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2. Letter to the editor: Comments on the paper “derivation of lump solutions to a variety of Boussinesq equations with distinct dimensions”
- Author
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Cherniha, Roman
- Published
- 2024
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3. Special Issue: Feature Papers in Eng 2023.
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Gil Bravo, Antonio
- Subjects
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CHEMICAL engineering , *CIVIL engineering , *MECHANICAL engineering , *STRUCTURAL engineering , *AEROSPACE engineering , *PEBBLE bed reactors - Abstract
This document is an introduction to a special issue of the journal Eng, which focuses on experimental and theoretical research in engineering science and technology. The topics covered in the journal include various fields of engineering, such as electrical, chemical, mechanical, civil, and biomedical engineering, with an emphasis on contributing to the circular economy and sustainable development. The special issue contains 34 papers from authors in 25 countries, covering a range of cutting-edge developments in engineering. The author expresses gratitude to the contributors and hopes that the articles will be interesting and inspiring for readers, particularly young scholars. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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4. Design of an Automated Paper Cutting Machine.
- Author
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AlDrais, Sara, Ibrahim, Fatmah AlZhraa, AlFouderi, Nourah, and Mamedov, Ali
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PAPER-cutting machines ,FABRICATION (Manufacturing) ,MECHANICAL engineering ,NEW product development ,QUALITY function deployment - Abstract
This paper aims to present the process of designing and fabricating an automated paper cutting machine. The work presented is the result of the graduation project in mechanical engineering program that follows design process sequence including benchmarking, conceptual design, product development and fabrication of the prototype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
5. New opportunities in the paper and nonwovens industries with foam-assisted web forming and chemical application
- Author
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Oksanen, Antti, Hjelt, Tuomo, Lehmonen, Jani, Rantanen, Timo, Asikainen, Jaakko, and Salminen, Kristian
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paper machines ,Mechanical Engineering ,General Chemical Engineering ,nonwovens industries ,basis weight ,General Chemistry ,production efficieny ,viscose fibers ,kraft pulp ,Media Technology ,paper industries ,General Materials Science ,nonwovens ,web forming - Abstract
Foam-assisted web forming and chemical application technologies have great potential to improve manufacturing efficiency and product quality in the paper and nonwovens industries. In this study, the benefits of foam forming and foam-assisted application of chemicals were demonstrated in a pilot machine trial. Uniform high-bulk webs of unrefined bleached softwood kraft pulp (BSKP) and viscose fibers were manufactured by foam forming. It was shown that foam formed low-grammage and high-bulk viscose fiber webs can be strengthened by foam-assisted application of latex onto the wet web. Correspondingly, foam-assisted application of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and anionic polyacrylamide (A-PAM) improved the strength of the foam formed low-grammage and high-bulk BSKP web. Overall, the pilot machine results indicated that material cost savings could be achieved and a high-performance product could be manufactured with foam-based technologies.
- Published
- 2023
6. ORNL RESEARCHERS WIN BEST PAPER AWARD FOR NICKEL-BASED ALLOY TAILORING
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United States. Oak Ridge National Laboratory ,3D printing ,Nickel ,Turbines ,Alloys ,Corrosion and anti-corrosives ,Coatings ,Mechanical engineering ,Specialty metals industry ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
OAK RIDGE, Tenn -- The following information was released by Oak Ridge National Laboratory: With additive manufacturing, materials for parts can be compositionally graded for strength and corrosion resistance, eliminating [...]
- Published
- 2024
7. Paper-Based Bi-Material Cantilever Actuator Bending Behavior and Modeling
- Author
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Gordon Chen, Ashutosh Kumar, Hojat Heidari-Bafroui, Winfield Smith, Amer Charbaji, Nassim Rahmani, Constantine Anagnostopoulos, and Mohammad Faghri
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Control and Systems Engineering ,Mechanical Engineering ,paper-based sensor ,bi-material cantilever ,paper-based valve ,bending response ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering - Abstract
In this paper, the behavior of the Bi-Material Cantilever (B-MaC) response deflection upon fluidic loading was experimentally studied and modeled for bilayer strips. A B-MaC consists of a strip of paper adhered to a strip of tape. When fluid is introduced, the paper expands while the tape does not, which causes the structure to bend due to strain mismatch, similar to the thermal loading of bi-metal thermostats. The main novelty of the paper-based bilayer cantilevers is the mechanical properties of two different types of material layers, a top layer of sensing paper and a bottom layer of actuating tape, to create a structure that can respond to moisture changes. When the sensing layer absorbs moisture, it causes the bilayer cantilever to bend or curl due to the differential swelling between the two layers. The portion of the paper strip that gets wet forms an arc, and as the fluid advances and fully wets the B-MaC, the entire B-MaC assumes the shape of the initial arc. This study showed that paper with higher hygroscopic expansion forms an arc with a smaller radius of curvature, whereas thicker tape with a higher Young’s modulus forms an arc with a larger radius of curvature. The results showed that the theoretical modeling could accurately predict the behavior of the bilayer strips. The significance of paper-based bilayer cantilevers lies in their potential applications in various fields, such as biomedicine, and environmental monitoring. In summary, the novelty and significance of paper-based bilayer cantilevers lie in their unique combination of sensing and actuating capabilities using a low-cost and environmentally friendly material.
