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The article discusses The Great Chefs of Europe, a creative strategy for educational therapists (ET) designed to help middle and high school students understand how to use multiple executive functions for tests, assignments and projects. Topics covered include the value of teaching students to record tasks, times, dates and activities in a planner, on a calendar, or a mobile app, strategies for helping students meet deadlines, and how to keep students motivated.

The article presents the authors' views in response to a comment on their paper "Patterns of Low and Lowest-Low Fertility in Europe," published in a 2004 issue of the journal "Population Studies." In their comment, the critics have argued that the cohort-fertility analysis in the aforesaid paper is weak on theoretical grounds and the empirical analysis is incomplete. The authors affirm that they agree with the comment that, as a society, the Netherlands differs from Southern Europe and even more from Central and Eastern Europe. Nevertheless, from a contemporary global perspective, these differences should not be overemphasized. They say that in their analyses, they used the Netherlands as a reference case of a country with an extraordinary pattern of late childbearing that is not associated with lowest-low fertility levels. However, the critics believe that these unusual characteristics invalidate the use of the Dutch example in the paper. So, this criticism is misconceived. It is precisely the unusualness of the fertility pattern in the Netherlands that makes it a useful reference point in the study of low and lowest-low fertility.

The article presents a study that defines the optimal palliative care in dementia. The study provides a brief overview about the disease. The study invited 89 experts from 27 countries to evaluate a two-round online survey with feedback. It also suggests the availability of immediate and full consensus on the eight domains, including the recommendations person-centered care, communication and shared decision-making and optimal treatment of symptoms.

Where is European space science heading? The ‘Green Paper on European Space Policy’ served as the main background document for a European-wide consultation process on space-related issues which took place in 2003, but none of the 12 questions posed in that document specifically addressed nor recognised the role of fundamental research in underpinning any policy for space. As a result of that consultation, this approach was partly corrected in the European Commission''s ‘White Paper’ on space, but uncertainties remain. Involvement in first-class science is absolutely essential for the promotion of European interests and leadership, as it imparts a strong strategic drive to its technological and industrial system. This article discusses the contents of the White Paper and attempts to suggest lines of action concerning space science in relation with the strategy laid out in that document. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Feminist Economics invites submissions of papers, short discussions, and book reviews for a special issue on ''Gender and Aging'' to be published in 2005. The deadline for submission of abstracts is May 1, 2003. The editors hope to publish essays by both established scholars and young researchers. While individual papers may be narrowly focused, the scope of the special issue will be broad and include work from a variety of analytical and methodological approaches. Feminist Economics invites submissions of papers, short exploratory discussions, and book reviews for a special issue on ''Women and the Distribution of Wealth,'' to be published in 2006. The deadline for submitting abstracts is July 30, 2003; complete manuscripts are due March 30, 2004. Over the last decade the transition of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) economies has altered the economic position of women. In most of these countries, increased unemployment, pension reforms, cuts in public spending on health and childcare, and changes in working conditions have led to greater hardships for women and more labor market inequalities.

This paper discusses the recent European Commission White Paper on European Governance, arguing that the document offers interesting possibilities for the future development of the European Union (EU), how it is governed and more particularly for 'European Urban Policy'. However, the paper argues there are problems with its use of the term governance as a strategy for reform and with a number of its proposals to widen access to the European Commission (EC) and the policy process. With regard to urban policy it is suggested that the White Paper's emphasis on a greater role for sub-national government and citizens' is to be welcomed. Although once again it is unclear whether the Commission has fully thought through the implications of its proposals both for itself and the groups it wishes to engage with. More specifically it is argued that the Open Method of Coordination is broadly similar to the methods whereby both current urban (and spatial) policy have been developed and should be embraced. Overall the White Paper is something of a mixed bag; however, this is to be expected of a document which is primarily intended to stimulate discussion about the future of EU governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of ‘civil society’ has been rediscovered in contemporary discourses concerning the relationship between democracy and governance. This paper analyses this rediscovery in the more specific context of the European Commission’s 2001 White Paper on European Governance. However, processes of transnationalisation, governmentalisation and autonomisation may compromise much of the potential of ‘European civil society’ as an intermediating sphere of social action. By reinforcing these processes, the White Paper undermines the normative claims made for a civil society premised upon the voluntary nature of its associative forms and its distinctive open, communicative and deliberative rationality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on options for reforming European governance. White Paper of the European Commission.

