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In light of artificial intelligence and new technologies, organizations have to follow new ways of working with different skill sets to achieve strategic goals. Therefore, human resource analytics is the scientific solution that enables organizations to make important decisions related to human capital and strategic business and thus gain a competitive advantage. Through new technologies comes the role of big data, as it works to establish the reputation of human resources as a strategic business partner that makes decisions driven by analytics. Evidence-based decisions, therefore, all equal a significant competitive advantage. This conceptual paper aims to understand the relationship between human resource analytics and achieving a competitive advantage in the presence of big data. This study will use quantitative data through a survey list that will be distributed to middle managers and human resources employees of the telecommunications company sector in Egypt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in the Arab World are still in their infancy. Many Arab countries are now starting to launch their MOOC platforms; however, there are only a few who have actually implemented such systems. This paper will explore online learning, in particular the rise of MOOCs around the world and their impact on the Arab World. The purpose of this paper is to give a true picture of the development of the first MOOC platforms in the Arab World. It will analyse in detail the concept, definitions, background, and types of MOOCs (xMOOCs and cMOOCs), as well as the main MOOCs platform in the Western and Arab worlds, and a timeline of the development of MOOCs. It will then observe the status of MOOCs in the developed world, opportunities in the Middle East, and the influence of Western MOOCs on the Arab world, from many perspectives, e.g. educational, religious, cultural and social.

Copyright of Journal of Social Affairs is the property of Journal of Social Affairs and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to investigate, analyze and conserve the general arrangement plan of the Egyptian royal yacht “Safra El-Bahr” from the National Archives of Egypt’s tracing paper collection. The yacht was specifically designed for Abbas II, the khedive of Egypt in 1894 A.D. The following analytical techniques were used for this study: pH value measurement, fungal testing, XRD, ATR-FTIR and SEM-EDX. Results revealed that the pH value of the plan paper is 6.5. Fungal testing proved the presence of Aspergillus Niger and Penicillium sp. The crystallinity index of cellulose in the historical paper increased compared to modern tracing paper indicating the occurrence of deterioration. The ATR-FTIR spectrum of the studied tracing paper revealed the presence of gelatin as a sizing material. The SEM investigation showed the effect of the natural ageing and surrounding environmental conditions on the surface morphology of the fibers. The EDX analysis revealed the use of kaolinite Al2Si2O3(OH)4, Cl, NaOH and CaCo3 in paper manufacture. Copper carbonate (CuCO3) was used for the blue color. Conservation treatments conducted on the object included cleaning, removal of pressure sensitive tape, removal of adhesive residues, tear mending and lining. These processes revealed the aesthetic value of the general arrangement plan - screw yacht “SAFA-EL-BAHRE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cesarean delivery rates are rapidly increasing in Southeastern Europe (to more than 60%), North Africa (with a rate as high as 72% in Egypt), and in urban areas in Southern Africa (a rate of over 50% in Lagos, Nigeria). Data on the background to these increases are scarce, but likely to include poor birthing facilities in general hospitals, convenience for the doctor, private medicine, fear of litigation, socioeconomic status, shortage of midwives and nurses, and disappearance of vaginal instrumental deliveries. Options to reverse cesarean delivery trends are discussed. In this context there is a need to be better informed about how women are being counseled regarding vaginal or cesarean delivery. The long-term consequences in subsequent pregnancies for mothers and children may well be largely ignored, while these risks are highest in LMICs where higher birth numbers are desired. FIGO has begun discussions with obstetric and gynecologic societies, healthcare bodies, and governments in several countries discussed in this article, to find ways to lower the cesarean delivery rate. The requests came from the countries themselves, which may prove beneficial in helping advance progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to present the components' characterization and condition assessment of an important deteriorated Mamluk-illuminated paper manuscript housed in Al-Azhar Library, Egypt. Design/methodology/approach: Different analytical techniques used in this study were the portable digital optical microscope, stereomicroscope, scanning electron microscope with EDX (SEM.EDX), portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), pH measurement and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Findings: The results obtained by different microscopes showed that the gilding in the surface of illuminated paper sheets was performed with gold leaves. Additionally, these microscopes revealed that the illuminated paper manuscript has different aspects of deterioration such as adhered dirt, staining, some micro-cracks, cracks and detachment of some parts in some illuminated areas. The results of elemental analysis by EDX, portable XRF and XRD analysis showed that the orange red pigment is red lead (Pb3O4), blue pigment is azurite (2CuCo3.Cu (OH)2), and the gold layer is has consisted of brass alloy (Cu-Zn) with a small amount of gold element (Au). The pH measurement stated that the historical paper in the acidity level. The ATR-FTIR analysis also revealed the oxidation of cellulose. Moreover, it was found from ATR-FTIR that Arabic gum was used as a binder for the pigments. Originality/value: This study presents the important results of analytical methods used for condition assessment and identification of the components of an important Mamluk-illuminated paper manuscript, where these results referred that the studied paper manuscript had different aspects of deterioration. The conservation steps either conservation treatment or preventive conservation are urgently needed in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The degradation and embrittlement of paper is due to the depolymerization of cellulose fibers; this is induced by acidity and oxidation. An important part of dealing with these chemically unstable materials is the neutralization of acid and deposition of a buffer reservoir to protect the fibers from introduction of acid in future. Paper deacidification is a fundamental process for achieving this goal. Any deacidification method chosen must be able to treat large numbers of items, safely, quickly and cheaply. The main goal of this paper was to investigate the effect of two deacidification solutions, which have never been used in Egypt, on the chemical and physical properties of different types of paper in order to find an alternative to Calcium hydroxide the most common deacidification method used in Egypt. Magnesium salts have been chosen to produce two deacidification methods, one of them in aqueous media, and the other in nonaqueous media; however, the