Search

It was found that the exposure to low-temperature gas discharge plasma at atmospheric pressure is an effective way of paper cleaning from fungal spores. This effect is explained by the specific mechanisms of micro-discharges excitation and maintaining that ensure efficient (up to 90 %) reduction in the number of viable mould spores without local heating biopolymeric materials.

Ensembles of free standing particles of titanium, zinc, copper and iron oxides of 6-109 nm in size were sol-gel synthesized with a use of a cellulose paper as a template. The calcination time as short as 60 min at 550 °C in air was found to be sufficient for the formation of crystalline single phase TiO2 or ZnO nanoparticles, Cu2O+CuO or Fe2O3+Fe3O4 nanocomposites and to burn out the organic components. The impurities initially present in the cellulose (Сa, Na, Cl) were detected in the synthesized compounds. The original version of the paper was stolen by James Franklin and on-line published with the cut list of the authors in Journal of Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology 2017 without author permission.

Background. Modern technologies in the field of optics and photonics place high demands on the quality and output power of the radiation source. The fulfillment of these requirements can currently be achieved by creating multi-aperture laser systems with coherent beam addition. The main problem of creating such systems is the development of phase synthesis methods in a multichannel optical system. Aim. In this paper, we consider a phase synchronization method without a reference beam for a coherent addition system with active feedback, which is based on the Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm. This algorithm makes it possible to reconstruct complex field amplitudes in the aperture and focal planes from intensity distributions in these fields. The application of this algorithm for multichannel systems is analyzed and its features, such as the occurrence of stagnation and ambiguity of the solution, are revealed. Methods. Solutions are proposed to eliminate the problem of convergence of the algorithm to side solutions and getting the iterative procedure into the local extremum using global optimization algorithms, methods of reducing the dimension of the problem and the introduction of antisymmetric amplitude modulation. Results. The paper demonstrates the results of phase field reconstruction for a large number of optical sources. For a seven-aperture system, a physical simulation was performed to restore phase information, confirming the results of numerical modeling. Conclusion. The proposed approach is a reasonable alternative to currently existing methods and can be used in the problem of coherent addition in multichannel optical systems.

Background. Guiding properties of waveguiding structures with graphene are of great importance for various applications and have been studied in many papers. In all such studies, graphene was characterized, as a rule, by linear surface conductivity. However, if the intensity of an electromagnetic wave is large enough, the interaction of graphene with the electromagnetic wave becomes nonlinear; in this case, it is more correct to describe graphene by nonlinear conductivity. Aim. This work is aimed at studying the influence of cubic nonlinearity of graphene, corresponding to the so-called self-action effects (not affecting the frequency of the incident wave), on the propagation of TE- and TM-polarized waves in the structure, which is a plain dielectric layer covered on one side by graphene. Methods. In this study, the guiding properties of the waveguide are studied using primarily an analytical approach. Thus, from Maxwell's equations, material equations and boundary conditions, a couple of dispersion equations for TE-and TM-polarized waves is derived and then its solvability is studied. In addition, some numerical experiments are carried out in the study. Results. The dispersion equations of the studied waveguiding structure for TE- and TM-polarized waves are derived in explicit form. Studying analytically obtained equations, conditions for waveguide parameters are found, providing the existence of a given number of waveguide modes. In addition, some numerical results are obtained in the paper, which give an idea of the influence of nonlinear effects on the electromagnetic waves propagating in the structure. Conclusion. The results obtained in this paper reveal two effects related to the cubic nonlinearity of graphene. Firstly, in a plain dielectric layer with graphene coating in the strong nonlinear regime TE-waves with longer wavelength and TM-waves with shorter wavelength propagate compared to electromagnetic waves that propagate in the same structure in the linear regime. Secondly, the strong cubic nonlinearity leads to a greater localization of the electromagnetic wave within the waveguiding structure.

Introduction. Modern satellite communication systems continue to impose stricter requirements on the frequency response, weight, and size of filters. In this paper, several designs of bandpass filters with inductive couplings on corrugated waveguides are considered. Although such filters have been described previously, this paper considers their possible implementations based on narrow cross-section waveguides, as well as on structures with and without electric field symmetry.Aim. To study filters with inductive couplings with and without electric field symmetry, as well as to assess the filter stopband width and attenuation.Materials and methods. Numerical studies were carried out by the finite element method (FEM) and the method of final difference in the time domain (FDTD).Results. Modeling of filters with inductive couplings with and without electric field symmetry was carried out. Filters without electric field symmetry were found to exhibit higher characteristics in terms of weight and size, at the same time as having a narrower stopband. The conducted modeling also showed that filters with stubs of the same cross section allow stopband attenuation to be improved by almost 20 dB compared to filters with stubs of varied cross section. The frequency responses of filters with inductive couplings obtained by electrodynamic modeling were established to agree well with those obtained experimentally. A ten-order ultra-compact filter with inductive couplings without electric field symmetry was considered, with the bandwidth loss of not more than 0.7 dB, the attenuation of at least 80 dB in the frequency range from 7.9 to 8.4 GHz, and the filter length of 30 mm.Conclusion. The use of filters with inductive couplings allows their mass and dimension characteristics to be significantly improved without increasing losses in the bandwidth at the same time as maintaining a high level of attenuation in the stopband.