This is a 'position paper' elaborated by Working Group 2 (wg2) 'Quality and Recognition in Engineering Education' of the EU-supported Thematic Network 'Higher Engineering Education for Europe' (H3E), operative from January 1997 to July 1999. G. Heitmann was the Rapporteur, and G. Augusti the Chairman of wg2. Before approval at the H3E final Congress in Budapest (July 1999), the paper had been discussed at several wg2 and public meetings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The forest sector is vital in Europe, providing economic and social benefits to communities. However, this sector is also responsible for some environmental impacts, and it is crucial to ensure that these impacts do not outweigh the benefits described. For this reason, this paper proposes an environmental and economic assessment of three forest wood products – uncoated woodfree paper, natural cork stoppers, and particle boards. The life cycles of these products were modeled using foreground data and a life cycle assessment was conducted to determine the environmental impacts associated with these three life cycles. For the economic assessment, the net present value method was adopted. From the results, it is possible to conclude that the utilization of 1 ha of forest land for 100 years to plant Eucalyptus globulus used in the production of uncoated woodfree paper generates the least environmental impact per euro. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the reliability of the results achieved given the uncertainty associated with the data used to model the three life cycles. The same critical impact categories and the same critical life cycle stage (raw materials' extraction) were identified for the three systems under study. Given these similarities, an effort must be made by the forest sector to reduce the impacts of these categories and this life cycle stage. To assist on this task, a set of generic and industry-specific recommendations is provided for companies operating in the forest sector. • An environmental and economic assessment of three forest wood products is performed. • The life cycle assessment methodology and the net present value method are used. • The production of uncoated woodfree paper generates the least environmental impact per euro of NPV. • Using sensitivity analysis, the results were found to be reliable. • Recommendations for different stakeholders in the forest sector are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From his Problem of Genesis in Husserl's Philosophy (1953–4) to the address given on the fiftieth anniversary of Le monde diplomatique just before he died in 2004, Derrida made constant reference to the subject of Europe. A recent volume of essays, Europe after Derrida: Crisis and Potentiality, seeks to explore this work and the current paper gauges the extent to which it correctly accounts for it. It is suggested that many of the chapters are seriously flawed in failing to note how Derrida's interest in Europe follows that of a long line of philosophers from the phenomenological school, going back to Husserl and including Heidegger and Patočka. Consequently, many of the contributors resort to ideas of identity current in sociology and cultural studies and appear not to understand that central to Derrida's thought is a challenge to such notions. Unlike Gasché's Europe, or The Infinite Task, the only single-volume treatment of Derrida's work on Europe and a text mentioned by only two contributors, they overlook the way in which he proposes that Europe could be precisely a project of pioneering the rethinking of identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This position paper aims to clarify the presumed place of febuxostat in the management of gout patients. Since this novel xanthine oxidase inhibitor is now available, an international group of gout experts decided to formulate an international consensus statement. This statement presents the place for this new xanthine oxidase inhibitor in the treatment of gout which may contribute to optimize treatment of gout patients in Europe and worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the perspectives of lawyers and economists on the CRA paper, which focuses on the use of selective distribution by luxury goods suppliers in Europe. It states that the goals of vertical restraints is enacted with geographically segmenting the market, raising barriers to entry for competitors and reducing competition between suppliers. It indicates that vertical restraints can be a tool for better exploitation of monopoly power and anti-competitive zeal. It emphasizes that vertical restraints must be enacted in the form of either retail price maintenance or selective distribution agreement to effectively tackle the alleged free-rider problem.

