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As global climate governance has become a global concern, equilibrium and competition among countries have entered a new stage. Developed countries have tried to hedge emissions reduction investment through policy design. The United States and European countries are simultaneously working on the formulation of carbon tariff policies, with the intention of competing for the leading role in global climate governance. The Biden administration in the United States has frequently acted on climate policies, trying to avoid the restriction of a nationally unified carbon pricing and introducing a more subjective collection standard at the level of environmental bill formulation. The implementation of carbon tariff policies may cause changes in international political and economic patterns and stimulate confrontations between countries of the Global North and those of the Global South. In the meantime, these policies may deteriorate the terms of trade of developing countries and reduce the scale of international trade. Furthermore, they may affect the current pattern of global climate governance and intensify the game between countries of the Global North and those of the Global South. Finally, they may undermine the foundation of international cooperation and the external environment in China's climate field, reduce the scale of China's foreign trade and corporate competitiveness, and have a negative impact on China's industrial development and lowcarbon transformation. Active response is an important starting point for protecting China's domestic interests. This paper suggests that attention should be paid to: ① the consolidation of the South-South cooperation and competition for the voice of international climate rules based on the principle of 'common but differentiated responsibilities' (CDR); ② the strengthening of trade response, the formulation of carbon tariff response plans in advance, the intensification of policy tracking, research, and judgment, and the exploration of policy tools of carbon tariff countermeasures; ③ the optimization of the industrial layout, the deepening of the supply-side reform, the abandonment of the development mode of high energy consumption and high pollution, and the acceleration of green transformation and lowcarbon development; ④ the improvement of the carbon market system and mechanism by establishing a complete carbon emission accounting standard system, the optimization of the domestic carbon tax legal system as well as the collection and management mechanisms, and the improvement of China's carbon trading market system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]