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Background: There is clear evidence demonstrating the benefits of physical activity (PA) on pain and overall health, however, PA is challenging for many individuals living with chronic pain. Even non-exercise specialists can (cost) effectively promote PA, but many health professionals report a number of barriers in providing guidance on PA, suggesting that it is not consistently promoted. This expert position paper summarizes the evidence and provides five recommendations for health professionals to assess, advise and support individuals living with any chronic pain condition with a long life expectancy in adopting and sustaining physically active lifestyles., Methods: This position paper was prepared by the 'On The Move' Task Force of the European Pain Federation EFIC. Final recommendations were endorsed by the European Pain Forum, Pain Alliance Europe and the Executive Board of EFIC., Results: We recommend that all health professionals (1) Take a history of the persons' PA levels, and put PA on the agenda, (2) Advise that PA is important and safe for individuals living with chronic pain, (3) Deliver a brief PA intervention and support individuals living with chronic pain in becoming physically active, (4) Discuss acceptable levels of PA-related soreness and pain and (5) Provide ongoing support in staying physically active., Significance: Physical activity is safe and offers several advantages, including general health benefits, low risk of side effects, low cost and not requiring access to healthcare. Adoption of these recommendations can improve the quality of care and life of individuals living with chronic pain and reduce their overall health risks., (© 2024 The Authors. European Journal of Pain published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Pain Federation ‐ EFIC ®.)

Paper-based flexible sensors are of great significance for promoting the development of green wearable electronic devices due to their good degradability and low cost. In this work, a paper-based wearable pressure sensor with a sandwich structure is proposed, which is assembled from a sensing layer printed with Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene ink, an interdigitated electrode printed in the same simple and economical way, and two polyethylene terephthalate films. The demonstrated paper-based pressure sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity in a wide pressure sensing range, as well as cyclic stability at a certain pressure. The sensor can be attached to the human body's surface to monitor various pressure-related physical activities. Using a self-designed mobile phone APP, the special pressure signals collected from the sensor can be transmitted and translated, and an intelligent and encrypted information transmission system can be established. Since only ordinary printing paper and Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene ink are used, the pressure sensor is easy to prepare, economical, and environmentally friendly, and it can be degraded by stirring in water without generating electronic waste. It can be foreseen that the proposed sensor shows bright application potential in the sustainable development of healthcare and human-computer interaction fields.

Background: The Inventory of Physical Activity Barriers (IPAB) assesses physical activity participation barriers. Development, refinement, and psychometric evaluation of the IPAB occurred via an electronic format. However, various circumstances may require using a pen-and-paper format. As instrument formats are not always interchangeable, the authors aimed to establish whether 2 different formats (electronic and pen and paper) can be used interchangeably for the IPAB., Methods: This randomized crossover study included 66 community-dwelling adults aged 50 years and older (mean age = 73 [SD = 7.6]). Half the sample completed the electronic format of the IPAB first and the pen-and-paper format second, and the other half completed them in reverse order. Tests of equivalence and a Bland-Altman plot were performed., Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient between formats was .94, and kappa was .68. The mean difference between the 2 administration forms of the IPAB was 0.002 (P = .96). Both administration formats had high internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = .92 and .93) and illustrated construct validity (P ≤ .001 for both administration formats)., Conclusion: Pen-and-paper and electronic formats of the IPAB are equivalent and, thus, can be used interchangeably among non-Hispanic whites who are highly educated. The format should be used consistently if completing preintervention and postintervention evaluations or comparing scores.

Regular aerobic exercise (RAEX) elicits several positive adaptations in all organs and tissues of the body, culminating in improved health and well-being. Indeed, in over half a century, many studies have shown the benefit of RAEX on cardiovascular outcome in terms of morbidity and mortality. RAEX elicits a wide range of functional and structural adaptations in the heart and its coronary circulation, all of which are to maintain optimal myocardial oxygen and nutritional supply during increased demand. Although there is no evidence suggesting that oxidative metabolism is limited by coronary blood flow (CBF) rate in the normal heart even during maximal exercise, increased CBF and capillary exchange capacities have been reported. Adaptations of coronary macro- and microvessels include outward remodelling of epicardial coronary arteries, increased coronary arteriolar size and density, and increased capillary surface area. In addition, there are adjustments in the neural and endothelial regulation of coronary macrovascular tone. Similarly, there are several adaptations at the level of microcirculation, including enhanced (such as nitric oxide mediated) smooth muscle-dependent pressure-induced myogenic constriction and upregulated endothelium-dependent/shear-stress-induced dilation, increasing the range of diameter change. Alterations in the signalling interaction between coronary vessels and cardiac metabolism have also been described. At the molecular and cellular level, ion channels are key players in the local coronary vascular adaptations to RAEX, with enhanced activation of influx of Ca2+ contributing to the increased myogenic tone (via voltage-gated Ca2+ channels) as well as the enhanced endothelium-dependent dilation (via TRPV4 channels). Finally, RAEX elicits a number of beneficial effects on several haemorheological variables that may further improve CBF and myocardial oxygen delivery and nutrient exchange in the microcirculation by stabilizing and extending the range and further optimizing the regulation of myocardial blood flow during exercise. These adaptations also act to prevent and/or delay the development of coronary and cardiac diseases., (Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author(s) 2021. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Over the past few decades of psychological research, there has been an important increase in both the application of multidisciplinary or collaborative science and in training and research that emphasizes social justice and cultural humility. In the current article, we report on the use of the "Paper Chase" as a team science training and research experience that also facilitates cultural humility in research and when working in teams. The Paper Chase is a synchronous writing exercise originally conceptualized by a cohort of health service psychology interns to reduce lag time between article writing and submission (Schaumberg et al., 2015). The Paper Chase involves a group of trainees coming together for a predetermined amount of time (e.g., 9 or more hours) with the aim of writing and submitting a full article for publication. In the current article, we extend a previous report on the Paper Chase by formally linking the training experience to the four phases of team science: development, conceptualization, implementation, and translation. We also discuss ways in which the Paper Chase as a training experience can promote cultural humility. Finally, we provide updated recommendations for successfully completing a Paper Chase project. Overall, the authors of this article who were predoctoral psychology interns across two recent cohorts at one academic medical center reported positive experiences from the Paper Chase. In addition, the present study suggests that the Paper Chase can be used as one activity that facilitates critical training in team science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the levels and investigate socioeconomic, demographic, and health-related predictors of winter and summer physical activity (PA) in Russia using the data from the Know Your Heart population survey conducted in Novosibirsk and Arkhangelsk (2015-2018; n = 5068; aged 35-69 years). Employing a series of probit, Tobit, and the Cragg models, we separated the predictors of the probability of participating in leisure-time PA from the predictors of time spent in PA. Our study showed that financial constraints limited males' participation in winter PA (probability of participation decreased by 12 percentage points) and females' engagement in winter and summer PA (decrease in the number of hours of practicing PA by approximately 1 h a week). Education, self-reported health, smoking, and cues to action had different impacts on both probability and time spent in PA in winter and summer. We also found significant gender differences in participation and time spent in PA across seasons. Older age, poor health, and smoking were greater obstacles to PA for males compared to females both in winter and summer. However, males were more likely to follow physician's advice to lose weight and take up physical exercise. Information campaigns that promote physical activities, including those that are free of charge, are needed to help limit barriers to PA for people with low socioeconomic status and individuals with little or no exercise experience. Also, making sports more accessible to citizens by providing free and low-cost sports facilities can increase their participation and time spent in PA, improving individual health and productivity., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Regular physical activity is associated with lower cancer incidence and mortality, as well as with a lower rate of tumour recurrence. The epidemiological evidence is supported by preclinical studies in animal models showing that regular exercise delays the progression of cancer, including highly aggressive malignancies. Although the mechanisms underlying the antitumorigenic effects of exercise remain to be defined, an improvement in cancer immunosurveillance is likely important, with different immune cell subtypes stimulated by exercise to infiltrate tumours. There is also evidence that immune cells from blood collected after an exercise bout could be used as adoptive cell therapy for cancer. In this Perspective, we address the importance of muscular activity for maintaining a healthy immune system and discuss the effects of a single bout of exercise (that is, 'acute' exercise) and those of 'regular' exercise (that is, repeated bouts) on anticancer immunity, including tumour infiltrates. We also address the postulated mechanisms and the clinical implications of this emerging area of research., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)