• No evidence is supportable for domesticated dogs at three important Pavlovian sites. • The high frequency of wolf remains at Pavlovian sites argues against the presence of dogs. • There is also no evidence of domesticated dog even in succeeding Late Gravettian sites. In the current volume of the Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, Germonpré et al. comment on our article "Friend or foe? Large canid remains from Pavlovian sites and their archaeozoological context" (Wilczyński et al. 2020). The authors say there are inaccuracies or errors in our paper, in an attempt to refute our rejection of the hypothesis of wolf domestication at the Předmostí site and, in broader sense, by the Pavlovian community. Here we counter allegations and in so doing clarify our arguments against wolf domestication during mid-Upper Paleolithic in Central Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Undergraduate clinical orthodontic experience may be expressed in a variety of ways. The most common way (used, inter alia, in the DentEd school visits) is by number of curriculum hours. Other ways include the number of patients seen, or number of procedures carried out. Whilst any of these methods may allow comparison between cohorts of students within a school or between schools, none of them are suitable to determine how much experience is ‘satisfactory’, nor do they indicate what the student should know, understand, or be able to do, to be considered ‘satisfactory’, and hence fit to graduate. This situation may be addressed by the use of competences and/or learning outcomes, and in 2004 the Association for Dental Education in Europe (ADEE) adopted a document that contained one major competence and five supporting competences in orthodontics. This paper considers the shortcomings of conventional methods of recording orthodontic experience in relation to the acquisition of these competences, and some ways in which staff and students may assess competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses changes that have occurred over the last 15 years in how maps are sold, where they are sold and who is buying them. The emphasis is on the situation in the United States of America, but developments in Europe and the United Kingdom are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the authors' comments on the paper entitled, "Patterns of Low and Lowest-Low Fertility in Europe," by Francesco C. Billari and Hans-Peter Kohler, published in a 2004 issue of the journal "Population Studies." In their comment, the authors argue that the original authors' comparison of cohort-fertility patterns in the lowest-low fertility countries of Southern, Central, and Eastern Europe with Dutch cohort patterns is weak on theoretical grounds and that the empirical analysis is incomplete. The empirical analysis demonstrates that in the young cohorts of Southern, Central, and Eastern Europe, childbearing may very well decline below the levels observed in the Netherlands and in other West European countries. This is already happening in Southern Europe. Moreover, the childbearing surplus in early adulthood is evaporating, and the recuperation that would be needed for completed cohort fertility in these countries to remain above that of many West European countries is of such magnitude that it is doubtful whether it could occur.

Objective: To present the European Network of (ex-)users and survivors of psychiatry and discuss issues of concern among (ex-)users and survivors. Method: Material from papers and documents published by and discussed among (ex-)users and survivors of psychiatry is used to outline topics of interest. Results: The European Network of (ex-)Users and Survivors of Psychiatry (ENUSP) was founded in 1991 as an association of national/regional organizations of (ex-)users and survivors of psychiatry. The network organizes biennial conferences, all delegates are (ex-)users and survivors of psychiatry. ENUSP aims include the fight against discrimination of people with experience of the psychiatric system, support for (ex-)user/survivor organizations, influence on policy-making, legislation and human rights debates, demedicalizing psychiatry, and opposition to unidimensional approaches to mental and emotional distress. Conclusion: (Ex-)users and survivors should be involved in monitoring psychiatric services, education and examination of mental health professionals. User/survivor-controlled services constitute an important innovative service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peripartum cardiomyopathy is an idiopathic cardiomyopathy presenting with heart failure secondary to left ventricular systolic dysfunction towards the end of pregnancy or in the months following delivery, where no other cause for heart failure is identified. Outcome varies from full recovery to residual left ventricular systolic dysfunction and even death. Many women return to their physician to acquire information on their long-term prognosis, to seek medical advice regarding contraception, or when planning a subsequent pregnancy. This position paper summarizes current evidence for long-term outcome, risk stratification of further pregnancies and overall management. Based on the best available evidence, as well as the clinical experience of the European Society of Cardiology Study Group on Peripartum Cardiomyopathy members, a consensus on pre- and postpartum management algorithms for women undergoing a subsequent pregnancy is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper by ESMO “The current and future role of the medical oncologist in the professional care for cancer patients: a position paper by the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO)” conveys some important key messages for the whole