Search

The purpose of present work was to obtain bactericidal materials using heulandite-clinoptilolite from the Rkoni plot of the Tedzami deposit, Eastern Georgia, to study their properties and use them as a filler for the production of bactericidal paper. Silver-, copper-, and zinc-containing microporous materials have been prepared using ion-exchange reactions between preliminary acid-treated zeolite microcrystals and a salt of a corresponding bioactive metal in the solid phase followed by washing with distilled water. Synthesized in such way adsorbent-ion-exchangers are characterized by X-ray energy dispersion spectra, powder X-ray diffraction patterns, and Fourier transform infra-red spectra. Obtained materials remain the zeolite crystal structure and contain over 130 mg/g of silver, 70 mg/g of copper, and 55 mg/g of zinc. Prepared materials show bacteriostatic activity towards gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli, gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, fungal pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, and a fungus Aspergilus niger. It was found that the mixtures of various forms exhibit a synergistic effect, and the silver form with additives of copper and zinc forms is most active against staphylococcus, and against other microorganisms, mixtures of copper and zinc forms are most effective.

This research is an analysis of quality control process on paper production on the soft roll production process of Bel Papyrus Ltd located in Ogba, Lagos State, Nigeria. The research was done with the aim of determining the conformity of the industry’s product to quality standard, identifying and eliminating the possible causes of variation in their production process, with reference to Percentage Elongation. The researchers used primary data in form of periodic laboratory test result done on soft rolls.Data presentations were made using simple statistical tools like Mean, Ranges, Standard Deviations, and Tables reflecting the primary data obtained at equal interval of production. The researchers made use of variable control charts for the purpose of analysis. The

The problem of utilizing and processing cellulose and mineral fibrous waste contained in sludge obtained following mechanical treatment of wastewater from the production of paper and cardboard from recyclable materials is analyzed. A technology for producing a cellulose-mineral sorbent from this type of waste to mitigate emergency spills of oil and oil products is described. It is shown that an affordable, fast-acting and convenient sorbent can be produced from these wastes, having sufficient sorption capacity and the ability to retain oil products. The contaminated material can be safely and economically reclaimed or destroyed following use. Mechanisms for activating sorption properties, along with the composition, properties, and options for practical application of the sorbent, are considered.

Currently, most of the collected waste medium-density fiberboards (MDF) is incinerated or landfilled, as economically viable recycling methods are yet to be developed. By steam refining waste medium-density fiberboards (MDF), it is possible to hydrolyze the incorporated resins and isolate a high yield fiber fraction. Further refining of the steam treated fibers might enable the fibers to be utilized in applications such as paper packaging, facilitating a cascading use of the waste material stream. To this end, intimate knowledge of the material is needed. In this study, the steam refined fibers of two waste MDF samples containing differing amounts of softwood and hardwood underwent refining and beating. The resulting fibers were characterized regarding their morphology and paper test sheets were produced to evaluate their strength (compression-, tensile- and tear-strength). Distinct differences in response to refining between the MDF samples were apparent. For the sample with the higher hardwood share an increase in strength properties with increasing steam treatment severities could be observed and it was possible to produce test sheets with comparable compression strength to recycled pulp for industrial corrugated paperboard. For the sample with a higher share of softwood, the steam treatment severity did not show any influence on fiber morphology or paper properties, and the resulting paper strength was low in comparison to the other steam refined waste MDF sample. Graphic Abstract

The growth of pulp and paper industries has encouraged the expansion of the industrial plantation forests for pulp wood. The exotic species planted for pulp wood initially maintained a relatively high productivity, however it decreases in the following rotation cycles. The peat land wood species of Sumatera could be an alternative for exotic species. However, the insufficient information on the wood properties has brought about they are less considered. This paper examined the fiber quality of Sumatran local peat-wood and its possibility as a raw material of pulp and paper. For specific gravity, samples were selected based on three different diameter groups in each plot. Fiber properties (dimension and fiber derivative values) used to asses the suitability of the wood for pulp and paper raw material were determined in accordance with the method of the Forest Product Laboratory (FPL). The resulted data and information were compared to those of krasikarpa (Acacia crassicarpa Benth.). The results showed that the fiber quality of sekubung wood was classified into grade II, while gerunggang and mahang putih were classified into grade III. The specific gravity of gerunggang wood was higher than these of other woods and comparable to that of krasikarpa. Although the growth of Sumatran local peat-wood is still low, however, conformity with government regulations (Government Regulation Number 57-2016 and Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation Number 17-2017) and fiber quality, the local peat-wood could potentially substitute the exotic wood species.

