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2. Effect of Deinking Paper Sludge on Thermal, Energetic, and Mechanical Properties of Fired Clay Bricks.
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Makni, Hajer, Khlif, Mohamed, and Bradai, Chedly
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BRICKS , *RECYCLED paper , *THERMAL insulation , *HAZARDOUS wastes , *PAPER pulp , *CLAY , *SLUDGE management - Abstract
The production of pulp and paper from recycled paper generates significant quantities of deinking paper sludge (DPS). This sludge contains a significant amount of organic matter (36%) as well as heavy metals such as Pb, Zn, and Cr. In this work, the incorporation of DPS (0%, 8%, 10%, and 12%) in the manufacture of clay bricks leads to valorization of this waste by showing that two of its contents considered problematic (organic matter and heavy metals) have several positive effects. It was found that the organic parts were transformed into pores after brick firing (850°C), which improved thermal insulation while keeping mechanical resistance in conformity with usual standards. For the heavy metals, which make DPS a hazardous waste, a leaching test was employed. The results show that these metals were trapped in the ceramic matrix after the firing of bricks at a high temperature, resulting in a final product that was not dangerous. Other tests were carried out on bricks with DPS to evaluate density, water absorption, shrinkage, loss on ignition, porosity, and microstructure in order to characterize this new product. It was concluded that DPS can be used in clay bricks as an asset for the formation of pores to enhance thermal insulation. The addition of DPS can be optimized at 10% to comply with the standard and not exceed the required values for shrinkage, water absorption, and loss on ignition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Optimizing CO2 Adsorption/Desorption via the Coupling of Imidazole and Carbon Nanotubes Paper for Spontaneous CO2 Uptake from Ambient Air and Solar‐Driven Release.
- Author
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Li, Chujia, Cao, Xuebo, Liu, Guangchun, Huang, Lin, Chu, Mingming, Cheng, Ruobing, Wang, Aijun, and Xu, Zhen
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GREENHOUSE effect , *CARBON paper , *CARBON sequestration , *DENSITY functional theory , *CARBON nanotubes - Abstract
Direct air capture (DAC) is a sustainable technology to alleviate the greenhouse effect and a reliable pathway to acquire inexhaustible CO2 for the production of costly chemicals and energy products. Current DAC technologies with amine‐related sorbents rely on chemisorption, while they consume intensive energy for CO2 release and sorbent regeneration by heating. Developing new DAC processes with weak, reversible adsorption can substantially reduce the regeneration energies. Herein, the design of CO2 breathing paper (CBP) is demonstrated toward spontaneous CO2 extraction from ambient air and solar‐driven regeneration. The CBP is fabricated by coupling 2‐ethyl‐4‐methylimidazole to carbon nanotube paper on the basis of density functional theory calculations. At ambient conditions, CBP spontaneously captures atmospheric CO2 with a capacity of 0.14–1.75 mmol g–1 at 0–35 °C through non‐covalent electrostatic interaction. Upon exposure to sunlight, all adsorbed CO2 can be released and converted to concentrated gas for storage. Attractively, the efficiency of solar‐driven CO2 release is much higher than the traditional temperature‐swing method owing to the IR sensitivity of CO2. Besides the reversibility, the mild conditions also ensure the durability of CBP. These findings suggest that the CBP is a promising candidate for cost‐effective DAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Forecasting Türkiye's Paper and Paper Products Sector Import Using Artificial Neural Networks.
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GÜR, Yunus Emre and EŞİDİR, Kamil Abdullah
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PAPER products industry , *ARTIFICIAL neural networks , *RADIAL basis functions , *MULTILAYER perceptrons , *INDEPENDENT variables - Abstract
The paper and paper products sector is a crucial component of the Turkish economy, characterized by significant interactions with various other sectors. Türkiye imports substantial amounts of paper, playing a vital role in the growth and sustainability of this sector. Accurate import forecasting is essential for strategic planning and resource management. This study aims to forecast the imports of the Turkish paper sector for the period from April 2023 to March 2024 using two artificial neural network (ANN) models: Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Radial Basis Function (RBF). The dataset, obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat), covers 219 months of data from 2005 to 2023. The dependent variable is Türkiye’s monthly import value of paper and paper products, while the independent variables include the monthly average US Dollar exchange rate, monthly imports of Türkiye, the Manufacturing Industry Production Index, the Paper Production Index, and the monthly exports of paper and paper products from Türkiye. The MLP model forecasts that the monthly imports of paper and paper products will range between 270 to 300 million USD, while the RBF model predicts values between 268 and 321 million USD. These findings underscore the efficacy of ANNs in providing accurate and reliable forecasts. This study addresses a gap in the literature by applying ANN methods to forecast imports in the paper and paper products sector, presenting a novel approach that can assist companies in making better-informed decisions regarding inventory management, production planning, and marketing strategies. By leveraging the advanced computational power and pattern recognition capabilities of ANNs, the study aims to enhance the strategic planning processes in the paper and paper products industry. The traditional methods often used in trade data analysis and forecasting are limited in capturing the complex and non-linear relationships present in economic data. This study's application of ANNs offers a significant advancement by utilizing models that can better handle such complexities. The accuracy of the MLP and RBF models highlights their potential as valuable tools for economic forecasting, providing insights that are crucial for optimizing supply chain operations and improving market responsiveness. The results indicate that companies can achieve better operational performance and increased customer satisfaction by effectively forecasting future import requirements. The originality of this study lies in its methodological approach, utilizing ANN models to forecast import values in a sector where traditional methods have been predominant. This innovative approach not only contributes to the existing body of knowledge but also offers practical applications for businesses within the sector. The detailed analysis of the data, combined with the robust modeling techniques employed, provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the dynamics of paper imports and making strategic decisions based on accurate predictions. In conclusion, the study demonstrates the significant success of artificial neural networks in predicting import values for the Turkish paper and paper products sector. The findings provide valuable information that can aid companies in strategic planning, enhancing their ability to manage inventory, plan production, and develop effective market strategies. The research contributes to the literature by filling a gap with its innovative approach, offering new perspectives and practical applications for improving decision-making processes in the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. The core–shell structure ZIF-67/MIL-101 (Fe)-modified carbon paper electrode: high sensitivity and selectivity for the determination of baicalin.
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Gao, Yali, Pang, Wanyu, Chang, Xile, Hu, Zhiyong, Hu, Tuoping, and Ma, Xuemei
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CARBON paper , *CARBON electrodes , *X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy , *ELECTROCHEMICAL sensors , *TRANSMISSION electron microscopy - Abstract
Baicalin (Bn) is one of the flavonoids with various biological activities, and its accurate determination is of great significance to clinical medicine. The new "MOF-on-MOF" materials have a broad application prospect. ZIF-67 and MIL-101(Fe) are typical metal–organic frame (MOF) materials, which have the advantages of flexible structure, large specific surface area, large porosity, and adjustable pore size. In this paper, a disposable and sensitive Bn electrochemical sensor based on ZIF-67/MIL-101(Fe) composite modified carbon paper (CP) electrode was developed for the first time. The sensing nanomaterials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to evaluate the electrochemical behavior of Bn on different modified electrodes. The results showed that ZIF-67/MIL-101(Fe)/CP exhibited a well-defined redox peak compared with bare CP, ZIF-67/CP, and MIL-101(Fe)/CP, which was attributed to the synergistic effect of ZIF-67 and MIL-101(Fe). Under optimal conditions, the electrochemical sensor was able to quantify Bn in the ranges of 0.01 ~ 3 µM and 3 ~ 6 µM with a detection limit (LOD) as low as 0.009 µM (S/N = 3). In addition, the sensor was successfully used for the quantitative analysis of Bn in Dual yellow oral liquid with reliable results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Characteristics and degradability of laser print waste paper fiber reinforced PLA resin matrix composite materials.
- Author
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Zhang, Xiaolin, Chang, Xing, Xu, Long, Huang, Maocai, Zuo, Liyuan, Cao, Jing, Wu, Yali, Li, Xin, Yang, Menghao, Gao, Limin, and Bo, Xiangfeng
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WASTE paper , *LASER printing , *WOOD-pulp , *LACTIC acid , *RENEWABLE natural resources - Abstract
As is well known, Laser print paper is usually produced with high‐quality chemical wood pulp. The laser print waste paper fiber (LPWF) is a high‐quality secondary fiber, and the research and development of high‐value utilization technology for laser print waste paper has attracted much attention in the field of renewable resource recycling. In this study, LPWF was used to reinforce poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites in the field, and the composites were modified with bioenzyme, cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM), and nano‐silicon carbide (Nano‐SiC) to enhance the interfacial compatibility of LPWF/PLA composites. The study systematically investigated the effects of various modification methods on the characteristics and degradability of composites made from laser print waste paper fiber reinforced PLA resin matrix. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the composites treated with CPAM and Nano‐SiC were significantly improved, with tensile strengths of 54.3 and 59.5 MPa, and flexural strengths of 85.1 and 91.5 MPa, respectively, and the water absorption of the composites was reduced after the modification treatment, while the thermal stability was improved. The degradation performance of the composites in various water environments indicated that the inclusion of LPWF accelerated the water degradation rate of the composites, with the maximum degradation rate of the composite reaching 1.26% in 30 days. Highlights: Laser print waste paper is an excellent quality recyclable fiber resource.Four modifiers were used to modify LPWF/PLA composites.Characteristics and degradability of the composites were investigated.Significantly improved properties of CPAM and Nano‐SiC modified composites.The degradation rate of composites is increased by the addition of LPWF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent through combined aerobic and anaerobic suspended fixed‐bed bioreactor.