oncology community. A working group (WG) involving 21 oncology and related societies would like to comment on the ESMO position paper from a multidisciplinary perspective. The letter focuses on the concept of multidisciplinarity and how collaboration is the ideal situation for the best care of patients: the guidance to the patient must be given in accordance with agreements based on the outcome of discussions within the multidisciplinary team. The commentary therefore wants to highlight those statements that the working group shares and supports, identifying the common ground from where to start a constructive dialogue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Borders prevent the optimal exploitation of socio‐economic and environmental resources. A relevant obstacle due to missed integration is associated with legal and administrative barriers, which cause the emergence of untapped potentials. This paper exploits the case study of the Interreg Central Europe programme. Removing borders among countries in the area enhances scale economies due to a large market for inputs and goods, both within regions and across Central European area regions. This paper identifies untapped potentials by looking at the missed regional GDP growth due to the inefficient exploitation of regional growth assets. Results hint at a complex and heterogeneous spatial distribution of untapped potentials, involving several growth factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exercise training (ET) and secondary prevention measures in cardiovascular disease aim to stimulate early physical activity and to facilitate recovery and improve health behaviours. ET has also been proposed for heart failure patients with a ventricular assist device (VAD), to help recovery in the patient's functional capacity. However, the existing evidence in support of ET in these patients remains limited. After a review of current knowledge on the causes of the persistence of limitation in exercise capacity in VAD recipients, and concerning the benefit of ET in VAD patients, the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology has developed the present document to provide practical advice on implementing ET. This includes appropriate screening to avoid complications and then starting with early mobilisation, ET prescription is individualised to meet the patient's needs. Finally, gaps in our knowledge are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new era of stroke treatment may have begun with mechanical thrombectomy (MT) by fully deployed closed-cell self-expanding stents (stent-triever). Multiple case series and the first randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have now been published. More studies are under way involving large numbers of patients, which in turn has resulted in less strict 'pragmatic' study protocols. Problems with current trials include a lack of standardisation in the conduct of the recanalisation procedure, the definition of primary endpoints such as the grade of arterial recanalisation and tissue reperfusion, and the post-surgical care provided. In Part 1 of this two part series, we outline the current situation and the major research questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on current data and experience, the joint working group of the European Society of Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT) and the European Society of Neuroradiology (ESNR) make suggestions on trial design and conduct aimed to investigate therapeutic effects of mechanical thrombectomy (MT). We anticipate that this roadmap will facilitate the setting up and conduct of successful trials in close collaboration with our neighbouring disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OpenGrey, System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe, is your open access to 1 014 872 bibliographic references of grey literature produced in Europe and allows you to export records and locate the documents. Examples of grey (gray) literature include technical and research reports, doctoral dissertations, conference papers, official publications, and other types of grey literature. In 1980, this information resource first began as a bibliographic database under the name SIGLE. In 2006, the records migrated to OpenSIGLE - an open access database. In 2010 its name was changed to the OpenGrey Repository given that full-texts documents began to be ingested and preserved. And in 2020, Inist-CNRS (service provider) gave notice that OpenGrey will be discontinued. In order to guarantee open access to this resource, it is now archived as a database in DANS EASY -- a data archive certified with the Nestor and CoreTrustSeal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and consequent acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are substantial contributors to morbidity and mortality across Europe. Much of these diseases burden is modifiable, in particular by lipid-lowering therapy (LLT). Current guidelines are based on the sound premise that with respect to low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), " lower is better for longer", and the recent data have strongly emphasized the need of also " the earlier the better ". In addition to statins, which have been available for several decades, the availability of ezetimibe and inhibitors of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) are additional very effective approach to LLT, especially for those at very high and extremely high cardiovascular risk. LLT is initiated as a response to an individual's calculated risk of future ASCVD and is intensified over time in order to meet treatment goals. However, in real-life clinical practice goals are not met in a substantial proportion of patients. This Position Paper complements existing guidelines on the management of lipids in patients following ACS. Bearing in mind the very high risk of further events in ACS, we propose practical solutions focusing on immediate combination therapy in strict clinical scenarios, to improve access and adherence to LLT in these patients. We also define an 'Extremely High Risk' group of individuals following ACS, completing the attempt made in the recent European guidelines, and suggest mechanisms to urgently address lipid-medicated cardiovascular risk in these patients. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trajectory of biological research may be affected by historical factors (such as locations of influential researchers) as well as by underlying biological dimensions (such as species diversity and location of potential study taxa). Such influences on research focus can be clarified by examining the topics of published papers. Based on 93,816 scientific papers published on snake biology since 1804 (from Web of Science), we found a nonrandom distribution of research output among snake clades, fields of research, and geographic locations and strong changes through time in overall research effort as well as in the foci of that work. Snakes have been the subject of more scientific papers than other lineages of reptiles, but research on turtles has been increasing faster, and research effort per species has been higher for smaller reptile lineages. Studies on systematics and taxonomy dominated snake research until the mid-20th century, when the field was overtaken by studies of venoms, ecology, morphology, and physiology. Colubrids and Vipers have been the most intensively studied taxa, reflecting a concentration of research on continents (Europe and the Americas) where these taxa are diverse and abundant. Research effort on Vipers (Viperidae) increased around 1920, reflecting advances in antivenom and radiotelemetry technology. Blindsnakes (Scolecophidia) and smaller families remain relatively neglected in absolute terms. The numbers of papers per species are 10-fold greater for North American and European snakes than those in most other regions. We attribute these nonrandom patterns to temporal and spatial variation in research priorities, methods, and availability of scientific infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2022, the 22nd International Conference on Aquatic Invasive Species returned to Europe as a hybrid event. The conference welcomed representatives from 41 countries, including the largest group of students and early career professionals of any ICAIS conference. The theme of the conference was "Global Climate Change Amplifies Aquatic Invasive Species Impacts." Keynote speakers discussed ongoing invasions and the damaging synergy between climate change and invasions, presented on the value of risk assessment, outreach, and education, highlighted new ways to estimate the economic costs of invasions, and told attendees about some of the work of NGOs in managing invasions. This special issue includes a selection of papers that were presented at the conference, along with a few related papers that were not presented which touch on the risk of specific vectors, improvements in survey techniques to detect new or spreading invaders, and advances in management approaches to control AIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to study the influence of the current regulatory environment on the investment decisions of sustainability-oriented institutional investorswithin theGerman-speaking region of Europe. Through the use of a structured questionnaire, aimed at institutional investors, this paper presents detailed insights into the preferences of investors when purchasing green bonds, bonds that contribute to reducing or preventing adverse effects stemming fromclimate change. After analysing our sample of 179 participants, it is demonstrated that the credibility of a green bond is a basic prerequisite for an investor to purchase such an instrument. Additionally, the attractiveness of green bonds is influenced by financial factors such as tax incentives as well as the interest rate environment. Furthermore, this paper studies the influence of environmental, social and governance (esg) strategies on green bond investment decisions, where it is revealed that the environmental pillar is the most important for investors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the concept of creating a new airport in Poland, the Solidarity Transport Hub, which is ultimately to be one of the most important transfer hubs in Europe. The purpose of this paper is to introduce readers to the planned investment and present a discussion of its actual construction and legal status. Among other things, the paper discusses the assumptions of the project, as well as the phases of its implementation, the specifications of the investment and the possibilities of achieving the expected success. In addition, the author extends the discussion of the investment with an analysis of its possible benefits, including the advantages and disadvantages of the plan, and also provides her suggestions for the success of the investment. The paper is a preview of the changes underway in Europe's major hub market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that the current age is best understood as a theological age in that its normal approach to the world is one based on a high level of abstraction. Theology stands in contrast with piety, which derives much more from immediate experience and embodies common sense. The cultural and intellectual development of Europe and the West can be understood in terms of the interaction of two distinct modes of thinking and viewing the world, namely theology and