Growing evidence has demonstrated exercise as an effective way to promote cardiovascular health and protect against cardiovascular diseases However, the underlying mechanisms of the beneficial effects of exercise have yet to be elucidated. Animal exercise studies are widely used to investigate the key mechanisms of exercise-induced cardiovascular protection. However, standardized procedures and well-established evaluation indicators for animal exercise models are needed to guide researchers in carrying out effective, high-quality animal studies using exercise to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases. In our review, we present the commonly used animal exercise models in cardiovascular research and propose a set of standard procedures for exercise training, emphasizing the appropriate measurements and analysis in these chronic exercise models. We also provide recommendations for optimal design of animal exercise studies in cardiovascular research, including the choice of exercise models, control of exercise protocols, exercise at different stages of disease, and other considerations, such as age, sex, and genetic background. We hope that this position paper will promote basic research on exercise-induced cardiovascular protection and pave the way for successful translation of exercise studies from bench to bedside in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

• Standard procedures and appropriate assessment of exercise are proposed for the commonly used animal models related to chronic exercise (e.g., treadmill running, voluntary wheel running, swimming exercise, and resistance exercise) in cardiovascular research. • Optimal design of animal exercise studies in cardiovascular research should consider the choice of exercise models, control of exercise protocols, exercise at different stages of disease, and other factors, such as age, sex, and genetic background. • An optimal design for studying exercise-induced physiological cardiac growth and its related beneficial effects against cardiovascular diseases is presented. Growing evidence has demonstrated exercise as an effective way to promote cardiovascular health and protect against cardiovascular diseases However, the underlying mechanisms of the beneficial effects of exercise have yet to be elucidated. Animal exercise studies are widely used to investigate the key mechanisms of exercise-induced cardiovascular protection. However, standardized procedures and well-established evaluation indicators for animal exercise models are needed to guide researchers in carrying out effective, high-quality animal studies using exercise to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases. In our review, we present the commonly used animal exercise models in cardiovascular research and propose a set of standard procedures for exercise training, emphasizing the appropriate measurements and analysis in these chronic exercise models. We also provide recommendations for optimal design of animal exercise studies in cardiovascular research, including the choice of exercise models, control of exercise protocols, exercise at different stages of disease, and other considerations, such as age, sex, and genetic background. We hope that this position paper will promote basic research on exercise-induced cardiovascular protection and pave the way for successful translation of exercise studies from bench to bedside in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Utilizing information technology (IT) systems, for example in form of computerized cognitive screening or exergame-based (also called active videogames) training, has gained growing interest for supporting healthy aging and to detect, prevent and treat neurocognitive disorders (NCD). To ameliorate the effectiveness of exergaming, the neurobiological mechanisms as well as the most effective components for exergame-based training remain to be established. At the same time, it is important to account for the end-users’ capabilities, preferences, and therapeutic needs during the design and development process to foster the usability and acceptance of the resulting program in clinical practice. This will positively influence adherence to the resulting exergame-based training program, which, in turn, favors more distinct training-related neurobiological effects.Objectives and Methods: This methodological paper describes the design and development process of novel exergame-based training concepts guided by a recently proposed methodological framework: The ‘Multidisciplinary Iterative Design of Exergames (MIDE): A Framework for Supporting the Design, Development, and Evaluation of Exergames for Health’ (Li et al., 2020).Case Study: A step-by-step application of the MIDE-framework as a specific guidance in an ongoing project aiming to design, develop, and evaluate an exergame-based training concept with the aim to halt and/or reduce cognitive decline and improve quality of life in older adults with mild neurocognitive disorder (mNCD) is illustrated.Discussion and Conclusion: The development of novel exergame-based training concepts is greatly facilitated when it is based on a theoretical framework (e.g., the MIDE-framework). Applying this framework resulted in a structured, iterative, and evidence-based approach that led to the identification of multiple key requirements for the exergame design as well as the training components that otherwise may have been overlooked or neglected. This is expected to foster the usability and acceptance of the resulting exergame intervention in “real life” settings. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to implement a theoretical framework (e.g., the MIDE-framework) for future research projects in line with well-known checklists to improve completeness of reporting and replicability when serious games for motor-cognitive rehabilitation purposes are to be developed.