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Pant, Apourv, Dwivedi, Anuj Kumar, Murasingh, Surajit, Singh, Deepak, Mayank, Muskan, and Ojha, Chandra Shekhar Prasad
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ATOMIC force microscopy techniques , *PAPER industry , *CHEMICAL oxygen demand , *SUSTAINABILITY , *PAPER pulp , *ULTRAFILTRATION - Abstract
This study explored using ultrafiltration (UF) membranes to treat pulp and paper mill wastewater, implementing a novel Taguchi experimental design to optimize operating conditions for pollutant removal and minimal membrane fouling. Researchers examined four factors: pH, temperature, transmembrane pressure, and volume reduction factor (VRF), each at three levels. Optimal conditions (pH 10, 25°C, 6 bar, VRF 3) led to a 35% reduction in flux due to fouling and high pollutant rejections: total hardness (83%), sulfate (97%), spectral absorption coefficient (SAC254) (95%), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (89%). Conductivity had a lower rejection rate of 50%. Advanced imaging techniques like atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed reduced membrane fouling under these conditions. The Taguchi method effectively identified optimal conditions, significantly improving wastewater treatment efficiency and promoting environmental sustainability in the pulp and paper industry. Practitioner Points: This study optimized UF membrane conditions for pulp and paper mill wastewater, reducing fouling and enhancing pollutant removal, offering practical strategies for industrial treatment.AFM and SEM provided key insights into membrane fouling and mitigation, promoting real‐time diagnosis and optimization for enhanced treatment efficiency.Prioritizing anaerobic fixed‐bed systems in wastewater treatment is beneficial for achieving high COD removal efficiency. Optimizing hydraulic retention time (HRT) in these systems can further improve their overall effectiveness and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Insights into Occlusal Analysis: Articulating Paper versus Digital Devices.
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Manziuc, Manuela-Maria, Savu, Mara Mihaela, Almăşan, Oana, Leucuţa, Daniel-Corneliu, Tăut, Manuela, Ifrim, Cosmin, Berindean, Denisa, Kui, Andreea, Negucioiu, Marius, and Buduru, Smaranda
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DIGITAL technology , *ELECTRONIC paper , *WILCOXON signed-rank test , *THIRD molars , *TEETH - Abstract
Background: As the demand for digital dentistry constantly increases, digital devices are gradually replacing conventional methods of recording occlusal contacts. The study aimed to assess the inter-rater reliability of occlusal contact point detection using 40 μm articulating paper, Medit i700, and OccluSense and to compare the distribution of occlusal contacts using the articulating paper and intraoral scanner. Material and Methods: The study included 25 participants aged 20 to 30 (13 women and 12 men). Photographs of contact points were taken and marked in maximum intercuspal position (MIP), in protrusive and laterotrusive movements, on working and non-working sides using 40 μm articulating paper and digital devices. The Cohen's Kappa coefficient assessed the inter-rater reliability. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare dependent groups, articulating paper, and Medit i700. Results: The Cohen's Kappa index showed that almost perfect agreement was achieved with 40 μm articulating paper. Compared to Medit i700, the 40 μm articulating paper showed an increased mean number of contacts per tooth, except for the third molars. Conclusions: The 40 μm articulating paper has detected more overall contacts than the digital devices, particularly in the posterior areas. An ideal method for registering occlusal contacts has not been established yet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. Preparation of Paper-Based Fluorescent Sensors and Their Application for the Detection of Cu 2+ in Water.
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Ma, Yue, Li, Hui, Li, Yufeng, and Wei, Dong
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FILTER paper , *ENVIRONMENTAL quality , *POLYETHYLENEIMINE , *ENVIRONMENTAL health , *COPPER - Abstract
Excessive copper (Cu2+) causes adverse effects on human health and the ecological environment. Traditional methods for detecting Cu2+ have drawbacks such as high detection costs, complex operating conditions, and being time consuming. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop simple detection methods to better meet specific health and environment quality needs. In this work, a paper-based fluorescence sensor was prepared (herein referred to as the as-prepared method) by immersing filter paper in aqueous polyethyleneimine (PEI) solution, and its potential use in Cu2+ detection was investigated. The results showed that the as-prepared paper samples, with fluorescence properties obtained by aggregation-induced luminescence of PEI, have selective recognition of Cu2+ based on the internal filtration effect, and the lowest detection limit is 0.03 μM. In addition, the relative error of this method is in the range of 1.80~2.23%, which is relatively comparable to the national standard method (0.63~630 μM), demonstrating high accuracy. Therefore, paper-based sensors with a simple preparation method have potential applications in the detection of Cu2+ in water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Cellulose nanocrystal extraction from tissue paper wastes using different extraction methods and cellulose acetate production.
- Author
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Saleh, M., M’barek, I., and Dizge, N.
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ENERGY dispersive X-ray spectroscopy , *WASTE paper , *CELLULOSE synthase , *SCANNING electron microscopy , *INFRARED spectroscopy , *CELLULOSE acetate - Abstract
This paper examines the feasibility of extracting cellulose from tissue paper wastes (TPW’s) using several methods: sonication (SC), subcritical (SU), microwave (MC), and microwave with diluted acid (MA). The chemical characterisation and morphological properties of nanocrystal cellulose were investigated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-Ray analysis (SEM-EDX). TPW’s have a relatively high crystallinity index (CrI = 61.02%). It was found to be lower than that for cellulose extracted using SU and SC MC, MA methods, where CrI to 65.65%, 68.07%, 69.21% and 73.42%, respectively. The MA method yielded cellulose with the highest CrI and altered surface morphology. This cellulose was selected for cellulose acetate synthesis. After acetylation, the CrI decreased to 61.45%, and the morphological aspect was changed. In conclusion, nanocrystal cellulose was successfully extracted from TPW’s and effectively changed to its esterified form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. Bioethanol Production from Paper Sludge by Subcritical Water Pretreatment and Semi-simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation.
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Okajima, Idzumi, Muto, Masato, Morimoto, Shingo, Nauchi, Kazuki, Kodama, Yuta, Park, Enoch Y., and Sako, Takeshi
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WASTE paper , *WASTE recycling , *ETHANOL as fuel , *RAW materials , *ENZYME inhibitors - Abstract
Paper sludge (PS) from paper mills has a significant potential for bioethanol production. In this study, waste-paper-containing PS is used as the raw material for bioethanol production because the annual waste paper utilization rate has increased globally. Although PS does not require delignification, the antiseptics and deinking agents in waste paper-containing PS inhibit enzymatic reactions such as saccharification and fermentation. Their removal is important, but it has not yet been reported. Using subcritical water pretreatment, the selective decomposition of enzyme inhibitors in PS is examined without the generation of other enzyme inhibitors. The optimum pretreatment conditions are identified as 240 °C, 3.3 MPa, 3 min, and pH 4.5. Glucose was obtained in 71% yield from pretreated 5 wt% PS using cellulase, which is 5.5 times higher than that from unpretreated PS. This is because the reactivity of the pretreated PS increases with increasing surface area of the cellulose fibers, and the cellulase inhibitors are decomposed by subcritical water. Next, semi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation treatments are performed to produce bioethanol from waste-paper-containing PS. The bioethanol yield based on cellulose after 96 h is 68% for PS pretreated with subcritical water, whereas the bioethanol yield is 6% for unpretreated PS. Therefore, subcritical water pretreatment increases the bioethanol yield by 11 times. The proposed method may enable the use of large amounts of PS as ethanol feedstock in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. A green approach to nanoplastic detection: SERS with untreated filter paper for polystyrene nanoplastics.
