23 results
Search Results
2. In Fear of International Law.
- Author
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Shearer, Ivan
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL law ,FEDERAL government - Abstract
The thesis of this paper is that governments of some otherwise enlightened states are increasingly fearful of acknowledging the restraints imposed on them by existing international law. They are also reluctant to enter into new commitments by way of international conventions that would expand the reach of international law. The paper asks whether these fears are based on a true understanding of international law or on some distorted view of it. It will draw comparisons and some contrasts between Australia and the United States in their reactions to a number of recent events as well as to some enduring situations of contemporary relevance. Had time (and the limits of my research) permitted, one might also have examined public attitudes toward international law in China, Japan, and Russia in this context, where similar fears appear to be entertained. France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom, also enlightened states, appear by contrast to belong to a group more dedicated to international law. As Robert Kagan has recently remarked, the experience of two world wars at close quarters, and the formation of the European Union, have made the European countries more dedicated to process, where the United States is more interested in results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Web Strategies for the Curation and Discovery of Open Educational Resources
- Author
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Rolfe, Vivien
- Abstract
For those receiving funding from the UK HEFCE-funded Open Educational Resource Programme (2009-2012), the sustainability of project outputs was one of a number of essential goals. Our approach for the hosting and distribution of health and life science open educational resources (OER) was based on the utilisation of the WordPress.org blogging platform and search engine optimisation (SEO) techniques to curate content and widen discovery. This paper outlines the approaches taken and tools used at the time, and reflects upon the effectiveness of web strategies several years post-funding. The paper concludes that using WordPress.org as a platform for sharing and curating OER, and the adoption of a pragmatic approach to SEO, offers cheap and simple ways for small-scale open education projects to be effective and sustainable.
- Published
- 2016
4. Prospects for the Development and Internationalization of Higher Education in Asia
- Author
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Krechetnikov, Konstantin, Pestereva, Nina, and Rajovic, Goran
- Abstract
This study investigates the current process of internationalization of higher education in the countries of the Asia Pacific region (APR) through the example of China, the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Russia. The article aims to familiarize the reader with the experience of internationalizing higher education in APR states against a backdrop of global trends. The authors examine the major strategies for the internationalization of education, such as taking a coordinated approach, attracting qualified manpower, focusing on deriving profit, and expanding the potential. The paper analyzes the traditions, strengths and weaknesses, and general traits and characteristics of the above states' national systems of education, as well as the major forms of international partnership and key dimensions of education internationalization in APR states. The authors show that over the last few years APR states have been increasingly active in entering into agreements in the area of education internationalization, which has facilitated the division of spheres of influence and zones of responsibility within the educational area, as well as the steering of educational approaches along a common course. The paper employs traditional methods of research, such as classification, comparative analysis, generalization, juxtaposition, and forecasting. The study suggests three possible scenarios for the future development of the process of higher education internationalization: sustainably diverse internationalization, convergence in the direction of the liberal model, and the triumph of developing economies. The paper also describes current trends in this area in APR states. The authors come to the conclusion that we are in for considerable changes in the international market of educational services, such as the reconsideration of spheres of influence and redistribution of key players in the market, dynamicity and heterochrony in development being among the key traits inherent to today's market of educational services.
- Published
- 2016
5. You Say IFRS, I Say FASB…Let's Call the Whole Thing Off
- Author
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Tickell, Geoffrey, Rahman, Monsurur, and Alexandre, Romain
- Abstract
This paper discusses the noticeable nervousness of many US-based financial statement issuers in adopting IFRS. For contextual purposes, the paper provides an overview of the FASB/IFRS convergence so far and its probable future. A detailed review of convergence in accounting standards is explained through the respective standards for "Pensions and Other Post-Employment Benefits". The paper concludes by suggesting that, while one set of global steps is a noble goal, it might not achieve the desired goal of comparability.