Abstract: Knowledge is needed regarding mechanisms acting between physical activity (PA) and chronic pain. We investigated whether cold pain tolerance mediates an effect of leisure-time physical activity on the risk of chronic pain 7 to 8 years later using consecutive surveys of the population-based Tromsø Study. We included participants with information on baseline leisure-time PA (LTPA) and the level of cold pressor-assessed cold pain tolerance, who reported chronic pain status at follow-up as any of the following: chronic pain for ≥3 months, widespread chronic pain, moderate-to-severe chronic pain, or widespread moderate-to-severe chronic pain. We included 6834 participants (52% women; mean age, 55 years) in counterfactual mediation analyses. Prevalence decreased with severity, for example, 60% for chronic pain vs 5% for widespread moderate-to-severe chronic pain. People with one level higher LTPA rating (light to moderate or moderate to vigorous) at baseline had lower relative risk (RR) of 4 chronic pain states 7 to 8 years later. Total RR effect of a 1-level LTPA increase was 0.95 (0.91-1.00), that is, -5% decreased risk. Total effect RR for widespread chronic pain was 0.84 (0.73-0.97). Indirect effect for moderate-to-severe chronic pain was statistically significant at RR 0.993 (0.988-0.999); total effect RR was 0.91 (0.83-0.98). Statistically significantly mediated RR for widespread moderate-to-severe chronic pain was 0.988 (0.977-0.999); total effect RR was 0.77 (0.64-0.94). This shows small mediation of the effect of LTPA through pain tolerance on 2 moderate-to-severe chronic pain types. This suggests pain tolerance to be one possible mechanism through which PA modifies the risk of moderate-to-severe chronic pain types with and without widespread pain., (Copyright © 2024 International Association for the Study of Pain.)