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Chaisrikhwun, Boonphop, Balani, Mary Jane Dacillo, Ekgasit, Sanong, Xie, Yunfei, Ozaki, Yukihiro, and Pienpinijtham, Prompong
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SERS spectroscopy , *FILTER paper , *SUSTAINABILITY , *SILVER nanoparticles , *NANOPARTICLES - Abstract
Plastic pollution at the nanoscale continues to pose adverse effects on environmental sustainability and human health. However, the detection of nanoplastics (NPLs) remains challenging due to limitations in methodology and instrumentation. Herein, a "green approach" for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was exploited to detect polystyrene nanospheres (PSNSs) in water, employing untreated filter paper and a simple syringe-filtration set-up. This SERS protocol not only enabled the filtration of nano-sized PSNSs, which are smaller than the pore size of the ordinary filter paper, but also offered SERS enhancement by utilizing quasi-spherical-shaped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as the SERS-active substrate. The filtering of NPLs was accomplished by adding an aggregating agent to the nanoparticle mixture, which caused the aggregation of NPLs and AgNPs, resulting in a larger cluster and more hot spots for SERS detection. The optimal aggregating agent and its concentration, as well as the volume ratio between the AgNPs and NPLs, were also optimized. This SERS method successfully detected and quantified PSNSs of various sizes (i.e., 100, 300, 460, 600, and 800 nm) down to a limit of detection (LOD) of about 0.31 μg mL−1. The method was also validated against the presence of several interferents (i.e., salts, sugars, amino acids, and surfactants) and was proven practical, as evidenced by the detection of 800nm PSNSs in drinking and tap water (LODs of 1.47 and 1.55 μg mL−1, respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Air-Drying Time Affects Mortality of Pyrethroid-Susceptible Aedes aegypti Exposed to Transfluthrin-Treated Filter Papers.
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Kim, Dae-Yun, Hii, Jeffrey, and Chareonviriyaphap, Theeraphap
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AEDES aegypti , *FILTER paper , *HIGH throughput screening (Drug development) , *DISEASE vectors , *MOSQUITO control , *PYRETHROIDS - Abstract
Simple Summary: This study emphasizes the significance of appropriate air-drying times in toxicity bioassays to accurately establish sublethal concentrations and discriminating concentrations for resistance detection in mosquitoes to a highly volatile pyrethroid, namely, transfluthrin. The high-throughput screening system toxicity bioassay study demonstrated consistent dose-dependent responses in susceptible mosquito populations. Our findings emphasize the importance of accurate susceptibility testing to facilitate early resistance detection. The air-drying duration significantly affected the efficacy of transfluthrin: after drying for 24 h, the concentration needed to achieve the same level of efficacy was 2.8 times higher compared to the concentration needed after 1 h of drying. This is the first study to evaluate spatial repellents using a high-throughput screening system toxicity bioassay, yielding precise sublethal concentrations and discriminating concentrations for varying air-drying times of transfluthrin-treated filter papers. The study underscores the importance of early detection of resistant mosquito populations and emphasizes the need to optimize air-drying durations in toxicity bioassays. Selecting the right concentrations and assessing behavioral responses are crucial for developing effective mosquito control strategies with spatial repellents. This research enhances our understanding of resistance dynamics and provides guidance for practical implementation in vector control programs. Increasing temperature can enhance the geographical spread and behavior of disease vector mosquitoes, exposing vulnerable populations to Aedes-borne viruses and infections. To address this risk, cost-effective and sustained intervention vector control tools are required, such as volatile pyrethroid spatial repellents. This study used a high-throughput screening system toxicity bioassay to determine the discriminating concentrations of transfluthrin-treated filter papers with variable air-drying times exposed to pyrethroid-susceptible Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. At the highest transfluthrin concentration (0.01706%), a significant reduction in mosquito mortality was observed in filter papers air-dried for 24 h compared to those air-dried for 1 h (odds ratio = 0.390, p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval: 0.23–0.66). Conversely, no significant difference in mortality was found between filter papers air-dried for 1 h and those air-dried for 12 h (odds ratio = 0.646, p = 0.107, 95% confidence interval: 0.38–1.10). The discriminating concentration was 2.8-fold higher for transfluthrin-treated filter papers air-dried for 24 h than it was for papers air-dried for 1 h, and it increased 5-fold from 1 h to 336 h of air-drying. These results show that the optimal air-drying period of transfluthrin-treated filter paper is critical, as higher discriminating concentration values may lead to underestimations of insecticide resistance. The instability of transfluthrin-treated papers necessitates the use of the World Health Organization (WHO) bottle bioassay, which is the preferred method for determining mosquito susceptibility to volatile insecticides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. Recyclability of Paper‐Based Composites for Packaging Applications – The Role of Evaluation Methods.
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Kochersperger, Summer and Schabel, Samuel
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WASTE recycling , *PAPER recycling , *EVALUATION methodology , *SUSTAINABLE development , *RECYCLED paper - Abstract
Composites are pivotal in Europe's evolving packaging sector, which is undergoing changes due to circular and bioeconomy initiatives, which prioritize eco‐friendly packaging. Despite paper's high recycling rates, dynamic markets challenge recycling and circularity. Innovative paper‐based composites demand flexible recyclability assessments, which impacts product development. Recyclability methods are evolving as they struggle to match the dynamic changes occurring in the packaging sector. This article outlines paper recycling and compares global lab recyclability evaluation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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15. Intermetallic TiFe particles generation within porous monolithic carbon materials arising from paper mill waste and their cooperative hydrogen storage properties.
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Poupart, Romain, Cona, Christophe, Labrugère-Sarroste, Christine, Deleuze, Hervé, Backov, Rénal, and Bobet, Jean-Louis
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PAPER mill waste , *SULFATE waste liquor , *CARBON-based materials , *HYDROGEN storage , *WASTE paper - Abstract
A new materials composed of TiFe particles stabilized onto a carbon support is described. The carbon support is derived from a waste from the paper industry called Kraft Black liquor. The particles are generated through an impregnation/reduction process of a mixture of titanium ethoxide and iron nitrate followed by a thermal treatment. The generated particles have been investigated through XPS, XRD and SEM analysis as well as tested for hydrogen storage. The hydrogen storage at 25 °C leads to a capacity of up to 0.5 wt% while at 150 °C, free of the carbon absorption, leads to a capacity of 0.2 wt% without any prior activation process. Novel TiF@carbo(HIPE) materials have been synthesized while employing Kraft black liquor as carbonaceous source. A specific carbo-reduction thermal treatment allows a synergetic TiFe particles external shell reduction concomitant with the surrounding carbonaceous backbone oxidation enhancing thereby the materials specific surface area and associated microporosity. Pre-activation free, TiFe@Carbo(HIPE) can achieve a capacity up to 0.5 wt% at 25 °C where TiFe particles and the carbonaceous host support are acting cooperatively. [Display omitted] • Generation and characterization of carbon from a waste from the paper industry. • Generation of TiFe nanoparticles on the carbon. • Characterization of the TiFe nanoparticles. • Use of the hybrid composite TiFe@Carbon for hydrogen storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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16. High‐efficiency modification of PET by the low addition of a self‐assembled functional nanocellulose film prepared from waste paper.
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Lei, Wanqing, Hou, Jingyu, Fang, Changqing, Qin, Jianqin, Zhou, Xing, and Li, Lu
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PAPER recycling , *WASTE paper , *WASTE recycling , *POLYETHYLENE terephthalate , *PACKAGING waste , *PACKAGING recycling - Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a conventional packaging material. Its modification has attracted immense attention in the industry and academia. Here, office waste paper, white cardboard waste, and waste corrugated paper were first employed as raw materials for cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) extraction by acid hydrolysis. Thereafter, CNC/PET composite films with various CNC additions were prepared via a self‐assembly technique. The results revealed that the CNCs formed a self‐assembled film on the PET surface via the synergistic effect of the complex interactions among the CNCs as well as between the CNCs and PET. Moreover, the CNCs improved the barrier property of PET and decreased the oxygen and water vapor transmittances of CNC/PET by 30.7% and 21.7%, respectively. Additionally, the coating of the PET surface with 0.2 wt.% CNCs extracted from the waste paper decreased the surface wettability of PET, exhibiting application potentials in the hydrophobic modification of polymers. This study realized waste paper recycling and provided a basis for constructing self‐assembled functional films on PET surfaces. The findings and insights of this study could exhibit application potentials in the fields of waste recycling and packaging materials. Highlights: A functional cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) film is prepared from waste paper.Self‐assembled CNC is coated on a PET surface to form a CNC/PET composite film.The synergistic interactions among CNCs and between CNC and PET modified PET.The low addition of CNCs realized the efficiency modification of PET.The study achieves waste paper recycling and high‐value utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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17. Enhancing performance of anion exchange membrane electrolyzer through modification of carbon paper liquid-gas diffusion layer.