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- 2023
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8. Application of spruce wood flour as a cellulosic-based wood additive for recycled paper applications— A pilot paper machine study
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Sandro Zier and Klaus Dölle
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Paper machine ,business.product_category ,Cellulosic ethanol ,Mechanical Engineering ,General Chemical Engineering ,Media Technology ,Environmental science ,General Materials Science ,Wood flour ,General Chemistry ,business ,Pulp and paper industry - Abstract
This study gives a first insight into the use of wood flour as a plant-based and cellulosic-based alter-native additive for newsprint and paperboard production using 100% recycled fibers as a raw material. The study compares four varieties of a spruce wood flour product serving as cellulosic-based additives at addition rates of 2%, 4%, and 6% during operation of a 12-in. laboratory pilot paper machine. Strength properties of the produced newsprint and linerboard products were analyzed. Results suggested that spruce wood flour as a cellulosic-based additive represents a promising approach for improving physical properties of paper and linerboard products made from 100% recycled fiber content. This study shows that wood flour pretreated with a plant-based polysaccharide and untreated spruce wood flour product with a particle size range of 20 μm to 40 μm and 40 μm to 70 μm can increase the bulk and tensile properties in newsprint and linerboard applications.
- Published
- 2021
9. A Nitrocellulose Paper-Based Multi-Well Plate for Point-of-Care ELISA
- Author
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Zhen Qin, Zongjie Huang, Peng Pan, Yueyue Pan, Runze Zuo, Yu Sun, and Xinyu Liu
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Control and Systems Engineering ,Mechanical Engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,paper-based ELISA ,nitrocellulose ,multi-well paper plate ,point-of-care diagnostics - Abstract
Low-cost diagnostic tools for point-of-care immunoassays, such as the paper-based enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), have become increasingly important, especially so in the recent COVID-19 pandemic. ELISA is the gold-standard antibody/antigen sensing method. This paper reports an easy-to-fabricate nitrocellulose (NC) paper plate, coupled with a desktop scanner for ELISA, which provides a higher protein immobilization efficiency than the conventional cellulose paper-based ELISA platforms. The experiments were performed using spiked samples for the direct ELISA of rabbit IgG with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.016 μg/mL, in a measurement range of 10 ng/mL to 1 mg/mL, and for the sandwich ELISA of sperm protein (SP-10) with an LOD of 88.8 ng/mL, in a measurement range of 1 ng/mL to 100 μg/mL. The described fabrication method, based on laser-cutting, is a highly flexible one-step laser micromachining process, which enables the rapid production of low-cost NC paper-based multi-well plates with different sizes for the ELISA measurements.
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- 2022
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10. Mechanical performance of nano-silica modified insulating paper with mechanical-thermal synergy
- Author
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Yongjin Yu, Xu Kong, and Changyun Li
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Materials science ,Mechanics of Materials ,Mechanical Engineering ,Thermal ,Nano ,Electrical insulation paper ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Composite material ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials - Abstract
In this paper, the mechanical properties of nano-silica modified insulating paper under the combined action of mechanical vibration and temperature conditions are studied. Unmodified and nano-silica modified cellulose insulating paper with 2 wt% and 4 wt% were prepared, respectively, and a series of mechanical-thermal synergy experiments were carried out. With the same mechanical stress and temperature, and with the same aging duration of 144 h (6d), the tensile strength of modified insulating paper with 4 wt% nano-silica, increased 0.99 kN/m and 0.55 kN/m, respectively, compared with those of the unmodified and the 2 wt% nano-silica modified insulating paper. The experiments indicate that the nano-silica modification can effectively improve the mechanical properties of insulating paper. In this work, the modified mechanism of nano-silica is analyzed from the interface effect of modified polymer and the quantum effect of the modified polymer interface two aspects. It is shown that the interface formed in the modified insulating paper can transfer the mechanical stress acted on the insulating paper and prevent the cracks formed in the aging process of the test sample from further expansion, while the quantum effect discretizes the electron energy level, which can restrict the motion of the molecular chain segment to some extent. The conclusion can be used for reference to improve the performance of insulating paper.
- Published
- 2021
11. Preparation and application of water-based nano-silver conductive ink in paper-based 3D printing
- Author
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Lini Lu, Jun Wang, and Chenfei Zhao
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Rapid prototyping ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Conductive ink ,Silver Nano ,3D printing ,Nanotechnology ,Paper based ,business ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Water based - Abstract
Purpose In flexible electronics applications, organic inks are mostly used for inkjet printing. Three-dimensional (3 D) printing technology has the advantages of low cost, high speed and good precision in modern electronic printing. The purpose of this study is to solve the high cost of traditional printing and the pollution emissions of organic ink. It is necessary to develop a water-based conductive ink that is easily degradable and can be 3 D printed. A nano-silver ink printed circuit pattern with high precision, high conductivity and good mechanical properties is a promising strategy. Design/methodology/approach The researched nano-silver conductive ink is mainly composed of silver nanoparticles and resin. The effect of adding methyl cellulose on the ink was also explored. A simple 3 D circuit pattern was printed on photographic paper. The line width, line length, line thickness and conductivity of the printed circuit were tested. The influence of sintering temperature and sintering time on pattern resistivity was studied. The relationship between circuit pattern bending performance and electrical conductivity is analyzed. Findings The experimental results show that the ink has the characteristics of low silver content and good environmental protection effect. The printing feasibility of 3 D printing circuit patterns on paper substrates was confirmed. The best printing temperature is 160°C–180°C, and the best sintering time is 30 min. The circuit pattern can be folded 120°, and the cycle is folded more than 60 times. The minimum resistivity of the circuit pattern is 6.07 µΩ·cm. Methyl cellulose can control the viscosity of the ink. The mechanical properties of the pattern have been improved. The printing method of 3 D printing can significantly reduce the sintering time and temperature of the conductive ink. These findings may provide innovation for the flexible electronics industry and pave the way for alternatives to cost-effective solutions. Originality/value In this study, direct ink writing technology was used to print circuit patterns on paper substrates. This process is simple and convenient and can control the thickness of the ink layer. The ink material is nonpolluting to the environment. Nano-silver ink has suitable viscosity and pH value. It can meet the requirements of pneumatic 3 D printers. The method has the characteristics of simple process, fast forming, low cost and high environmental friendliness.