Stair use is a physical activity that can be incorporated into the daily lifestyle of a majority of the population, resulting in several health benefits. Nudges are increasingly used in public health interventions to encourage healthy behaviours such as physical activity in a cost-effective manner. This scoping review aimed to investigate the effect and the characteristics of nudges used on interventions to promote stair use. We reviewed the relevant literature published in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Mendeley and Google Scholar, from January 2009 to May 2022. Eligibility criteria included original studies of any type of design, written in English, targeting healthy adults, reporting nudging interventions, using elevator or escalator as comparators and defining a baseline for comparisons. Initially, 118 publications were identified, and after applying exclusion criteria, 27 articles were included in the analysis. Results showed that most of the nudging interventions had significant positive effect on stair use in several settings. The evidence from this review suggests that incorporating nudges into public health interventions can effectively promote physical activity through increased stair usage. Emphasizing prevention measures in public health interventions may contribute to better health outcomes., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Objectives: Gestational diabetes commonly occurs during pregnancy and increases lifetime risk of type 2 diabetes following pregnancy. Engaging in physical activity postnatally can reduce this subsequent risk. Interventions aiming to increase physical activity after gestational diabetes may not address the wide range of post-pregnancy barriers. A socio-ecological approach highlights the need to include multi-level factors such as social, community and organisational factors. The aim of the review was to map intervention components to prevent type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes using the socio-ecological model as a framework and investigate how physical activity changes align with different intervention components utilised., Methods: Eligible studies included any study type within 5 years of a gestational diabetes diagnosis and targeted physical activity. A systematic search of MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL Complete, and Scopus was conducted in October 2022. Results were categorised based on whether findings demonstrated no increases, non-statistically significant increases or statistically significant increases in physical activity., Results: Forty-eight studies were included (37 different interventions). Thirty-eight studies were assessed as "adequate" quality, only two studies were "good" quality, and the remaining were limited quality. Mixed physical activity outcomes were observed across components used at the intrapersonal level, with components across other levels of the socio-ecological model showing more increases in physical activity. Intervention components within the social and organisational levels, for example childcare provision, providing group-based sessions and offering remote delivery, were more often present in interventions with physical activity increases., Conclusions for Practice: Future interventions targeting physical activity after gestational diabetes should aim to include social and organisational-level components in their intervention design. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021272044)., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Psychological stress is associated with numerous deleterious health effects. Accumulating evidence suggests acute exercise reduces stress reactivity. As stressors activate a wide array of psychological and physiological systems it is imperative stress responses are examined through a multidimensional lens. Moreover, it seems prudent to consider whether stress responses are influenced by exercise intervention characteristics such as modality, duration, intensity, timing, as well as participant fitness/physical activity levels. The current review therefore examined the role of acute exercise on stress reactivity through a multidimensional approach, as well as whether exercise intervention characteristics and participant fitness/physical activity levels may moderate these effects. Stress reactivity was assessed via heart rate, blood pressure, cortisol, catecholamines, and self-report. A systematic search following PRISMA guidelines of five databases was updated in November 2022. Reviewed studies met the following criteria: English language, participants aged ≥ 18, use of acute exercise, use of a validated stress-inducing task, and assessment(s) of stress reactivity. Thirty-one studies (1386 participants) were included. Acute exercise resulted in reliable reductions to blood pressure and cortisol. Acute exercise yielded mostly negligible effects on heart rate reactivity and negligible effects on self-report measures. As for exercise intervention characteristics, intensity-dependent effects were present, such that higher intensities yielded larger reductions to reactivity measures, while limited evidence was present for duration, modality, and timing-dependent effects. Regarding participant fitness/physical activity levels, the effects on stress reactivity were mixed. Future work should standardize the definitions and assessment time points of stress reactivity, as well as investigate the interaction between physiological and psychological stress responses in real-world contexts., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Older hospitalised patients have low levels of physical activity and multiple impairing factors., Aims: To systematically evaluate the perceived barriers to physical activity among older patients during hospitalisation, and provide reference for future intervention programs., Design: Following ENTREQ, do a systematic evaluation and synthesis of qualitative investigations., Methods: An exhaustive exploration was conducted across the CNKI, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, China Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science from their inception until August, 2023 to identify qualitative research on obstacles to physical activity among older hospital patients. The quality of the literature was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool for qualitative research. Meta-synthesis method was used to integrate the results., Results: In total, 8 literatures were included, 43 themes were extracted, and analogous research results were amalgamated to generate 10 categories and 3 syntheses: individual level, interpersonal influencing factors and hospital environment and resources level., Conclusion: Older inpatients are faced with multiple barriers to physical activity. Medical staff should pay attention to changes in physical activity during hospitalisation, identify barriers to physical activity in older inpatients and provide references for promoting physical activity programs for the older., No Patient or Public Contribution: This study is a meta-synthesis and does not require relevant contributions from patients or the public., What Is Already Known: Older patients are at low physical activity levels during hospitalisation. Older inpatients are faced with multiple barriers to physical activity., What This Paper Adds: Factors of physical activity impairment in hospitalised older patients should be considered in the context of health status, psychological factors, motivation and social support. Disease-induced psychological fallout has a greater impact on physical activity in the older., (© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Nursing published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The aim of this research was to explore the effect of exercise atmosphere (EA) on the flow experience (FE) and subjective well-being (SWB) of middle school students and further analyze the mediating effect of FE between EA and SWB, and to provide theoretical references for improving middle school students' SWB. A cross-sectional design was used. 1056 middle school students from 6 middle schools in Sichuan, China, voluntarily completed the Exercise Atmosphere Scale (EAS), Short (9-item) Dispositional Flow Scales (SDFS-2), Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SLS). The data collected for this investigation were processed using SPSS 19.0 and Process 3.0. EA could positively predict FE and SWB. FE could positively predict SWB. FE partially mediated the relationship between EA and SWB. The study demonstrated the mediating effect of FE between EA and middle school students' SWB. It was proposed that the positive EA contributes to the emergence of FE during physical exercise in middle school students, which leads to a better sense of SWB., Competing Interests: The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Exercise has been demonstrated to induce an elevated production of free radicals, leading to the onset of oxidative stress. Numerous studies highlight the positive impacts of aerobic exercise, primarily attributed to the increase in overall antioxidant capacity. The evidence suggests that engaging in aerobic exercise contributes to a reduction in the likelihood of advanced cancer and mortality. Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between the generation of free radicals and the collective antioxidant defense system, encompassing both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. Typically, oxidative stress triggers the formation of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species, instigating or advancing various issues in cancers and other diseases. The pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance serves as a direct measure of this imbalance in oxidative stress. Polyphenols contain a variety of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, flavanols, and phenolic acids, conferring antioxidant properties. Previous research highlights the potential of polyphenols as antioxidants, with documented effects on reducing cancer risk by influencing processes such as proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. This is primarily attributed to their recognized antioxidant capabilities. Considering the extensive array of signaling pathways associated with exercise and polyphenols, this overview will specifically focus on oxidative stress, the antioxidant efficacy of polyphenols and exercise, and their intricate interplay in cancer treatment., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep duration are known to have an individual effect on clinic blood pressure (BP) of older adults. However, whether different patterns of these so-called movement behaviors over the 24h-cycle on BP remains poorly investigated. The study aimed to identify movement behavior patterns associated with clinic BP among older adults with chronic diseases. Cross-sectional study with 238 older adults (80.3% female; mean age 68.8 ± 6.6) with at least one chronic disease. PA, SB, and sleep duration were measured by a triaxial accelerometer. Clinic systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were obtained through an automated method following standard procedures. Non-hierarchical K-means cluster and linear regression modeling were employed to identify the clusters of movement behaviors and to examine the associations. Two clusters were identified [active and non-sedentary, n = 103 (i.e., sufficient sleep duration, higher LPA and MVPA, and lower SB) and sedentary and inactive, n = 135 (i.e., sufficient sleep duration, lower LPA and MVPA, and higher SB). Active and non-sedentary older adults presented lower systolic BP compared to sedentary and inactive ones, even after adjustments for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics (β = 6.356; CI 95% from 0.932 to 11.779; P = 0.022). No associations were found for diastolic BP. In conclusion, higher PA and lower SB were associated with lower systolic BP in older adults with chronic diseases. However, sleep duration did not modify this association. Therefore, interventions focusing on concomitantly increasing PA levels and reducing SB should be the priority for controlling blood pressure., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

Issue Addressed: Regular physical activity is important for children's health. Parkrun supports communities to deliver free, weekly, 5 km events in 22 countries around the world and is the largest physical activity model delivered at scale in the world. Junior parkrun aims to encourage children aged 4-14 years to be active outdoors through providing safe, cost-free and non-competitive weekly timed walk, run or jog over a 2-km distance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the junior parkrun pilot in Australia., Methods: A process evaluation was conducted using routinely collected data of junior parkrun participants, as well as a self-completed questionnaire., Results: A total of 1827 children had registered and participated in at least one junior parkrun over the course of the pilot period. Participants had, on average, attended 10% of the junior parkrun events including and subsequent to their first participation by the end of the study period. Majority of parents (61%) said that junior parkrun had increased their child's physical activity either a little or a lot, and most agreed or strongly agreed that junior parkrun was fun (90%), enjoyable (91%), energising (85%) and challenging (70%)., Conclusion: The junior parkrun pilot appears to show promise in Australia for enabling children to engage in physical activity, in their local communities in a fun and inclusive way., So What: Parkrun junior can co-exist with other organised sports programs; however, it can also specifically target those not participating in any sports, given the high levels of enjoyment in a non-competitive, non-team environment., (© 2023 The Authors. Health Promotion Journal of Australia published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australian Health Promotion Association.)