piety, and the way in which theology has come to dominate Western culture to the detriment of piety. Hence, the dominance of Greek rationalism within the West has led to a one-sided culture that gives priority to rationalist modes of thought. There has been a continuing tradition of piety in the West, but its existence has tended to be somewhat fugitive as can be seen, for example, in Musil's depiction of the 'other condition' and in J S Mill's personal breakdown caused by an excess of theology. The implications of a theological approach for history are evident as historical developments are viewed through the rigid prisms of perspectives that either fragment the study of history into a series of disconnected narratives endowed with their unique telos or impose an all-encompassing narrative that erases differences as well as potentialities. In both cases, it is the theological mode of thought—which has dominated the West since the so-called birth of rationalism—that turns history into ideology. This paper contends that the current condition calls for a new history of philosophy that captures and responds to the crisis affecting the West's self-understanding and sense of purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen has been widely recognised as a versatile and environmentally-friendly energy carrier, with a broad range of potential applications across various sectors. The abundance of hydrogen in the universe and its high energy content makes it an attractive alternative to conventional fossil fuels. Moreover, the utilization of hydrogen does not produce greenhouse gases or other pollutants that contribute to air pollution and climate change. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in developing and deploying hydrogen technologies for a sustainable energy future. This paper provides an in-depth exploration of the potential of hydrogen as a clean energy source in different sectors, such as transportation, energy storage, power generation, industry, buildings, maritime transport, and aviation. The aim of the paper is to provide an overview of the current state of hydrogen applications in Europe and the Baltic States, including examples of ongoing projects and initiatives, and to assess the advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen technologies in different sectors. The main results of the paper highlight that hydrogen has the potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and achieve carbon neutrality targets. However, the deployment of hydrogen technologies also faces various challenges such as high production costs, lack of infrastructure, and safety concerns. The tasks of the paper are to provide an insight into the potential of hydrogen, identify the challenges and limitations, and highlight ongoing research and development efforts in this field. The paper concludes that the widespread adoption of hydrogen technologies is a long-term goal that requires the cooperation of various stakeholders and the development of innovative and cost-effective solutions. Despite the challenges, the current state of hydrogen applications and ongoing projects in Europe and the Baltic States demonstrate that hydrogen has the potential to play a significant role in the transition to a sustainable and low-carbon future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The onset of periods with very high or low air temperatures has aroused general interest for a long time, which is understandable since it has many dangerous effects directly affecting humans. Such perilous climatic phenomena include exceptionally cold and exceptionally warm months, which this study investigates for all Europe and for its five physico‐geographic regions over the 190‐year period of 1831–2020. Therefore, the research in this paper includes two periods characteristic of the history of climate – the late Little Ice Age (LIA) and present‐day warming. The studies are based on average monthly air temperature values from 40 weather stations in Europe. In this paper, exceptionally cold months (ECMs) or exceptionally warm months (EWMs) are considered to have occurred when the average air temperature at a station differed from the respective long‐term average by at least two standard deviations. The highlights of the study include the identification of a drop in the number of ECMs by 20 over the entire 190‐year period, and a highly statistically significant increase in EWMs by 44 between 1980 and 2020. These changes proceeded with different intensities from one physico‐geographic region of Europe to another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines existing methods of evaluating sample quality, showing that their practical utility and applicability to large-scale cross-project comparisons depends on whether they require auxiliary individual-level data. Among those methods that do not demand any such additional data, we differentiate between two approaches that rely on (i) external criteria, that is, comparisons of sample estimates to benchmarks derived from external population statistics, and (ii) internal criteria, that is, comparisons of subsample estimates to a theoretically derived aprioristic value. Our analyses demonstrate the advantages and limitations of both approaches based on an evaluation of 1,125 national surveys carried out in Europe between 2002 and 2016 within four survey projects: the Eurobarometer, European Quality of Life Survey, European Social Survey, and International Social Survey Programme. We show that the prevailing absence of design weights in cross-national survey datasets severely limits the applicability of external criteria evaluations. In contrast, using internal criteria without any weights proves acceptable because incorporating design weights in