- Published
- 2021
12. Advantages of lean duplex stainless steels in the pulp and paper industry
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MIKKO PALOSAARI
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Mechanical Engineering ,General Chemical Engineering ,Media Technology ,General Materials Science ,General Chemistry - Abstract
The performance of lean duplex stainless steels has been utilized by the pulp and paper industry since their introduction to the market almost 20 years ago. Experience has shown that this group of stainless steels has exceptional performance in, for example, alkaline environments towards typical deterioration mechanisms, i.e., uniform corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. The chemistry of the “lean” duplex steels is designed so that the content of volatile and expensive elements like nickel and molybdenum can be reduced to an absolute minimum without sacrificing the technical performance. This reduces the raw material cost and most importantly provides predictability of the steel price, which is often challenging with conventional austenitic and duplex stainless steels.Thanks to a dual phase microstructure and high nitrogen content, lean duplex steels have at least two times higher strength compared to standard austenitic stainless steels. This is often a preferred feature in pulp and paper construction, as it enables lighter structures and less material to be utilized. Today, lean duplex steels are widely available in various dimensions, from thin cold rolled sheets up to thick hot rolled plates. Lean duplex steels are also fully recyclable after the decommissioning stage of the equipment, thereby contributing to the circular economy.
- Published
- 2023
13. Can carbon capture be a new revenue opportunity for the pulp and paper sector?
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Satu Lipiäinen, Esa Vakkilainen, and Katja Kuparinen
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Mechanical Engineering ,General Chemical Engineering ,Pulp (paper) ,Media Technology ,engineering ,Environmental science ,Revenue ,General Materials Science ,General Chemistry ,engineering.material ,Pulp and paper industry - Abstract
Transition towards carbon neutrality will require application of negative carbon emission technologies (NETs). This creates a new opportunity for the industry in the near future. The pulp and paper industry already utilizes vast amounts of biomass and produces large amounts of biogenic carbon dioxide. The industry is well poised for the use of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), which is considered as one of the key NETs. If the captured carbon dioxide can be used to manufacture green fuels to replace fossil ones, then this will generate a huge additional market where pulp and paper mills are on the front line. The objective of this study is to evaluate future trends and policies affecting the pulp and paper industry and to describe how a carbon neutral or carbon negative pulp and paper production process can be viable. Such policies include, as examples, price of carbon dioxide allowances or support for green fuel production and BECCS implementation. It is known that profitability differs depending on mill type, performance, energy efficiency, or carbon dioxide intensity. The results give fresh understanding on the potential for investing in negative emission technologies. Carbon capture or green fuel production can be economical with an emission trade system, depending on electricity price, green fuel price, negative emission credit, and a mill’s emission profile. However, feasibility does not seem to evidently correlate with the performance, technical age, or the measured efficiency of the mill.
- Published
- 2021
14. Revision of JIS P 8116 Paper -Determination of tearing resistance- Elmendorf tearing tester method
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null Pulp and Paper Test Standards Committee
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Mechanical Engineering ,Media Technology ,General Materials Science ,General Chemistry - Published
- 2022
15. Cyclic Voltammetric-Paper-Based Genosensor for Detection of the Target DNA of Zika Virus
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Anirudh Bishoyi, Md. Anish Alam, Mohd. Rahil Hasan, Manika Khanuja, Roberto Pilloton, and Jagriti Narang
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Control and Systems Engineering ,Mechanical Engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Zika virus ,genosensor ,paper electrodes ,cross-reactivity ,synthetic serum - Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus, has been declared as the cause of a ‘worldwide public health emergency’ by the WHO since the year 2016. In cases of acute infections, it has been found to cause Guillain–Barre syndrome and microcephaly. Considering the tropical occurrence of the infections, and the absence of any proper treatments, accurate and timely diagnosis is the only way to control this infectious disease. Currently, there are many diagnostic methods under investigation by the scientific community, but they have some major limitations, such as high cost, low specificity, and poor sensitivity. To overcome these limitations, we have presented a low-cost, simple-to-operate, and portable diagnosis system for its detection by utilizing silver nanoparticles. silver nanoparticles were synthesized via chemical methods and characterization was confirmed by UV/TEM and XRD. The paper platform was synthesized using a graphene-based conductive ink, methylene blue as the redox indicator, and a portable potentiostat to perform the cyclic voltammetry to ensure true point-of-care availability for patients in remote areas.
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- 2022
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16. Soft actuators built from cellulose paper: A review on actuation, material, fabrication, and applications
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Yan Liu, Bin Yin, Peng Wang, Shuting Mo, Siyao Shang, and Jiaming Wei
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Materials science ,Fabrication ,Bionics ,Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,Soft actuator ,Mechanical engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Material ,Biomaterials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Electronics ,Cellulose ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,Programmable action ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Actuation mechanism ,Flexible electronics ,0104 chemical sciences ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,chemistry ,Grippers ,Ceramics and Composites ,TA401-492 ,Robot ,Cellulose paper ,0210 nano-technology ,Actuator - Abstract
Cellulose paper, a material that is naturally derived, low cost, lightweight, eco-friendly, and mechanically deformable, plays important roles in producing next-generation flexible electronics. Following the booms in the development of functional electronics, the soft actuators built from cellulose paper have attracted great attention. In this focused review, the milestones and recent achievements of cellulose paper-based actuators are summarized. Electro-, thermal, moisture and magnetic actuation mechanisms are utilized to acquire energy from external stimuli. Corresponding functional materials and available fabrication techniques like film assembly and layer deposition are described. Programmable actions for the emerging applications in bionics, paper grippers and robots are realized by pursuing different strategies to control the responding deformation. Along with a conclusion, the existing challenges and possible solutions in evaluating and improving the performance of cellulose paper are summarized in the final section.