Objectives: To analyze the mode of school physical activity, the relationship with obesity, and participation willingness and behavior in the relationship between modes of school physical activity and BMI in students with overweight or obesity., Design: Cross-sectional study., Sample: Data from the 2014 Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance of Chinese School Students was used, wherein physical measurements and questionnaires of 3476 middle school students were collected., Measurements: Physical measurements and questionnaires were completed. Latent profile analysis and mediated effects analysis were conducted using Mplus 8.3 and IBM SPSS 26.0 for data description and statistical analysis., Result: After latent profile analysis divided into poor (9.35%), medium (65.16%), and good (25.49%) groups of school physical activity, among junior middle school students, medium (OR = 0.428, 95% CI = 0.259-0.707, p = .001) and good (OR = 0.448, 95% CI = 0.255-0.718, p = .002) groups were positive for controlling overweight. Among students with overweight or obesity, participation willingness mediated the relationship between the mode of school physical activity and BMI, with effect coefficients of -0.120 (95% CI = -0.264 to -0.016) and -0.240 (95% CI = -0.426 to -0.099)., Conclusions: School physical activity modes have a positive effect only on preventing and controlling overweight in junior middle school students. For middle school students with obesity, weight-specific measures should be considered for their prevention and control., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

The prediction of physical ability is a key point to understand the physical training effect of college students. This paper uses the error Back Propagation neural network algorithms to investigate the college students' physical test results, and predicts the future trends of the results. The findings indicate that, in future ten years, the physical test grades of both men and women will slip to a certain extent. It implies that the indicators of speed, power, endurance level and physical strength of college students keep going down. This phenomenon should be paid attention to. It is necessary to strength the exercise consciousness, and stimulates the enthusiasm of students' exercise.

This study investigated the association between physical activity (PA) and midlife income. The population-based data comprised employed members of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (N = 2797). Using binned scatterplots and polynomial regressions, we evaluated the association between accelerometer-measured moderate PA (MPA), vigorous PA (VPA), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) at 46 years old and register-based income at 50 years old. The models were adjusted for sex, marital status, number of children, education, adolescent PA, occupational physical strenuousness, and time preference. We found MPA (p < 0.001), VPA (p < 0.05), and MVPA (p < 0.001) to associate curvilinearly with income. In subgroup analyses, a curvilinear association was found between MPA (p < 0.01) and MVPA (p < 0.01) among those with physically strenuous work, VPA among all females (p < 0.01) and females with physically light work (p < 0.01), and MPA and MVPA among all males and males with physically strenuous work (p < 0.05; p < 0.01; p < 0.05; p < 0.05, respectively) and income. The highest income benefits occurred at PA volumes higher than current PA guidelines. Linear associations between PA and income were found among females for MPA (p < 0.05) and MVPA (p < 0.05), among those with physically light work for MPA (p < 0.05), VPA (p < 0.05), and MVPA (p < 0.05), and among females with physically strenuous work for VPA (p < 0.05). We conclude that PA up to the current recommended level is associated with income, but MPA exceeding 505.4 min/week, VPA exceeding 216.4 min/week, and MVPA exceeding 555.0 min/week might have a negative association with income., (© 2023 The Authors. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science In Sports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objective: Several recent studies show a growing popularity of therapeutic climbing (TC) for patients with various conditions. This could be an attempt to fill the gap left by traditional exercises that do not always address physical, mental, and social well-being. This review provides an overview of the physical, mental, and social effects and safety aspects of climbing for different indications., Literature Survey: A literature search was conducted on July 8, 2020 (update search August 26, 2021). We searched MEDLINE via Ovid, Embase, and PubMed and bibliographies of included studies, and we conducted a manual search., Methodology: Two independent reviewers evaluated the quality of the studies using appropriate Risk of Bias (RoB) tools, and the level of evidence for each domain was graded. Study characteristics and effectiveness data for TC were extracted and synthesized. Meta-analyses were conducted for the three dimensions (physical/mental/social health), using a random-effects model., Synthesis: A total of 112 publications were reviewed, and 22 full-text articles were assessed regarding the eligibility criteria, of which 18 trials involving 568 patients were included. TC is safe and positively affects physical (e.g., fitness, motor control, movement velocity, dexterity, strength), mental (e.g., depressiveness, somatisation, psychoticism, emotion regulation, body perception, self-esteem, fatigue), and social (e.g., social functioning, trust, communication, sense of responsibility) health for individuals with neurological, orthopedic, psychiatric, and pediatric ailments. The meta-analysis showed a statistically significant improvement in the physical dimension favoring the climbing group. Improvements that were not statistically significant were found for the mental/social dimensions in the climbing group. The heterogeneity of data was moderate/high (social/mental dimension), and for the physical dimension, data were homogenous., Conclusions: The studies investigating TC outline its positive effects in various patient groups. TC is a safe and effective treatment for improving physical/mental/social well-being. This review is based on the best available evidence; however, significant gaps remain in providing sufficiently strong evidence., (© 2022 The Authors. PM&R published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.)

Musicians who play instruments may suffer from some musculoskeletal disorders due to intense and long working processes, wrong posture-holding, insufficient bodily awareness. Preparatory physical exercises can be used to prevent or alleviate these disorders. These are aimed at warming up, opening-stretching, strengthening the joints and muscles and maintaining the correct posture in order to prepare the body for playing. In this study, it was aimed to reveal the pre-service music teacher candidates' physical exercises for instrument practice. A qualitative method was used in the research; a semi-structured interview form was applied to the study group. In the analysis of the data, the thematic analysis technique was used. As a result of the analysis, 4 main themes including "exercise experience", "breath awareness", "physical pains" and "effects of exercise" and 9 sub themes and 49 codes depending on these themes were revealed. As a result of the research, it was concluded that music teacher candidates did not do regular exercise work for instrument study, they experienced physical pain due to instrument study, their breath awareness was not at a sufficient level, and exercise had physical and psychological effects on instrument performance. In addition to medical treatments for musician injuries related to instrument playing, physical awareness and exercise training that prevent these disorders play an extremely important role. In instrument education, besides technical and musical concepts, it is necessary to research and apply ways to bring physical awareness to students. [Paper presented at the International Conference on New Horizons in Education (INTE) (July 28-29, 2022).]

