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Tamarind is widely consumed as fruit and spices in India. Tamarind contains pulp, seeds, shell and fibres. The pulp, which makes up between 30 and 50% of the mature fruit, is rich in reducing sugars, pectin, protein, fiber, and cellulose substances. Study of various physical engineering properties such as moisture content, fruit size, length, width, thickness, and weight (pulp, seed, shell, etc.) is important for designing the post-harvest machineries of tamarind. Major unit operations for processing of tamarind includes drying, dehulling, deseeding, pressing and storage. Traditional and mechanical approaches are used for these operations. Mechanical approaches of tamarind processing are carried out by dehuller and deseeder machinery. One of the crucial unit procedures in the processing of tamarind is deseeding which can be done by deseeder, mechanically. Processing of raw tamarind into value-added goods may increase its worth in addition to increase in shelf life. Additionally, it boosts the income of producers and processors. Value added products of tamarind are pulp, tamarind juice concentrate, tamarind pulp powder, tamarind pickle, tamarind jam, tamarind syrup, tamarind candy, tamarind kernel powder, dried fruit block, tamarind chutney and beverages. Tamarind is also rich in major amino acids phytochemicals and hence it carries the properties of antidiabetic, antibacterial, antivenomic, antioxidant. This paper provides an overview of the engineering properties, processing technologies, value added products, technologies and machineries developed/available for tamarind and its health benefits which will further help in machinery, protocol, technology and product design and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roads are one of the major contributing factors for the economic and social enhancement of any country. Its importance further increases if the economy of a country is based on agriculture. From the total land area of India, more than 20% is covered with soils having high swelling and shrinkage potential and low strength. Any type of construction over such soils will not last long due to subsidence and crack formation. So, in order to overcome such situations, some soil stabilization techniques have to be adopted, since removal and replacement will lead to heavy economic burden. This paper presents the effect of adding rice husk ash (RHA) and stone dust on various index and engineering properties of weak soil. Various doses of RHA (5, 10 and 20%) along with 6% cement and stone dust (10, 20, 30 and 40%) are used for stabilization. Tests are carried out to determine consistency limits, specific gravity, differential free swell, compaction characteristics and soaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR). Test results indicated significant reduction in swelling potential and improvement in CBR value of soil, thus decreasing the thickness requirement of pavement and saving costly base and sub-base aggregate materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes 5677 research publications that Haryana had contributed in the area of engineering science during the last ten years (2005-14). The publications data was sourced from Scopus International database. The findings reveal that Haryana achieved significantly faster growth rate in engineering science (22.59% CAGR) but witnessed low level citation impact of 4.40 citations per paper, contributed merely 20 highly cited papers, and accounted for very low share (9.79%) of international collaborative papers in its total output during 2005-14. Engineering field with 52.37% share dominated Haryana's publications output in engineering science whereas the other sub-fields (materials science, computer science, chemical engineering and energy) were distant cousins in engineering science. The top 20 most productive organizations output in Haryana had average productivity of 205.1, averaged 4.91 citations per paper, averaged h-index of 12.5, and averaged 8.68% share of international collaborative publications. The top 20 most productive authors with affiliations to Haryana had average productivity of 49.9, averaged 6.68 citations per paper, averaged h-index of 6.61, and averaged 6.51% share of international collaborative publications during 2005-14. The research papers contributed by Haryana are scattered thinly across journals given the fact that top 25 journals had accounted for as low share of 16.29%.of total output (5677) by the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses a comparative study of h and g indices of prominent scientists from India in five selected subject fields viz. Chemistry, Physics, Materials Science, Engineering and Medicine. It throws light on various indices proposed by different scientists from 2006 to 2015. The analysis of the present study is based on publications and citations data extracted from the Web of Science for the time span 1999-2014. It is evident from the study that almost all authors' g-index is higher than that of h-index. The average g/h of all subjects' authors is around 1.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]