Haber–Bosch process for ambient NH3 production but mitigates the human‐caused unbalance of nitrogen cycle. Herein, we report that MoS2 nanosheet on graphite felt (MoS2/GF) acts as an efficient and robust 3D electrocatalyst for NO‐to‐NH3 conversion. In acidic electrolyte, such MoS2/GF attains a maximal Faradaic efficiency of 76.6 % and a large NH3 yield of up to 99.6 μmol cm−2 h−1. Using MoS2 nanosheet‐loaded carbon paper as the cathode, a proof‐of‐concept device of Zn‐NO battery was assembled to deliver a discharge power density of 1.04 mW cm−2 and an NH3 yield of 411.8 μg h−1 mgcat.−1. Calculations reveal that the positively charged Mo‐edge sites facilitate NO adsorption/activation via an acceptance–donation mechanism and disfavor the binding of protons and the coupling of N−N bond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Surface-confined electropolymerization allowed us to easily prepare homogeneous polymer composite paper structures. The fabrication of freestanding graphene (Gr)-based composite electrodes is very important for many modular approaches in electrochemical applications, such as fuel cells, supercapacitors, and sensors. A Gr composite paper electrode doped with polymeric films of pyronin Y was fabricated by two repetitive simple applications: vacuum filtration and surface-confined electropolymerization. The characterization of this composite paper was done with scanning tunneling microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, four-point probe conductivity measurement, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The freestanding composite paper demonstrated good electrocatalytic activity for the electrooxidation of dopamine; this indicated that this composite paper could be used for the amperometric quantification of dopamine in real samples. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45139. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the catalyst efficiency of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has been extensively studied. However, the stability of catalysts at high current densities is still a challenge. Herein, layered Ni−Co−P was electrodeposited on carbon fiber paper (CFP) via cyclic voltammetry (CV). This low‐cost electrode exhibits high efficiency and excellent durability for HER in 1 M KOH. To achieve current densities of 10, 100, 500, and 1000 mA cm−2, Ni−Co−P/CFP required overpotentials of 49, 95, 170, and 295 mV, respectively. The layered structure allows the catalyst to fall off layer by layer. After the outer layer of catalyst falls off, the inner layer of catalyst will be exposed to continue working. After 300 h of HER at 1000 mA cm−2, Ni−Co−P/CFP still has a regular morphology and high efficiency. Our work shows that layered Ni−Co−P/CFP has excellent prospects for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely studied for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). However, the application of negative potential tends to trigger its structural reconstruction and component alteration. It is of great significance to study the relationship between the structural evolution of MOF‐derived materials and product selectivity under the reaction conditions. Herein, we fabricate a HKUST‐1 thin film on carbon fiber paper by a facile electrodeposition approach to investigate the variation of CO2RR activity with HKUST‐1 structural reconstruction. During the CO2RR process, the HKUST‐1 reconstructs into two structures successively over time: 3D nanospheres composed of numerous small fragments and 3D nano‐network composed of cross‐linked nanobelts in different directions. The former shows a better catalytic activity due to more active sites, lower charge transfer resistance and higher Cu+/Cu0 ratio. The optimum Faradaic efficiency (FE) of C2 products (ethylene and ethanol) reaches 58.6 % at −0.98 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ni‐promoted electrocatalytic biomass reforming has shown promising prospect in enabling high value‐added product synthesis. Here, we developed a novel hybrid catalyst with Ni nanosheet forests anchored on carbon paper. The hybrid catalyst exhibits high efficiency in electrooxidation of HMF to FDCA coupling with H2 production in high purity. The Ni nanosheets have small crystal grain sizes with abundant edges, which is able to deliver an efficient HMF oxidation to FDCA (selectivity >99 %) at low potential of 1.36 VRHE with high stability. The post‐reaction structure analysis reveals the Ni nanosheets would transfer electrons to carbon and readily turn into NiOx and Ni(OH)x during the reaction. DFT results suggest high valence Ni species would facilitate the chemical adsorption (activation) of HMF revealing the reaction pathway. This work emphasizes the importance of the precise control of Ni activity via atomic structure engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The front cover picture, provided by Sunwoo Lee and collaborators, illustrates a paper‐based colorimetric sensor for bromides, which the authors have developed. The red color spot was converted to yellow with increasing bromide ions. This sensor was applied to detect the conversion of aryl bromides in palladium‐catalyzed coupling reactions such as Suzuki, Stille, Heck, direct arylation and decarboxylative coupling reactions. Details can be found in the full paper on pages 3916–3923 (Y. Son, S. Lee, H.‐S. Kim, M. S. Eom, M. S. Han, S. Lee, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2018, 360, 3916–3923; DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800558). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver coated ZnO nanorods and nanoflakes with different crystallographic orientations were synthesized by a combination of sputter deposition and solution growth process. Catalytic properties of morphology‐dependent Ag/ZnO nanostructures were then investigated for urea sensors without enzyme. Ag/ZnO nanorods on carbon electrodes exhibit a higher catalytic activity and an improved efficiency than Ag/ZnO nanoflakes on carbon electrodes. Ag/ZnO nanorod catalysts with more electrochemically surface area (169 cm2 mg−1) on carbon electrode facilitate urea electrooxidation due to easier electron transfer, which further promotes the urea electrolysis. The Ag/ZnO nanorod catalysts also show a significant reduction in the onset voltage (0.410 V vs. Ag/AgCl) and an increase in the current density (12.0 mA cm−2 mg−1) at 0.55 V vs Ag/AgCl. The results on urea electrooxidation show that Ag/ZnO nanostructures can be a potential catalyst for non‐enzymatic biosensors and fuel cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benefits of utilizing cascade reactions for chemical synthesis include minimizing waste and decreasing experimentation times. However, these complex systems lack an efficient screening platform for evaluating their progression. A paper‐based microfluidic platform was developed to monitor cascade systems without the need for off‐line product verification. Two types of paper‐based platforms were fabricated to facilitate this study: electrochemical and spectro‐electrochemical. Electrochemical platforms were integrated with stencil‐printed electrodes and used to perform electrochemical alcohol oxidation reactions with two derivatives of the organocatalyst TEMPO (TEMPO=2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyl‐N‐oxyl). The catalyst 4‐amino‐TEMPO (TEMPO‐NH2) was used as a model catalyst that was studied not immobilized and immobilized (pyrene‐amido‐TEMPO) on electrochemical platforms. These platforms were designed to provide quasi‐stationary flow allowing constant electrochemical data collection as catalytic reactions proceeded. TEMPO‐NH2 and pyrene‐amido‐TEMPO were evaluated for the partial oxidation of glycerol and its intermediates. In comparison to TEMPO‐NH2, the pyrene‐amido‐TEMPO catalyst produced higher current outputs. Spectro‐electrochemical platforms were integrated with stencil‐printed electrodes, and a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection zone. The spectro‐electrochemical platforms allowed for catalytic conversions at the electrodes and subsequent delivery of catalytically transformed analytes to a SERS detection zone for product analysis. This platform was demonstrated for pyrene‐amido‐TEMPO and was shown to convert glycerol to mesoxalic acid. The experimental procedures for making components of the spectro‐electrochemical device were described and include: preparation of the paper‐based platform, construction of stencil‐printed electrodes, and fabrication of SERS detection zones. These platforms provide an approach to analyzing multi‐step cascade chemical reactions. Go with the flow: Paper‐based microfluidic platforms are fabricated to study catalytic cascade reactions found in the oxidation of glycerol. Electrocatalysts are compared and products from the reactions are verified with surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microfluidic fuel cells (MFFCs) are performing increasingly important roles in production and life, such as electronic products, sensors and real‐time equipment. The microfluidic electrochemical fuel cell (MFEFC) is a significant type of MFFC that has attracted recent global attention. Compared to the other two types, biofuel cells (MFBFCs) and photocatalytic fuel cells (MFPFCs), MFEFCs can be used in a broader range of applications and are less susceptible to external environment. This paper mainly discusses the recent progress of MFEFCs, including catalyst, fuel, electrode, oxidant, design, fabrication, model and performance. The paper summarized the latest research results and practical applications through the above aspects. The authors sincerely hope that this paper will be useful to researchers in the field. Finally, we summarize the article and outline the potential future development and applications of MFEFCs. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a significant source of environmental pollution, posing threats to human safety. With growing concerns about environmental degradation, catalytic oxidation technology emerges as a paramount and widely adopted approach for VOC elimination, renowned for its operational simplicity, energy efficiency, and environmental friendliness. As a representative transition metal catalyst, cobalt‐based catalysts have garnered widespread use in VOC catalytic oxidation due to their cost‐effectiveness, versatility, and distinctive physicochemical properties. This paper provides a detailed exposition of the construction strategies and structure‐activity relationship of Co3O4‐based catalysts in VOCs oxidation reaction, encompassing both monometallic Co3O4 and multimetallic cobalt‐based catalysts. Furthermore, it offers a comprehensive summary and discussion of the latest research progress concerning Co3O4‐based catalysts in practical applications. Concluding with a meticulous analysis, the paper addresses the technical challenges inherent in developing Co3O4‐based catalysts for VOCs degradation. Additionally, it proposes research directions aimed at overcoming these challenges, contributing to the ongoing discourse on environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global freshwater shortage is forcing researchers to focus on seawater electrolysis for large‐scale green hydrogen production. Seawater purification by reverse osmosis (RO) for use in conventional water electrolyzers (WEs) is another approach, however, that requires large capital investments. Alternatively, seawater can be used directly in a novel type of anion exchange membrane WE (AEMWE) which is currently under development. The AEMWEs have the advantage of using non‐precious catalysts and are less sensitive to the presence of impurities. Success in this early‐stage technology relies on the development of efficient and durable electrocatalysts. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the status and future trends for developing catalysts operating directly with seawater. Catalysts are ranked based on their activity and durability at high current densities of 500 mAcm−2 and 1000 mAcm−2. Notable anode catalysts, S−NiFe2O4, and NiFe LDH, exhibit reduced OER overpotentials of 287 mV and 296 mV at 1000 mAcm−2. Top‐performing cathode HER catalysts include HW−NiMoN‐2 h (132 mV) and Pt−Co−Mo (117 mV) at 1000 mAcm−2. Bifunctional catalysts, such as CoxPv@NC can operate below an overall voltage of 2 V at 1000 mAcm−2. This comparative analysis provides researchers and professionals with critical insights for advancing direct seawater electrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID‐19 pandemic is a global crisis like no other in modern times, and there is a growing apprehension about handling potentially contaminated cash. This paper is the first empirical attempt in the literature to investigate whether the risk of infectious diseases affects demand for physical cash. Since the intensity of cash use may influence the spread of infectious diseases, this paper utilizes two‐stage least squares methodology