The kapok (Ceibapentandra (L.) Gaertn) seed fibre is unicellular with length up to 35 mm, however, it is covered by a hydrophobic waxy layer that limits its application in paper production. In this study, the effect of various pulping methods namely mechanical, chemi-mechanical, semichemical and chemical pulping on kapok fibre properties was investigated. Each kapok pulp was then blended with the secondary fibre recovered from kraftliner board for handsheet making to examine their reinforcing ability on strength properties. The results showed that kapok mechanical pulps (with and without dewaxing (5% (v/v) diluted detergent) and chemimechanical pulp were unable to improve the strength properties of the handsheet. Kapok pulps chemically treated with 18–25% of sodium hydroxide gave a better effect on handsheet strength properties whilst fibre treated with 20% sodium hydroxide showing the highest increment. Although the reinforcing effect of the 4% native cooked starch was slightly higher than that of the 10% kapok pulp blended in recycled paper, the recycling potential of the latter was better as all strength properties retained unchanged after recycling. The findings indicated that kapok chemical pulp is a promising reinforcing fibre source with superior recycling potential.

The study was carried out on the physico-mechanical properties of plaster of Paris (Gypsum plaster) reinforced with paper pulp in order to improve the weight of plaster paste and to obtain materials of lighter weight that solve problems such as poor flexural strength, and crack propagation. To do this experiment, the considerable basis of a standard of 2 kg of plaster of Paris was taken as the test sample. Gradually plaster of Paris was substituted with paper pulp paste in a water basin in proportions K0, K1, K2, K3, K4, K5 and K6 representing the different percentages of 0%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% of mixture respectively. After the above observations, the following parameters on fresh and hardened samples were tested: the start time of reaction, and end time of hardening, consistency, the flexural and compressive strength, shrinkage, and apparent density. At the end of these tests, it was determined that, the incorporation of small amounts of paper pulp (2 kg samples) into the plaster paste improves its flexural properties. But from k0 to k6, properties related to bending and compression began to gradually fall which is a consequence of the augmentation of the amount of paper paste in the plaster paste. The presence of paper pulp in the plaster of Paris paste increases the time of hardening of the plaster cement from one proportion to another, reduces the workability of the mixed paste, significantly solves the problem of removal, the apparent density drops when waste paper paste is increased in the mixed plaster. Because of its light weight, low density, its acceptable Mechanical properties, these new materials are recommended for exploitation in the manufacturing of popular lightweight construction finishing like panels for ceiling or walls, staff works and other applications.

The pulp and paper industry is a major source of lignocellulose-containing streams. The components of lignocellulose material are lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose that may be hydrolyzed into their smaller components and used as feedstocks for valorization efforts. Much of this material is contained in underutilized streams and waste products, such as black liquor, pulp and paper sludge, and wastewater. Bacterial fermentation strategies have suitable potential to upgrade lignocellulosic biomass contained in these streams to value-added chemicals. Bacterial conversion allows for a sustainable and economically feasible approach to valorizing these streams, which can bolster and expand applications of the pulp and paper industry. This review discusses the composition of pulp and paper streams, bacterial isolates from process streams that can be used for lignocellulose biotransformations, and technological approaches for improving valorization efforts. KEY POINTS: • Reviews the conversion of pulp and paper industry waste by bacterial isolates. • Metabolic pathways for the breakdown of lignocellulose components. • Methods for isolating bacteria, determining value-added products, and increasing product yields.

Research by the paper industry into new materials to expand the raw material base for pulp is on the ascendancy due to growing demand for pulp and paper products. This study assessed the anatomical...

The objective of the research carried out in this paper highlights the critical sustainability parameter of reusability of waste materials in the construction sector of India. This paper followed firstly the intense literature survey to identify the waste materials for the replacement in the concrete mix, hereafter Paper Pulp (P.P) and Crusher Dust (C.D) indicates the similar nature like cement and sand respectively. Secondly, an assumed proportion of replacement of P.P by 2.5%, 5%,7.5%,10%, and 12.5% by cement, and 10%, 20%, and 30% replacement of C.D by sand is adopted in M20 mix design by volume method. Thirdly, the casting of 48 sample cubes size of 150 mm × 150 mm × 150 mm is performed for Average Compressive Strength test, and casting of 48 cylindrical cubes of 150 mm in diameter and 300 mm long for Split Tensile Strength. Fourthly, the results are carried out for 7th day testing along with 28th day testing for both tests along with slump variation of different samples. It is observed after the experimental analysis that the elite results compared to normal M20 mix are exhibited when the replacement variation of P.P is 5% along with 10% variation of C.D for both Average Compressive Strength and Split Tensile test. In addition to it, the highest slump is obtained for replacement variation of 12.5% P.P and 10%C.D.