There is a gap in research on how best to support exercise in moderate to severe MS. The objective of this study is to share perspectives of people living with MS and physiotherapists on their experiences in a randomized clinical trial of online physiotherapy vs. an active comparator. Semi-structured exit interviews were conducted with volunteer participants from the online and comparator arms of the trial, and focus groups were held with study physiotherapists. Transcripts were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Perspectives from participants with MS yielded three themes: usability of their program, utility of their program, and motivation to participate. Visual and dexterity impairments limited the usability of the online program. Having an opportunity "to be pushed" was valued by participants in both trial arms. Motivation to exercise was variable, and participants desired periodic face-to-face contact with their physiotherapists. Perspectives from trial physiotherapists yielded similar and complementary findings concerning usability and utility. Participants with MS and physiotherapists found the online physiotherapy platform useful for supporting exercise, yet they identified some limitations. As the appeal of online platforms has increased since the pandemic, it will be important to consider the needs of people with moderate to severe MS. NCT03039400. People with moderate-to-severe MS and physiotherapists involved in a clinical trial found online physiotherapy useful for supporting exercise. Physiotherapists and participants using the online program desired improved platform accommodations for people living with MS with visual and dexterity impairments. Physiotherapists and people living with MS from both the online exercise program and comparator groups perceived a need for more face-to-face contact and opportunities to build therapeutic alliance. Perspectives from prescribing physiotherapists and people living with MS about supporting exercise online may have practice implications during and post-pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A healthy lifestyle comprising regular physical activity and an adequate diet is imperative for the prevention of non-communicable diseases such as hypertension and some cancers. Advances in information computer technology offer the opportunity to provide personalised lifestyle advice directly to the individual through devices such as smartphones or tablets. The overall aim of the PROTEIN project (Wilson-Barnes et al., 2021) was to develop a smartphone application that could provide tailored and dynamic nutrition and physical activity advice directly to the individual in real time. However, to create this mobile health (m-health) smartphone application, a knowledge base of reference ranges for macro-/micronutrient intake, anthropometry, biochemical, physiological and sleep parameters was required to underpin the parameters of the recommender systems. Therefore, the principal aim of this emerging research paper is to describe the process by which experts in nutrition and physiology from the PROTEIN consortium collaborated to develop the nutritional and physical activity requirements, based upon existing recommendations, for 10 separate population groups living within the EU including, but not limited to healthy adults, adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, excess weight, obesity and iron deficiency anaemia. A secondary aim is to describe the development of a library of 24-h meal plans appropriate for the same groups and also encompassing various dietary preferences and allergies. Overall, the consortium devised an extensive nutrition and physical activity knowledge base that is pertinent to 10 separate EU user groups, is available in 7 different languages and is practically implemented via a library of culturally appropriate, 24-h meal plans., (© 2024 The Author(s). Nutrition Bulletin published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Nutrition Foundation.)

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses have faced innumerable challenges, which have contributed to staggering increases in burnout rates. In the health care arena, burnout has been associated with the onset or exacerbation of physical illness, neglect of self-care, fatigue, decreased patient satisfaction, higher medication error rates, lack of nurse engagement, and increased nurse turnover., Purpose: This cross-sectional study sought to determine whether a correlation exists between self-reported physical activity and nurses' perception of burnout in a sample of hospital RNs. The secondary aim was to determine whether a correlation exists between the level of perceived burnout and the number of medication errors or near misses., Methods: Participants were asked to provide demographic information, complete the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) and the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ), and self-report the number of medication errors or near misses they were involved in during the previous 12 months. Data were analyzed using Stata version 17 software., Results: A total of 216 participants returned usable surveys. Regarding the relationship between burnout and physical activity levels, data analysis was performed for the 210 participants who completed both the CBI and the GLTEQ. Compared with the least physically active nurses, the most active nurses had significantly lower CBI scores, with 68.5% of those reporting low or no burnout also scoring 24 or more on the GLTEQ. The least physically active nurses had significantly higher CBI scores, with 47.6% of those reporting high burnout also scoring 13 or less on the GLTEQ. Moreover, 90% of the nurses with high burnout levels had directly cared for COVID-19 patients at some point between 2020 and 2022. Medical-surgical nurses experienced significantly higher levels of burnout compared with nurses working in other service areas. No significant relationship was found between the number of medication errors or near misses and burnout levels., Conclusions: This study found that the most physically active nurses reported lower levels of burnout, while the highest levels of burnout were found in the least active nurses. Although COVID-19 infection rates have eased, many nurses, particularly those who have cared for COVID-19 patients and those who work in medical-surgical environments, continue to experience burnout. Targeted programs to reduce work-related burnout, as well as organizational sponsorship of and unit-level support for such programs, are urgently needed. This study's findings suggest that promotion of physical activity may be an essential component to alleviating burnout., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: We aimed to investigate the independent and joint associations between metabolic status, PA (physical activity) and risk of CVD (cardiovascular disease) in participants with obesity., Methods: We included 109,301 adults with obesity free of baseline CVD enrolled from 2006 to 2010 in the UK Biobank cohort (aged 56 ± 7.9 years). Based on metabolic status, obesity was grouped into metabolically healthy obesity (MHO; free of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes; n = 26,989; BMI 33 ± 3.3 kg/m 2 ) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO; n = 82,312; BMI 34 ± 4.0 kg/m 2 ). PA was categorized into four groups according to moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA): none, low, medium, and high. Multivariable Cox regression models were used for the main analyses adjusting for sociodemographic factors, lifestyles and comorbidities., Results: There were 8,059 CVD events during a median follow-up of 8.1 years. MHO was associated with a 42% reduced risk of CVD compared with MUO (HR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.53-0.63). A significant interaction effect between PA and metabolic status on CVD risk was found. Among MUO participants, individuals with PA had significantly decreased CVD risk when compared with no MVPA (HR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.81-0.94 for low PA; HR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.78-0.93 for medium PA; and HR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.80-0.92 for high PA). The lowest CVD risk was observed in MHO & medium PA group when compared with MUO & no MVPA (HR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.37-0.56)., Conclusions: Both MHO and any MVPA were associated with reduced risk of CVD in adults with obesity, while PA could modify the relationship between metabolic status and CVD risk., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

