Search

Artificial intelligence (AI) is already integrated into news production strategies in some media outlets. Recently, generative AIs such as ChatGPT and others have demonstrated their ability to enhance productivity in content production tasks, raising the question of how journalism faculties can address this new technology. This paper presents an academic study on the application of AI in higher communication studies. The study involved 4 in-depth interviews and 28 semi-structured interviews with university lecturers and researchers. The findings confirm varying degrees of convergence and divergence on different aspects of the technology, including the integration of AI in communication faculties, student training in AI usage, the introduction of AI and journalism as a subject area, and the potential uses of AI in news production and consumption. Additionally, this paper proposes a comprehensive training program on AI and journalism, focusing on its foundations, technical competencies and ethical considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AI integration in media newsrooms is changing professional routines, required profiles and journalistic products. The acceleration in the development of this technology since the end of 2022 makes it necessary to review these tools in order to analyse their uses and risks, as well as their possible applications in the journalistic field. OpenAI launched Chat-GPT in November 2022 open to the public. This tool has been a key element in this technological revolution. This paper analyses ChatGPT applications in journalistic newsrooms through its introduction during a working day in the routine of different professionals. A mixed methodology was used to carry out this experience: a benchmarking of AI tools applied to journalism was created, a walkthrough experience was carried out with ChatGPT and, based on the results obtained in these first two phases, the experiment with journalists was designed. A total of 12 journalists of different ages and sectors with little or no previous contact with technological tools based on artificial intelligence, as the aim of the study is to observe the application in newsrooms without the need for technical training, participated in this research. The results show the usefulness of the tool to automate mechanical processes, rewrite texts, analyse data and even serve as a content idea creator. On the other hand, journalists have also perceived significant risks such as inaccuracy of AI as well as lack of 'empathy'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Any confrontation seeks the (partial) imposition of one party's will on an adversary. In recent years, digital technologies and data science have combined to create new ways of controlling the narrative and carrying out powerful information or disinformation campaigns that are part of a new type of warfare with digital characteristics. In particular, based on a literature review and the direct work of authors in different expert groups, this paper studies the use of either static or moving images (real, altered, or wholly artificially generated) as one of the most efficient means of altering perceptions and thereby narratives in the so-called cognitive domain. To this aim, this article collects in an orderly and exhaustive way the most recent military and intelligence doctrine related to such "influence operations," from a dual technological-sociological perspective. Based on this, the paper determines the differences between traditional disinformation techniques and those incorporating digital and artificial intelligence technologies in the form of images and video. The paper proposes a new double-entry taxonomy that can display the degree of image faking and the objective of disinformation. This helps to identify and prioritize the most relevant cases and thus adopt the most appropriate countermeasures. These are also examined in detail, leading to the conclusion that only a combination of transparency, consumer education, technology, and regulation can counteract the increasing use of images and video with false content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Any confrontation seeks the (partial) imposition of one party’s will on an adversary. In recent years, digital technologies and data science have combined to create new ways of controlling the narrative and carrying out powerful information or disinformation campaigns that are part of a new type of warfare with digital characteristics. In particular, based on a literature review and the direct work of authors in different expert groups, this paper studies the use of either static or moving images (real, altered, or wholly artificially generated) as one of the most efficient means of altering perceptions and thereby narratives in the so-called cognitive domain. To this aim, this article collects in an orderly and exhaustive way the most recent military and intelligence doctrine related to such “influence operations,” from a dual technological– sociological perspective. Based on this, the paper determines the differences between traditional disinformation techniques and those incorporating digital and artificial intelligence technologies in the form of images and video. The paper proposes a new double-entry taxonomy that can display the degree of image faking and the objective of disinformation. This helps to identify and prioritize the most relevant cases and thus adopt the most appropriate countermeasures. These are also examined in detail, leading to the conclusion that only a combination of transparency, consumer education, technology, and regulation can counteract the increasing use of images and video with false content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]