with instrumental variable to address omitted variable bias and account for potential endogeneity. The empirical analysis indicates that the spread of infectious diseases lowers demand for physical cash, after controlling for macroeconomic, financial, and technological factors. This effect, withstanding several robustness checks, is economically and statistically significant. While the transactional constraints imposed by the coronavirus pandemic could become a catalyst for the use of digital technologies around the world, electronic payment methods may not be universally available in every country owing to financial and technological bottlenecks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methanol synthesis from syngas is an effective method for producing fuel additives, oxygenated fuels, and other chemicals. Several promoted catalytic systems have been tested for the synthesis of methanol. Catalysts based on noble metals are extremely active in generating methanol from syngas. However, sintering, poisoning, and related expenses accounted for the switch to Cu‐based catalysts. The promotion of Cu‐based catalysts, even with small doses of an effective promoter, resulted in a considerable change in product selectivity. A suitable promoter is required for Cu‐based catalysts used in the synthesis of methanol because it significantly impacts the electronic, geometric, or acid/base surface properties, which in turn affect the catalyst's activity and selectivity. It also significantly impacts the interactions between the catalyst's active ingredients. However, the interactions between the active component and the promoter can be adjusted or influenced by appropriate support. The present paper primarily focuses on several promoters in the copper‐based catalyst for synthesizing methanol from syngas. We briefly deliberated on the need for copper‐based catalysts for methanol synthesis, their reaction and mechanism, the reasons for promoter addition concerning their role and influence, the importance of CO2 addition in feed synthesis gas and their impact on the catalyst. This paper mainly highlights the selectivity and activity of various promoted Cu‐based catalysts, although different reaction parameters are the cause of promotion and inhibition in the catalyst. The effects of reaction conditions, including pressure, temperature, gas hourly space velocity (GHSV), and syngas composition, are briefly reported. This paper also comprehensively compares the effects of adding various promoters in small amounts to copper‐based catalysts. This review intends to be illustrative rather than exhaustive. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MXene‐supported noble metal alloy catalysts exhibit remarkable electrocatalytic activity in various applications. However, there is no facile one‐step method for synthesizing these catalysts, because the synthesis of MXenes requires a strongly oxidizing environment and the preparation of platinum nanoalloys requires a strongly reducing environment and high temperatures. Hence, achieving coupling in one step is extremely challenging. In this paper, a straightforward one‐step molten salt method for preparing MXene‐supported platinum nanoalloy catalysts is proposed. The molten salt acts as the reaction medium to dissolve the transition metals and platinum ions at high temperatures. Transition metal ions oxidize the A‐site element from its MAX precursor at high temperatures, and the resulting transition metals further reduce platinum ions to form alloys. By coupling Al oxidation and platinum ion reduction using a molten salt solvent, this method directly converts Ti3AlC2 to a Pt‐M@Ti3C2Tx catalyst (where M denotes the transition metal). It further offers the possibility of extending the Pt‐M phase to binary, ternary, or quaternary platinum‐containing nanoalloys and converting the Al‐containing MAX phase to Ti2AlC and Ti3AlCN. Due to the strong interfacial interaction, the as‐prepared Pt‐Co@Ti3C2Tx is superior to commercial Pt/C (20 wt.%) in the hydrogen evolution reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diamines are important industrial chemicals. In this paper we outline the feasibility of lignocellulose as a source of diol‐containing molecules. We also illustrate the possibility of turning these diols into their diamines in good to excellent yields. Central to these transformations is the use of commercially available Raney Ni. For diol formation, the Raney Ni engages in hydrogenation and often also demethoxylation, that way funneling multiple components to one single molecule. For diamine formation, Raney Ni catalyzes hydrogen‐borrowing mediated diamination in the presence of NH3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While attrition from the PhD has been attributed to many high‐level causal factors, such as funding, advisor relationship, and "fit" into a department, few studies have closely examined the mechanisms of attrition or why and how graduate engineering students begin to consider attrition from their doctoral programs. Design/Method: This study analyzed interviews with current and former doctoral engineering students at research universities across the United States, collected through two closely‐related studies on graduate engineering experiences and attrition consideration. We used critical event analysis as a methodological approach to understand the experiences of a subset of 13 participants, who, at some point in their graduate career, experienced a singular event that caused them to question whether to persist in their PhD program. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of the present paper is to investigate how graduate engineering students begin to question whether they should remain in their PhD programs of study. Results: We categorized the environments in which critical events occurred into four quadrants along the lines of University and Nonuniversity Settings and Routine versus Unexpected Contexts, mapping critical events and supporting events to themes from prior literature. The findings demonstrate how seemingly mundane experiences for faculty can be cataclysmic in the eyes of the student; how critical events serve to magnify other issues that had been accumulating over time; and how students may not self‐reflect on their rationale for pursuing a PhD until a critical juncture occurs. Conclusions: Critical events are one mechanism by which students may begin considering departure from their engineering PhD programs. Some critical events masquerade within mundane contexts, like conversations or conferences (although, in retrospect, students can identify other relevant features contributing to dissatisfaction). From this work, we provide implications geared toward administrators, advisors, and graduate students on how to address and potentially mitigate critical events or their effects, including engaging in conversations about leaving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electroreduction of CO2 to high‐value products is a promising approach for achieving carbon neutrality. Among these products, formic acid stands out as having the most potential for industrialization due to its optimal economic value in terms of consumption and output. In recent years, the Faraday efficiency of formic acid from CO2 electroreduction has reached 90~100 %. However, this high selectivity cannot be maintained for extended periods under high currents to meet industrial requirements. This paper reviews excellent work from the perspective of catalyst stability, summarizing and discussing the performance of typical catalysts. Strategies for preparing stable and highly active catalysts are also briefly described. This review may offer a useful data reference and valuable guidance for the future design of long‐stability catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) are widely studied in various chemical transformations due to their high catalytic activity and atom utilization. However, modulating the catalytic performance of catalysts by adjusting the microenvironment remains a great challenge. In this paper, a novel master‐double guest vulcanization‐assisted strategy is reported for synthesizing Fe single‐atom catalysts on N,S codoped porous hollow leaf carbon (FeSA/N,S‐PHLC) with highly exposed FeN3SOH sites. Fe(mIm) (guest I) is loaded on the surface of ZIF‐L (host) and then trithiocyanuric acid (TCA, guest II) is bonded with Fe(mIm), and the resulting ZIF‐L@Fe(mIm)@TCA precursors can be converted to FeSA/N,S‐PHLC with controllable structures. In addition, XPS analysis yield an increase in pyridine N content in FeSA/N,S‐PHLC compared to FeSA/N‐PHLC. It can be demonstrated by theoretical calculations that the N,S‐coordinated axially hydroxy‐coordinated asymmetric Fe centers synergistically with the abundance of pyridinic nitrogen facilitate the adsorption and desorption of oxygen intermediates, and the 3d orbitals of the Fe active centers can be optimized. The prepared FeSA/N,S‐PHLC catalyst has a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.91 V under alkaline conditions, and E1/2 = 0.75 V under acidic conditions. It shows excellent cycle stability (882 h) and power density (217 mW cm−2) in the assembly of zinc–air battery (ZABs) devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extensive use of biodiesel leads to the excess of glycerol as a by‐product. But as a carbon resource, it has been increasingly used in organic synthesis of high value‐added derivatives in recent years. Among them, solketal is one of the most important derivatives of glycerol, which is generated by the reaction of glycerol and acetone. Based on a large number of relevant literatures, this paper systematically summarized the relevant researches in recent ten years. We systematically summary the latest research progress on the synthesis of solketal by glycerol and acetone. We have focused on a systematic study of four different reaction mechanisms for the ketonation reaction of glycerol and acetone. And the types of catalysts were classified into two categories, homogeneous catalysts and non‐homogeneous catalysts, and the non‐homogeneous catalysts were further classified in more details for the study. This review provides a more comprehensive reference for the ketal reaction of glycerol and acetone, and develops some new ideas for the transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1,3‐Enynes with conjugated alkene and alkyne moieties are attractive building blocks in synthetic chemistry. However, neither 4,1‐hydrophosphination nor dihydrophosphination of 1,3‐enynes has been reported. In this paper, the divalent ytterbium and calcium amide complexes supported by silaimine‐functionalized cyclopentadienyl ligands (C5Me4‐Si(L)=NR) were developed, which successfully catalyzed the efficient single and double hydrophosphination of 1,3‐enynes with diarylphosphines. The hydrophosphination reactions selectively produced homoallenyl phosphines and (E)‐propenylene diphosphines, respectively. This work demonstrated the potential of hemilabile silaimine‐Cp ligands in the supporting the efficient and selective rare‐ and alkaline‐earth catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an exceptional nitrate reduction to ammonia catalyst is reported, enabled by BO2− anion induction effects combining heterogeneous branching architecture‐driven mass transport enhancement strategies. The implantation of the BO2− anion can inductively enhance the electron cloud density and electron transmission paths of intrinsic catalysts, makes electron more active to improve the conductivity, regulates the adsorption and desorption rates of intermediates by space barrier effect, reduces the binding energy of the electron and 3d orbital of Ni in NiFe(BO2)O(OH), thereby lowing the transform free energy of the determining *NO3 to *HNO3 step. 3D hollow sea urchin lattice heterogeneous branching structure can self‐drive generate differentiated micro convection intervals, which will be beneficial for improving mass transfer dynamics especially localized disturbance mass transfer effect of catalyst for nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) catalysis process. Amazingly, the as‐prepared 3D NiFe metaborate oxyhydroxide hollow bionic sea urchins lattice catalyst has a high NH3 rate 6.27mmol·h−1·cm−2 with 98.7% Faradaic efficiency at low ‐0.25V(vs RHE) NO3RR potential. Moreover, the catalytic activity of this highly stable catalyst decreases only slightly over 100 h at ultra‐high 1500mA·cm−2 current. This work breaks through the bottleneck that plagues the performance improvement of non Cu‐based high‐current NO3RR catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents software for calculating the optimal mass of samples with complex compositions (e.g. supported metal catalysts) for X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and scattering measurements. The ability to calculate the sample mass and other relevant parameters needed for an XAS measurement allows