calculations of internal sample quality has only minor consequences for estimates of sample bias. Furthermore, applying internal criteria, we find that around 75 percent of samples in the four analyzed projects are not significantly biased. We also identify surveys with extremely high sample bias and investigate its potential sources. The paper concludes with recommendations regarding future research, which are directed at secondary data users, as well as producers of cross-national surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shares an early-career perspective on potential themes for the upcoming International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) Scientific Decade (SD). This opinion paper synthesizes six discussion sessions in western Europe identifying three themes that all offer a different perspective on the hydrological threats the world faces and could serve to direct the broader hydrological community: "Tipping points and thresholds in hydrology," "Intensification of the water cycle," and "Water services under pressure." Additionally, four trends were distinguished concerning the way in which hydrological research is conducted: big data, bridging science and practice, open science, and inter- and multidisciplinarity. These themes and trends will provide valuable input for future discussions on the theme for the next IAHS SD. We encourage other early-career scientists to voice their opinion by organizing their own discussion sessions and commenting on this paper to make this initiative grow from a regional initiative to a global movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To develop clinical guidelines for musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSKUS) referral in Europe. Methods: Sixteen musculoskeletal radiologists from seven European countries participated in a consensus-based interactive process (Delphi method) using consecutive questionnaires and consensus procedure meetings at several European radiology meetings. The evaluation of musculoskeletal diseases was established by literature reviews, followed by consensus on clinical utility in three consensus meetings. This involved a thorough, transparent, iterative approach which including interview, questionnaire, Delphi and standard setting methodologies. European MSK radiologists with a special interest in MSKUS formed two different expert groups who worked on reaching a consensus in the first two meetings. The third meeting resolved questions that did not achieve a consensus level of 67% using the first two questionnaires. Results: On expert consensus, the use of MSKUS is indicated to detect joint synovitis, fluid and septic effusion for potential aspiration, and poorly indicated to detect loose bodies. Recommendations for most appropriate use of musculoskeletal ultrasound are reported in six areas relevant to musculoskeletal ultrasound: hand/wrist, elbow, shoulder, hip, knee and ankle/foot. Conclusion: A comprehensive evidence-based, expert consensus-defined educational framework on clinical ultrsound is presented. This should facilitate referrals for this important imaging technique throughout Europe. Key Points: • Musculoskeletal ultrasound is indicated for detecting joint synovitis, effusions and fluid collections. • Musculoskeletal ultrasound is poor at detecting loose bodies. • Musculoskeletal ultrasound is relevant for most joints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including the Catholic Social Teaching (CST) review, the development of CST, and the importance of the Church's voice to be heard in Europe.

The article describes the values, vision, mission and aims of the Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region (ASPHER). The mission and objectives of ASPHER include promotion of education, research and service in the field of public health to create a dynamic academic and practical educational infrastructure, promotion of public awareness, policy, and support for mentoring academic environments, and promotion of peer review in research to raise standards in public health.

Although based on academic background and literature, my answer to the questions posed by the European Commission turns out to be rather political as from my point of view it is impossible to address those questions in a purely technical way. Although there are other, probably more relevant, obstacles to the internal market, I consider that there is enough evidence to assume that different legislation is an obstacle well worth looking at. I begin with the discussion of goals, strictly connected to the scope of application, and move to the debate on formal/informal harmonisation of contract law. As on one side there is not enough evaluation to sustain solidly that harmonisation or unification is better that diversity that meets local preferences, and on the other side liberty, subsidiarity and proportionality claim for parties' freedom to opt for their better solution, I support the view that Member States must be able to maintain their internal law but at the same time must wide the parties' scope of options with the approval of a Regulation on European contract law. In any case, a lot of assessment should still take place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a reprint of the article "Aptitud de la mujer para ejercer todas las profesiones," by Soledad Acosta de Samper, presented at the Congreso Pedagógico Hispano-Lusitano-Americano in Madrid, Spain in 1892. Acosta discusses women's roles in 19th-century society, particularly in Latin America, and examines the intense academic and social debate surrounding this topic. She also analyzes the schooling women receive in educational systems and compares women's roles in various countries in Latin America and Europe.