magnesium has excellent deacidification properties and never have been applied in Egypt before. This paper is concerned with the Evaluation of Magnesium Bicarbonate (MBC) and Methyl Magnesium Carbonate (MMC), as neutralization agents, on the stability of paper substrate before and after accelerated ageing. Deacidification of acid paper samples (old book and newspaper) coming from wood pulp (20 century) and whatman paper samples, has been carried out with elaborate findings. Examinations and scientific analyses have been used in the assessment of treated samples, to figure out the efficacy of the two methods on the paper stability. Both methods have adequate deacidification properties; the pH value of paper has increased after deacidification. Mechanical testing and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) have proven considerable stability of mechanical and chemical properties of deacidified paper after accelerated ageing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study basically aimed to identify how the Egyptian paper and electronic newspapers dealt with phenomenon of child abduction in Egypt in terms of form and content, and to identify the issues raised by the newspapers in the context of their discussion of phenomenon of child abduction. The problem of the study lies in the main question: How do the Egyptian paper and electronic newspapers deal with the phenomenon of child abduction during the period from January 2013 AD to January 2018 AD? The study is one of descriptive studies, it used the survey method, the comparative method, and the content analysis tool to collect data, and it represents the community of the analytical study in All the issues issued by (Al-Ahram & Al-Wafd) newspapers as samples of newspapers, and (Mesr al-Arabiya, alMesreen) newspapers as representatives of e- newspapers, In the period from January 2013 AD to January 2018 AD, in order to represent one of the most stages which the cries gone through, however, the total study sample of the newspapers reached (240) per newspaper, and one of the most important reasons for choosing this period of time is spread of phenomenon of child kidnapping in this period. The study found that the journalistic treatment to the problem, provided by the study newspapers for the phenomenon, was far away from ethics and standards of professional Journalistic practice. The study recommended giving attention to treatments of an explanatory and investigative nature and strengthening the status of opinion writing in Egyptian newspapers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed at studying the recycling of shredded currency waste of The Egyptian Central Bank, ECB, in the form of good-quality products. The techniques used include soaking with chemicals, screening to separate the detached ink particles from the soaking step, pulping at high temperature, screening to separate large nylon pieces and small ink particles, flotation to separate large ink particles and small pieces of nylon and bleaching as the final step to increase the whiteness of the product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work is to evaluate the potency of sorghum stalks as an alternative fiber for pulp and papermaking for the first time in Egypt. Sorghum Kraft pulp was bleached using D0EOD1 sequences to achieve a final high brightness and suitable mechanical strength. The results revealed that pulping alkali of 14% Na2O concentration is the best choice. In addition, this percentage preserved high pulp brightness with a value of 86 ISO together with low fiber degradation besides imparting a high mechanical strength to the product. So, sorghum bagasse can be utilized as an important available low‐cost non‐wood fiber for paper industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) causes global exhaustion, consumes economic resources, and has several risk factors. The bibliometric studies re-evaluate the research efforts on this illness using mathematical and statistical tools to indicate current research and future trends. This study examines KSA's DM research during 2010-2021. Data were acquired from Scopus and analyzed using VOSviewer and MS Excel. Several characteristics were examined to measure the quantity and quality of KSA-related DM articles. In total, 1,919 journal and conference papers were published. DM research included researchers from multidisciplinary sectors. Thirty-seven percent of them have ten or more scientific publications. Al-Daghri, N.M. (King Saud University) leads the pack. In total, 757 (39.44%) research projects got funding from 159 sources within and outside KSA. Memish, Z.A. is the most cited author. The Saudi Medical Journal has the most citations (1214). Al-Daghri, N.M. (KSU) collaborates the most. One hundred forty-one nations aided KSA's diabetes research. Egypt's High Institute of Public Health has the most scientific collaboration with KSA. Authors' and all Keywords analyses indicated a rich knowledge structure. Diabetes Care Journal has the most cocitations with 2,220 and a total link strength of 19,283, followed by The New England Journal of Medicine. The study results will be helpful to stakeholders to understand better the trends and performance of diabetes-related regional research, which will be beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Egypt currently holds the record for the most retractions in the continent of Africa according to the Retraction Watch database, and the 2nd highest of countries in the Middle East. The purpose of this study was to analyse the retracted medical publications from Egyptian affiliations, in order to delineate specific problems and solutions. We examined databases including Pubmed, Google Scholar and others, for all retracted medical publications that were conducted in an Egyptian institution, up to the date of August 31st 2022. We observed for the reason(s) for retraction, number of citations of the retracted work, the length of time between publication and retraction, and where the work was published (journal, publisher and impact factor). 68 retractions were identified. Most retractions were from the speciality of Obstetrics and Gynecology (n = 22), followed by Anesthesia (n = 7). The top 3 reasons for retraction were unreliable results, FFP level misconduct, and duplicate publication. The number of retractions significantly increased over the years, especially in 2022. When taking into account the number of medical publications per institution, the institute with the highest rate of retractions was Mansoura University, while the lowest rate was Cairo University. The number of retracted medical Egyptian publications continues to increase over time, although they represent a small portion of the overall body of Egyptian medical research. Future studies on retracted articles should employ a methodology that considers the institutions where the studies were conducted. This could allow a better understanding of specific problems in certain countries or regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the use of neutral rosin-alum size in paper-making. The use of rosin size is widely prevalent in paper mills in Egypt as it is inexpensive, abundant and easy to process. Rosin-sized paper has low thermal decomposition temperature. An experiment was carried comparing paper produced from a neutral rosin-alum size and those from acidic rosin-alum size and neutral-alkaline atkylketene dimer (ADK) size. ADK sizing resulted in higher permanence of paper and print.