In this paper, the main radiative processes, for the first time, are considered within the framework of continuum physics, where the motion of charged particles occurs in a continuous resisting medium.Within the analysis, new characteristics of the interaction of ions with matter are introduced. The proposed formalism also uses some results of modern corpuscular theory. It allows giving a physically clear space-time description of the processes and phenomena analyzed in this paper. Further in this paper, the authors have estimated, with a high degree of accuracy, the ranges of ions in various materials; constructed their energy loss profiles; determined the mean free path and mean free time of the charged particles in matter, and proposed the formalism for analyzing the radiative change in the physical properties of solids. For the first time, the physical nature of the main characteristic of the radiation resistance of materials, i.e., the threshold displacement energy, has been studied in detail, and the formula for its calculation has been derived by the authors.

In this paper, we consider the negative simultaneous effect of fast relay fading in the channel and mutual frequency shifts of subcarriers between the transmitting and receiving sides of the channel, causing violation of orthogonality between the signals of individual subchannels of OFDM system. Violation of orthogonality is manifested in the appearance of mutual interference signal at the receiving end of the channel in each OFDM subchannel. The paper evaluates the joint effect of fast fading and frequency shifts on the magnitude of the transient interference between subchannels and investigates in sufficient detail the manifestation of transient interference between individual subchannels caused by orthogonality violations each of the two factors cited separately. In this paper, we consider the simultaneous effect of both factors and their influence on the value of the interchannel transient interference.

The article analyses related to the harmonisation of the accounting system trends in an accountant and auditor professions of in the context of economic processes' globalization and digitalisation, and the cardinal transformation of the fiscal authorities, tax regimes and government structures work. The purpose of this paper is to assess an accountant and auditor professions' transformation under the impact of the dynamically developing and actively implemented modern technological and multifunctional digital information systems in the accounting process. The authors consider the relationship between the trajectories of an accountant and auditor professions' transformation and the theoretical and methodological approach's modification to the development of the accounting system. That relationship will allow moving to a new stage in the functioning of the accounting and control system and an accountant and auditor professions, while maintaining their relevance in competition with modern information systems. The paper identifies trends in the development of blockchain technology in the accounting and control sphere and the possibility of its application at certain stages of the formation of accounting information. Blockchain technology is a reliable and transparent, efficient mean for exchanging information between economic entities, forming the instrumental basis for the development of transactional accounting. The authors conclude that educational processes need to be adjusted taking an accountant and auditor professions' transformation, identify trajectories for restructuring the profession, and suggest appropriate new competencies, skills and ways of solving problems.

The paper presents research and review articles published between 2014 and 2023 on the use of cloud technologies and blockchain for smart agriculture development in Russia, China and the Republic of Belarus. The main directions of modern agriculture digitalization have been listed. The comparison of technical progress of agriculture in Russia and neighboring European countries (Poland and Latvia) has been carried out. The survey results show that in Russia advanced developments consider soil-climatic and agro-technological peculiarities of the territory, cloud technology providers and own data processing centers are being developed. Some practical systems are not unified, computing resources are geographically distributed, and less than 8–10 % of farms in Russia use digital platforms. Promising research directions of modern technologies and their application in agriculture have been described. The article studies information technologies used in intelligent agriculture based on cloud computing and blockchain. Intelligent agriculture is characterized by large amounts of data. Data transmission and analysis in such information system are based on cloud technologies. Agro-production processes are linked to other parts of the value chain in complex, highly automated production, and logistics chains involving wholesalers, retailers, logistics, agricultural producers, and their suppliers. Such chains can reduce food costs and retail prices, as well as the need for production and distribution capacity. Supply and value chains digitalization and digital platforms development that connect participants in the agroecosystem are driving the use of blockchain.