Cellulose triacetate (CTA) forward osmosis (FO) membrane from Hydration Technology Innovation (HTI), USA was tested in a locally fabricated FO system to concentrate synthetic and pulp and paper mill wastewater. The industry is among the 17 most polluted industries with intensive water consumption and wastewater generation (MoEFCC, Government of India). The CTA membrane was studied with deionized water as feed solution and 1 M NaCl as draw solution, which resulted into water flux of 5.8 L/m2h and reverse salt flux of 0.2 g/L. A concentration stepping method was used to determine the critical draw concentration with lignin solution as the model feed. There was no deviation in flux between the baseline (deionized water feed) and the lignin solution up to 1.5 M NaCl, but a marginal deviation (8% and 21% respectively at 2 M and 3 M) was seen thereafter. The average water flux after 24 h FO study with synthetic wastewater as feed solution (draw solution 2 M NaCl) was 8 L/m2h, and 80% water recovery. Similar study with pulp and paper wastewater as feed solution (draw solution of 1.5 M NaCl) was 5.4 L/m2h was with 62% water recovery. Lignin and COD rejection in pulp and paper mill wastewater was 90% and 64% respectively. The preliminary results indicate that FO is promising for water and lignin recovery from waste streams.

Paper and pulp mills generate substantial quantities of cellulose-rich sludge materials that are disposed in landfills at a large scale. For sustainability purposes, sludge materials can be bioprocessed to produce renewable fuels and useful chemicals. The enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is the process bottleneck that affects the conversion economics directly by using zero-cost raw materials. In order to study and optimize the process, the characteristics of the sludge raw materials should be first evaluated. In this work, sludge samples were obtained from paper mills located at different locations in Wisconsin and Minnesota. Part of the sludge samples was washed (de-ashed) with hydrochloric acid while the other part remained unwashed. The samples were subjected to multiple spectroscopic analyses techniques to evaluate the morphological properties of cellulose fibers and to estimate the total structural carbohydrate content. The results showed that the de-ashing process changed some fiber characteristics and cellulose crystallinity structure in all sludge samples. Sludge sample A (obtained from Kraft pulp and recycled paper mill region) showed a high percentage of fiber, with crystalline cellulose, compared to the other two sludge samples suggesting that sludge A is a valuable source to make value-added products. Aspen Plus mass and energy calculations performed in view of the ‘zero’ cost and the reliable supply of sludge raw materials producing 2 mol H2/mol glucose. Moreover, the results showed that extracting crystalline cellulose from these sludge samples is more profitable than crystalline cellulose made from the other lignocellulosic feedstocks. The results reported here showed that the utilization of these sludge materials would be an economically attractive and promising alternative for the production of hydrogen.

Virgin pulp is made by splitting up cellulose fibers from the woods by mechanical and chemical process without adding any recycled pulp content. The demand for trees, which are the basic raw material for making virgin pulp, increasing constantly in enormously growing paper manufacturing industry. The paper, which is made from virgin pulp is called as virgin paper and this is considered as better quality paper than the recycled paper. Now there is a need to increase the quality of recycled paper to equalize the quality of virgin paper, to reduce the demand for trees to make virgin pulp. In recycling, dispersive system is responsible for the de-inking process, which is one of the pulp purifying process which removes the printing ink from fibers. Chemicals are added in this deinking process which causes a serious problem by increasing the chemical concentration level of industrial outlet water. In conventional deinking technology, dispersive system is controlled by DCS which is quite complicated to control complex loop of operations. To overcome these problems, the dispersive system operations are controlled by PLC along with sensors which make the process easier and replacing the chemicals with enzymes will reduce the chemical concentration level of industrial outlet water and increases the quality of paper.

Energy isan important in put for economic and industrial development and anindispensable production input for the continuation of the production process.In a very large part of economic and social life, electrical energy is widelyused because of its easy usage and other advantages. The aim of this study isto investigate the effect of the production of paper and paper products and thegross national product, which is an indicator of economic growth, on theconsumption of electricity by panel data analysis. For this purpose, a paneldata set was established for 20 OECD countries between 2006 and 2016 fromEurostat and Wordbank. Cross-sectional dependence, heteroskedasticity andautocorrelation assumptions were tested for the model and deviations from theassumptions were observed. Parameters were estimated using the Driscoll-Kraayestimators, which are resistant to these deviations. As a result of theanalysis, it was found that an increase of 1% in the production of paper andpaper products increased the electrical energy consumption by 0.22%, the increaseof 1% in the per capita gross domestic product increased approximately 0.62% inelectricity consumption., Enerji,ekonomik ve endüstriyel kalkınma için önemli ve üretim sürecinin devamı içinvazgeçilmez bir üretim girdisidir. Kolay kullanım ve diğer avantajlarısebebiyle ekonomik ve sosyal yaşamın oldukça geniş bir bölümünde yaygın olarakelektrik enerjisinden yararlanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kağıt ve kağıtürünleri üretimi ve ekonomik büyümenin bir göstergesi olan gayri safi millihasılanın elektrik enerjisi tüketimi üzerindeki etkisini panel veri analizi ileincelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Eurostat ve Wordbank’tan elde edilen2006-2016 yılları arasında 20 OECD ülkesi için panel veri seti oluşturulmuştur.Model için yatay kesit bağımlılığı, değişen varyans ve otokorelasyonvarsayımları sınanmış ve varsayımlardan sapma olduğu görülmüştür. Bu sapmalaradirençli Driscoll-Kraay tahmin edici kullanılarak parametreler tahminedilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda, kağıt ve kağıt ürünleri üretiminde meydana gelecek%1’lik bir artış elektrik enerjisi tüketimini %0.22 oranında, kişi başıgayri safi milli hasıladaki %1’lik bir artışın ise elektrik tüketimindeyaklaşık olarak %0.62 dolayında arttırdığı bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.