Aim: The present study aimed to perform scientometric assessment of global publications' output of research on Nigella sativa during 1989–2018. Materials and Methods: The present study examined 3718 global publications on N. sativa, as indexed and covered in international Scopus database during 1989–2018, with a view to understand their growth rate, global publication share, citation impact, international collaborative papers' share, distribution of publications by broad subjects, productivity and citation profile of top organizations and authors, preferred media of communication, and bibliographic characteristics of highly cited papers. The global publications on N. sativa registered 20.87% annual average growth rate, and its citation impact averaged to 19.08 citations per paper. Results: The global share of top ten countries on N. sativa ranged from 3.15% to 23.91%, with the largest share (23.91%) from India, followed by Iran (9.58%), Egypt (9.06%), the USA (7.15%), etc., Nearly 81.31% and 75.74% of the global publication and citation share came from the top 10 countries during 1989–2018. The cumulative global share of the top 10 countries increased from 70.56% to 82.58% from 1989–2003 to 2004–2018. Five countries registered relative citation index above the world average of 0.93 as follows: Germany (1.86), the USA (1.54), Turkey (1.33), Saudi Arabia (1.16), and Egypt (0.94) during 1989–2018. Pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmaceutics contributed the largest global publication share of 33.97%, followed by agricultural and biological sciences (32.92%); medicine (30.10%); biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology (24.74%); chemistry (12.40%); immunology and microbiology (6.97%); environmental science (5.38%); and veterinary science (3.60%) during 1989–2018. A total of 432 organizations and 642 authors participated in the global research on N. sativa during 1989–2018, of which the top 15 most productive research organizations and the authors collectively contributed 23.45% and 6.64% of the global publication share and 21.82% and 8.04% of the global citation share, respectively, during 1989–2018. Among 3655 journal papers (in 364 journals) in global N. sativa research, the top 15 most productive journals together contributed 13.54% of global share of the total journal publication output during 1989–2018. Conclusion: One hundred and twenty-six publications were found to be highly cited, as they registered citations from 100 to 2971 during 1989–2018 and they together received 23,426 citations, averaging to 185.92 citations per paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of various types of radioactive drugs has increased the effectiveness of nuclear medicine. Technetium-99m (99mTc) radiopharmaceuticals are in widespread use owing to the availability and affordability of 99Mo/99mTc generators and the variety of kits for formulating the desired products. Together, they provide an array of specific tools for diagnosing a large number of diseases affecting the Heart, Kidney and major organs of the body such as the bones, brain, liver, parathyroid, and thyroid. Nuclear medicine requires high quality radiopharmaceuticals and kits that are safe for administration and efficacious for a given application. Since radiopharmaceuticals are intended for human use, it is imperative that they undergo quality control measure. This paper presents various parameters affecting labeling efficiency of radiopharmaceuticals and describes the procedures of preparing from four selected kits. Details of the ingredients are also included. The procedures described here can be used to develop manuals and standard operating procedures in Egypt. This study is expected to serve as a guide to radiopharmaceutical manufacturing centers of such kits. Four kits namely: MIBI, DTPA, MDP, and DMSA are used. Paper Chromatography was involved to disparate the polar and non-polar part of the kit-solution. Quality control testing assures purity, integrity, potency, product identity, biological safety and efficacy of radiopharmaceuticals. The success of diagnostic radiopharmaceutical has been reflected in the quality of images of diseased site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses schemes to make paper out of linen from Egyptian mummies. The author focuses on the history of the idea of mummy paper from a non-American perspective, particularly examining British records and reported ancient uses of mummies by Bedouins. Iraqi Egyptologist Abd al-Latif, British geologist Isaiah Deck, and negotiations between British engineer Thomas Galloway and Egyptian ruler Mehemet Ali are examined. Scholars of the subject mentioned include English professor Joseph Dane and writer Nicholson Baker. The author comments on articles from the London "Times" newspaper, examining both serious proposals and satire on mummy paper.

