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The broadening of liberal economic policies will trigger the democratization of China. This argument repeated in studies finds their expectations thwarted daily by news of the intensification of the power of the Communist Party of China over the society. The paper analyzes the determination of the national identity based on national humiliation as a strategy to disseminate the legitimacy of the Chinese political elite from a perception of nationalism as essential for maintaining the stability of the regime. It studies the formation of national identity, the constitution of groups within the political elite of China, and the elaboration of the Comprehensive National Power concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]