- Author
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Zhang, Xianwen, Shao, Xin, Wang, Chen, Peng, Hao, Cao, Feiyue, and Zhou, Taotao
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ION-permeable membranes , *CARBON paper , *HYDROGEN evolution reactions , *SCANNING electron microscopes , *ELECTRODE performance - Abstract
In this study, the microstructure of carbon fiber paper is modified through H 3 PO 4 etching to enhance the electrolyzer performance. The effects of different H 3 PO 4 concentrations and different soaking times on the hydrogen evolution reaction are firstly investigated. The electrochemical test results show that the best performance of etched electrodes is achieved at a H 3 PO 4 concentration of 1 M and a soaking time of 12 h, with a significant reduction in charge transfer resistance and overpotential. Subsequently, to explore the change mechanism in electrochemical properties, the microstructure of the carbon paper is investigated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) tests, which show uniformly distributed micropores appear on the surface of the carbon fibers after etching, and the porosity increases from 0.74 to 0.8. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) tests show that the specific surface area of the carbon paper increases from 0.72 m2/g to 4.06 m2/g, which effectively increases the interfacial contact area between the catalyst layer and the liquid gas diffusion layer. Furthermore, a 3D multi-physics model is established to further elucidate the impact mechanism of changes in porosity, conductivity, and active specific surface area on the performance of anion exchange membrane electrolyzer, with changes in active specific surface area having the greatest effect. • Microporous structure of the carbon paper LGDL is modified by etching. • The etching method effectively improves the performance of AEMEL. • The increase in specific surface area and porosity greatly reduces the resistance. • Numerical modeling to analyze the impact of microscopic parameters on AEMEL. • LGDL with high specific surface area has a positive effect on AEMEL's development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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18. Paper Substrates: Material suppliers have emphasized the growing demand for sustainability in their newest products
- Author
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Hrinya, Greg
- Subjects
Avery Dennison Corp. -- Product introduction ,Raw materials -- Supply and demand -- Product introduction ,Commercial printing industry -- Supply and demand -- Product introduction ,Printing industry -- Supply and demand -- Product introduction ,Environmental sustainability ,Paper products industry -- Product introduction ,Logistics ,Printing industry ,Business ,Computers and office automation industries ,Publishing industry - Abstract
The past few years have been challenging, to say the least. The label and package printing industry, in particular, has faced significant challenges such as demand spikes, raw material shortages, [...]
- Published
- 2024
19. Efficient preparation and characterization of carbon fiber paper using phenolic resin in-pulp addition method.
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Huang, Shancong, Ye, Jin, Su, Mimi, Zhang, Yu, Meng, Yu, Meng, Xuan, and Xia, Xinxing
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PHENOLIC resins , *CARBON paper , *CARBON fibers , *PROTON exchange membrane fuel cells , *PORE size distribution , *COAGULANTS , *PROTON conductivity - Abstract
Carbon fiber paper (CFP) is one of the most widely used gas diffusion layer materials for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) due to its excellent properties such as high conductivity, high strength, high air permeability and corrosion resistance. In this study, CFP was prepared using the phenolic resin (PF) in-pulp addition method. The effect of PF content on the properties of hot-pressed paper (HPP) and CFP was investigated. The results showed that when the dosage of polyethylene oxide (PEO) was 1.5 wt%, the flocculation effect of PEO on PF was basically complete, and the water filterability and retention of carbon fiber pulp were relatively optimal. After HPP was carbonized into CFP, the hydrophobicity, average pore size, porosity, and air permeability increased, while the resistivity and tensile strength decreased. With the increase of PF content, the tensile strength of CFP gradually increased, while the average pore size, porosity, air permeability and resistivity decreased. When the PF content was 250 wt%, the average pore size of CFP was 36.5 μm, the water contact angle was 127°, the porosity was 69.7%, the air permeability was 7.81 × 103 mL mm/(cm2·h·mmHg), the resistivity was 21.1 mΩ cm, and the tensile strength was 15.7 MPa. In addition, the CFP prepared using PF in-pulp addition method had a relativity uniform pore size distribution and high air permeability. Therefore, this work shows that the CFP prepared using this technique exhibits excellent comprehensive performance, and enables the manufacturing of CFP to be more efficient, low-cost, and environmentally friendly. [Display omitted] • Carbon fiber paper was prepared efficiently using the phenolic resin in-pulp addition method. • Polyethylene oxide exhibits strong adsorption ability on phenolic resin in carbon fiber pulp. • The melting temperature of phenolic resin is a critical point in the preparation process of carbon fiber paper. • Carbon fiber paper possesses a relatively uniform pore size distribution and high air permeability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Effect of Carbon Fiber Paper with Thickness Gradient on Electromagnetic Shielding Performance of X-Band.
- Author
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Liu, Zhi, Song, Meiping, Liang, Weiqi, Gao, Xueping, and Zhu, Bo
- Subjects
- *
CARBON paper , *ELECTROMAGNETIC shielding , *MULTIPLE scattering (Physics) , *ELECTROMAGNETIC fields , *ELECTROMAGNETIC waves , *CARBON fibers - Abstract
Flexible paper-based materials play a crucial role in the field of flexible electromagnetic shielding due to their thinness and controllable shape. In this study, we employed the wet paper forming technique to prepare carbon fiber paper with a thickness gradient. The electromagnetic shielding performance of the carbon fiber paper varies with the ladder-like thickness distribution. Specifically, an increase in thickness gradient leads to higher reflectance of the carbon fiber paper. Within the X-band frequency range (8.2–12.4 GHz), reflectivity decreases as electromagnetic wave frequency increases, indicating enhanced penetration of electromagnetic waves into the interior of the carbon fiber paper. This enhancement is attributed to an increased fiber content per unit area resulting from a greater thickness gradient, which further enhances reflection loss and promotes internal multiple reflections and scattering effects, leading to increased absorption loss. Notably, at a 5 mm thickness, our carbon fiber paper exhibits an impressive average overall shielding performance, reaching 63.46 dB. Moreover, it exhibits notable air permeability and mechanical properties, thereby assuming a pivotal role in the realm of flexible wearable devices in the foreseeable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Utilizing de‐inked paper sludge for sustainable production of medium‐density fiberboard: A comprehensive study.
- Author
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Ashori, Alireza, Mahmoudi Najafi, Seyed Heydar, Heydari, Vahid, Besharatifar, Kamran, Sharifi Taskouh, Hamed, and Maghsoodi, Davood
- Subjects
- *
SUSTAINABILITY , *PAPER mill waste , *FIBERBOARD , *CRYSTAL whiskers , *WASTE recycling , *ADHESION , *MOISTURE - Abstract
This study investigated converting abundant paper mill waste, de‐inked paper sludge (DPS), into value‐added medium‐density fiberboard (MDF) panels. The objective was to repurpose this solid waste into a valuable material that aligns with the principles of a circular economy. Previous research has examined the addition of paper sludge to wood composites, but there is limited information on the specific incorporation of DPS into MDF production. This investigation offers new insights into this application. MDF panels were manufactured using hardwood fibers, with varying levels of urea‐formaldehyde resin (10% and 12% by weight) and different loadings of DPS (ranging from 0% to 50% by weight). X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of defective DPS fiber crystals. Contact angle measurements confirmed that DPS had poor wettability, corresponding to increased water absorption. As more DPS was incorporated, the mechanical properties of the panels progressively weakened due to defective fibers and poor adhesion between the fibers and the matrix. This was evident in scanning electron microscopy micrographs, which showed an escalation in interfacial flaws. Increasing the resin dosage noticeably improved the internal bond strength and reduced moisture uptake across all levels of DPS. However, at a DPS loading of 50%, the properties of the panels deteriorated by 36%–57% compared to the control MDF. Additionally, thickness swelling and water absorption increased significantly with higher DPS content, primarily due to the hydrophilic nature of the fibers. Based on optimization, it was determined that a DPS loading of 20% with a resin content of 12% provided the best balance between performance, waste utilization, cost, and moisture resistance. The reuse of abundant paper sludge supports the goals of a circular economy. However, strategies are required to tailor the processing methods and enable higher levels of recycled material without excessively compromising the key attributes of the product. Further research should focus on enhancing the quality of DPS and its compatibility with wood fibers and resin to enhance the performance of the composite material. Highlights: DPS from recycled paper mill assessed for MDF production with wood fibers and resinIncreasing DPS loading caused reductions in strength and adhesion of panelsWater absorption and thickness swelling markedly rose with more DPS additionIt was attributed to hydrophilic fibers and disrupted fiber‐matrix bondingOptimal formulation was 20% DPS loading and 12% resin content, balancing performance, waste utilization, and cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
22. Pulp and Paper Waste for Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites
- Author
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Gonzalez, Laura
- Subjects
Paper industry ,Polymer industry ,Fibers ,Refuse and refuse disposal ,Polymers ,Polymeric composites ,Business ,Chemicals, plastics and rubber industries ,Chemistry - Abstract
Fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRPCs) present a promising solution for diverting waste generated by the pulp and paper industry from landfills. The global pulp and paper industry generated 110 million tons [...]