Copyright of IWNW is the property of Ain Shams University, Faculty of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Historical photographs play a significant role as records, documenting the various stages of the history of Egypt and reflecting our identity and social, cultural, and religious values. Silver gelatin prints were the dominant positive printing processes in the 20th century. One of the most common forms of damage found among photographic collections is tears, which may result from improper handling and misuse, inappropriate storage, disasters, and other factors. In the past, tears were mended using pressure-sensitive tapes by amateurs and conservators. Over time, these tapes caused damage to the photographic surfaces since they oxidised, forming stains that are difficult and sometimes impossible to remove. Recently, many gel-based systems have been developed for use in the conservation of different cultural and historical materials, particularly paper artifacts. The aim of this research is to evaluate the efficacy of Klucel G and agar, as gel systems that are favoured by conservation specialists, in removing pressure-sensitive tapes from the surfaces of silver gelatin prints, as well as to study their effect on the photographs themselves. Organic solvents were added to the gel systems, and invaluable old photographs were used for this study. After treatment, samples were subjected to artificial ageing at a temperature of 80°C and 65% RH. Evaluation of the selected treatments was carried out through visual inspection, microscopic examination, colorimetric measurements, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results showed that both gel-based systems with mixed organic solvents gave great results compared to the conventional methods in terms of tape removal. However, colour change was detected in the case of agar gel-treated samples. Agarose gel may be a more proper option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent times, elevated urban linkages (EULs) have emerged as crucial components of urban development, cutting through the cities' urban fabric to accommodate the rapid expansion of urban cores and to facilitate traffic flow. However, these massive infrastructures have inadvertently given rise to urban lost spaces—vacant, inefficient areas within the urban fabric. Recognizing these lost spaces as untapped public assets, the paper explores sustainable development strategies to reclaim them into the urban fabric, transforming them into vibrant, multi-functional public spaces. The paper aims to achieve a set of urban design guidelines for rehabilitation design interventions which will be deduced into a comprehensive framework. This framework encompasses criteria for selecting appropriate approaches and types of rehabilitation design interventions, as well as design principles ensuring the desirability of the reclaimed space. The paper applies this framework to assess the El Sawy Cultural Wheel in Egypt, revealing it as a successful example of a reclaimed space. While positive aspects of rehabilitation design interventions are evident in terms of the approach and type of intervention in this case study, there are identified areas with shortcomings in fully implementing the design principles, if enhanced, could elevate the overall quality of the reclaimed space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to assess the quality of imported frozen liver sold in Assiut markets, Egypt. A total of 100 samples were randomly collected over a 2 months period (January to March, 2020) from poultry slaughter shops, supermarkets and frozen meat markets. The liver samples were evaluated for chemical indicators of spoilage (pH, TVBN "Total Volatile base nitrogen", and TBA "Thiobarbituric acid") and some of the nutritional aspects (percentage of moisture, protein, fat, ash, and carbohydrates, as well as, gross energy (Kcal/100g) and cholesterol content (mg/100g), beside levels of iron (mg/100g). The obtained mean values of pH, TVBN (mg/100 g) and TBA (mg/kg) of the examined samples were 6.38 ± 0.01, 25.76 ± 0.44, and 0.65 ± 0.03, respectively. Of the examined samples, 92 % showed pH value exceeded the permissible limits of Egyptian standards; however, 88 % showed TVBN content within the set limit. The mean values of moisture, protein, fat, ash and carbohydrates (%) were 70.54 ± 0.11, 21.64 ± 0.08, 3.58± 0.12, 1.50 ± 0.018, and 2.74 ± 0.11, respectively. The calculated gross energy mean value was of 133.09 ± 1.06 Kcal/100 g. Additionally, the cholesterol and iron content mean values were 130.85 ± 2.17 mg/100 g and 16.07 ± 0.24 mg/100 g, respectively in the examined imported frozen liver samples. In conclusion, imported frozen liver sold in markets of Assiut city Egypt is of fair quality; it should be consumed sporadically and with care of TBARS, cholesterol and iron potential hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Plant Production is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article, the author takes us into the world of images and books by Olaf Wegewitz, the great explorer of nature in paper. It mentions papyrus binding alone elevates the otherwise unnoticed or disregarded plants by referring to Ancient Egypt and thus placing them in a genealogy; and also mentions tissue paper and Japanese paper are glued together with cell glue which is solid, light and flexible and has a surface in relief.