The widely recognised benefits of a multidisciplinary approach to treating cancer may be particularly important in prostate cancer, where there are so many treatment options to choose from. It offers patients the best chance of receiving high-quality medical procedures administered by a team of specialists in prostate disease, which is able to tailor treatment and observational strategies to their needs, and ensure access to specialist counselling, supportive care and rehabilitation. This article proposes Prostate Cancer Units as the most suitable structures for organising specialist multidisciplinary care for patients at all stages, from newly diagnosed to advanced disease, including preventing and managing the main complications, whether physical, emotional or psychological, arising from the disease and its treatment. Following the German example with prostate cancer, the British example with urological malignancies and the European breast cancer units, this article proposes general recommendations and mandatory requirements for Prostate Cancer Units, with a view to laying the basis for a network of certified units across Europe. Such a network could help improve standards of care throughout the region, providing patients, practitioners and health authorities with a means of identifying high-quality units and providing a system of quality control and audit. The article is intended as a contribution to the debate within the European uro-oncologic community on the best way to organise prostate cancer care. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This review gives an update on recent epidemiologic data on periodontal diseases and a description of current periodontal services in Europe. A Medline search of articles published within the last decade with the keywords epidemiology, prevalence, periodontitis, tooth loss, and Europe was performed. Data on provision of dental services originated from international databases. Epidemiologic data on the prevalence of edentulism, the number of missing teeth, the prevalence of probing depth (Community Periodontal Index – CPI ≥ 3 or Pocket Depth – PD ≥ 4 mm), and clinical attachment loss (CAL ≥ 4 mm) displayed a fragmentary picture within Europe. With respect to the limited data on periodontal health, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland ranked as the healthiest among European countries in contrast to Germany where increased tooth loss and the highest prevalence of CAL ≥ 4 mm were reported. The role of dental auxiliaries especially of dental hygienists and/or the medico-legal framework in which they work, appears to be an important factor in provision of effective periodontal care. Actual epidemiologic data on periodontal diseases are non-homogeneous and absent from several European countries. This emphasises the need for more national representative epidemiological studies with a uniform design to permit comparability between different nations. Merging actual epidemiologic data with former data on provision of periodontal care may help to explain differences in periodontal parameters on a population basis and to define future provision of dental care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article features the life and works of Robert Hertz. It notes that Hertz was known as a socialist activist, a nationalist soldier and an ethnographer of Europe. He was a member of Jean Jaures' socialist party and participated in World War I. It also notes that Hertz made an account about Saint Besse wherein he views that religious practices are the key contributor to social identity.

A wave of company law reform has swept across Europe and has now reached Denmark, where a proposal for a new combined companies act has been put forward and will soon enter the legislative process. In this article, the driving forces behind these reforms are explored. They are: the freedom to choose among the company law regimes of the European Union that follows from the case law of the EC Court of Justice; the demise of the doctrine of protection of capital; and the increasing insignificance of the distinction within company law between public and private limited companies. The main tenets of the Danish reform are: the introduction of a combined companies act to cover both the public and the private limited company; the possibility to choose between the main corporate governance models known in European company law, which, in combination with the possibility to use English at board meetings, the general meeting of shareholders and in public documents and accounts, should cater to the needs of crossborder business and investment; and a relaxation of the capital regime allowing limited companies more freedom in deciding the structure of their share capital and the distribution of control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article (which is dedicated to the German professor Alfred Haverkamp) focuses on the expulsions of Jews in Europe during the Middle Ages. Several topics are discussed, including how the Prussian King Frederick II wrote letters protecting Jews after his ancestor Rupert II expelled the Prussian Jews, how the French Kings Philip II, August, and Louis VIII all mistreated the Jews when they first came into power, and how Jewish communities and Jewish individuals were often expelled without warning or reason during the Middle Ages.

The article reports on the strategy of Europa Press Holdings Co. in the creation its daily national newspaper, and explores the development of "Avastar," an electronic newspaper, by Bild.T-Online.de AG & Co. KG in Europe. It states that Europa Press Holdings' research and development team has created a website which provides an opportunity for customers to contribute ideas and opinions on the creation of the newspaper. In addition, the company has also created a marketing campaign and contest which focus on employing skilled individuals that will help in designing the publication. Bild.T-Online.de has used the website Second Life for the publication of "Avastar" in the Internet to attract a large group of readers.

The development of new molecular and neurobiological methods, computer-assisted quantification techniques and neurobiological investigation methods which can be applied to the human brain, all have evoked an increased demand for post-mortem tissue in research. Psychiatric disorders are considered to be of neurobiological origin. Thus far, however, the etiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia, depression and dementias are not well understood at the cellular and molecular level. The following will outline the consensus of the working group for neuropsychiatric brain banking organized in the Brainnet Europe II, on ethical guidelines for brain banking, clinical diagnostic criteria, the minimal clinical data set of retrospectively analyzed cases as well as neuropathological standard investigations to perform stageing for neurodegenerative disorders in brain tissue. We will list regions of interest for assessments in psychiatric disorder, propose a dissection scheme and describe preservation and storage conditions of tissue. These guidelines may be of value for future implementations of additional neuropsychiatric brain banks world-wide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]