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- 2024
23. From pen and paper to digital precision: a comprehensive review of on-farm recordkeeping.
- Author
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Basir, Md. Samiul, Buckmaster, Dennis, Raturi, Ankita, and Zhang, Yaguang
- Subjects
- *
FARM management , *ELECTRONIC paper , *DATABASES , *WEB-based user interfaces , *MOBILE apps - Abstract
In the present era of agricultural digitalization, documenting on-farm operations is critical. These records contextualize other layers of data and underpin economic analysis and informed decision-making. On-farm recordkeeping is rooted in an ancient tradition and has evolved from pen and paper to digital means integrating diverse tools and methods. These tools vary widely in mode of data recording and this presents challenges in achieving complete, accurate and interoperable data. Assessing this diversity of existing recordkeeping systems is a key step toward the improvement in recordkeeping systems that enhance data quality and interoperability. Despite the importance, as of present, comprehensive studies addressing this challenge are lacking. A systematic review of existing on-farm recordkeeping systems was carried out to address their advantages and weaknesses and to analyze their features and traits, focusing on interoperability and adherence to efficient and comprehensive on-farm recordkeeping. Paper-based recordkeeping, a longstanding and reliable method, is gradually being replaced by digital platforms. Many universities and agencies have released farm management spreadsheets and interactive database forms representing the initial step toward intuitive recordkeeping. Furthermore, farm management software, web apps, and user-friendly smartphone apps are increasingly crucial for handling agricultural big data. Notably, among the surveyed software packages and apps, most of them are not free and only a few support data interoperability. The survey also indicates a scope for further development in open-source tools with automation in recordkeeping. Adopting digital on-farm recordkeeping tools can positively impact both on and off the farm, fostering data interoperability, controlled yet flexible data access, completeness, and appropriate accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Microfibrous Carbon Paper Decorated with High-Density Manganese Dioxide Nanorods: An Electrochemical Nonenzymatic Platform of Glucose Sensing.
- Author
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Ahmed, Khawtar Hasan and Mohamedi, Mohamed
- Subjects
- *
GOLD electrodes , *CARBON paper , *ELECTROCHEMICAL sensors , *OXIDATION of glucose , *MANGANESE dioxide , *GLUCOSE , *GLUCOSE analysis - Abstract
Nanorod structures exhibit a high surface-to-volume ratio, enhancing the accessibility of electrolyte ions to the electrode surface and providing an abundance of active sites for improved electrochemical sensing performance. In this study, tetragonal α-MnO2 with a large K+-embedded tunnel structure, directly grown on microfibrous carbon paper to form densely packed nanorod arrays, is investigated as an electrocatalytic material for non-enzymatic glucose sensing. The MnO2 nanorods electrode demonstrates outstanding catalytic activity for glucose oxidation, showcasing a high sensitivity of 143.82 µA cm−2 mM−1 within the linear range from 0.01 to 15 mM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.282 mM specifically for glucose molecules. Importantly, the MnO2 nanorods electrode exhibits excellent selectivity towards glucose over ascorbic acid and uric acid, which is crucial for accurate glucose detection in complex samples. For comparison, a gold electrode shows a lower sensitivity of 52.48 µA cm−2 mM−1 within a linear range from 1 to 10 mM. These findings underscore the superior performance of the MnO2 nanorods electrode in both sensitivity and selectivity, offering significant potential for advancing electrochemical sensors and bioanalytical techniques for glucose monitoring in physiological and clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. An Historical Analysis of the Library Technology as Described and by Practitioners: Exploring Themes in VALA Conference Papers.
- Author
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Haden, Katie P.
- Subjects
- *
CONFERENCE papers , *TECHNOLOGY conferences , *INFORMATION services , *HISTORICAL analysis , *CONTENT analysis - Abstract
Conference proceedings are valuable sources for research, providing insights into individual or organisational projects. Australian library and information services (LIS) professionals have the opportunity to contribute to a robust conference culture, including the biennial library technology VALA conference. Practice-driven conferences can offer interpretations of LIS practitioner experiences, however, there is limited research focusing on Australian LIS conference proceedings. The VALA conference papers offer a unique record of technology's impact, influence, and implementation in Australian LIS organisations over the last forty years. This article will outline the objective and methodology of an ongoing research project undertaking historical analysis of VALA conference papers. The research project seeks to examine key themes, theories, and tools discussed in VALA conference papers and will attempt to identify if evolving technology influences the practices and attitudes of Australian LIS practitioners. The article will identify the research methods and the content analysis techniques that will be used in the project, and present preliminary results from a pilot study presented at the 2023 RAILS conference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Study on mechanical and electrical properties improvement of insulating paper modified by cellulose nanocrystals.
- Author
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Zhang, Daning, Zhai, Xinnan, Wang, Siyu, Li, Xuan, Xu, Pengjiang, Zhao, Haoxiang, and Zhang, Guan-jun
- Subjects
- *
YOUNG'S modulus , *DOPING agents (Chemistry) , *DIELECTRIC properties , *CONCENTRATION gradient , *SCANNING electron microscopy , *CELLULOSE nanocrystals - Abstract
The mechanical and dielectric properties of transformer insulating paper are key factors that require close attention to ensure optimal operation. In this study, a novel approach of enhancing properties by nanocellulose modification was proposed. To investigate the effect of doping, insulating paper with different doping mass fractions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was prepared, and multiple properties of the sample were characterized. By applying a doping concentration gradient, the non-monotonic trend in performance with doping levels was revealed, and the impact of doping concentration on the data variability was investigated. The effects of CNC doping on the surface pore size of the samples were analyzed by SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and a mercury intrusion method, and the regularity of CNC dispersion uniformity with doping concentration was investigated. The Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller model was employed to fit the water vapor adsorption isotherm data, providing an analysis of the impact of doping on hydrogen bond connections and the moisture adsorption properties. Tensile strength and Young's modulus were measured and analyzed using the Page model and the Halpin–Kardos model. The tensile strength of the 6 wt. % CNC-modified paper was increased by 6.91%. 10 wt. % CNC-modified paper had a Young's modulus increase of 11.98%. 3 wt. % CNC-modified paper has a 28.53% increase in the AC breakdown field strength and an 8.72% increase in the DC breakdown field strength. The influence of CNC on the dielectric properties of the insulating paper was discussed using the Havriliak–Negami (H–N) model. The results indicate that the introduction of CNC can effectively enhance the comprehensive performance of oil-immersed insulating paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Electrochemical Measurement and Simulation of Sulfuric Acid-Doping Polyaniline on Graphite Carbon Paper.
- Author
-
Bao, Wenyun, Yao, Chen, and Xie, Yibing
- Subjects
- *
CARBON paper , *ELECTRONIC band structure , *GRAPHITE , *ELECTROACTIVE substances , *DENSITY functional theory , *POLYANILINES - Abstract
The sulfuric acid-doping polyaniline (H-PANI-HSO4) are applied to conduct the electrochemical measurement and simulation calculation to investigate the capacitance, electronic structure and energy band properties. The H-PANI-HSO4 growing on graphite carbon paper (H-PANI-HSO4/GCP) is applied as an electroactive electrode to investigate electrochemical properties. The Faradaic capacitance of H-PANI-HSO4/GCP electrode is ascribed to the reversible redox reaction of bisulfate anion doping/dedoping protonated PANI (H-PANI). Cyclic voltammetry measurement at a scan rate of 5mVs−1 determines an equivalent mean response current of 0.64Ag−1 and a capacitance of 128.35Fg−1. Galvanostatic charge–discharge measurement determines specific capacitance from 129.06 to 116.88Fg−1 at current densities from 0.5 to 2.5Ag−1. Cyclic voltammetry-based capacitance at equivalent current density of 0.64Ag−1 is in accordance with galvanostatic charge–discharge-based capacitance at the current density of 0.57Ag−1. Electrochemical impedance spectrum measurements indicate that H-PANI-HSO4/GCP exhibits lower charge-transfer resistance, much lower Warburg resistance, higher quasicapacitance than H-PANI-HSO4 to approaching ideal capacitor. Density functional theory calculations indicate that H-PANI-HSO4 has a higher density of states (10.6 electron/eV) and lower bandgap energy (0.481eV) than H-PANI (5.24 electron/eV, 1.449eV), indicating its enhanced electronic conductivity. The electronic bandgap energy is accordingly decreased from 0.263eV for H-PANI-HSO4/GCP to 0 for H-PANI-HSO4/GCP. Electrochemical measurement and simulation calculation investigation proves that H-PANI-HSO4/GCP electrode with anion-doped and protonated state exhibits higher electronic conductivity and capacitance performance to act as superior electroactive material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Feasibility Study of the Paper Sludge Properties in Manufacturing Recycled Filler.