- Published
- 2021
17. Three-dimensional visualization and characterization of paper machine felts and their relationship to their properties and dewatering performance
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John Xu, Shri Ramaswamy, and Caroline Frischmon
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Materials science ,Paper machine ,business.product_category ,Mechanical Engineering ,General Chemical Engineering ,Three dimensional visualization ,Media Technology ,Mechanical engineering ,General Materials Science ,General Chemistry ,business ,Dewatering ,Characterization (materials science) - Abstract
Polymeric felts are commonly used in the papermaking process on the paper machine wet end, in the press section, and in the dryer section. They provide an important function during paper manufacturing, including as a carrier or support; as a filter media assisting with water removal on the paper machine; in retention of fibers, fines, and fillers; and in some applications, such as tissue and towel, to impart key structural features to the web. These felts can have highly interwoven complex internal structures comprised of machine direction and cross-machine direction yarns of varying sizes and chemical compositions. Here, we present a non-intrusive three-dimensional (3D) image visualization method using advanced X-ray computed tomography (XRCT). This method was used to characterize the complex 3D felt structure and determine the water removal characteristics of some commonly used paper machine felts. The structural features analyzed include porosity; specific pore-yarn interfacial surface area; 3D pore size distribution; 3D fiber or yarn-size distribution; and their variations through the thickness direction. The top, middle, and bottom layers of the felt have very different structures to assist with water removal and impart paper properties. The size distribution of the yarns, as well as the pores in the different layers of the felt, are also inherently different. These structural features were non-intrusively quantified. In addition, variation in the structural characteristics through the thickness of the felts and its potential role in papermaking is explored. In addition to the 3D structural characteristics, permeability characteristics and water removal characteristics, including rewetting of select felt samples, have also been experimentally determined. It is interesting to observe the relationship between key structural features and permeability and water removal characteristics. These relationships can provide additional insights into press felt design, as well as ways to improve product properties and the dewatering efficiency and productivity of the paper machine.
- Published
- 2021
18. Preparation of regenerated cellulose from rice straw lignocellulosic waste and its use for reinforced paper products
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Jitendra Kumar, Izhar Alam, and Chhaya Sharma
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Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,General Chemical Engineering ,Media Technology ,food and beverages ,Regenerated cellulose ,General Materials Science ,General Chemistry ,Rice straw ,Pulp and paper industry - Abstract
Rice straw waste is a lignocellulosic waste produced by farmers in large quantities. In this study, regenerated cellulose (RC) from rice straw was prepared by dissolving rice straw holocellulose (HC) in NaOH/Urea/Thiourea/Water solution by the freeze-thawing process. The crystallinity index of RC was calculated at 31%, which is out of the crystallinity range of 39%–69% that has been previously suggested. The study indicated that the RC is amorphous with a low degree of polymerization (638) and higher hydroxyl group content as compared to HC. The fiber length of RC was found to be 26.7% shorter; however, the width of RC was 21.2% higher as compared to HC. Reduced kinked fiber content was observed in the fraction of RC (18.3%) as compared with HC (39.1%), and a higher curl index of fiber was observed more so in HC (10.5%) than RC (5.6%). Because of the regeneration process, the fiber length was reduced and a fines element content of about 96% was observed in RC compared to the initial fines content of HC (56.9%). Irrespective of the high fines element content of RC, the composite paper of rice straw bleached pulp and RC fibers was developed with an increase in the tensile index from 41.4 N.m/g to 71.2 N.m/g and an increase in the burst index from 4.7 kPa.m2/g to 5.3 kPa.m2/g with the addition of 5% and 15% RC, respectively. However, enhanced tear index of paper was observed up to 5% and then it declined upon further addition of RC. The study revealed that regenerated cellulose can be used as a strength additive to overcome the shortcomings of low mechanical properties in paper products.
- Published
- 2021
19. Rethinking the paper cup — beginning with extrusion process optimization for compostability and recyclability
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Nicole Whiteman, Andrea Auchter, Michael Prue, and Andrew Christie
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Engineering ,business.product_category ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,General Chemical Engineering ,Media Technology ,General Materials Science ,Extrusion ,Process optimization ,General Chemistry ,Paper cup ,Process engineering ,business - Abstract
More than 50 billion disposable paper cups used for cold and hot beverages are sold within the United States each year. Most of the cups are coated with a thin layer of plastic — low density polyethylene (LDPE) — to prevent leaking and staining. While the paper in these cups is both recyclable and compostable, the LDPE coating is neither. In recycling a paper cup, the paper is separated from the plastic lining. The paper is sent to be recycled and the plastic lining is typically sent to landfill. In an industrial composting environment, the paper and lining can be composted together if the lining is made from compostable materials. Coating paper cups with a compostable performance material uniquely allows for used cups to be processed by either recycling or composting, thus creating multiple pathways for these products to flow through a circular economy. A segment of the paper converting industry frequently uses an extrusion grade of polylactic acid (PLA) for zero-waste venues and for municipalities with ordinances for local composting and food service items. The results among these early adopters reveal process inefficiencies that elevate manufacturing costs while increasing scrap and generally lowering output when using PLA for extrusion coating. NatureWorks and Sung An Machinery (SAM) North America researched the extrusion coating process utilizing the incumbent polymer (LDPE) and PLA. The trademarked Ingeo 1102 is a new, compostable, and bio-based PLA grade that is specifically designed for the extrusion coating process. The research team identified the optimum process parameters for new, dedicated PLA extrusion coating lines. The team also identified changes to existing LDPE extrusion lines that processors can make today to improve output. The key finding is that LDPE and PLA are significantly different polymers and that processing them on the same equipment without modification of systems and/or setpoints can be the root cause of inefficiencies. These polymers each have unique processing requirements with inverse responses. Fine tuning existing systems may improve over-all output for the biopolymer without capital investment, and this study showed an increase in line speed of 130% by making these adjustments. However, the researchers found that highest productivity can be achieved by specifying new systems for PLA. A line speed increase to more than 180% and a reduction in coat weight to 8.6 µm (10.6 g/m2 or 6.5 lb/3000 ft2) was achieved in this study. These results show that Ingeo 1102 could be used as a paper coating beyond cups.