Rewritable paper is meaningful to the recyclable and sustainable utilization of environmental resources and thus has been extensively investigated for several decades. In this work, we demonstrated an efficient and convenient strategy to fabricate rewritable paper based on reversible hydrochromism of donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs). The kinetics and efficiency of isomerization could be well-controlled by adjusting the surrounding temperature and humidity. Monocolored rewritable paper was prepared by coating cyclic DASA·xH2O on the paper surface. Writing, printing, stamping and patterning were realized on the rewritable paper. The information could be controllably erased by treatment in a humid atmosphere. More importantly, the rewritable paper was upgraded to multicolored by combination of two DASA materials. The color of chirography was switched by controlling the writing speed.

Dual-purpose coated paper, which enables in-line inkjet printing with web offset, can be used for both offset and inkjet prints. This product has potential to meet the ever-increasing demand for printing individualized information on commercial printing materials. In this work, commercial samples were printed in the two presses. It was deduced that low permeability correlates with large color gamut volume. The correlation would be useful to design coating formulations for good printability. Also, we examined the packing of coating layers to identify a coating formulation that provides good printing quality in both offset and inkjet printing. Many combinations of pigments were tested, and the effects of particle shape on viscosity and packing were examined. For all coating colors, pigment mixtures with a weight ratio of 3:1 gave the highest packing density. The mixture of GCC 90 and delaminated clay with a weight ratio of 3:1 was the best selection studied for dual-purpose coated paper. Among commercial paper samples, a web offset coated paper showed the best overall performance, indicating that coating formulations with minimal blistering are suitable for dual-purpose coated paper.

To provide an international standard for the safe management and operation of ships and for pollution prevention, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) introduced the International Safety Management (ISM) Code (adopted in 1993 and entered in force on 1st July 1998). The Code, through its guidelines and recommendations, provides seafarers (ship’s crew) the course of action for the safety and quality assurance process on ships. Traditionally a paper-based system, the ISM Code is now being digitalized in every aspect to streamline the processes to improve ship operations. This paper presents findings of a review of existing literature available on the world wide web to highlight areas of the Code that have been impacted by technology and the benefits that are being reaped. However, recent cyber attacks on ships and the maritime industry require a discussion on various implications associated with ships becoming increasingly reliant on technology and the advancing digital world. This paper highlights and explains the related implications and suggests strategies to address them.

In this elucidation, we synthesized novel molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPOH1-4) that were used as organic fillers on bagasse pulp to form cellulosic paper sheets, the formation of MIPOH1-4 from the reaction of enaminone 3 with methyl methacrylate monomer in the presence of ethylene glycol dimethyl acrylate and 2,2’-azobisisobutyronitrile. The obtained MIPOH1-4 was confirmed via FT-IR and SEM with different pore sizes. And we noticed that the increase of template 3 increases the hydrogen bond between monomer and template and gave sponge surface of MIPOH4. Furthermore, the computational energies of the template with different monomers utilize DFT/B3LYP/6-31G (d) level to know the stability of polymers and hydrogen bonding between them. So that we applied that in paper manufacture through the adsorption of MIPOH4 as an organic filler on bagasse pulp to form novel cellulosic paper sheets with different concentrations and these sheets which characteristic through FT-IR, SEM, sizing test, tensile strength, and elucidation their antimicrobial activity with theoretical and docking studies. The MIPOH4 and cellulosic paper sheets showed the thermal stability and high tendency of sizability of these paper sheets and concluded the interaction between cellulose fibers of pulp with MIPOH polymer with physical hydrogen bonding.

This paper presents the research results that established the main technological conditions in the production of greaseproof paper, used as the packaging of dry food as the proportion of pulp types, the degree of the beating of pulp, the use of chemicals and oil and greaseproof resistant agent to the properties of the paper on a laboratory scale. At the same time, experimental production and technology conditions were regulated on a 3 ton/day capacity line. The paper quality produced is equivalent to the imported paper products of the same type which is consumed in the market: basis weight: 42.5 g/m2; tensile breaking length: MD (Machine Direction): 7,520 m, CD (Cross Direction): 3,740 m; tear index: MD: 6.8 mN.m2/g, CD: 5.4 mN.m2/g; burst index: 5.6 kPa.m2/g; Cobb60: 17.2 g/m2; KIT rating: 8; ensuring food safety and hygiene.