- Author
-
Hyeonggyu Lee, Yong Ju Lee, and Hyoung Jin Kim
- Subjects
- *
PAPER recycling , *PARTICLE size distribution , *RECYCLING management , *RECYCLED products , *CARBONATE minerals - Abstract
The mineralization of inorganic components in paper sludge offers potential for their re-use in various fields. This study synthesized carbonates based on the minerals present in paper sludge and aimed to investigate the control of particle size distribution and particle shape of the synthesized carbonates. First, the physicochemical and thermal properties of paper mill sludge and ash were evaluated using a spectrophotometer, XRF, and TGA. Paper sludge ash was obtained by incinerating the paper sludge, followed by a carbonation reaction using CO2 gas injection and pH neutralization to produce recycled fillers. The average particle size, crystal lattice structure, and morphology of the recycled fillers were analyzed using a particle size analyzer, XRD, and FE-SEM. The results indicate that the recycled filler produced from coating paper sludge exhibited similar brightness and morphology to conventional paper-based fillers, suggesting its potential to replace commercial PCC (Precipitated Calcium Carbonate). In contrast, the recycled filler manufactured using old corrugated container mill sludge was deemed unsuitable due to its low hydration activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Effects of precipitated and ground calcium carbonate coating on mechanical properties of fluting paper.
- Author
-
Çiçekler, Mustafa, Üzüm, Velican, and Çopurkuyu, Emrullah
- Subjects
- *
CALCIUM carbonate , *PAPER recycling , *TENSILE tests , *COATING processes , *SURFACE coatings - Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a pigment coating on the mechanical properties of fluting paper. Design/methodology/approach: Two different calcium carbonate pigments were used in the preparation of the coated color, precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and ground calcium carbonate (GCC). Fluting paper produced by recycling waste paper was used as base paper. The effects of PCC and GCC pigments on mechanical properties were compared. Ring crush test (RCT), corrugating medium test (CMT), corrugating crush test (CCT), tensile and burst strength tests were applied to the coated papers, and the results were compared to the mechanical properties of base paper. Findings: The tensile and burst indices of the coated papers were found to be higher than base papers about 13.9% and 6.05%, respectively. While the coating process positively affected the RCT and CCT values, it did not show a significant impact on the CMT values. GCC, one of the pigments used in coating colors, had a more effective effect on the mechanical properties of fluting papers compared to PCC. Originality/value: These results suggest that coating of fluting papers has a positive effect on mechanical properties and the use of GCC as a pigment is more effective than PCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Does Examination Table Paper Use Mitigate the Risk of Disease Transmission in a Family Medicine Clinic?
- Author
-
Chiarlitti, Nathan, Graves, Zachary, Lavoie, Curtis, and Reid, Ryan E.R.
- Subjects
Paper -- Usage -- Health aspects -- Environmental aspects ,Family medicine -- Practice -- Environmental aspects ,Disease transmission -- Risk factors -- Prevention ,Health ,Science and technology - Abstract
Reducing examination table paper (ETP) use may help curb carbon emissions from health care. Six participants applied Glo Germ (DMA International) to their hands before a common physical examination (abdominal, cardiorespiratory, hip and knee) both with and without ETP. After each exam, UV light was shined on the exam table and photographs were taken. The number of hand touches on ETP-covered areas and uncovered areas were tallied and compared using t tests. Despite covering more surface area, participants touched areas without ETP significantly more than ETP-covered areas (P https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.3092, INTRODUCTION Climate change negatively impacts mental health, respiratory and cardiac disease, and quality-adjusted life years. (1) Waste from health care is a major contributor to its negative environmental impact, (2-4) [...]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Application of Surface-Modified Carboxymethylated Nanofibrillated Cellulose as a Strength Enhancer for Specialty Paper.
- Author
-
Hae Min Jo, Ji Young Lee, and Tae Young Kim
- Subjects
- *
PAPER pulp , *POLYACRYLAMIDE , *CELLULOSE , *ACRYLAMIDE , *PAPER mills - Abstract
Pretreated carboxymethylated nanofibrillated cellulose (CM-NFC) was tested as a strength enhancer for specialty paper, such as banknotes made from cotton linter mixed pulp (CLMP). The pretreatment agent was cationic poly(acrylamide) (C-PAM). The CM-CMF prototype was supplied by a Korean manufacturer. Laboratory tests and pilot trials were performed to evaluate the strength enhancement of banknotes incorporated with surface-modified CM-NFC and determine the process problems encountered in a pilot paper machine. The CM-NFC was surface modified with 0.1% C-PAM without any agglomerates. The prepared laboratory handsheets had high paper strength, which was attributed to the higher nanofibril content of surface-modified CM-NFC compared with that of unmodified CM-NFC. Pilot trials showed that the incorporation of 3% surface-modified CM-NFC was highly effective in promoting the strength of banknote without low retention and drainability on the wet-end part of the pilot paper machine. Therefore, surface-modified CM-NFC at a controlled dosage could be used as a strength enhancer for specialty paper without incurring serious problems in a paper mill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Improved Vacuum Dewatering of Grease-proof Paper Utilizing a Multi-slit Vacuum Suction Box in Laboratory Scale.
- Author
-
Öman, Björn and Sjöstrand, Björn
- Subjects
- *
PAPERMAKING , *PAPER products - Abstract
Grease-proof paper is an energy-demanding paper product to manufacture, especially during refining and dewatering. Increases in energy efficiency in either stage could result in major savings. This article investigates the potential gains with addition of a stepwise progression vacuum suction box to the forming section during production. For both a lighter, 50 g/m², and a heavier paper grade, 100 g/m², with a pulpdrainability of 86 °SR, a stepwise progression vacuum suction box in four steps would result in increased dryness, simultaneously with decreased energy expenditure. The observed effects were higher for the lower basis weight paper (50 g/m²). Both basis weights experienced clogging of the forming fabric due to the high degree of refining. This adversely affected the dewatering rate, decreasing the amount of air pulled through the paper even when increasing the vacuum pressure. When a stepwise progression suction box in four steps was compared to a single vacuum suction box, there was a 14% increase in dryness for lighter paper, over an equal energy consumption, measured as amount of air pulled through the paper. For the 100 g/m² paper, the increase in dryness was 3% compared to the 50 g/m² paper run over a single vacuum suction box. The results show great promise for energy savings when utilizing stepwise progression suction box dewatering for grease-proof paper production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Production of recycled paper using harmless municipal sludge as a new biomass filler.
- Author
-
Sun, Hao, Chen, Xiyu, Wei, Lingjun, Cui, Jieyu, Zhang, Wanlu, and Liu, Longfei
- Subjects
- *
RECYCLED paper , *WASTE paper , *BIOMASS , *PAPER recycling , *PAPERMAKING - Abstract
Due to a shortage of resources, exploring new biomass fillers has become critical for paper making. In this study, we reported an eco-friendly strategy for fabricating low-cost and efficient recycled paper with high mechanical properties using corrugated cardboard waste paper and harmless municipal sludge (HMS). First, the characteristics of HMS, including the particle size, pH, specific surface area, organic functional groups and organic component content, were analyzed. Then, the influence of the amount of HMS on the properties of the recycled paper was studied. Finally, the strengthening mechanism of biomass filling recycled paper was discussed. The results showed that HMS, a biomass filler for recycled paper preparation, exhibited excellent physical and chemical properties, with a median particle size of 6.395 μm, a surface area of 39.974 m2 g−1 and organic functional groups. The tensile index of the recycled paper with 30 % HMS was 13.10 Nm/g, which was 16.4 % greater than that of the unfilled paper and showed better thermal stability. This excellent performance could be attributed to the uniform distribution of HMS on the fiber surface, which improved the accessibility of hydrogen bond formation between fibers. Thus, this study proved that HMS was an excellent biomass filler for producing recycled paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Phosphate Esters: New Coating Materials for a Sustainable Release Paper.
- Author
-
Abenghal, Lahbib and Brouillette, François
- Subjects
- *
PHOSPHATE esters , *PAPER recycling , *SURFACE energy , *ADHESIVE tape , *SURFACE forces , *SURFACE coatings , *PHOSPHATES - Abstract
Paper manufacturers have long used silicone as the coating agent for release liners. However, silicone‐based release paper is very difficult to recycle due to covalent bonds between silicone and fibers. The most suitable solution to overcome this problem is to use alternative coating materials with adequate release properties, provided that they can be easily repulped in typical paper recycling facilities. We proposed a coating agent composed of phosphate esters and dimethylacetamide in order to manufacture a recyclable and efficient release paper. Analyses carried out on coated sheets showed that phosphate esters allowed the formation of a surface with adequate release properties (low peeling force and surface free energy). In addition, the residual adhesion values obtained with phosphate esters confirmed that they are well anchored on the backing paper surface, thus limiting the mass transfer to the adhesive tape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Preparation of Filter Paper from Bamboo and Investigating the Effect of Additives.