experimentalists to be better prepared in terms of detector selection, energy range of scan and overall time needed to complete the measurement, thus increasing efficiency. CatMass builds on existing sample mass calculators allowing users to determine the optimum sample preparation, collection geometry, usable energy range for a scan and approximate edge step of the absorption event. Visualization tools present the absorption calculation results in a format familiar to XAS experimentalists, with the added ability to save calculations and plots for future reference or recalculation. CatMass is a program broadly applicable in catalysis and is helpful for users with complex samples due to composition/stoichiometry or multiple competing elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalytic transformation of biomass‐derived volatile carboxylic acids in an aqueous environment is crucial to developing a sustainable biorefinery. To date, Kolbe electrolysis remains arguably the most effective means to convert energy‐diluted aliphatic carboxylic acids (carboxylate) to alkane for biofuel production. This paper reports the use of a structurally disordered amorphous RuO2 (a‐RuO2) that is synthesized facilely in a hydrothermal method. The a‐RuO2 is highly effective towards electrocatalytic oxidative decarboxylation of hexanoic acid and is able to produce the Kolbe product, decane, with a yield 5.4 times greater than that of commercial RuO2. A systematic study of the reaction temperature, current intensity, and electrolyte concentration reveals the enhanced Kolbe product yield is attributable to the more efficient oxidation of the carboxylate anions for the alkane dimer formation. Our work showcases a new design idea for establishing an efficient electrocatalysts for decarboxylation coupling reaction, providing a new electrocatalyst candidate for Kolbe electrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increasingly serious environmental problems caused by the greenhouse effect, it has also become essential to reduce the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. In this paper, CaCO3‐supported Fe‐based catalysts doped with Mn, Al, and K are prepared by a straightforward method and used for CO2 hydrogenation. The fresh and spent catalysts were characterized by SEM‐EDS, BET, TG, CO2‐TPD, XRD, and XPS. The experimental results show that the highest CO2 conversion rate of Fe10Mn2Al10Ca is 35.99 %, the maximum FTY value is 293.98 μmolCO2 ⋅ gFe-1 ${{\rm{g}}_{{\rm{Fe}}}^{ - 1} }$ ⋅ s−1, the maximum O/P value is 6.61, and the lowest CO selectivity is 32.21 %. At the same time, according to the characterization results, the doping of Mn and Al increased the Fe3O4/FeCx ratio. As the Fe3O4/FeCx ratio increases, the proportion of short‐chain hydrocarbons (CH4, C2–4) in the products increases, and the proportion of long‐chain hydrocarbons (C5+) decrease. Therefore, the co‐doping of Mn and Al promotes the conversion of CO and reduces its selectivity, and promotes the formation of light olefins. Finally, it is hoped that this study can provide a reference for further research on CaCO3‐supported Fe catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a simple cationic exchange method was proposed to increase the Co/Mo ratio in the Evans‐Showell polyoxometalate to the desired 0.5 with both Mo and Co atoms in one molecule. This approach was proved successfully by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray fluorescence spectrometer, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analyzer. Then, the obtained Evans‐Showell‐type polyoxometalate was used as a superior precursor to construct efficient hydrodesulfurization catalyst, and the dibenzothiophene evaluation results showed that the hydrodesulfurization reaction turnover frequency, the rate constant, and the dibenzothiophene conversion are 1.8×10−3 s−1, 6.4×10−7 mol g−1 s−1, and 95.2 %, respectively, illustrating the excellent hydrodesulfurization performance of the catalyst. The cationic exchange approach promises the Mo and Co atoms in one molecule and the desired proximity of them, leading to a higher dispersion of MoS2 nanoparticles, a higher percent of CoMoS active phase and the excellent hydrodesulfurization performance for dibenzothiophene consequently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical CO2 reduction using Cu complex catalysts in non‐aqueous media leads exclusively to carbon monoxide or formic acid. This study reports highly selective electrochemical CO2 reduction to methane using a 2,9‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline Cu2+ complex in dimethylformamide. XRD reveals the formation of a Cu complex‐derived catalyst during the electrochemical testing, containing Cu and an organic phase when the electrolyte contained tetrabutylammonium cations. Insulating carbonates were preferentially deposited when the electrolyte contained alkali metal cations, leading to low Faradaic efficiency for methane. The dramatic electrolyte dependence is explained by the relative solubility of deposits in dimethylformamide under reductive potentials. The Faradaic efficiency for methane production varied from sample to sample, with underlaying variation in the morphology of the catalyst. Selective methane production using Cu complex‐derived catalysts in non‐aqueous media is intriguing, opening the possibility of combinatorial studies of the effect of ligand structures on product selectivity by involving ligands not soluble in water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermochemical method is one of the most potential ways to treat waste plastics. In order to reduce the energy consumption of pyrolysis, this study selected spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst as a catalyst for pyrolysis of waste plastics to explore the pyrolysis process of mixed waste plastics (polypropylene (PP)/polyethylene (PE)/polystyrene (PS)). The kinetic calculations show that there was a positive synergistic effect in the co‐pyrolysis of mixed plastics, which was beneficial to the reduction of activation energy. However, the participation of spent FCC catalysts can further reduce the pyrolysis temperature and activation energy of plastics, and increase the thermal degradation rate. Compared with non‐catalytic pyrolysis, the pyrolysis temperature corresponding to the maximum weight loss rate during catalytic pyrolysis was about 12 K earlier, the maximum degradation rate was about 41% higher, and the average activation energy decreased