This paper is aimed to develop a hybrid model (PCA-ANN) to predict the extractive content in eucalyptus wood clones. The input variables to the virtual analyzer are planting parameters available from the forest inventory, therefore the prediction does not rely on laboratory analysis of the wood samples, affording a quick estimate of the extractive contents. This study further bridges the literature gap on the investigation of the cause of variability of extractive content in eucalyptus wood. The PCA-ANN was identified from experimental data to predict and monitor the extractive content, since laboratory measurements can take several days and become available only after wood processing. The experimental data contained information on ten species of eucalyptus clones from five regions in the extreme south of Bahia, Brazil. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) firstly assessed the impact of planting variables on the extractives content. The variability of the data was represented by eight principal components and the variables that mostly contribute to the extractive content are: potential acidity, iron, saturation of aluminum, magnesium, pH, base saturation, remaining phosphorus, zinc, manganese and copper. The artificial neural network (ANN) with the 8 principal components in the input layer showed that the PCA could effectively reduce the dimensionality of the data. For practical purposes, though, the ANN with 10 input variables and 16 neurons in the hidden layer, presenting an average relative deviation of 1.5%, is recommended. The prediction of the extractive content is essential to allow preventive management practices toward the improvement of yield and quality of the cellulosic pulp.

In the past decade, the use of multiple-criteria decision analysis technology has dramatically increased in solving complex real-world problems in solid waste management. Likewise, many municipalities have paid attention to finding feasible solutions for disposal and recycling of solid waste due to the increase in waste generation rates worldwide. Therefore, policy-makers must determine which recycling program to be implemented among various recycling program options. In this paper, a new approach to select a recycling program for recovered paper and pulp recyclables was proposed using analytic hierarchy process–Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (AHP-TOPSIS) techniques. A set of essential parameters of the decision-making system were identified, and a numerical case to illustrate the procedure was conducted. Our findings show very encouraging results to use a combined model between AHP and TOPSIS to select a suitable recycling program for different recovered recyclable materials.

It remains a challenge to prepare special engineering paper with excellent mechanical properties, high temperature resistance and chemical resistance. The emergence of high-performance fiber provides support for the technical progress of special engineering paper. Herein, a novel method to obtain a novel self-reinforced poly (ether ether ketone) (PEEK) composite paper (SR-DI-PEEK/paper) by vacuum filtration, impregnation and hot pressing. Specially, PEEK fibers were used as the skeleton fiber and a small amount of aramid pulp was added as the decanted fiber. By optimizing the process of SR-DI-PEEK/paper preparation, the best mechanical properties of SR-DI-PEEK/paper was presented. Compared with the composite paper prepared with Phenolic solution (PF-PEEK/paper) and Polyimide solution (PI-PEEK/paper), the mechanical properties of SR-DI-PEEK/paper was significantly improved. In particular, when the concentration of impregnation was 3 wt%, the tensile index of SR-DI-PEEK/paper reached 51.10 N m g−1 (tensile strength 47.16 kN m−1), which is 16.48 times than that of the un-impregnated PEEK/paper (2.86 kN m−1). SR-DI-PEEK/paper also exhibited excellent chemical resistance among acid, alkali, and polar solvents, while the tensile index maintained 96.3% after 40 wt% H2SO4 treatment. Besides, SR-DI-PEEK/paper showed superior thermal performance, while the temperatures corresponding to the weight loss of 5% were 574 °C.

The aim of this review is to introduce the information concerning advanced technology of ink-jet printing regarding characteristics and ink-jet paper. It is believed that ink-jet paper having suitable liquid absorption characteristics and drying techniques are required to improve image quality on high-speed inkjet printing. Although the development of high quality ink-jet paper is important, the demand or the dual-purpose coated paper that can be used with offset and ink-jet printing is expected to increase for the time being. Meanwhile, it is important to get cost down and raise the productivity of the inkjet paper to secure competitiveness comparable to that of offset coated paper. For those objectives we think that the development of new technologies is required for pigment development, composition design of the coating ingredients, and rheological characteristics analysis of coating colors.