- Author
-
Karchangi, Zahra Kazemi, Nazarnezhad, Noureddin, Labidi, Jalel, and Sharifi, Seyed Hassan
- Subjects
- *
FILTER paper , *BAMBOO , *AIR filters , *POLYVINYL alcohol , *SURFACE area , *CARBOXYL group , *NATURAL fibers , *HYDROXYL group - Abstract
As air pollution escalates, the need for air filters increases. It is better that the filters used be based on natural fibers, such as non-wood fibers, which cause low damage to the environment. However, the short fiber lengths, low apparent densities, and high volumes of non-wood materials can make it challenging to prepare filter paper with the required mechanical and physical properties. In that context, this study focused on utilizing bamboo fibers to fabricate filter paper by employing the anthraquinone soda pulping method. The pulp underwent bleaching and oxidation processes, with the incorporation of cationic starch (CS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to enhance resistance properties, resulting in the creation of handmade filter papers. The findings revealed that the tear, burst, and tensile strength of filter paper increased with the oxidation and addition of CS and PVA. Air permeability increased with addition of PVA and combination of CS and PVA. FTIR demonstrated the conversion of hydroxyl groups in cellulose chains to carboxyl groups due to oxidation. SEM images illustrated alterations in the fiber structure post-oxidation treatment, with CS reducing pores while PVA and the CS-PVA combination enlarged pore size and enhanced porosity. The BET surface area surface area expanded with oxidation and the addition of the CS-PVA blend, indicating heightened filter paper porosity. Notably, the combined inclusion of CS and PVA not only augmented mechanical strength but also increased porosity while maintaining pore size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Who was "A. Moore"? Waste Paper as a Means of Identification.
- Author
-
Day, Geoffrey
- Subjects
- *
WASTE paper , *BOOKSELLERS & bookselling , *DECORATION & ornament , *CATALOGS , *PERSONAL property - Abstract
In response to Andrew Benjamin Bricker's demonstration of the usefulness of printers' ornaments in the identification of the pseudonymous "A. Moore," this note suggests that printers' waste is another method. The Trade Sale Catalogues in the John Johnson Collection in the Bodleian Library show that booksellers preserved printed waste sheets of their own publications. There is no evidence that they retained such sheets of the publications of others. This strongly suggests that possession of waste is an indication of responsibility for publication. The note gives two examples of such methodology, one showing Thomas Warner having published as A. Moore, and the other showing John Baker publishing anonymously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) and Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) Investigations of Plasmonic and Flexible Filter Papers for the Detection of the Molecular Vibrations of Amoxicillin.
- Author
-
Sahbafar, Hossein, Mehmandoust, Saeideh, Heydaryan, Kamran, Zeinalizad, Leila, Abbas, Mohammed H., Hayder, Noor, Hadi, Amin, and Eskandari, Vahid
- Subjects
- *
SERS spectroscopy , *MOLECULAR vibration , *FILTER paper , *FINITE differences , *AMOXICILLIN , *PLASMONICS - Abstract
Amoxicillin, an antibacterial drug commonly used in food production, requires rapid and accurate detection due to its illegal usage and potential health risks. This study focuses on the development of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) biosensors using filter paper substrates coated with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) for the detection of amoxicillin. The Ag NPs were prepared by employing a chemical method, and their characteristics were analyzed through various techniques. The SERS substrates exhibited an impressive limit of detection (LOD) of 10–12 M for amoxicillin, with a mean relative standard deviation (RSD) of 6.63% for repeated measurements. The experimental and simulated enhancement factors were determined as 4.044 × 104 and 2.996 × 104, respectively. These disposable, reproducible, and chemically stable substrates demonstrate great potential for SERS-based research and the development of highly sensitive biosensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. IF WALLS COULD TALK: Paper artist Ele Grafton carefully and patiently pieces together treasured documents of family history to create beautiful bespoke house artworks with stories to tell
- Author
-
Blenkinsop, Pippa
- Subjects
Home and garden - Abstract
Somerset-based artist Ele Grafton isn't simply an expert with paper --she is a storyteller specialising in the medium of memories. At first glance, her handcrafted paper houses wow with their [...]
- Published
- 2024
39. reMarkable Paper Pro: World's Thinnest Paper Tablet
- Author
-
Anand, Preeti
- Subjects
Tablet computers ,Tablet computer ,Computers ,reMarkable Paper Pro (Tablet computer) - Abstract
Byline: Preeti Anand The Paper Pro is the newest paper tablet model from reMarkable. The company's new moniker suggests a new line of products, but it won't replace the reMarkable [...]
- Published
- 2024
40. Siegwerk to present new functional paper coatings at Specialty Papers Europe 2024
- Subjects
Paper industry ,Printing-ink ,Paper ,Packaging ,Food and beverage industries - Abstract
Siegwerk, one of the leading global providers of printing inks and coatings for packaging applications and labels, announced its participation in Specialty Papers Europe 2024, a premier conference for the [...]
- Published
- 2024
41. A Simple Colorimetric Volatile Nitrogen and Hydrogen Sulfide Indicator Based on Filter Paper and Saffron Petal Anthocyanins to Monitor Fish Spoilage in Intelligent Packaging.
- Author
-
Dodange, Sona, Shekarchizadeh, Hajar, and Kadivar, Mahdi
- Subjects
- *
FISH spoilage , *FILTER paper , *ANTHOCYANINS , *SAFFRON crocus , *STRUCTURAL colors , *HYDROGEN sulfide - Abstract
An inexpensive, easy-to-use, simple, and non-toxic freshness indicator was developed based on anthocyanins from saffron petal waste material and filter paper to show the quality and shelf life of trout fillets. Previous studies considered the color changes of freshness indicators based on anthocyanins during fish spoilage due to pH changes following the production of volatile nitrogen. However, in this study, we showed that not only volatile nitrogen but also hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas produced during fish spoilage caused structural and color changes in anthocyanins. The indicator showed a wide range of naked-eye color changes from purple to light blue over a pH of 2–11 and from purple to yellow over different concentrations of H2S gas compounds. The prepared indicator had good color stability and was not affected by various temperatures and times. pH, total volatile basic nitrogen, total viable count of trout fillets, and the color changes of the prepared indicators were simultaneously determined during 8 days of storage in the refrigerator. A significant correlation was observed between fish quality and visible color changes of the indicator. The sensitivity of saffron petal anthocyanins to volatile nitrogen and H2S compounds showed that it could be used as a raw material for producing low-cost and efficient colorimetric indicators for spoilage detection of protein-rich foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Cometabolic bacterial and fungal remediation as a promising strategy for recycled paper and cardboard mill wastewater treatment.
- Author
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Gholami, Maryam, Mahvi, Amir Hossein, Teimouri, Fahimeh, Ehrampoush, Mohammad Hassan, Jafari Nodoushan, Abbasali, Jambarsang, Sara, and Ghaneian, Mohammad Taghi
- Subjects
- *
FUNGAL remediation , *RECYCLED paper , *WASTEWATER treatment , *PAPER mills , *OXIDATION ditches , *PSEUDOMONAS putida - Abstract
Purpose: This paper aims to study the application of high-tolerance and flexible indigenous bacteria and fungi, along with the co-metabolism in recycled paper and cardboard mill (RPCM) wastewater treatment (WWT). Design/methodology/approach: The molecular characterization of isolated indigenous bacteria and fungi was performed by 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA gene sequencing, respectively. Glucose was used as a cometabolic substrate to enhance the bioremediation process. Findings: The highest removal efficiency was achieved for both chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color [78% COD and 45% color removal by Pseudomonas aeruginosa RW-2 (MZ603673), as well as approximately 70% COD and 48% color removal by Geotrichum candidum RW-4 (ON024394)]. The corresponding percentages were higher in comparison with the efficiency obtained from the oxidation ditch unit in the full-scale RPCM WWT plant. Originality/value: Indigenous P. aeruginosa RW-2 and G. candidum RW-4 demonstrated effective capability in RPCM WWT despite the highly toxic and low biodegradable nature, especially with the assistance of glucose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Oil blotting paper for formalin fixation increases endoscopic ultrasound‐guided tissue acquisition‐collected sample volumes on glass slides.
- Author
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Yamai, Takuo, Ikezawa, Kenji, Seiki, Yusuke, Watsuji, Ko, Kawamoto, Yasuharu, Hirao, Takeru, Daiku, Kazuma, Maeda, Shingo, Urabe, Makiko, Kai, Yugo, Takada, Ryoji, Mukai, Kaori, Nakabori, Tasuku, Uehara, Hiroyuki, Tsuzaki, Sayoko, Ryu, Ayumi, Tanada, Satoshi, Nagata, Shigenori, and Ohkawa, Kazuyoshi
- Subjects
- *
FORMALDEHYDE , *FILTER paper , *PETROLEUM , *PANCREATIC cancer , *OIL filters - Abstract
Objectives: Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided tissue acquisition (EUS‐TA) is used for pathological diagnosis and obtaining samples for molecular testing, facilitating the initiation of targeted therapies in patients with pancreatic cancer. However, samples obtained via EUS‐TA are often insufficient, requiring more efforts to improve sampling adequacy for molecular testing. Therefore, this study investigated the use of oil blotting paper for formalin fixation of samples obtained via EUS‐TA. Methods: This prospective study enrolled 42 patients who underwent EUS‐TA for pancreatic cancer between September 2020 and February 2022 at the Osaka International Cancer Institute. After a portion of each sample obtained via EUS‐TA was separated for routine histological evaluation, the residual samples were divided into filter paper and oil blotting paper groups for analysis. Accordingly, filter paper and oil blotting paper were used for the formalin fixation process. The total tissue, nuclear, and cytoplasm areas of each sample were quantitatively evaluated using virtual slides, and the specimen volume and histological diagnosis of each sample were evaluated by an expert pathologist. Results: All cases were cytologically diagnosed as adenocarcinoma. The area ratios of the total tissue, nuclear, and cytoplasmic portions were significantly larger in the oil blotting paper group than in the filter paper group. The frequency of cases with large amount of tumor cells was significantly higher in the oil blotting paper group (33.3%) than in the filter paper group (11.9%) (p = 0.035). Conclusions: Oil blotting paper can increase the sample volume obtained via EUS‐TA on glass slides and improve sampling adequacy for molecular testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Paper Bags.