- Published
- 2021
20. Sensors-on-paper: Fabrication of graphite thermal sensor arrays on cellulose paper for large area temperature mapping
- Author
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Rafiq Mulla and Charles W. Dunnill
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Q1-390 ,Science (General) ,Thermocouples ,Mechanical Engineering ,Graphite sensors ,Temperature mapping ,Biomedical Engineering ,Paper and pencil ,Low-cost ,Instrumentation ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,Thermal sensors - Abstract
This paper reports on a fabrication method to obtain multiple thermal sensors by employing an array of graphite thermocouple patterns on commonly available Xerox paper. The graphite thermocouples are patterned using two different grade graphite pencils, which show a stable and reproducible thermal sensitivity. The fabricated paper devices with multiple thermocouple arrays are capable of producing temperature mapping of the desired area. Different thermal conditions were applied to test and confirm the working of these devices. The present work shows that simple graphite trace patterns can convert a piece of paper into a thermal mapping device.
- Published
- 2022
21. A comparative analysis of interactional metadiscourse markers in the Introduction and Conclusion sections of mechanical and electrical engineering research papers
- Author
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Masoomeh Estaji and Roya Vafaeimehr
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Metadiscourse markers ,Interactional features ,Research papers ,Academic writing ,Mechanical engineering ,Electerical engineering ,Education (General) ,L7-991 ,Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar ,P101-410 - Abstract
Academic writing, particularly writing research articles, is an indispensable part of every major in higher education. Hyland (2004) argued that a valuable means of exploring academic writing, and comparing the rhetorical features and preferences of different discourse communities, is through the metadiscourse analysis of the text. The present study examines the differences in the use, type, and frequency of interactional metadiscourse markers in the introduction and conclusion sections of research papers across the two disciplines of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering. To this end, 42 research articles (21 Mechanical and 21 Electrical Engineering) written by English native speakers were randomly selected from two major international journals. The current study made use of Hyland’s (2005) model for analyzing the interactional metadiscourse markers used in the selected corpus, consisting of 41484 words. To analyze the data, the frequency, patterns of use, and type of interactional metadiscourse markers were elicited both through a manual corpus analysis and concordance package. Furthermore, to examine whether there is any significant difference in the use of metadiscourse markers in the introduction and conclusion sections of these papers, a Chi-square analysis was run. The results of the quantitative analysis revealed that although there were some minor differences in the frequency and type of these metadiscourse markers, there was no statistically significant difference across the disciplines, which can be attributed to the close nature of these fields. The findings of this study may render some pedagogical implications for ESP courses and especially writing research papers.
- Published
- 2015
22. Multi-scale model for time-dependent degradation of historic paper artefacts
- Author
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Parsa Sadr, A., Bosco, E., Suiker, A.S.J., and Applied Mechanics and Design
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Cellulose fibres ,Historic paper ,Mechanics of Materials ,Applied Mathematics ,Mechanical Engineering ,Modeling and Simulation ,SDG 13 – Klimaatactie ,SDG 13 - Climate Action ,General Materials Science ,Chemo-mechanical degradation ,Indoor climate conditions ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Asymptotic homogenization - Abstract
The degradation of paper is due to complex physical and chemical processes that occur as the paper ages, and is enhanced by environmental factors, such as the temperature and relative humidity, and by intrinsic parameters, such as the acidity of the paper. The literature reports that a large percentage of historic documents, manuscripts, and paper objects in museums, libraries and collections is susceptible to degradation phenomena, which may ultimately affect their integrity and longevity. This contribution presents a novel computational model to predict the degradation and lifetime of historic paper. The approach is based on: i) a multi-physics modelling framework, which considers the relevant chemical and mechanical degradation processes and the influence by the ambient environmental conditions, and ii) a multi-scale description, which includes the effect of the intrinsic hierarchical structure of paper, from the fibre- and fibrous network levels to the effective macro-scale, paper sheet level. The paper fibres constructing the fibrous network are characterized by an age-dependent, chemo-mechanical constitutive behaviour. In particular, an evolution equation describes the reduction of the degree of polymerization of cellulose as a function of time and the specific environmental conditions, which in turn is used for determining the fibre tensile strength. The fibre stresses induced by hygro-expansion and hygro-contraction under a change in relative humidity are computed using a coupled hygro-mechanical model, and lead to brittle damage once the fibre tensile strength is reached. Accordingly, the chemical degradation of individual fibres affects the local damage development and stress distribution in the fibrous network, and thereby governs the material response at the paper sheet scale. Asymptotic homogenization is used to calculate the effective hygro-mechanical properties of the fibrous network. A set of numerical simulations is performed to predict the time-dependent degradation of historic paper under a range of temperature, relative humidity and acidity conditions. From these results, isochrone degradation maps are constructed that illustrate the expected lifetime of historic paper as a function of the ambient climate conditions and the acidity of the paper. Further, a practical, analytical degradation function is derived that can be used for a fast estimation of the time-dependent stiffness degradation of paper. The outcome of this work may help conservators to determine the optimal indoor climate conditions in museums, archives and libraries for limiting or delaying time-dependent degradation of historic paper artefacts.