Understanding the relationship between disability and physical activity and whether it differs across local government jurisdictions may aid in the development of placed-based approaches to reducing disability-related inequalities in physical activity. The objectives of this study were to examine the association between disability and physical activity and assess whether this association varied between Australian Local Government Areas. The sample included 13,315 participants aged 18-64 years from the Household Income and Labour Dynamics Australia Survey, 2017. Participants self-reported disability and physical activity. Linear mixed-effects models estimated the association between disability and physical activity. People with disability reported less physical activity per week. We did not find evidence that this association varied across LGAs. Our findings do not add evidence towards local government-based approaches in Australia to reducing physical activity inequalities between people with and without a disability., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objectively measured physical activity volume serves as a predictive factor for functional recovery in patients with stroke. Malnutrition, a frequent complication of stroke, may influence the relationship between physical activity and functional recovery. This study aimed to examine the association between physical activity volume and functional recovery in patients with stroke, stratified by their nutritional status. This multicenter prospective observational study included 209 patients with stroke admitted to two Japanese convalescent rehabilitation hospitals. Participants were categorized based on the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) at admission [≥92, high GNRI group ( n  = 133); <92, low GNRI group ( n  = 76)]. Physical activity levels were measured as the duration of total physical activity (TPA), which is the sum of light-intensity physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, using a triaxial accelerometer during the first 7 days after admission. Outcome measures are represented as the relative gain of the motor score on functional independence measure (M-FIM effectiveness) during the first month after admission. The multiple regression analysis, adjusting for age, sex, comorbidity, onset to admission intervals, motor paralysis, initial M-FIM, and cognitive FIM, showed that the duration of TPA in the first 7 days was significantly associated with the M-FIM effectiveness over the first month in both low GNRI [ B  = 0.12, 95% confidential intervals (CI) = 0.01; 0.24, P  = 0.049] and high GNRI group ( B  = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.01; 0.21, P  = 0.027). This study demonstrates a positive predictive association between early TPA level and functional recovery in stroke patients, irrespective of their nutritional status., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

The increasing preference for indoor exercise spaces highlights the relationship between indoor thermal environments and physiological responses, particularly concerning thermal comfort during physical activity. Determining the metabolic heat production rate during exercise is essential for optimizing the thermal comfort, well-being, and performance of individuals engaged in physical activities. This value can be determined during the activity using several methods, including direct calorimetry measurement, indirect calorimetry that uses analysis of respiratory gases, or approximations using collected data such as speed, body mass, and heart rate. The study aimed to calculate the metabolic heat production rate by infrared thermal evaluation (ITE) based on the body's thermal balance approach and compare it with the values determined by indirect calorimetry (IC). Fourteen participants volunteered for the study, using a cycling ergometer in a controlled climatic chamber. After the familiarization sessions, maximal O 2 intake levels (VO 2max ) were determined through maximal graded exercise tests. Subsequently, constant work rate exercise tests were performed at 60% of VO 2max for 20 min. The metabolic heat production rates were calculated by IC and ITE for each athlete individually. Respiratory gases were used to determine IC, while body skin and core temperatures, along with physical environmental data, were applied to calculate ITE using the human body thermal balance approximation of ASHRAE. According to the results, heat storage rates were misleading among the body's heat transfer modes, particularly during the first 8 min of the exercise. ITE showed a moderate level of correlation with IC (r: 0.03-0.86) with a higher level of dispersion relative to the mean (CV%: 12-84%). Therefore, a new equation (ITE new ) for the heat storage rates was proposed using the experimental data from this study. The results showed that ITE new provided more precise estimations for the entire exercise period (p > 0.05). Correlations between ITE new and IC values were consistently strong throughout the exercise period (r: 0.62-0.85). It can be suggested that ITE new values can predict IC during the constant work rate steady-state exercise., (© 2024. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to International Society of Biometeorology.)

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the responsiveness of patient-reported and device-based instruments within four physical activity trials., Methods: This was a secondary analysis of four randomized trials that used both a patient-reported outcome measure (the Incidental and Planned Exercise Questionnaire (IPEQ)) and a device-based instrument (ActiGraph or ActivPAL) to measure physical activity. The four trials included were (i) Activity and MObility UsiNg Technology (AMOUNT), digitally enabled exercises in those undertaking aged care and neurological rehabilitation; (ii) Balance Exercise Strength Training at Home, home-based balance and strength exercises in community-dwelling people 65 yr or older; (iii) Coaching for Healthy Ageing (CHAnGE), physical activity coaching and fall prevention intervention in community-dwelling people 60 yr or older; and (iv) Fitbit trial, fall prevention and physical activity promotion with health coaching and activity monitor in community-dwelling people 60 yr or older. We estimated treatment effects for all variables within each physical activity instrument using regression analyses and expressed results as effect sizes (ES)., Results: Overall, device-based instruments were more responsive among healthy older adults (ES range, 0.01 to 0.32), whereas the IPEQ was more responsive among adults requiring rehabilitation (ES range, -0.06 to 0.35). Both the IPEQ and device-based instruments were more responsive in trials that promoted walking via coaching participants to increase their daily steps (AMOUNT (ES range, -0.06 to 0.35), CHAnGE (ES range, -0.24 to 0.22), and Fitbit trial (ES range, -0.23 to 0.32)). Individual variables within the IPEQ and device-based instruments varied in their responsiveness (ES range, -0.13 to 0.20)., Conclusions: Both the IPEQ and device-based instruments are able to detect small changes in physical activity levels. However, responsiveness varies across different interventions and populations. Our findings provide guidance for researchers and clinicians in selecting an appropriate instrument to measure changes in physical activity., (Copyright © 2023 by the American College of Sports Medicine.)