- Published
- 2013
6. Educational Poverty by Design: A Case of Mismanagement of National Resources
- Author
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Ahmad, Nisar
- Abstract
The primary purpose of this paper is to review and evaluate the causes of educational poverty in less developed countries. The basic intent in carrying out such a study is to define and derive the role of governing agencies in deliberately creating educational poverty in the country, so that the private interest of the rich and powerful ruling class can be fully safeguarded. This study is of crucial interest to the common man because majority of the people living in less developed countries are poor in spite of the fact, that almost all these countries own ample human and material resources. However, the common man in these countries is continuously suffering, generation after generation, and has been denied access to basic amenities of life. The rich and powerful ruling class, in majority of the less developed countries, has intentionally denied basic education facilities to its people for keeping them ignorant and unaware of their fundamental rights to share national resources and to gain competence for comfortable living in the society. The paper advocates a complete reversal in economic growth policies of the less developed countries so that top priority is given to those projects and programs that directly benefit the common man in the society. In this respect, the author calls for awareness among the people to exercise their economic and social rights so that people of all the strata can share equally the fruits of growth and prosperity.
- Published
- 2013
7. The China-Russia-Japan Military Balance in Manchuria, 1906-1918.
- Author
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MASAFUMI, ASADA
- Subjects
HISTORY of Manchuria, China ,INTERNATIONAL alliances ,CHINESE history ,RUSSIAN Revolution, 1917-1921 ,MILITARY relations ,REVOLUTIONS ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Even after the Russo-Japanese War, Manchuria remained the powder keg of East Asia. In the war’s aftermath, three empires, the Qing, the Russian and the Japanese, stationed their troops in Manchuria, in a struggle for military supremacy there. There has already been a considerable amount of research on these military activities. However, previous works have not discussed them from a triangular relationship. This paper contends that the history of modern East Asia cannot be understood until one examines the shift in the military balance in Manchuria from a triangular comparative point of view. The results of such examination show that, in Manchuria, each empire was unable to establish military domination alone, and therefore needed an alliance partner. During the Xinhai Revolution, the Russia-Japan ‘alliance’ wielded overwhelming military power against China. However, after the Russian Revolution in 1917, Japan renounced cooperation with a weakened Russia and built a new partnership with China to advance the Siberian intervention. The military triangle of Russia, China and Japan was unable to create a comprehensive regional security system in Manchuria because what was established was based on mutual distrust and fear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE AND RESPONSE: SOCIAL CONTEXT AND THE PRACTICE OF BIRTH CONTROL IN SIX COUNTRIES.
- Author
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Presser, Harriet B., Hattori, Megan L. Klein, Parashar, Sangeeta, Raley, Sara, and Zhihong Sa
- Subjects
BIRTH control ,HUMAN fertility - Abstract
This paper expands on Kingsley Davis's demographic thesis of change and response. Specifically, we consider the social context that accounts for the primacy of particular birth control methods that bring about fertility change during specific time periods. We examine the relevance of state policy (including national family planning programs), the international population establishment, the medical profession, organized religion, and women's groups using case studies from Japan, Russia, Puerto Rico, China, India, and Cameroon. Some of these countries are undergoing the second demographic transition, others the first. Despite variations in context, heavy reliance on sterilization and/or abortion as a means of birth control is a major response in most of these countries. The key roles of the medical profession and state policy are discussed, along with the general lack of influence of religion and of women's groups in these countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Establishing the Need for Cross-Cultural and Global Issues Research
- Author
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Zhao, Yali, Lin, Lin, and Hoge, John D.
- Abstract
More than any previous generation, today's students need to develop a global perspective and be knowledgeable about other nations in order to play a better role on the global stage. This paper first reviews some earlier and current studies on students' knowledge of the world, mainly conducted in the United States, and then it describes the global education status and similar studies in countries like Canada, Russia, the United Kingdom, China, Japan, South Korea, and Australia. Based on a review of studies in these countries, the paper proposes that contemporary assessments of students' cross-national and global knowledge and attitudes are necessary. The new research must be multinational, assessing what paired nations' school aged populations know about one another's history, geography, politics, economics, and international relations. (Contains 1 footnote.)
- Published
- 2007
10. Pre-School Education Audit in the World and Turkey
- Author
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Çakir, Turan
- Abstract
Preschool education is an education process that prepares children for primary education, provides the training and upbringing conditions in the home and also aims to remove the inequalities in terms of language and society in the early period. The audit is to evaluate learning and all the factors that affect learning and also prepare the environment and conditions for effective learning. The purpose of this research was to develop a comprehensive point of view for preschool education audit in the world and our country. Document analysis that is one of the qualitative research methods were utilized in this paper as the method. The documents related to the systems in France, Netherlands, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, Denmark, Greece, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Sweden, Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Switzerland, Russia, China, Israel, America, Saudi Arabia, Japan, India Jordan, Albania, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Romania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Poland, Kosovo and Turkey were researched out within the scope of this study.