Анализ результатов многочисленных исследований показывает, что регулирование свойств волокнистых полуфабрикатов, а также стабильность качества бумаги и картона возможны при условии учёта специфики процессов структурообразования в дисперсных системах, дисперсионной средой в которых является вода или её растворы на каждом этапе в многоступенчатых системах переработки целлюлозосодержащих материалов. В результате исключения изтеоретических основ технологии и практики целлюлозно-бумажного производства понятия об индивидуальности природных волокон целлюлозы, предназначенной для производства бумаги, все исследования физико-химических свойств целлюлозы производились на образцах целлюлозы, предназначенной для дальнейшей химической переработки. При этом представления о гидрофильности волокон гидратцеллюлозы были перенесены и на волокна природной целлюлозы. В связи с этим отрицалась мозаичность поверхности растительных волокон и, следовательно, исключалась возможность реализации гидрофобных взаимодействий в системе «целлюлоза-вода». Характер и степень изменения параметров взаимодействия волокон с образованием фазовых связок в структуре волокон и между волокнами в листе бумаги рассматривает физико-химическая механика дисперсных систем, а выявленные закономерности учитываются в методах золь-гель технологии модифицирования поверхности волокон целлюлозы. Обобщение научно-технической информации на основе единого подхода к проблеме структурообразования в системе «целлюлоза-вода», базирующегося на представлениях физико-химической механики дисперсных систем и физико-химии полимеров, показало, что данные вопросы требуют тщательного и углубленного изучения с целью регулирования и достижения требуемых свойств целлюлозосодержащих материалов. Analysis of the results of numerous studies shows that the regulation of the properties and stability of the quality of paper and cardboard is possible subject to the specifics of the processes of structure formation in dispersed systems, the dispersion medium in which is water or its solutions, at each stage in multi-stage systems for processing cellulose-containing materials. As a result of excluding the concept of the individuality of natural cellulose fibers intended for paper production from the theoretical foundations of pulp and paper production technology and practice, all studies of the physical and chemical properties of cellulose were performed on samples of cellulose intended for further chemical processing. At the same time, ideas about the hydrophilicity of hydrate cellulose fibers were transferred to natural cellulose fibers. In this regard, the mosaic surface of plant fibers was denied and, consequently, the possibility of hydrophobic interactions in the «cellulose-water» system was excluded. The nature and degree of changes in the parameters of the interaction of fibers with the formation of phase bonds in the structure of fibers andbetween fibers in a sheet of paper is considered only by physical and chemical mechanics, and the revealed regularities are taken into account in the methods of Sol-gel technology for modifying the surface of cellulose fibers. Generalization of scientific and technical information based on a unified approach to the problem of structure formation in the "cellulose-water" system, based on the concepts of physical and chemical mechanics of dispersed systems and physical chemistry of polymers, showed that these issues require careful and in-depth study in order to regulate and achieve the required properties of cellulose-containing materials.

Objective. This study aims 1) to acquire new information on alternative conference formats, including in the field of Library and Information Science (LIS), which have arisen as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions on physical communication; 2) to clarify the role of such a communication channel as Conference proceedings within the scientific ecosystem, as well as the concepts "proceedings paper" and "conference paper".Methods. Examining the new conference formats and special features of the Conference proceedings involved the content from the web-sites of international conferences in the field of LIS and related sciences, the analysis of subject-specific papers and data from the bibliographic and abstract databases such as Scopus and the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS).Results. It has been proven that over the year 2020 the online and hybrid events have become an alternative format of physical conferences. It has been confirmed that the Conference proceedings from the influential international conferences refer to the types of publications categorized as "high-quality papers". The peculiarity of LIS university researchers is that, in addition to studying problems focused only on the library activities, there is a need to conduct research into various subjects that are major for their institutions. Conference proceedings can be published as a book (a series of books), in a journal, or as a serial publication. Papers from them may be indexed by WoS (as "proceedings paper") and/or by Scopus (as "conference paper"); however, the impact factors of the publications themselves are not available in these databases.Conclusions. In the year 2020, the new pandemic reality, representing a circumstance of irresistible force, stimulated the flourishing of creative and technological solutions for online conferences. For international conferences, it is mandatory to publish the materials presented by their participants. Proceedings paper (conference paper) in journals are similar to standard journal articles in their structure but they have a less rigorous review process, they are published faster at a lower scientific impact (citation level).

The article to study the texture of paper, in the composition of which the cellulose pulp from the inner layer of mulberry branches bark is added, studies the paper’s absorbency and sorption properties. The absorbency of the paper was determined by the volume of water absorbed by the paper surface while wetting one side of the test sample. It was found that the addition of cellulose pulp from the inner layer of mulberry branch bark to the cotton paper pulp contributes to the strengthening of the structure which is confirmed by the values of mechanical strength and surface absorbency during one-side wetting with water. To study the physical structure of a paper sheet water vapor sorption was investigated in a high-vacuum sorption plant with mercury valves and quartz balances. On the basis of S-shaped sorption isotherms it is determined that the paper sample where the composition contains only cellulose pulp from the inner layer of the mulberry branches bark has the highest sorption properties which indicates the presence of disordered amorphous areas where the accessibility for water molecules is higher. It has been established that in order to obtain paper the structure of which ensured selective absorption of low-molecular fluid it is enough to add 10–20% of cellulose pulp from the inner layer of mulberry branches bark to the paper pulp; and further addition will result in misalignment of the paint contour during printing due to significant deformation of paper size.

