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India ranks third globally in overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with power and transportation first and third, respectively, in terms of India's sectoral GHG contributions. Motivated by India's Nationally Determined Contribution goals and stated intent to drive renewables growth and vehicle electrification, this paper explores the connections between India's power and road transportation sectors by investigating the benefits of flexible electric vehicle (EV) charging on a set of hypothetical 2037 Indian power grid infrastructures. Using two production cost models, one simulating optimal unit commitment and hourly dispatch of available generation, the other simulating subhourly real-time dispatch operations, we examine the impact of flexible and inflexible EV charging regimes and vehicle-to-grid integration on generation profiles, peak load shaving, energy storage utilization, and overall emissions. Our techno-economic analysis shows that a number of future grid infrastructure scenarios, despite not specifically accounting for EV growth scenarios, may meet annual and hourly peak demand when combined with flexible EV charging; in contrast, inflexible EV charging, particularly during the early morning, will lead to substantial need for additional generation capacity. Coupled sectoral decarbonization remains tied to the grid generation mix, highlighting the need for continued policy focus on decarbonization of the rapidly growing power sector. • Flexible charging, grid decarbonization policies critical for EV adoption benefits. • Scenario analysis highlights pathways to efficiency gains + emissions reductions. • We quantify net CO 2 emissions from power + road transport with increasing EV load. • V2G reduces unserved reserves, prevents price spikes during extreme power outages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is rapidly growing in the economy and population leading to a continuous increase in electricity demand. The wind is a better energy source because of its negligible greenhouse gas emissions, cost competitiveness, price stability, and energy security. This paper presents Geospatial Information System (GIS) based methodology to characterise the offshore wind power potential in the western and the eastern coast of India with technical, economical, and marine ecosystem consideration. Spatial distribution of levelized production cost (LPC) and cost-supply curves was developed under different ocean conditions (human impact on marine ecosystem). The influence of project lifetime, discount rate, and assumptions about investment cost, annual energy production, and availability is presented using sensitivity analysis. Results show that total potential available along the shallow waters (50 m water depth) of Indian coast is approximately equal to 12.8% and 42% respectively of the existing renewable power and wind power capacity. In terms of wind resources and economic costs, the shallow waters of Gujarat and Tamil Nadu states are the best suitable regions for offshore wind power development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper presents for the first time correlations for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from small hydropower schemes in India. In this paper an attempt has been made to develop life cycle GHG emissions correlations for three different types of small hydropower schemes (run-of river, canal based and dam-toe) in India. It has been found out that GHG emissions depend on the head and capacity of the small hydropower project. The results obtained from correlations show good agreement with the estimated results using EIO-LCA (Economic Input–Output-Life Cycle Assessment) technique. These correlations may be useful for the development of new small hydropower (SHP) schemes, as they can be used to predict life cycle GHG emissions based on capacity, head and type of SHP schemes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

As part of a two-part life cycle efficiency and greenhouse gas emission analysis for various automotive fuels in the Indian context, this paper presents the first part, i.e., Tank-to-Wheel analysis of various fuel/powertrain configurations for a subcompact passenger car. The Tank-to-Wheel analysis was applied to 28 fuel/powertrain configurations using fuels such as gasoline, diesel, compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas and hydrogen with various conventional and hybrid electric powertrains. The gasoline-equivalent fuel economy and carbon dioxide emission results for individual fuel/powertrain configuration are evaluated and compared. It is found that the split hybrid configuration is best among hybrids as it leads to fuel economy improvement and carbon dioxide emissions reduction by 20–40% over the Indian drive cycle. Further, the engine efficiency, engine on-off time and regenerative braking energy assessment is done to evaluate the causes for higher energy efficiency of hybrid electric vehicles. The hybridization increases average engine efficiency by 10–60% which includes 19–23% of energy recovered at wheel through regenerative braking over the drive cycle. Overall, the Tank-to-Wheel energy use and efficiency results are evaluated for all fuel/powertrain configurations which show Battery Electric Vehicle, fuel cell vehicles and diesel hybrids are near and long term energy efficient vehicle configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Due to the growing energy needs along with increasing concerns towards control of greenhouse gas emissions, most developing countries are under pressure to find alternative methods for energy conversion and policies to make these technologies economically viable. Most of the energy is produced from fossil fuel in India which is not a sustainable source of energy. In this paper Indian power sector has been examined by using MARKAL model for introduction of clean coal and advanced nuclear technologies with implementation of energy conservation potential. The result shows that application of clean technologies gives energy security but not significant reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. When clean technologies apply with energy conservation a huge amount of CO2 can be reduced and also economically viable. Three scenarios including base case scenario have been developed to estimate the resource allocations and CO2 mitigation. The clean technologies with maximum savings potential shows 70% CO2 reduction in the year 2045. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]