- Published
- 2021
11. Publications Output: U.S. Trends and International Comparisons. Science & Engineering Indicators 2020. NSB-2020-6
- Author
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National Science Foundation, National Science Board and White, Karen
- Abstract
This report presents data on peer-reviewed S&E journals and conference proceedings reflecting the rapidly expanding volume of research activity, the involvement and scientific capabilities different countries, and the expanding research ecosystem demonstrated through international collaborations. Publication output grew about 4% annually over the past 10 years. China and India grew more than the world average, while the United States and European Union grew less than the world average. Research papers from the United States and EU countries had higher impact scores. International collaborations have increased over the past 10 years. [SRI International, Center for Innovation Strategy and Policy assisted with report preparation.]
- Published
- 2019
12. Chinese Migration to Russia and Japan after 1978 and the Role of State Policies: A Comparative Study.
- Author
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Nikita Kovrigin
- Subjects
- *
EMIGRATION & immigration , *IMMIGRANTS - Abstract
Contemporary Chinese migration to Japan and Russia started almost simultaneously in the 1980s. Despite obvious differences between the two nations, the set of factors that preconditioned the start of migration was very similar. Over the past three decades, the Chinese community in Japan evolved greatly, integrating into the local society, while Chinese migrants in Russia continue to occupy the same niche. This paper explores the role of migration and domestic policies adopted by the two nations in the process of contemporary Chinese community's formation. Japan has clear economic and political goals and it constantly adjusts its policy toward different categories of migrants. Russia, however, demonstrates a contradictory approach to the issue of migration that has created barriers to incorporating the Chinese community and has generally had a negative effect on Chinese community as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
13. Diffusion of KM Education in LIS Schools
- Author
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Katušcáková, Marcela and Jasecková, Galina
- Abstract
This paper aims to identify the current state of knowledge management (KM) diffusion in LIS schools. In terms of content, we have identified two principal approaches to the perception of KM in the LIS community: an active approach, seeing KM as an opportunity for the LIS community to change; and a passive approach, seeing KM merely as a topic of information management with a new label. Our research analyzed study programs at 145 LIS schools and in 188 LIS study programs in the United States, Canada, Europe (in particular, Russia), Australia, India, South Africa, China, Japan, Singapore, and Brazil and observed the inclusion or non-inclusion of KM courses in those programs. We employ a narrower approach to defining a KM course as being one having the term "knowledge management" in its name. The findings indicate that KM courses are integrated in one-third of the LIS study programs analyzed, and in schools with an information science focus this figure can rise to around 45%. Given the importance of this area and various views regarding KM diffusion in LIS schools, we recommend that those who have already implemented a KM course in their LIS programs create an informal community of practice (CoP) on KM implementation in LIS schools and build an open database of lessons learned from such integration, thereby capturing and sharing this crucial knowledge in a single place.
- Published
- 2019
14. Government Spending across the World: How the United States Compares. National Issue Brief No. 144
- Author
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University of New Hampshire, Carsey School of Public Policy, Ettlinger, Michael, Hensley, Jordan, and Vieira, Julia
- Abstract
In this brief, authors Michael Ettlinger, Jordan Hensley, and Julia Vieira analyze how much the governments of different countries spend, and on what, to illuminate the range of fiscal policy options available and provide a basis for determining which approaches work best. They report that the United States ranks twenty-fourth in government spending as a share of GDP out of twenty-nine countries for which recent comparable data are available. The key determinant of where countries rank in overall government spending is the amount spent on social protection. The United States ranks last in spending on social protection as a share of GDP and twenty-second in per capita spending. The United States ranks at or near the top in military, health care, education, and law enforcement spending. Measuring government spending by different methods and including tax expenditures does not appear to significantly alter the conclusion that the United States is a low-tax, low-spending country relative to the other countries examined, particularly when compared to its fellow higher-income countries. [This paper is an evolution of a previous work, "Comparing Public Spending and Priorities Across OECD Countries" (ED606844).]