by about 22 kJ/mol. In order to further improve the catalytic efficiency of spent FCC catalysts, the spent FCC catalysts were modified by ball milling or ultrasonic method and then used for plastic pyrolysis. It was found that the modification effect of ball milling method was better than that of the ultrasonic method. Through thermodynamic analysis, it was found that the endothermic reaction occurred in the process of plastic pyrolysis and could not proceed spontaneously. The formed pyrolysis products reduced the disorder of a microscopic system. Combined with the experimental results of this paper, it can provide theoretical support for the catalytic pyrolysis of spent FCC catalysts for mixed waste plastics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen production by photocatalysis will be an important means of obtaining hydrogen energy in the future. In this paper, a novel single‐atom catalysts structure was designed to improve the conversion efficiency of the reaction. A novel single‐atom catalysts was designed by using two‐dimensional crystalline and amorphous ZrO2 and Graphitic Carbon Nitride g‐C3N4 to form a sandwich single‐atom structure. Rh single‐atoms load was carried on the interlayer ZrO2 surface. The electronic structure and catalytic performance of the catalyst were calculated and analyzed by density functional theory. It has been shown that the electron concentration induced by the unsaturated coordination bond on the surface of the amorphous state has an excellent effect on the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction. The local surface plasmon resonance effect of noble metal reduces the work function of catalyst and improves the electron transition ability. This paper proves that amorphous interlayer photocatalyst has a wide research prospect. It provides new ideas for the design of new catalysts and green energy in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present scaling results from two production quality supercomputers that use the first generation of Arm‐based CPUs that have been optimized for scientific workloads. Both systems use Marvell ThunderX2 CPUs, which deliver high core counts and class‐leading memory bandwidth. The first system is Isambard, a Cray XC50 "Scout" system operated by the GW4 Alliance and the UK Met Office as a Tier‐2 national HPC service. The second system is one of three Arm‐based HPE Apollo 70 systems delivered as part of the Catalyst UK project, running at the University of Bristol. We compare scaling results from these two systems with three Cray XC50 systems based on Intel Skylake and Broadwell CPUs. We focus on a range of applications and mini‐apps that are important to the UK national HPC service, ARCHER, and to our project partners. We also compare the performance and maturity of the state‐of‐the‐art toolchains available on Arm‐based HPC systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given that p‐xylene is an important chemical feedstock for many final products in the market from pesticides, pharmaceuticals, peroxides to dyes, its chlorinated derivatives are of interest in the chemical industry. In this paper, the rate constant ratios of the consecutive chlorination of p‐xylene at 70°C in a gas–liquid semibatch reactor using molecular chlorine and iron(III) chloride as a catalyst was investigated up to the fourth successive reaction (tetrachloro‐p‐xylene production). The ratios were determined with both mathematical expressions and a graphical method proposed recently in the literature by use of the maxima of the successive products. The ratios found for monochloro‐p‐xylene (2‐chloro‐p‐xylene), dichloro‐p‐xylene (the sum of 2,3‐dichloro‐p‐xylene and 2,5‐dichloro‐p‐xylene), trichloro‐p‐xylene (2,3,5‐trichloro‐p‐xylene), and tetrachloro‐p‐xylene (2,3,5,6‐tetrachloro‐p‐xylene) are k2/k1 = 0.295, k3/k1 = 0.0826, and k4/k1 = 0.00383. The ratio of the dichlo‐isomers produced was also determined as 2.12 in favor of 2,5‐dichloro‐p‐xylene, which is reasonable since 2,3‐dichloro‐p‐xylene is highly hindered by the adjacent groups on the aromatic nucleus. The existing knowledge found in the literature on the rate constant ratios of consecutive reactions was also extended in this paper with a new mathematical expression for the determination of the third stage product peak concentration. The standard uncertainties of the rate constant ratios, the standard deviation of the means, as well as the expanded uncertainties of the means, were calculated. Finally, the propagation of uncertainties for the trichloro‐p‐xylene was estimated using the partial derivatives of this product for each of the rate constants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), newly developed materials, exhibit considerable promise in the field of catalysis. COFs exhibit captivating catalytic characteristics, including thermal and chemical stability, customizable porosities, and the ability to place active sites flexibly with tunable functions. To establish a connection between structure and activity, this paper provides a thorough justification of the planned creation of covalent organic frameworks for photocatalysis, encompassing H2 production, carbon dioxide reduction, pollutants reduction and transformation of organic substances. We have investigated the catalytic sites that are active within covalent organic frameworks, encompassing the metals, molecular catalysts, and catalyst with single atom (SACs); the reactive skeleton/linkages; and the reactive pendant groups. This exploration aims to establish the benefits of using COF‐based catalysts compared to traditional catalysts. Despite the new advantages, numerous difficulties have also been noted with regard to the future. The objective of this review is to make it easier to design COF‐based composite materials for practical uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a study on the effects of oxygen functionalities on a mesoporous and graphitized carbon support (GNP, Graphene Nanoplatelets), on the catalytic activity of Pd/GNP catalysts in hydrogenation reactions. A functionalization method in liquid phase has been employed, using different oxidants (HNO3, H2O2, KMnO4), with the aim to tune the amount and the type of introduced oxygen functionalities. Preformed Pd nanoparticles have been used as Pd‐precursor to limit differences in metal particle size and dispersion on differently functionalized carbon. The catalytic behaviour in benzaldehyde hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis to benzyl alcohol and toluene revealed that the introduction of oxygen functionalities has a generally detrimental effect. NMR relaxometry studies highlighted the weaker interaction between the carbonyl group and the functionalized Pd/GNP surface than the non–functionalized Pd/GNP demonstrating that the origin of the different catalytic activity lies on the first step of the reaction. O‐functionalities also impacted on the Pd0/Pd2+ ratio at the surface which is an established parameter correlated to the reaction rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the past few years, single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted considerable attention in electrolysis due to their outstanding catalytic performance and efficient atomic utilization. SACs exhibit a simple structure, high catalytic activity, consistent scaling relationships for single sites, and low metal content but their practical applications are still limited. Dual single‐atom catalysts (DACs), which feature excellent selectivity, high atomic utilization efficiency, and remarkable stability, are emerging as new frontiers in heterogeneous electrocatalysis. They increase catalytic activity by promoting synergistic effects between metal‐active sites. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in dual‐atom catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In addition, we explore the differences between homonuclear and heteronuclear configurations, the emergence of single/dual‐site metal catalysts, and the methods currently used for their synthesis. Lastly, this review discusses several perspectives for advancing the development of dual‐atom catalysts for OER and ORR electrocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bimetallic oxide catalysts derived from zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) have good catalytic oxidation activity, but their application is limited because the powder is not conducive to industrial production. In this study, CoCeOx/cordierite monolithic catalysts derived from ZIFs were prepared by a simple impregnation method. Firstly, a phase transition of Co‐ZIF was induced in ethanol solution by adding excessive Ce(NO3)3. Subsequently, tannic acid (TA) was used to chelate excess metal on the surface to expose more active sites. Meanwhile, TA staying on the surface of the precursor could also prevent the accumulation of Ce at high temperatures. After the activity test, CoCeOx/cordierite showed excellent activity for the catalytic oxidation of o‐xylene with a T90 of 295 °C. The mechanical stability of the catalyst was also tested by ultrasonic vibration method. In addition, we investigated the influence of factors such as impregnation cycles and TA treatment time on the physical and chemical properties. This paper provides a new idea for preparing monolithic catalysts derived from ZIFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an urgent need to develop green catalytic transesterification technology to reduce liquid waste and instrument corrosion. Ionic liquids with controlled activity, easy recovery, and corrosion resistance have great potential as catalysts for transesterification reactions. In this paper, a series of ionic liquids were prepared using imidazole and ammonium compounds as cations, and sulphuric acid, p‐toluenesulfonate, and bistrifluoromethanesulfonate anions as anions. In comparison, the ionic liquid made from imidazole with H2SO4 (IMIHS) was found to be the best catalyst for the esterification reaction with high speed, high activity, low corrosion, and high stability, and its catalytic performance was superior to that of sulphuric acid. The optimum reaction conditions were as follows: the molar ratio of ethanol to acetic acid was 1:1, the catalyst amount was 5 wt.%, the reaction temperature was 80°C, and the reaction time was 120 min. The maximum yield of ethyl acetate was 66.2% under the optimum reaction conditions. The catalytic activity was not declined obviously by reusing six times. The activation energy of the reaction is 48.748 kJ/mol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of highly efficient and selective catalysts for carbonylation reactions represents a significant challenge in catalysis. Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have postulated as promising candidates able to combine the strengths of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. In this paper, we review recent advances in tailoring solid supports for SACs to enhance their catalytic performance in carbonylation reactions. We first discuss the effect of supports on the hydroformylation reaction catalysed by SACs, followed by recent advances for methanol, ethanol, and dimethyl ether carbonylation reactions, focusing on the design of halide‐free catalysts with improved activity and stability. Finally, oxidative carbonylation is discussed. Overall, this review highlights the importance of tailoring solid supports for SACs to achieve highly active and selective catalysts in carbonylation reactions, paving the way for future developments in sustainable catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immobilized Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling under continuous‐flow conditions using a packed‐bed reactor, representing an efficient, automated, practical, and safe technology compared to conventional batch‐type reactions. The core objective of this study is the development of an active and durable catalyst. In contrast to supported Pd nanoparticles, the attachment of Pd complexes onto solid supports through well‐defined coordination sites is considered a favorable approach for preparing highly dispersed and stabilized Pd species. These species can be directly employed in various flow reactions without the need for pre‐treatment. This concept paper explores recent achievements involving the application of immobilized Pd complexes as precatalysts for continuous‐flow Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling. Our focus is to elucidate the significance of the designed catalyst structures in relation to their catalytic performance under flow conditions. Additionally, we highlight various reaction systems and catalyst packing methods, emphasizing their crucial roles in establishing a practical synthesis process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