Albumen prints are the most important photographic prints of the late 19th century. It is basically composed of two layers: the first layer is the paper support (i.e. cellulose), and the second layer is the image layer (i.e. image silver particles embedded in an albumen binder layer). There are several factors threatening the permanence of albumen prints (e.g., fluctuating temperatures and relative humidity, frequent handling, air pollution, light, and improper storage and display). Unlike other paper objects, photographs have special conservation requirements due to their complex and unique nature. A private collection was selected for this study. The collection consists of three albumen prints from Francis Amen's photo collection, which originally belonged to the Elhagar family. Francis Amin is a well-known photo collector in Egypt. The prints date back to 1890. The photographs were characterised and studied by visual inspection, digital microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Microbiological studies were carried out in the microbiology laboratory at the Faculty of Archaeology at Cairo University. Results revealed that the albumen layer suffers from cracks and chemical degradation, and the secondary supports suffer from both oxidation and hydrolysis. Based on the obtained results, the following conservation procedures were selected and carried out: disinfection, dry cleaning, tear mending and compensating for losses, remounting, retouching, and rehousing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to investigate the extent of contamination of some of the most used paper denominations of the Egyptian currency (25 PT). Sixty-nine bills in circulation were collected from November 2003 through January 2004. A swab from each bill was cultured on nutrient agar and incubated at 37°C for 48?h. Results showed that over 65% of these bills had a bacterial count above 5.0?cm 2 . A preliminary identification of organisms present on these paper notes was done using selected Petri dishes with well-defined colonies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Case reports are fundamental to clinical medicine that trace back to ancient Egypt preceding Hippocrates in the history of medicine. Case reports contribute to academic development and new clinical research. However, among cases presented at an annual academic conference for Japanese generalists, only a few cases were later published in peer-reviewed journals, highlighting potential barriers regarding the writing of case reports, such as mentorship absence. This paper aimed to offer guidance and strategies to novice and young general physicians in overcoming barriers and effectively composing case reports for international peer-reviewed journals. Methods: This paper focuses on case reports for general physicians with extensive experience in writing case reports for international peer-reviewed journals. We conducted a narrative review to help beginners and young general physicians in writing case reports and discussed strategies for overcoming these barriers. Results: We propose the following three tips as important processes for writing case reports: recognize the types of suitable cases for case reports; select a journal for submission using a list of candidate journals for general physicians; and organize the discussion section with one theme per paragraph. In addition, we provide a list of journals that specifically focus on case reports, along with important pointers for beginners and young general physicians that will assist authors in the field of general medicine in choosing appropriate journals for submission. Conclusion: We hope that understanding and applying these tips will aid beginners and young general physicians in writing case reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contributes to the debates on the effectiveness and legitimacy of global labour standards. Theoretically, the paper integrates literature on labour standards in global production networks with cognitive framing and sensemaking literature to capture decent work understandings of suppliers and to theoretically underpin their relevance for the debates on the legitimacy and effectiveness of global labour standards. Empirically, the study explores cognitive decent work frames of garment suppliers and discusses them in reference to global decent work frames. A thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with thirty owners and managers in Egypt and Jordan served to identify suppliers' decent work frames. Owners and managers dominantly framed decent work as a (paternalistic) family responsibility and as a business responsibility. Further notions that recurred across interviews were the framing of decent work as a human responsibility, religious (Islamic) responsibility, philanthropic responsibility, and regulatory responsibility. The findings show that supplier frames partly go beyond, partly undermine, and partly accord with global conceptualisations of decent work. They imply the need to strengthen and better communicate the human rights orientation of global labour standards and to give local social partners the autonomy to supplement and specify standards according to their context-specific needs. Global regulations otherwise risk crowding out informal, locally specific decent work practices that benefit workers in GPNs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines Egypt's labor market transition dynamics post-Arab Spring based on the two most recent rounds of the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey conducted in 2012 and 2018. In addition to providing disaggregated level analysis by examining labor market transitions by gender, education, and age groups, our paper provides a cross-country perspective by comparing Egypt's labor market transitions with Jordan's. Regression analyses focusing on transitions to and from the dominant absorbing labor market states in Egypt – public sector employment for both genders, non-participation for women, and the informal sector for men – show that having a post-secondary education is associated with a lower probability of remaining out of the labor force (OLF) for women who were already OLF at baseline, while being married at baseline is found to be a significant predictor for women to stay out of the labor force if they were already so. As for men, the better educated are found to be more likely to secure formal employment, be it in the public or in the private sector, and also more likely to keep their public formal jobs once they secure them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobility inequality in the Greater Cairo Region (GCR) affects disadvantaged groups of women, children and adolescents, elderly people, and persons with disabilities. These groups require inclusive mobility arrangements or protection on the streets. The research aims to explore the existing mobility inequality in GCR, through reviewing the trips of an introductory sample of disadvantaged groups and their transport choice. The paper reviews the concepts of mobility inequality, disadvantaged groups, and the United Nations standards of adequate urban mobility, which are utilized as a guide for the empirical study. The primary data collection applied two qualitative research methods, which are semi-structured interviews, and on-site trips/investigations of the urban mobility in GCR. Additionally, general figures on the target groups in GCR and Egypt are deployed as the secondary data. Subsequently, the research demonstrates a sample of the existing experiences of mobility inequality, local context realities, and consequential life compromises in GCR. The paper then aligns the priorities of the interviewed sample with their transport choices, which is the focus of the study. The investigated sample demonstrated high interest in