- Published
- 2019
15. International Student Mobility: Limits of the Current Model
- Author
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Hugonnier, Bernard
- Abstract
Since 2000, the number of students trained abroad has increased 100%. This statistic shows how not only many students but also how future employers value this training. It gives students an additional skill, which can be called "internationality". Accordingly a large number of countries intend to rapidly increase the number of students studying abroad. This trend leads to a model of international student mobility that would be perfect if, first, all students could benefit from it; second, if this model did not create some inequalities; and finally, if it did not cause some distortions in the world that may be economic or academic in nature. This paper shows that this is not the case. It is therefore important to analyse these phenomena in order to find solutions to improve the current model of international student mobility.
- Published
- 2017
16. Conclusions.
- Subjects
ECONOMIC convergence ,STOCK exchanges ,EUROZONE - Abstract
The article presents a study which investigates the financial integration of stock markets of China and Russia at both national and sectoral levels in comparison with the U.S., euro area, and Japan from September 1995 to October 2010. The study uses a price-based approach for an existence and analysis of dynamics of stock market integration. The study reveals that the integration between Chinese and Russian stock markets depend on the assessment of sigma-convergence.
- Published
- 2012
17. The United States Is Far behind Other Countries on Pre-K
- Author
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Center for American Progress, Herman, Juliana, Post, Sasha, and O'Halloran, Scott
- Abstract
Early childhood education and school readiness is essential to preparing children to succeed in an increasingly competitive global economy. Compared to other countries, however, the United States lags far behind on preschool, trailing a number of other countries in enrollment, investment, and quality. In February 2013, however, President Barack Obama put forth a bold plan to significantly expand access to preschool. His plan would invest $75 billion in high-quality preschool, helping the nation catch up with other countries. On almost every element (preschool participation, typical age children begin early-childhood programs, teacher-to-child ratio in early childhood-education programs, and total investment in early childhood-education programs) the United States ranks behind most of the other countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, or OECD. This paper shows how far behind the United States is on preschool, making it evident that the president's plan needs to be implemented. Each of these elements is explored and compared with other countries' numbers. If the United States is to train a world-class workforce, it is imperative that it catches up to the rest of the world on pre-K.
- Published
- 2013
18. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (75th, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, August 5-8, 1992). Part II: Journalism History, Section B.
- Author
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Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.
- Abstract
Section B of the Journalism History section of the proceedings contains the following nine papers: "Weep into Silence/Cries of Rage: Bitter Divisions in Hawaii's Japanese Press" (Tom Brislin); "Viewing the Newspaper as International: The First International Organization of Journalists Debates News Copyright 1894-1898" (Ulf Jonas Bjork); "The Commercial Roots of Foreign Correspondence: The 'New York Herald' and Foreign News, 1835-1839" (Ulf Jonas Bjork); "The Short Life of the National Courier: Christian Journalism's 'Finest Hour?'" (Ken Waters); "The Revolutionary Power of the Press: Newspapers as a Shadow Political Arena in 1848 in France and 1917 in Russia" (Lisa W. Holstein); "Broken Bridges: Protestant Missionary Journalists as Cultural Brokers in Early 19th Century China" (Charles W. Elliot); "The Treasonous Irish: Vigilantes, Conspiracies and the Mainstream Press, 1917-1918" (Mick Mulcrone); "Unequal Partners: Gender Relationships in Victorian Radical Journalism" (David R. Spencer); and "The Newspaper as Social Composer of the North Idaho Mining Frontier" (David J. Vergobbi). (RS)
- Published
- 1992
19. Empirical results.
- Subjects
ECONOMIC convergence ,STOCK exchanges ,EUROZONE - Abstract
The article discusses the integration of national and sectoral stock markets between China and Russia and with other three global benchmarks including the U.S., euro area, and Japan. It states that the estimation period was divided into three sub-periods for beta-convergence to analyze stock market integration over time. It says that the national and sectoral levels based on a finding of beta-convergence suggests that the stock markets of China and Russia could be identified as isolated.
- Published
- 2012
20. Global Modeling of the Potential World System.
- Author
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Gelovani, V. A. and Dubovsky, S. V.
- Subjects
PETROLEUM industry ,RECESSIONS ,POWER resources ,ENERGY shortages ,RESEARCH & development ,SOCIAL problems - Abstract
Copyright of International Political Science Review is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Carbon conundrums: Geopolitical clashes and market mayhem in the race for sustainability.