γ‐Valerolactone (GVL) can be obtained by efficient hydrogenation of levulinic acid using ruthenium‐based catalysts in an aqueous medium. This paper reports an in‐depth study on the activity and selectivity of Ru catalysts supported on zirconia‐alumina, focusing on the effect of Ru concentration (0.5, 1.5 and 3 wt. % of Ru) and the selection of operational reaction variables. The results showed that the activity strongly depends on the number and oxidation state of the supported ruthenium particles. The most active catalyst, Ru3/ZA, presented the highest number of nanometric particles of zerovalent Ru and the highest number of acid sites. This catalyst gave ca. 100 % selectivity towards GVL, at high conversion of levulinic acid (over 99 %) under the best operating conditions evaluated (120 °C, 3 MPa H2 pressure, 1 h of reaction, and 0.1 g of catalyst). In addition, this catalyst kept high levels of conversion and selectivity after successive reuse cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selective catalytic reduction of NOx by CO (CO‐SCR) holds considerable promise as a simple and cost‐effective technology capable of concurrently removing CO and NOx from mobile and stationary sources. This is especially pertinent for industry sectors with high CO emissions, such as the iron and steel industry, making CO‐SCR an attractive solution with significant industrial applicability. However, despite the promising industrial potential of CO‐SCR technology, its widespread adoption is hindered by several factors, most notably the impacts of SO2, H2O, and O2 on catalyst performance and stability. Current research on these limiting factors is not exhaustive, posing challenges for the comprehensive industrial implementation of CO‐SCR technology. Therefore, this review paper focuses on the variables impeding the industrial utilization of CO‐SCR, summarizing existing bottlenecks and emphasizing the urgent need to address the inhibitory effects of O2 on the CO‐SCR reaction, a critical issue in contemporary research. This review aims to clearly articulate the key challenges of CO‐SCR technology and provide direction for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a waxberry‐like MnS/Ni3S4 composite catalyst was designed and synthesized. In this coating structure, MnS is located inside and Ni3S4 is wrapped on the surface to form a spherical structure. This structure makes the material show excellent stability in the electrocatalytic process. The diffusion staggered region structure formed at the two‐phase interface greatly enhances the synergistic interaction between MnS and Ni3S4. At the same time, the defects and vacancies formed by the diffusion mechanism at the interface of the two phases increase the active site and improve the interfacial electron transfer kinetics. Therefore, MnS/Ni3S4 composites showed good catalytic performance for ORR/OER. At 10 mA cm−2, the overpotential of it is only 320 mV, and the half‐wave potential can reach 0.81 V. The catalyst also exhibited extraordinary cycle stability and small voltage gap when used as cathode of Zn‐air batteries. When the current density is 3 mA cm−2, the cyclic discharge can be stable for 400 h and the voltage difference between the front and back does not increase more than. When the current density increases to 5 mA cm−2, the cyclic charge and discharge can be stable for more than 300 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, CaxZn10‐xFe20 catalysts were prepared by the co‐precipitation method and applied to CO2 hydrogenation. The experimental results show that the CO2 conversion of the catalyst Ca1Zn9Fe20 at a Ca doping amount of 1 mmol can reach 57.91 %, which is 13.5 % more than the CO2 conversion of the catalyst Zn10Fe20. Moreover, the catalyst Ca1Zn9Fe20 has the lowest selectivity for both CO and CH4, with 7.40 % and 6.99 %, respectively. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption‐desorption, CO2‐TPD, H2‐TPR, and XPS. The results demonstrate that the doping of Ca increases the basic sites on the catalyst surface and thus allows the catalyst to adsorb more CO2 to promote the reaction. Besides, the Ca doping amount of 1 mmol can suppress the formation of graphitic carbon on the catalyst surface and prevent the excess graphitic carbon from covering the active site Fe5C2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different promoters have a significant impact on the catalyst performance. In this paper, the effects of different promoters on the physical properties and catalytic behavior of methane dry reforming catalysts were investigated. A series of characterizations showed that the Mg, Ba, and Ca promoters increased the basicity of the catalysts. However, their high concentration of OH− leads to the destruction of Ni3Si2O5(OH)4 species, which results in a decrease of catalytic performance. The addition of Ce significantly improves the catalyst stability. After 100 h of Ni‐5Ce‐MSC reaction, there was almost no carbon deposition, exhibiting high activity and resistance to carbon accumulation. These findings provide a new perspective for the design of nickel‐based dry reforming catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to describe and validate two cells designed to monitor, by in situ quick‐EXAFS, the transformation of Mo based oxidic species occurring during maturation and drying preparation steps of a single hydrodesulfurization catalyst. These transformations occur firstly upon impregnation/maturation, due to the contact of the acidic impregnation solution with the basic alumina support, and furthermore upon drying. The Mo K edge in situ quick‐EXAFS monitoring of these two elementary preparation steps is hereby reported for the first time, providing quantitative results of the Mo‐speciation. Ex situ Raman spectroscopy is used effectively as a complement. It considers an impregnation solution with a Mo concentration of 0.75 M and molar ratios of P/Mo 0.56 and Co/Mo 0.4. A two‐step drying mechanism is proposed to explain the evolution of the Mo‐speciation during in situ drying where Strandberg's, Anderson's and Dawson's HPAs are transformed into lacunary Keggin's HPA, octa‐ and monomolybdates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the conversion of acetophenone to α‐ketothioamide was reported in the presence of CuI as the catalyst and S8/DMF as the coupling partners. The presence of both KF and NaOH was found to be necessary to achieve the high yield of the product. Propiophenone and butyrophenone also reacted in the presence of phenylboronic acid as an additive. Willgerodt‐Kindler products were not observed in these reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]