car ownership, only to avoid challenges they encounter via walking and public transport, including issues like harassment and the inadequate, unsafe urban mobility experience. Finally, the paper suggests two sets of recommendations, the first set addresses the mobility inequality and proposed solutions as per the investigated sample. The second set incepts further research on mobility inequality, towards integrating the needs of the disadvantaged groups in GCR within the planning and delivering of urban mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Through addressing female academics in four public universities in Egypt, the author of this paper aims to answer the question: How do female academics cope with the career shock resulting from the spread of COVID-19? Design/methodology/approach: The author used a qualitative research method through semi-structured interviews with 32 female academics from four public universities selected from among 26 public institutions of higher education in Egypt. Thematic analysis was subsequently used to determine the main ideas in the transcripts. Findings: The findings assert that the following three strategies: heroism, cronyism and temporalism are used by female academics in the Egyptian context to cope with the career shocks they feel during the time of COVID-19. The findings assert that female academics try to reassert their professionalism in their academic duties and familial obligations even after the spread of COVID-19. Moreover, they tend to use forms of cronyism behaviour to alleviate the effect of the career shock, mostly via hypocritical phrases. Furthermore, the thought that COVID-19 is a temporary stage helps female academics to actively accept their challenging new work conditions. Originality/value: This paper contributes by filling a gap in human resources management and higher education in which empirical studies on the career shock of female academics have been limited so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to examine the mismatch between multidimensional deprivation and monetary poverty in identifying the poor in Egypt and investigates their determinants empirically. Design/methodology/approach: The paper uses the Alkire-Foster multidimensional poverty measurement method using data from Egypt's 2017/2018 Household Income, Expenditure and Consumption Survey (HIECS 2017/2018). Using a logistic regression model, the paper assesses the empirical relationship between multidimensional and monetary poverty and their determinants at the aggregate level and by dimension. Findings: The paper demonstrates a significant mismatch between multidimensional and monetary poverty measures, underscoring their complementary nature. Statistics indicate that both measures overlap in classifying 35.81% of Egyptians, whereas monetary poverty ignores 63.12% of multidimensionally poor in at least one dimension. Regression estimates show a significant moderate negative association between expenditure per capita and multidimensional poverty and its dimensions. Moreover, they show that household head's gender, age, education attainment, marital status, job proficiency, household size and location affect poverty mismatch and match in Egypt. Practical implications: This paper offers Egyptian policymakers the multidimensional poverty index that enables more efficient designing and targeting of poverty alleviation programs and assessing current poverty alleviation programs to modify them if needed. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to examine the mismatch between both poverty measures in Egypt, using the recent full data set of HIECS 2017/2018. This paper confirms that depending only on monetary measures can send inaccurate insights for crafting effective social policies. Also, it offers policymakers a comprehensive insight into the country's poverty landscape, which enable more efficient design, targeting of poverty alleviation programs and monitoring their effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: It is claimed that port supply chain integration (PSCI), thanks to its attributes, holds a potential to trigger a port to strategically sustain performance- and competitiveness-measures through strengthening and/or reinforcing an array of port sustainability aspects. This paper aims to empirically investigate the existent influence of PSCI on economic and environmental pillars of port sustainability. Design/methodology/approach: Based on a resource-based view, this paper hypothesises that PSCI has a certain impact on port "economic" sustainability (PECS) and port "environmental" sustainability (PENS). Measures of PSCI, PECS and PENS are refined and validated using data collected from the maritime logistics industry in Egypt, and structural equation modelling is employed to test the hypothetical relationships. Findings: The results indicate that a port having adopted an integrative strategy into supply chains could enhance its cost and operational efficiency, financial and investment situation, while offering high-quality services to its customers. Similarly, PSCI is emphatically correlated with water and air pollution management, energy efficiency and green port management practices. Research limitations/implications: Having identified the acute potential of PSCI for sustainable development in maritime logistics and supply chains, this line of research allows port operators and/or authorities to better understand strategic options with which they are able to improve their sustainability practices. This paper is, however, limited only to two dimensions of sustainability by not exploring the "social" aspect of port sustainability due to data-related issues. Originality/value: This line of research could be regarded as an extended application from other industrial sectors to the port industry in a way to empirically examine the inclusive relationship of PSCI with economic and environmental parameters. The findings from this research make a due contribution to the field of port sustainability in general and Egyptian ports in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Article critically explores the notion of legal empowerment and adds to the existing efforts to conceptualize and measure legal empowerment. Our thesis is that legal empowerment should be sought not in the process of providing legal solutions but in the subjective self-belief that a person possesses. This belief concerns an individual's perception of his ability to mobilize the necessary resources, competencies, and energies to solve particular problems of a legal nature. This model rejects the existence of an overall quantity of legal empowerment. People's beliefs in their abilities to solve legal problems differ by type of problem, distribution of power in important relationships, social support infrastructure, language, and many other factors. We propose a measurement framework in which the model of task-specific subjective legal empowerment is estimated through a probabilistic assessment of perceived capabilities to sort out problems from everyday life, which normally could be resolved with legal means. Validity of the tool is assessed through application to convenience samples of beneficiaries of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) providing legal aid to vulnerable people in Azerbaijan, Mali, Rwanda, Egypt, and Bangladesh. The results suggest that subjective legal empowerment is an observable and measurable psychological state. The major policy implication from this proposed model of subjective legal empowerment is that it could be used as a measurable benchmark for assessing the impact of diverse legal interventions on the subjective legal empowerment of individuals and social groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many factors have been cited to explain how and why Egypt developed so quickly in ancient times. The Nile water, the annual inundation with its life-nourishing sediment, the warm climate, and a system of natural barriers to invasion all helped. Other hydraulic civilizations had some or all of these resources, but a unique resource stood out in Egypt. As it happened, that nation was the only one among early hydraulic civilizations in which the giant aquatic sedge papyrus (figs. 1–2) grew and prospered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Egypt access of the entire population to health care services and medications is still a challenging step, with high out of pocket expenditure that reaches 60%. A lot of medications and diagnostic services are still not publicly covered like biological, targeted therapies and many biomarkers tests, and although the government initiated a co-payment program, there is a still a gap in providing eligible patients with full course of therapy. [Extracted from the article]

Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms pose significant threats to public health globally. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has further complicated the treatment of these infections, necessitating the exploration of alternative therapeutic strategies. Among these strategies, the use of hydrogels as delivery systems for delivering antimicrobial agents has gained considerable attention. This paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the utilization of Pluronic F-127 (PF-127) hydrogel for delivering antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study is to explore the current research landscape, identify key trends, influential authors, and prominent journals in this field. The analysis is based on a systematic search conducted using the Scopus database. The analysis covered publication trends, geographic distribution, influential authors, and key journals in the field of PF-127 hydrogel-based antimicrobial agent delivery. The results revealed the growing interest in this field, with a focus on countries such as India, the United States, and Egypt. The analysis also identified top authors, institutions, and journals contributing to the research. The findings reveal the growth of research in this area, highlighting the potential of PF-127 hydrogel as a promising vehicle for antimicrobial agent delivery. It highlights the need for further research to optimize formulation parameters, explore combination therapies, conduct in vivo studies, and promote collaboration to maximize the therapeutic potential of PF-127 hydrogel-based delivery systems in combating infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance. This paper provides valuable insights into the existing literature and serves as a reference for future research and development in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The paper aims at studying the effect of management practices on the extensive and intensive export margins of Egyptian manufacturing firms. Design/methodology/approach: The study relies on the 2020/2021 Egyptian Industrial Firm Behavior Survey (EIFBS) which comprises 2,383 manufacturing firms representing small, medium, and large sized firms located in different regions of Egypt: Urban Governorates, Lower Egypt, and Upper Egypt. It constructs an overall management z score for each firm to estimate its effect on a firm's probability of exporting and value of exports using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regressions. Findings: Results indicate that good management is associated with a higher probability of firm exporting as well as higher export revenues conditional on exporting, robust to controlling for the level of domestic sales. These effects do not differ by firm ownership or type of sector, but rather by firm size, with managerial competence raising the probability of exporting more for large-sized firms. Additionally, good management is associated with higher firm productivity, innovation and worker training propensities which gives evidence that it is both an efficiency and a quality enhancer. Moreover, monitoring and targeting practices have significant positive effects on both margins, while incentives are only significant for the extensive margin. Practical implications: Firms that aim at enhancing their export prospects and revenues should devote resources to review and upgrade their management systems to boost their product quality and production efficiency. Policy-wise, the government should create a competitive market environment that is open to both domestic and foreign firms' entry to stimulate the adoption of better management practices. Originality/value: The paper is the first to explore the link between firm management practices and export outcomes for a MENA country (Egypt). It makes use of a recent survey, the 2020/2021 Egyptian Industrial Firm Behavior Survey (EIFBS). The findings shed light on the importance of different management components (monitoring, targeting and incentives) in driving a manufacturing firm's export performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study assesses the perception of academics and practitioners of ramifications that may have impacted audit evidence quality during COVID-19 in Egypt. Design/methodology/approach: A questionnaire was collected and designed regarding the factors affecting the quality of audit evidence during the COVID-19 pandemic using a five-point Likert scale, and detailed descriptive statistics and regression analyses were conducted. Findings: The study finds that there is no significant association between social distancing (SD), changing in the economic environment (CEE), time constraint (TC) and stress on audit personnel (SAP) as repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic with the quality of audit evidence (QAE). The disruption in operational results (DOR), changes in the internal control (CIC) and the stress on client personnel (SCP) significantly affect the quality of audit evidence. Moreover, there is a significant difference between Big and non-Big Four audit firms in terms of changes in economic conditions, internal controls, disruption of operational results and time-constraint variables. The latter has significantly affected the audit evidence quality for both academics and professionals. Practical implications: Due to the implementation of SD and work-from-home policies, audit firms are highly recommended to invest more in digital programs and to be more adaptable to work-from-home, which policy and enhances the effectiveness and flexibility of communication between auditors and their clients. Originality/value: This paper is one of the foremost papers that provides empirical evidence for the antecedents or variables that may affect audit quality evidence due to the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of AIN Journal is the property of Arab Institute of Navigation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The interconnection between the consequences of digital technologies and their impact on triple bottom line sustainability in the banking industry has emerged as a dynamic, multidisciplinary, and eclectic research area of global significance. Nevertheless, applying a systematic literature network analysis in this field has not yet been attempted. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate academic research by integrating different knowledge systems. To conduct this comprehensive analysis, this study employed the contextualized systematic literature review and bibliometric approaches method to make inferences from 154 publications obtained from the Scopus and Web of Science databases for the years 2012–2024 by using the biblioshiny tool. The study's findings exhibited a noticeable upsurge in research trends in the last five years. With 64 publications, 2023 was the most productive year, and 2018 had the most influence with 188 citations. China, Italy, Spain, Egypt, and Malaysia were the most productive countries regarding citation performance. This study highlights the counterintuitive connection between digitalization, financial inclusion, sustainability, fintech, and sustainable development by providing support with recent literature to reflect the current developments in the field. The themes encountered here are crucial for regulators and practitioners who aim to capitalize on the mutually reinforcing nature of the two phenomena in the banking industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. B, Zoology is the property of Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Environmental applications play a significant role in the ongoing research area of Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR) image classification. In this paper, a new model is proposed for classifying PolSAR images and applied to a part of the Greater Cairo area in the Nile basin, South of Delta, Egypt. First, the proposed model performs data pre-processing by extracting the coherency and covariance elements noted as [T] and [C] matrices, respectively. Second, temporal convolutional networks (TCN) deep learning is used to extract the features from coherency and covariance elements and then train the model. Third, the SoftMax classifier is used to classify the PolSAR image. Finally, the proposed model is tested with evaluation metrics. The obtained results show that the proposed model can achieve high classification performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research paper is to investigate the association between internal Corporate Governance (CG) mechanisms and stock price volatility in Egypt as an emerging market. The paper investigates the impact of ownership structure and board structure as internal CG mechanisms on stock price volatility. Data are analyzed using a two-way fixed effects model, a one-step dynamic panel data model, and a panel weighted least squares model. The study concluded that ownership concentration has a negative influence on volatility. Interestingly, an inverted U-shaped relationship between the percentage of ownership by the greatest shareholder and volatility is evidenced. Managerial ownership also showed a negative influence on volatility. As for board structure mechanisms, the findings show that both board size and frequency of board meetings negatively influence volatility, whereas board independence has a positive impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study represents both a case study about microbial degradation by microorganisms that can cause damage to old manuscripts as well as health threats to the librarians. Most of the microbiological damage started in poor environmental conditions of storage and display. The study aims to characterize the microbes that cause microbial deterioration of the historical books. Microbial swabs were taken from the manuscript under study, and the isolated organisms were identified using the sequencing of rRNA of the ITS region of the rDNA gene at Solgent company, South Korea. The results showed three bacterial species: Micrococcus luteus (MH450098), Microbacterium schleiferi (NR044936T) and Bacillus subtilis (NR1126 29T), as well as: two fungal species Aspergillus ustus (NR134245T) and Aspergillus chevalieri (NR135340T). The genus Aspergillus ustus was the dominant genus isolates. It was followed by Aspergillus chevalieri. The biological activities of the isolated microorganisms were studied and showed the highest activities cellulolytic and proteolytic activities observed by Aspergillus chevalieri. Modern devices were used to study the infected and the uninfected parts of the same manuscript by taking some of the falling pieces from the manuscript, such as (light microscopes, SEM with EDXS, and FTIR). Surface observation obtained by light microscopy showed microbial infiltration on infected paper, significant changes detected by SEM in some elements decreased the percentage, and the other element percentage increased. Moreover the other elements disappeared. The chemical changes inside the paper structure resulted from the degradation of large organic compounds (chemical functional groups) by the action of extra-cellular enzymes secreted by deteriorating fungal species, converting these compounds into smaller ones using the FTIR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the individual might feel isolated, and his psychological capital (PsyCap) is negatively influenced. Most research on peer support has focused on its contribution to employee well-being when the peers are in the same workplace. Scant research targets the times of lockdowns and social distancing. This paper investigates how peer support influences employee PsyCap during the COVID-19 pandemic. By conducting a questionnaire with N = 42 employees and three online focus groups with N = 15 employees out of N = 350 employees working at an international organization operating in Egypt as a bilateral development partner funded by the German government, the paper concludes that peer support has a positive influence on employee PsyCap, especially self-efficacy, hope, and optimism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia possess diverse natural resources and a substantial labor force that permit forming a successful trade integration. However, the recent dispute over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) project between Ethiopia and downstream countries, Egypt and Sudan, has weakened the bilateral relations and disrupted trade flows among the three countries. This paper investigates the pattern of trilateral trade between Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia during the period between 1995 and 2018. The study also examines the prospects and challenges for establishing a trilateral trade integration between the three countries. The study adopted the gravity model approach, along with the export diversification and trade complementarity indices, in order to scrutinize the pattern and structure of trade between the countries under study. The analysis indicated that Egypt is the most diversified economy with many crucial comparative advantages, which may grant it a leader position in the integration. Moreover, the paper revealed many challenges that may hinder the implementation of trilateral trade integration including, export concentration, poor infrastructure and disputes over water resources. Finally, the paper recommends that facilitating bilateral trade among the riparian countries of Eastern Nile Basin would mitigate the complex clashes over water rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a digital model of decentralized Load Frequency Control (LFC) using an optimal PID controller-based Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in Egyptian Power System (EPS) considering communication delays. The EPS includes both conventional generation units (i.e., non-reheat, reheat, and hydraulic power plants) with inherent non-linearities and wind power, which extracted from Zafarana wind farm, location in Egypt. Thus, the optimal digital controller-based Tustin's technique is designed for every subsystem of the EPS separately to guarantee the stability of the overall closed-loop system. The performance of the proposed digital model is tested and compared with the analog model under variation in loading patterns, loading conditions, system parameters, wind farm penetration, and communication delays. Results approved that, the proposed digital model can effectively regulate the system frequency and guarantee robust performance under different conditions. Also, it gives a reliable performance at large sampling times, which means a reduction of implementation cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]