- Author
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Rao A, Hossain MR, Gupta M, Parihar JS, and Sharma GD
- Subjects
- China, European Union, Japan, Russia, Carbon
- Abstract
This research presents an in-depth investigation into the dynamic correlation between geopolitical conflicts and carbon markets utilizing the Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregression (TVP-VAR) technique. The analysis focuses on the interconnectedness between the Geopolitical Risk Index Daily (GPRD) and vital carbon pricing instruments, specifically the Intercontinental Exchange Endex European Union Allowance (ECEFDC), KraneShares California Carbon Allowance Strat ETF (KCCAK), Shanghai Environment and Energy Exchange China Emission Allowances Online Transactions (SAXCEA), and S&P Global Ex-Japan LargeMidCap Carbon Efficient Index (SPGJ). The daily fluctuations were traced from May 2021 to July 2023. The analysis is divided into short- and long-term connectedness, with particular emphasis on the impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict on the GPRD's spillover on carbon markets. The short-term connectedness (1-5 days) between GPRD and ECEFDC shows variability, fluctuating between 10% and 40%. Conversely, long-term connectedness exhibited a significant increase during the conflict, peaking at approximately 34% by mid-2022. The analysis of the Total Dynamic Connectedness (TCI) between the GPRD and the KCCAK indicates comparable magnitudes, although with minor initial discrepancies. The short-term connectedness of GPRD and KCCAK decreases from its peak of approximately 10% to approximately 1%. Conversely, long-term connectedness varies between approximately 32% and 2% from May 2022 onwards. The long-term connectedness between GPRD and SAXCEA revealed variable patterns, peaking at around 18% at the beginning of the sample period and rapidly reducing to around 1% within two months. The analysis of the connectedness between GPRD and the SPG) identifies intense fluctuations in both TCI and long-term connectedness. After an initial increase and decrease, these patterns rebound and experience another increase. This research provides significant insights into the complex dynamics of geopolitical conflicts and carbon markets, particularly the impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict on carbon market behavior., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Structural decomposition analysis of global carbon emissions: The contributions of domestic and international input changes.
- Author
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Jiang M, An H, Gao X, Jia N, Liu S, and Zheng H
- Subjects
- China, Germany, India, Japan, Russia, Carbon analysis, Carbon Dioxide analysis
- Abstract
Finding the essential factors driving carbon emissions is vital for the carbon reduction policy-making. Different from the existing research, this paper studied the separate influence of internal and external input structural changes on global carbon emissions. We applied structural decomposition analysis (SDA) to decompose the global carbon emission change into six factors: namely, the carbon emission intensity, the domestic input structure, the international input structure, consumption pattern, consumption volume and population. The results firstly showed that the contributions of different factors to global carbon emissions changed over time. In recent five years, structural changes of domestic inputs became the principle driver of decrease in global carbon emissions. Secondly, the results showed that there were significant differences for countries in their factors for carbon emissions. In India and Russia, domestic input structural change was the major contributor to the decrease in carbon emissions. In Japan and Germany, the most important factor for the increase in carbon emissions was the international input structure. Finally, the results showed the factors for carbon emission changes were correlated to economic development. The international input structural changes significantly increased carbon emissions in high-income countries. Our findings suggested that some countries such as India and Russia, improving the usage efficiency of domestic carbon-intensive products would help reducing carbon emissions. For most high-income countries such as Japan and Germany, they should reduce the dependence on the imported carbon-intensive products by turning the external input sources to countries with technology advantages. In addition, technology exportation of high-income countries would also be beneficial for the global carbon reduction., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Role of information and communication technologies and innovation in driving carbon emissions and economic growth in selected G-20 countries.
- Author
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Nguyen TT, Pham TAT, and Tram HTX
- Subjects
- Argentina, Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Republic of Korea, Russia, Turkey, United Kingdom, Carbon Dioxide, Economic Development
- Abstract
This paper contributes to the growing literature regarding the role of Information and Communication Technologies as well as Innovation on driving the level of carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth in context of the 21st conference of the Parties to the Climate convention (COP21). Drawing the data from 13 selected G-20 countries (including Argentina, Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States) during the period of 15 years, our study achieves significant results. First, only five factors impede the carbon emissions namely energy price, foreign direct investment, technology, spending on innovation and trade openness while the remainder of determinants contribute to contamination of environment, including financial development. Second, when it comes to economic growth, information and communication technological and financial development are positive driving factors. Our results do reject the absence of Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) from our sample. Finally, our study empirically suggests that the work of controlling consumption of oil and environmentally friendly process including manufacture-trading in these economies will limit the amount of pollution., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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