The applicability of bleached bamboo kraft pulp (Ba-BKP) was explored as a raw material for the manufacture of nanofibrillated cellulose (EN-NFC) made of enzyme-pretreated pulps and the effects of the EN-NFC on enhancing paper strength. The Ba-BKP was pretreated using an endo-glucanase enzyme at 50 °C and pH 6, after which the EN-NFC was made by micro-grinding. Bleached hardwood kraft pulp (Hw-BKP) was used as a control, and the non-enzymatic refining pretreatment of BKPs was compared with the enzyme pretreatment. The EN-NFC was incorporated into handsheets, and the sheet strengths were measured. The physical properties of the NFC made from the Ba-BKP were similar to those made from the Hw-BKP. The NFC prepared following enzyme pretreatment were smaller and more uniform than those pretreated with refining. The EN-NFC made from the Ba-BKP was effective at enhancing tensile index by 52.7%, and burst index by 210.2% when 2% of EN-NFC was added in the furnish, and those of handsheets containing the EN-NFC made from Hw-BKP showed the similar improvement. Therefore, Ba-BKP can be used as a raw material for the manufacture of EN-NFC that confers similar physical properties and strength enhancement to paper as those made from Hw-BKP.

[EN] Recent trends in waste management have initiated interest in recycled materials for sound absorption applications. The present paper studies the possibility of paper sludge to be recycled as material for sound absorption applications. Paper sludge (PS) is the water treatment waste, produced during paper production. Two different methods were studied to produce paper sludge and slaked lime composite acoustic panels for sound absorption applications at low and mid-frequencies. The sound absorption coefficient of paper sludge composite panels is measured in an impedance tube using the two-microphone method. The samples produced with different methods showed different behaviours of sound absorption. The primary method to produce showed acoustic asymmetry in the vertical direction of the samples, and it was considerably fragile as well. An improved method to produce PS composite panels was proposed in this paper. Using this method, homogenous and robust acoustic panels were obtained., The authors would like to kindly thank the technician Javier Zaragoza Dolz and Dr. Olga Kizinievi for their fruitful suggestions on this study. This research was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Innovation and the European Union FEDER through Project PID2019-109175GB-C22

A new type of polydimethylsiloxane-based paper transparentizing agent was prepared via a combined method. The performance of the transparentizing agent was investigated systematically by adding and dipping, with use of the surface sizing device of a paper machine. Optimum performance was found at 30% concentration of the transparentizing agent and 30 to 45 °C of dipping temperature. Under the optimal conditions, the transparentizing t agent achieved a rapid penetration in the base paper and filled in the pores of the paper, to be further effectively adsorbed and retained on the fiber surface. The transparency of test paper reached as high as 76±0.97 %, which was 37±1.4% higher than that of the control. However, the addition of transparentizing agent reduced the mechanical strength of paper slightly. The as-prepared transparentizing agent was found to exhibit excellent application stability and biodegradability when applied in the paper machine，When used as plastic film, the transparent paper would lose its strength completely after eight weeks. The resulting transparent paper can be used to develop paper-based film and other related plant based transparent/ translucent paper, which has great potential in replacing plastic products and eliminating white pollution.

Influence of the thermochemical processing (the cook) conditions and of the milling on characteristic of the waste paper with polyurethan and polyaziridin was studied. The waste paper was reduced to the degree size of the particles 5...8 mm in mill of the dry grind and chemical processing under higher temperature (to 70 °C) by solution, contain sodium persulfate and hydroxide; duty of water 6. Duration of cook varied from 1 to 5 hours, expense of persulfate sodium varied from 2 to 12%, hydroxide sodium – from 0.5 to 3% from mass of the waste-papers. The secondary fiber was obtaining by breaking-up of the pulp in the hydropulper. The dependency of the length and factor of the form of the secondary fiber from conditions cook was absent. The slight width increasing of the fibers with the higher pH of cooking liquor was determined: from 26.5 мкм under pH 3–4 to 29 мкм under pH 8–9. The conjectural reason is swelling of the cell wall. The waste paper milling was executed in the «stream-barrier» machine. The strength properties of the paper correspond with the feature, inherent of the secondary pulp.

Today, the paper industry is faced with a global deficiency of raw wood materials, so alternative sources of virgin cellulose fibres are playing an important role in paper production. Agricultural countries produce large quantities of crop farming by-products such as straw, which is an interesting alternative raw material for cellulose fibres. Straw is used in many industries because of its numerous advantages: animal food industry, biofuel industry, construction industry and as artistic material. The potential use of straw production residues is of great importance in paper and printing industry. The focus of this research is on triticale straw, which was used as a non-wood fibre source for paper production. Namely, triticale straw was converted into semi-chemical pulp and was combined with recycled wood pulp in order to produce alternative laboratory papers. The usability of this kind of laboratory papers in printing industry was analysed based on line reproduction quality. This research evaluated and analysed line reproduction quality based on four line attributes: width, blurriness and raggedness. The results of this research proved that triticale pulp in laboratory papers has equal influence on line printing quality as the recycled wood pulp.

Less than 65% of wastepaper can be recycled, and the remaining wastepaper may end up polluting groundwater and generating greenhouse gas emissions if disposed improperly by using traditional approa...