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the associations of biological sex and aerobic fitness (i.e., V̇O 2peak ) on the change in gastrointestinal temperature (∆ Tgi ) and whole-body sweat rate (WBSR) of children exercising in warm conditions., Methods: Thirty-eight children (17 boys, mean ± SD = 13.7 ± 1.2 yr; 21 girls, 13.6 ± 1.8 yr) walked for 45 min at a fixed rate of metabolic heat production (8 W·kg -1 ) in 30°C and 40% relative humidity. Biological sex and relative V̇O 2peak were entered as predictors into a Bayesian hierarchical generalized additive model for Tgi . For a subsample of 13 girls with measured body composition, body fat percent was entered into a separate hierarchical generalized additive model for Tgi . Sex, V̇O 2peak , and the evaporative requirement for heat balance ( Ereq ) were entered into a Bayesian hierarchical linear regression for WBSR., Results: The mean ∆ Tgi for boys was 0.71°C (90% credible interval = 0.60-0.82) and for girls 0.78°C (0.68-0.88). A predicted 20 mL·kg -1 ·min -1 higher V̇O 2peak resulted in a 0.19°C (-0.03 to 0.43) and 0.24°C (0.07-0.40) lower ∆ Tgi in boys and girls, respectively. A predicted ~13% lower body fat in the subsample of girls resulted in a 0.15°C (-0.12 to 0.45) lower ∆ Tgi . When Ereq was standardized to the grand mean, the difference in WBSR between boys and girls was -0.00 L·h -1 (-0.06 to 0.06), and a 20-mL·kg -1 ·min -1 higher predicted V̇O 2peak resulted in a mean difference in WBSR of -0.07 L·h -1 (-0.15 to 0.00)., Conclusions: Biological sex did not independently influence ∆ Tgi and WBSR in children. However, a higher predicted V̇O 2peak resulted in a lower ∆ Tgi of children, which was not associated with a greater WBSR, but may be related to differences in body fat percent between high and low fitness individuals., (Copyright © 2023 by the American College of Sports Medicine.)

Scaling up established physical activity (PA) opportunities for broader population reach requires practitioners to carefully consider strategies implemented to recruit and attract new participants to their PA programs. This scoping review examines the effectiveness of recruitment strategies for engaging adults in organized (established and sustained) PA programs. Electronic databases were searched for articles published between March 1995 and September 2022. Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods papers were included. Recruitment strategies were assessed against Foster et al. (Recruiting participants to walking intervention studies: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2011;8:137-137.) assessment of quality for reporting recruitment and the determinants of recruitment rates were examined. 8394 titles and abstracts were screened; 22 articles were assessed for eligibility; 9 papers were included. Three of the 6 quantitative papers adopted a combination of passive and active recruitment strategies and 3 relied solely on active strategies. All 6 quantitative papers reported on recruitment rates; 2 evaluated the efficacy of recruitment strategies based on the achieved levels of participation. The evaluation evidence on how individuals are successfully recruited into organized PA programs, and how recruitment strategies influence or address inequities in PA participation, is limited. Culturally sensitive, gender sensitive and socially inclusive recruitment strategies based on building personal relationships show promise for engaging hard-to-reach populations. Improving the reporting and measurement of recruitment strategies into PA programs is essential to better understand which strategies are attracting various population groups thus allowing program implementers to employ recruitment strategies best suited to the needs of their community while making efficient use of program funding., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press.)

Allergy and respiratory disorders are common in young athletic individuals. In the context of elite sport, it is essential to secure an accurate diagnosis in order to optimize health and performance. It is also important, however, to consider the potential impact or consequences of these disorders, in recreationally active individuals engaging in structured exercise and/or physical activity to maintain health and well‐being across the lifespan. This EAACI Task Force was therefore established, to develop an up‐to‐date, research‐informed position paper, detailing the optimal approach to the diagnosis and management of common exercise‐related allergic and respiratory conditions. The recommendations are informed by a multidisciplinary panel of experts including allergists, pulmonologists, physiologists and sports physicians. The report is structured as a concise, practically focussed document, incorporating diagnostic and treatment algorithms, to provide a source of reference to aid clinical decision‐making. Throughout, we signpost relevant learning resources to consolidate knowledge and understanding and conclude by highlighting future research priorities and unmet needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to compare metabolic risk factors, lipid indices, healthy eating index, and physical activity among premenopausal, menopausal, and postmenopausal women., Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 4,732 women participating in the Hoveyzeh Cohort Study were placed into three groups of premenopausal (n=736), menopausal (n=396), and postmenopausal (n=917) women, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria ., Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 43.3%, 55.6%, and 62.8% in premenopausal, menopausal, and postmenopausal women, respectively. After menopause, the prevalence of hypertension (50.2%), dyslipidemia (61.2%), diabetes (37.7%), and abdominal obesity according to the Iranian guidelines (75.9%) was higher than before menopause. Based on the results, cardiovascular disease had the highest prevalence after menopause (23%). The weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) had the highest odds ratio (OR) among indices, with values of 2.94 and 1.93 in menopausal and postmenopausal women, respectively (P<0.001). According to the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), the total consumption of fruits, vegetables, seafood, and protein was higher in premenopausal women than in postmenopausal women, and the consumption of foods containing sugar was higher in menopausal women than in premenopausal women. The results showed that the level of physical activity was the highest and the lowest in premenopausal and postmenopausal women, respectively (P<0.001)., Conclusion: Menopause leads to an increase in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), Triglyceride Glucose (TyG) index, WWI, and physical activity index increased in postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal women. The TyG index, WWI, and HEI-2015 did not show significant differences between the groups, based on the multiple regression analysis., (© 2024 Leila Moradi et al., published by Sciendo.)