- Published
- 2022
23. Latest Paper Machine Clothing Development for Tissue and Toilet Papers
- Author
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Ulf Bengs, Clemens Stortelder, Tim Simpkin, and Koji Kawashima
- Subjects
Mechanical Engineering ,Media Technology ,General Materials Science ,General Chemistry - Published
- 2023
24. ANALYSIS OF LINE EFFICIENCY IN FINISHING DEPARTMENT PT PURA NUSAPERSADA UNIT PAPER MILL 7/8
- Author
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Wahyu Ani Maulidiyah Sari and Bambang Suhardi
- Subjects
business.industry ,Mechanical engineering ,Environmental science ,Paper mill ,Line (text file) ,business ,Unit (housing) - Abstract
Measuring line efficiency and productivity are very important to do to find out in which level the efficiency and productivity of the business process has been carried out by the company. This paper aims to determine line efficiency analysis and provide suggestions for improvements to increase line efficiency at the finishing department of PT Pura Nusapersada. Measurement of line efficiency in the finishing department of PT Pura Nusapersada paper mill unit 7 has not yet reached the company's line efficiency value target. The initial line efficiency assessment obtained a percentage of 65.14% while the company's target was 70%. In this paper, a fishbone diagram is used to determine the root cause of the problem. Based on the research results, it was found that the most dominant cause of the problem was the inefficient work elements at the cutter, sorting, pollar, and packing work stations. Improvements were made using the eliminate, combine, re-arrange, and simplify (ECRS) method and the results of the line efficiency improvements in the finishing department increased to 71.90% and the company's target can be met.
- Published
- 2021
25. High-strength reduced graphene oxide paper prepared by a simple and efficient method
- Author
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Wenzhong Yang, Liming Shen, Ningzhong Bao, Chengjie Weng, and Wen Li
- Subjects
Materials science ,Graphene ,Mechanical Engineering ,Oxide ,Graphite oxide ,Conductivity ,engineering.material ,Exfoliation joint ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Coating ,Mechanics of Materials ,law ,Ultimate tensile strength ,engineering ,General Materials Science ,Composite material ,Graphene oxide paper - Abstract
Excellent mechanical and electrical properties of graphene-based paper-like materials are essential for applications in flexible conductors, energy-storage devices, etc. The graphene oxide (GO) supernatant separated by centrifugation and ultrasonication has been used to prepare graphene oxide paper and reduced graphene oxide paper (rGOP) with high strength and conductivity. However, this method has cumbersome steps and low supernatant concentration, which greatly increases time and energy consumption, and is not suitable for rapid batch preparation of high-strength and high-thickness rGOP. Herein, a high-speed mechanical shearing method has been used to efficiently exfoliate graphite oxide suspension into high-concentration GO slurry with large lateral size, and rGOP has been further prepared by blade coating and HI acid chemical reduction. Compared with the product prepared by ultrasonic exfoliation method, the average area of GO sheets obtained via the mechanical shear exfoliation method can reach around 16.31 μm2. As a result, the mechanical properties and conductivity of the prepared rGOP have been increased by 30% and 23.5%, respectively, with the tensile strength and electrical conductivity of 478.2 MPa and 208.4 S/cm being obtained. The developed method is of great significance for the large-scale production and emerging applications of lightweight and high-performance rGOP.
- Published
- 2021
26. Peracetate/singlet oxygen chemistry used in post-bleaching of kraft pulp as a practical oxidant for paper machines
- Author
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Wayne Buschmann and Howard Kaplan
- Subjects
03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,chemistry ,Kraft process ,030202 anesthesiology ,Singlet oxygen ,Mechanical Engineering ,General Chemical Engineering ,Media Technology ,General Materials Science ,General Chemistry ,Pulp and paper industry - Abstract
The use of a novel sodium peracetate/singlet oxygen chemistry for brightening bleached kraft pulp shows exciting potential for technical performance, supply logistics, safety, and cost reduction. Potential chemical carryover to the paper machine raises questions about whether peracetate will impact paper machine performance, such as metal corrosion, useful press felt life, and interference with existing biocide programs or paper machine chemistry. Sodium peracetate/singlet oxygen chemistry can be used in high-density storage chests for brightening/whitening and to increase color stability. Any oxidant used directly before the paper machine has the possibility of impacting paper machine operations. Traditional oxidants used in bleaching, such as chlorine dioxide and hydrogen peroxide, are known to cause corrosion on machinery metals and press felts. Hydrogen peroxide residuals can interfere with common biocide programs. Traditional oxidants used in biocide treatments themselves significantly degrade press felt life when the rule-of-thumb concentration thresholds are exceeded. Sodium peracetate is evaluated in this paper for its impact on nylon press felt fiber degradation, metal corrosion, and interference with typical biocide programs. Laboratory results indicate that sodium peracetate/singlet oxygen chemistry is less corrosive than chlorine, bro-mine, and hydrogen peroxide on press felt nylon fiber and can therefore be used at higher levels than those chemistries to increase brightness without increasing negative downstream impact. Sodium peracetate can also be used with current biocide programs without negative impacts such as consumptive degradation. Higher residuals of per-acetate going to the paper machine may be useful as a biocide itself and can complement existing programs, allowing those programs to stay within their safe operating levels and thereby extend press felt useful life.