The pulp and paper industry is a highly energy-intensive and water-consuming industry. This industry is known for the utilization of a wide range of raw materials, containing cellulose fibers (generally wood, recycled paper, and agricultural residues), for the production of various grades of paper. There are several processes involved in the conversion of raw materials to the paper product such as raw material preparation, pulping, pulp washing and screening, bleaching, stock preparation, papermaking and chemical recovery. All the processes are facing issues regarding process efficiency, product quality, energy & water consumption, and cost and environment. There is a need for further improvement and upgrading the technologies but the scale of operations, technological obsolesce and cost of implementing new technologies are some of the major issues. The main thrust areas of pulp and paper processing require major interventions in the adoption of green and clean technologies.

In this study, extractives from Pinus rigida heartwood (PRW), Eucalyptus camaldulensis var. obtusa aerial parts (ECL), and Eucalyptus flower buds (ECF) were used as additives in paper sheets produced from the pulp of linen fibers, and their effects on the mechanical and antifungal properties of the paper sheets were studied. The highest tensile and tear indices were 31.5 Nm/g, and 17.3 mNm2/g as pulp treated with PRW (4%), and ECL (1%), respectively. All the pulp additives yielded lower burst index values compared to the control (2.24 KPa.m2/g); the nearest value was 2.23 KPa.m2/g (ECL 4% pulp additive). The brightness percentages (ISO%) ranged from 65.7% to 70.2%, which were lower than the control treatment (70.3%). The paper sheets produced from pulp treated with 2% or 4% PRW, and with 4% ECL suppressed Aspergillus niger growth on the paper disc; pulp treated with 2% or 4% PRW, 4% ECL, and with 2% or 4% ECF completely suppressed A. terreus growth. However, all pulp extract additives did not inhibit the growth of Fusarium culmorum.

Our dependency towards wood has reduced the number of forests especially in Indonesia. Hence, many people tried to use another material as a replacement of wood. One of them is composite. Department of Industrial Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret has developed paper-based composite using newspaper waste in Praktikum Perancangan Teknik Industri (PPTI) II. Unfortunately, the quality of composite is not so good. This paper tried to understand the effect of factors to responses and discover the best combination of factors to obtain the best responses. The responses of this experiment are tensile strength, bending strength and impact value. The factors of this experiment are paper pulp, PVAc glue and water. Taguchi method is used to find the appropriate orthogonal array and Particle Swarm Optimization method to find the optimum combination of the factors. Orthogonal array used in this experiment is L9 (34). Through analysis, all of the factors are significant to tensile and bending strength, but they are not significant to impact value. The best combination of factors is 175 grams paper pulp, 130 grams PVAc glue and 175 ml water. Optimum results obtained for tensile strength is 0.7595 N/mm2, bending strength is 4.873 N/mm2 and impact value is 0.0138 J/mm2.

This study investigated the feasibility of utilizing paper sludge (PS) as feedstock in the production of composite boards that are lightweight, durable and environmentally friendly. PS samples were collected from recycled newsprint (RN), corrugated recycled (CR) and virgin pulp (VP) pulping mills in South Africa. The PS was dried and mixed with magnesium phosphate cement to produce boards in a central composite design. Three different fillers including fly ash, calcium carbonate and silica fume were also added to the mix as binder replacement. The PS was characterized before use, and the produced composite board was evaluated for mechanical and physical properties. The boards produced had medium to high density (0.52—1.12 g/cm3) that could be used for non-structural interior applications. The results showed that boards containing RN had the highest mean value for modulus of elasticity (MOE) of 769 MPa. The mean MOE for boards containing CR- and VP-PS was 357 and 411 MPa, respectively. Calcium carbonate had the best effect on the board properties. Techno-economic analysis was simulated for four different types of feedstock scenarios at different locations including a combined scenario. Sensitivity analysis revealed that decreased feedstock cost resulted in decreased minimum required selling price. The analysis also revealed that the combined scenario proved to be the most cost-effective and profitable option for the future.

PurposeThis study develops an integrated zero waste discharge planning approach for improving resource efficiency in a pulp-and-paper manufacturing firm.Design/methodology/approachThe objectives of this study are to (1) identify the environmental, technical and social metrics in resource efficiency; (2) utilize fuzzy multi-objective programming and the hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the fuzzy problem; and (3) develop an assessment for resource efficiency improvement in an industrial case study.FindingsThe findings demonstrate the superiority of hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm in generating optimal results for a pulp-and-paper manufacturing firm.Practical implicationsThe findings demonstrate the superiority of hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm in generating optimal results for a pulp-and-paper manufacturing firm.Originality/valueResource efficiency is a multi-objective problem in an uncertain environment. In particular, zero waste discharge planning involves minimizing the total cost and maximizing the waste material recovery rate, wastewater reuse, and waste heat recovery.