- Author
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Jemison, G. Peter
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PAPER bags , *OIL pastels - Published
- 2024
45. International Paper elects Andy Silvernail as board chairman
- Subjects
International Paper Co. -- Officials and employees ,Paper industry -- Officials and employees ,Paperboard ,Chairpersons -- Appointments, resignations and dismissals ,Business ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
International Paper announced that its board of directors elected Andy Silvernail as Chairman of the International Paper Board of Directors in addition to his role as CEO, effective October 1, [...]
- Published
- 2024
46. Optimized Fabrication of Flexible Paper‐Based PCBs with Pencil and Copper Electroplating.
- Author
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Srivastava, Vinit, Dubey, Shivam, Vaish, Rahul, and Rajpurohit, Bharat Singh
- Subjects
- *
FLEXIBLE printed circuits , *COPPER electrodes , *FILTER paper , *CARDBOARD , *ELECTROPLATING - Abstract
This research unveils a transformative methodology for fabricating flexible printed circuit boards (PCBs), focusing on the unique attributes of filter paper substrates. A meticulous parametric exploration scrutinizes critical aspects such as buckling resistance, charging current, plating time, and electrode configurations for copper electroplating. Key findings highlight the exceptional stability of copper electroplating on filter paper, exhibiting robust resistance against environmental variations and bending angles spanning +180° to −180°. Utilizing higher pencil grade material and maintaining a minimum 4 cm distance with a voltage range of 3 to 1.44 V ensures uniform, controlled plating without burning, optimizing the electrode area below 1 cm2 for enhanced practicality. The research underscores the longevity and durability of copper‐plated filter paper, with negligible resistance changes even after 1000 folds. Over a year, the shelf‐life assessment emphasizes the excellent stability of electroplated filter paper. Practical applications, including fully functional circuits and a bio‐degradable piano, underscore the versatility and real‐world feasibility of the proposed electroplating technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Making paper labels smart for augmented wine recognition.
- Author
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Angeli, Alessia, Stacchio, Lorenzo, Donatiello, Lorenzo, Giacchè, Alessandro, and Marfia, Gustavo
- Subjects
- *
OBJECT recognition (Computer vision) , *ELECTRONIC paper , *OPTICAL character recognition , *INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems , *WINES - Abstract
An invisible layer of knowledge is progressively growing with the emergence of situated visualizations and reality-based information retrieval systems. In essence, digital content will overlap with real-world entities, eventually providing insights into the surrounding environment and useful information for the user. The implementation of such a vision may appear close, but many subtle details separate us from its fulfillment. This kind of implementation, as the overlap between rendered virtual annotations and the camera's real-world view, requires different computer vision paradigms for object recognition and tracking which often require high computing power and large-scale datasets of images. Nevertheless, these resources are not always available, and in some specific domains, the lack of an appropriate reference dataset could be disruptive for a considered task. In this particular scenario, we here consider the problem of wine recognition to support an augmented reading of their labels. In fact, images of wine bottle labels may not be available as wineries periodically change their designs, product information regulations may vary, and specific bottles may be rare, making the label recognition process hard or even impossible. In this work, we present augmented wine recognition, an augmented reality system that exploits optical character recognition paradigms to interpret and exploit the text within a wine label, without requiring any reference image. Our experiments show that such a framework can overcome the limitations posed by image retrieval-based systems while exhibiting a comparable performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Modelling Approach for Evaluating Turbidity Properties of Paper Recycling Wastewater.
- Author
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Kardeş, Serkan, Özkan, Uğur, Bayram, Okan, and Şahin, Halil Turgut
- Subjects
- *
ARTIFICIAL neural networks , *PAPER recycling , *RECYCLED paper , *TURBIDITY , *POLLUTANTS - Abstract
A pre-treatment process was evaluated in this work for wastewater from paper recycling using microwave technology followed by rapid precipitation of contaminants through centrifugation. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to analyze and optimize the turbidity values. Thirty experimental runs were utilized including microwave (MW) power, duration, centrifuge time, and centrifuge speed as input variables, generated by the Central Composite Full Design (CCFD) approach. The experimental turbidity ranged from 8.1 to 19.7 NTU, while predicted values ranged from 8.4 to 19.7 NTU by ANN. The ANN model showed a robust prediction performance with low mean squared error values during training and testing. Moreover, high R² values showed a remarkable agreement between the experimental observations and ANN predictions. The results obtained from the input values (A:150.00, B:60.00, C:15.00, D:30.00) of sample 2, which gave the lowest turbidity value, showed the most removal of pollution. The results obtained from the input values (A:250.00, B:60.00, C:7.00, D:20.00) of sample 30, which gave the highest turbidity value, showed the least removal of pollution. The results showed that increasing RPM and time of the centrifugation process significantly affected the removal of pollution in wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. The Use of Various Types of Waste Paper for the Removal of Anionic and Cationic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions.
- Author
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Jóźwiak, Tomasz, Filipkowska, Urszula, Bednarowicz, Anna, Zielińska, Dorota, and Wiśniewska-Wrona, Maria
- Subjects
- *
WASTE paper , *AQUEOUS solutions , *ADSORPTION kinetics , *POLLUTION , *ACTIVATED carbon , *PH effect - Abstract
This study examined the possibility of using various types of waste paper—used newsprint (NP), used lightweight coated paper (LWC), used office paper (OP), and used corrugated cardboard (CC)—for the removal of anionic dyes, Acid Red 18 (AR18) and Acid Yellow 23 (AY23), and cationic dyes, Basic Violet 10 (BV10) and Basic Red 46 (BR46), from aqueous solutions. The scope of this research included the characterization of sorbents (FTIR, SEM, BET surface area, porosity, pHPZC, effectiveness of water coloration), determination of pH effect on the effectiveness of dye sorption, sorption kinetics (pseudo-first-order model, second-order model, intraparticular diffusion model), and the maximum sorption capacity (Langmuir models and Freundlich model) of the tested sorbents. The use of waste paper materials as sorbents was found to not pose any severe risk of aquatic environment contamination. AR18, AY23, and BV10 sorption intensities were the highest at pH 2, and that of RB46 at pH 6. The waste paper sorbents proved particularly effective in removing cationic dyes, like in the case of, e.g., NP, which had a sorption capacity that reached 38.87 mg/g and 90.82 mg/g towards BV10 and BR46, respectively, and were comparable with that of selected activated carbons (literature data). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Enzymatic Conversion of Wood Materials from the Pulp and Paper Industry.
- Author
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Aksenov, A. S., Sinelnikov, I. G., Shevchenko, A. R., Mayorova, K. A., Chukhchin, D. G., Osipov, D. O., Semenova, M. V., Sinitsyna, O. A., Rozhkova, A. M., Novozhilov, E. V., and Sinitsyn, A. P.
- Subjects
- *
SULFATE pulping process , *PAPER industry , *WOOD , *POLYSACCHARIDES , *DELIGNIFICATION - Abstract
The reactivity during enzymatic hydrolysis of eight industrially produced samples of pulps and semichemical pulps by enzyme preparations of glycosyl hydrolases B151 and F10 produced by a strain of the ascomycete fungus Penicillium verruculosum has been determined. It is shown for the first time that among fibrous pulps available on the market of pulp and paper industry in Russia, the highest level of yield of glucose from the initial wood during biocatalysis using cellulases and hemicellulases is characteristic of semichemical pulps obtained after green liquor cooking of hardwood. A high degree of enzymatic conversion of softwood bleached kraft pulp has been established, which in combination with the possibility of obtaining modified polysaccharide materials from non-hydrolysable residue makes this cellulosic substrate the most promising for the development of biological processes at pulp and paper industries. It is shown that drying of pulp negatively affects the efficiency of cellulose hydrolysis, while mechanical refining improves the performance of the enzymatic saccharification process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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