- Published
- 2021
27. Improving the strength of recycled liner for corrugated packaging by adding virgin fibres: Effect of refrigerated storage on paper properties
- Author
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Maria Luiza Otero D'Almeida, Renato Rodrigues Fioritti, Esteban Revilla, Juan C. Villar, Nuria Gómez, Comunidad de Madrid, Centro de Investigación Forestal (España), Villar, Juan Carlos, D'Almeida, Maria Luiza O., and Gómez, Nuria
- Subjects
Moisture content ,Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all ,Materials science ,Liner paper ,Paper strength properties and refrigerated conditions ,Mechanical Engineering ,Virgin fibres ,General Materials Science ,General Chemistry ,Composite material ,Water content ,Recycled paper - Abstract
10 Pág. Instituto de Ciencias Forestales (ICIFOR), The high humidity produced by the ripening of fruit and vegetables during refrigerated storage and transport leads to a noticeable loss of strength of corrugated board packaging. Increasing use of recycled fibres in the manufacture of corrugated board further reduces box compression strength. Adding virgin fibres to the furnish composition of liner paper could solve this problem. Various proportions of unbleached virgin eucalyptus and pine fibres were added to a recycled furnish used to manufacture liner paper for corrugated board. Laboratory sheets of each fibre blend were characterised by tensile, bursting and compressive strength. The change in the strength properties and moisture content of the sheets during refrigerated storage at 6°C and high relative humidity (90% RH) was also studied. The results showed that paper strength improved with the proportion of virgin fibres added. Pine fibres yielded higher increments than eucalyptus fibres in tensile and burst indices, whereas both fibres improved compression strength at a similar rate. After 4 h of exposure at refrigerated storage, the paper strength properties decreased considerably, in particular compression strength, which showed a loss of about 70% compared to the reference value. The percentage of strength lost compared to the value in standard conditions was influenced only by exposure time at low temperature and high RH. However, an increase in the amount of pine fibres added enhanced the remaining tensile and burst indices., The authors wish to thank the Madrid Regional Government for funding through project RETO PROSOST P2013-MAE2907 and theIPT support foundation (FIPT) for subsidising the training project of the researcher Renato Fioritti in Spain (INIA-CIFOR). They are also grateful to Purificación Pereira for her contribution to the experimental work
- Published
- 2021
28. Selected Papers from the International Symposium on Dynamic Response and Failure of Composite Materials, Draf2022
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Valentina Lopresto, Ilaria Papa, Antonello Astarita, and Michele Guida
- Subjects
Mechanics of Materials ,Mechanical Engineering ,General Materials Science - Published
- 2023
29. Preparation and characterization of a sustained-release antibacterial melamine-impregnated paper based on Ag-BTC
- Author
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Jinrong He, Yun Feng, Jinrui Jiang, Wei Qu, Yuzhang Wu, and Limin Peng
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Mechanics of Materials ,Mechanical Engineering ,General Materials Science - Published
- 2023
30. PAPER WITH ADDITION OF LICORICE CELLULOSE.
- Author
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Khalima, Babakhanova, Zulfiya, Galimova, and Madina, Babakhanova
- Subjects
LICORICE (Plant) ,CELLULOSE ,PRINTING paper ,MECHANICAL engineering ,OPACITY (Optics) ,PRINTING ink - Abstract
This study examines the possibility of using paper based on lint cellulose with addition of licorice cellulose for printing. The physical, mechanical and printing characteristics of paper, were studied towards this end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
31. Reversible Thermo-Responsive Valve for Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices
- Author
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Hiroki Toda, Wataru Iwasaki, Nobutomo Morita, Taisei Motomura, Kenshin Takemura, Masaya Nagano, Yoshitaka Nakanishi, and Yuta Nakashima
- Subjects
microfluidic paper-based analytical devices ,thermo-responsive polymer ,poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) ,valve ,plasma-induced graft polymerization ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Mechanical Engineering ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering - Abstract
Fluid control on a paper channel is necessary for analysis with multiple reagents, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs). In this study, a thermo-responsive valve was fabricated by polymerizing N-isopropylacrylamide on a PVDF porous membrane by plasma-induced graft polymerization. The polymerized membrane was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and it was confirmed that more pores were closed at temperatures below 32 °C and more pores were opened at temperatures above 32 °C. Valve permeability tests confirmed that the proposed polymerized membrane was impermeable to water and proteins at temperatures below 32 °C and permeable to water at temperatures above 32 °C. The valve could also be reversibly and repeatedly opened and closed by changing the temperature near 32 °C. These results suggest that plasma-induced graft polymerization may be used to produce thermo-responsive valves that can be opened and closed without subsequent loss of performance. These results indicate that the thermo-responsive valve fabricated by plasma-induced graft polymerization could potentially be applied to ELISA with µPADs.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Microfluidic Paper-Based Blood Plasma Separation Device as a Potential Tool for Timely Detection of Protein Biomarkers
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Francisco Burgos-Flórez, Alexander Rodríguez, Eliana Cervera, Marcio De Ávila, Marco Sanjuán, and Pedro J. Villalba
- Subjects
Control and Systems Engineering ,Mechanical Engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,microfluidics ,ELISA ,paper ,TBI biomarkers ,blood plasma separation - Abstract
A current challenge regarding microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPAD) for blood plasma separation (BPS) and electrochemical immunodetection of protein biomarkers is how to achieve a µPAD that yields enough plasma to retain the biomarker for affinity biosensing in a functionalized electrode system. This paper describes the development of a BPS µPAD to detect and quantify the S100B biomarker from peripheral whole blood. The device uses NaCl functionalized VF2 filter paper as a sample collection pad, an MF1 filter paper for plasma retention, and an optimized microfluidic channel geometry. An inverted light microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and image processing software were used for visualizing BPS efficiency. A design of experiments (DOE) assessed the device’s efficacy using an S100B ELISA Kit to measure clinically relevant S100B concentrations in plasma. The BPS device obtained 50 μL of plasma from 300 μL of whole blood after 3.5 min. The statistical correlation of S100B concentrations obtained using plasma from standard centrifugation and the BPS device was 0.98. The BPS device provides a simple manufacturing protocol, short fabrication time, and is capable of S100B detection using ELISA, making one step towards the integration of technologies aimed at low-cost POC testing of clinically relevant biomarkers.
