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Deteriorated pollen grains have been recorded from Flandrian sediments in three sites near Callander in Perthshire, and diagrams are presented of deteriorated pollen as opposed to the overall pollen totals discussed in the previous paper. The problems of interpreting records of deteriorated pollen are discussed, a format for pollen diagrams conveying detailed information on deteriorated grains is introduced, and the palaeoenvironmental implications of the records are considered. It is shown that major changes in deteriorated pollen totals are common to all three diagrams, with low percentages in the early Flandrian, and pronounced increases in deteriorated totals coincident with the Corylus decline at each site. It is suggested that similar studies at other sites in northern Britain may prove these trends to be consistent features of Flandrian pollen diagrams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes palaeoecological studies at Abernethy Forest by means of pollen and macrofossil analysis and radiocarbon dating. It also illustrates the value of stratigraphic macrofossil analysis in conjunction with pollen analysis in increasing the range and detail of palaeoecological reconstructions of past vegetation and environment. A new, large diameter core from Abernethy Forest was radiocarbon dated, and the presence of Late Devensian sediments was confirmed. Clear vegetational changes were recorded. A pioneer grass-sedge vegetation colonized the bare moraine. It developed into a shrub tundra, dominated by Empetrum and Betula nana as a result of the climatic warming during Allerød time. The Younger Dryas climatic deterioration led to the formation of species-rich open vegetation, in which Artemisia was very abundant. At the opening of the Flandrian, at about 9700 B.P., Juniperus and. Betula nana scrub developed, which was later colonized by tree Betula and then Corylus. From about 7225 B.P. Pinus dominated the forest. Throughout, the specific determinations and local derivation of macrofossils enhanced the reconstruction of the upland vegetation. In addition, macrofossils provided the majority of the evidence for the progression of the hydrosere through lake to bog communities. The complementary nature of pollen and macrofossil analyses from the same core is emphasized by a direct comparison of seed and pollen influxes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes how absolute values of pollen deposition may be calculated from the results of volumetric sampling, supplemented by routine meteorological data. Daily mean values of concentration of birch pollen in the air at Lerwick, Shetland in 1970 and 1971 are presented, and these are used to calculate daily and annual depositions. The results are consistent with what is known about the occurrence of tree pollen in fossil and recent deposits in Shetland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]