- Published
- 2022
33. Solving the periodic coupled operator matrix equations via BCR iterative method and its application in periodic state feedback pole assignment
- Author
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Wang, Wenling and Song, Caiqin
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Retrieving the time-dependent blood perfusion coefficient in the thermal-wave model of bio-heat transfer
- Author
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Alosaimi, M. and Lesnic, D.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Enhancing structural analysis efficiency: a comprehensive review and experimental validation of advanced submodeling techniques, introducing the submodeling-density-shape-element removal (S-D-S-ER) method
- Author
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Teke, Ibrahim T. and Ertas, Ahmet H.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Prediction of multi-physics field distribution on gas turbine endwall using an optimized surrogate model with various deep learning frames
- Author
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Zhang, Weixin, Liu, Zhao, Song, Yu, Lu, Yixuan, and Feng, Zhenping
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Two-phase flow regime identification using multi-method feature extraction and explainable kernel Fisher discriminant analysis
- Author
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Khan, Umair, Pao, William, Pilario, Karl Ezra Salgado, Sallih, Nabihah, and Khan, Muhammad Rehan
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Permeability estimation for deformable porous media with convolutional neural network
- Author
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Shi, Kunpeng, Jin, Guodong, Yan, Weichao, and Xing, Huilin
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Aerodynamic performance increase over an A320 morphing wing in transonic regime by numerical simulation at high Reynolds number
- Author
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Abou Khalil, Jacques, Jiménez Navarro, César, El Jeaid, Rami, Marouf, Abderahmane, El Akoury, Rajaa, Hoarau, Yannick, Rouchon, Jean-François, and Braza, Marianna
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. A new exploration on passive control of transonic flow over a backward-facing step
- Author
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Shen, Xiang, Zeng, Kai, Yang, Liming, Zhu, Chengyong, and Dala, Laurent
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Research on aerodynamic characteristics of vehicle platoon under crosswind conditions based on Ahmed body
- Author
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Luo, Jianbin, Li, Mingsen, Mi, Ke, Liang, Zhida, Chen, Xiaofeng, Ye, Lei, Tie, Yuanhao, Xu, Song, Zhang, Haiguo, Chen, Guiguang, and Jiang, Chunmei
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. A priori tests of turbulence models for compressible flows
- Author
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Sciacovelli, Luca, Cannici, Aron, Passiatore, Donatella, and Cinnella, Paola
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Aeroballistic optimization of long-range guided ammunition
- Author
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Bagy, Simon, Libsig, Michel, Martinez, Bastien, and Masse, Baptiste
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Effect of composite textured rough surfaces on the lubrication performance of cylindrical roller bearings
- Author
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Deng, Linfeng, Su, Jie, and Jin, Zeyuan
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. The simulation of droplet impact on liquid film evaporation in horizontal falling film evaporator based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics
- Author
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Fan, Mengyao, Ma, Xiaojing, Li, Lin, Xiao, Xinpeng, and Cheng, Can
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Bifurcation analysis and control of an improved continuous traffic model considering weather effect
- Author
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Ai, Wenhuan, Lei, Zheng Qing, Danyang, Li, Zeng, Jingming, and Liu, Dawei
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. A new two-step iterative technique for efficiently solving absolute value equations
- Author
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Gul, Nisar, Chen, Haibo, Iqbal, Javed, and Shah, Rasool
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Balanced task allocation and motion planning of a multi-robot system under fuzzy time windows
- Author
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Xidias, Elias and Zacharia, Paraskevi
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Special Issue "Feature Review Papers in Mechanical Engineering".
- Author
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Renna, Paolo and Ambrico, Michele
- Subjects
MECHANICAL engineering ,FLEXIBLE manufacturing systems ,AEROSPACE engineering ,ROBOT programming ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,ENGINEERING design - Abstract
This document is a summary of a special issue in the journal Applied Sciences titled "Feature Review Papers in Mechanical Engineering." The issue covers various topics in mechanical engineering, including crank-slide actuating mechanisms, industrial robots, cellular manufacturing systems, shape memory alloys, and the application of Constructal theory. The articles explore the advancements, challenges, and potential solutions in these areas, aiming to enhance efficiency, adaptability, sustainability, and control in mechanical systems. The research presented in this special issue offers valuable insights and directions for further study in the field of mechanical engineering. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. An analytical approach to assess the interrelation of surface properties and softness of tissue paper
- Author
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J. REITBAUER, R. ECKHART, and W. BAUER
- Subjects
Mechanical Engineering ,General Chemical Engineering ,Media Technology ,General Materials Science ,General Chemistry - Abstract
The tissue industry constantly strives for improving the overall quality of tissue paper, as customers pay more attention to special quality features when it comes to a purchase decision between different products. As producers need to optimize their processes and furnish mixtures to keep production costs low, accurate and fast methods are crucial for characterization of important tissue properties. Here, we present a method for the characterization of the tissue surface regarding roughness and describe its relation to the tissue surface softness properties, based on a sample set of dry-creped bath tissue (DCT) with different amounts of softwood (SW), hardwood (HW), and nonwood pulp (NWP). The surface of tissue is complex and consists of several overlying structural features; thus, the optical non-contact measurement principle of focus variation was used to provide robust and reliable topographical surface information. Based on the obtained 3D data, areal surface analysis was performed to determine the surface roughness of the tissue samples, which is described by the developed interfacial areal ratio (Sdr) and the power spectral density (PSD). To determine the surface softness properties (TS7) of the tissue, a widely-used tissue softness analyzer (TSA) in the industry was employed. The surface softness (TS7) and the stiffness (D) parameters of this instrument were considered for surface and structural characterization. The results of the surface roughness (Sdr and PSD) and surface softness TS7 measurements show a good linear correlation, with higher surface roughness implying a higher TS7. The presented evaluation of these aspects of tissue softness allows an objective, fast, and accurate assessment of the relevant properties in addition to standard panel tests and is also applicable to other hygiene products.
- Published
- 2023
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