Introduction. This paper investigates a transmission system based on FBMC/OQAM multiplexing. This system is characterized by a high spectral efficiency, thereby attracting interest as an alternative transmission method in future wireless mobile communication standards. However, a disadvantage of the system is the high complexity of signal processing. There are numerous publications that study the FBMC/OQAM system from a theoretical perspective. This paper presents an experimental study of a transmission system based on FBMC/OQAM.Aim. Verification of a transmission system based on FBMC/OQAM multiplexing in a wireless channel.Materials and methods. Computer simulation modeling in Matlab and experimental research using Keysight and Rohde & Schwarz certified measuring instruments.Results. A model of synthesis and signal processing was developed, and a frame structure was proposed. The processing included synchronization, since the study was carried out in a wireless double-dispersive channel. Time synchronization was provided by the method of time-domain correlation. A preamble consisting of two symbols was used for CFO compensation. Channel estimation in FBMC/OQAM was conducted by pilot symbols spread over the time-frequency domain, a method with an auxiliary pilot to compensate for intrinsic interference, as well as Zero Forcing and a linear interpolator. As a result, dependences of the bit error rate on the Eb/N0 in various channels were obtained. An error rate of 10−4 was achieved under the Eb/N0 equal to 13.4 dB, 15.3 dB and 20.9 dB in the first, second and third channel, respectively.Conclusion. A FBMC/OQAM-based transmission system with a linear equalizer can operate without a cyclic prefix in a multipath wireless channel, providing comparable noise immunity to OFDM-CP. Long frames should be used to obtain greater spectral efficiency, due to the presence of a transition zone at the beginning and end of the FBMC/OQAM frame.

Introduction. The development of telemedicine systems intended to remotely monitor the health status of patients constitutes one of the most promising areas of contemporary science. Particularly relevant is the use of such systems to track the health of surgically treated patients. Since such patients are mobile, sensors measuring vital signs should not cause any discomfort in regular use. Thus, wearable smart trackers can be used for these purposes.Aim. The paper aims to study the possibility of using smart trackers in a telemedicine system for monitoring patient health.Materials and methods. In the study, a series of measurements was performed using GSMIN WR 41 smart bracelets in order to estimate their accuracy when measuring pulse, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation for different research subjects at rest and during intense physical exercises. In addition, the average measurement interval of the smart bracelet was determined; the operation of the smart bracelet in the telemedicine system for monitoring vital signs was considered.Results. The studies show that an average error in the measurement of vital signs (except for systolic pressure) using the smart bracelet does not exceed 10 %. In order to avoid the high error in measuring systolic pressure, an algorithm for assessing the general health of patients was developed. In addition, it is shown that the smart bracelet can detect an abrupt change in the vital signs of patients, with the average time of their measurement and data transmission to the server of the telemedicine system coming to 45 seconds.Conclusion. The study results indicate that smart bracelets can be used to remotely monitor the health of patients in real-time. These findings are confirmed by the telemedicine system designed on the basis of the smart bracelets considered in the paper.

Introduction. X-ray inspection plays a unique role among all nondestructive testing methods for products and materials due to sufficiently high resolution and high penetrability. The present study is designed to consider the key features of microfocus X-ray sources, their areas of application, and main technical characteristics.Aim. The paper aims to systematize information and review modern X-ray radiation sources for the implementation of microfocus radiography.Materials and methods. The main designs of microfocus X-ray tubes (soldered and demountable) were considered relying on the experience of the St Petersburg State Electrotechnical University in developing and operating such equipment, as well as the experience and open-access publications of foreign researchers and developers. Data collected by leading research teams over the last ten years were analyzed.Results. The paper presents design features for each main type of microfocus X-ray tubes – soldered and demountable. All key structural elements are considered: an anode assembly, a cathode assembly, and a focusing system. The influence of anode target material on the X-ray tube radiation spectrum is shown. An original design of a liquid-anode microfocus X-ray tube is described to demonstrate its key features and advantages. In addition, the paper gives an overview of cathodes used in microfocus X-ray tubes (tungsten cathode and lanthanum hexaboride cathode), as well as providing a detailed description of calculations performed for focusing systems. Finally, the designs of modern X-ray tubes are presented.Conclusion. Modern X-ray tubes are high-tech products that allow for high-resolution research of various objects. The main advantage of testing performed with the use of X-ray tubes consists in high resolution (micron and submicron). The X-ray images of test objects used to determine their spatial resolution are given, which clearly illustrate the vast possibilities of this technology. In addition, ways to improve microfocus X-ray tubes are briefly discussed. The considered materials can be useful in selecting a nondestructive testing tool, as well as in developing and creating X-ray systems on the basis of microfocus X-ray tubes.

International organizations in their reviews repeatedly state the possibility of using digital platform technologies for the development of the financial ecosystem (technology-centric and banking platforms). The article considers new platform and management approaches to FinTech projects. The paper analyses the reviews of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank in the development of FinTech and SupTech (smart digital financial control/supervision) directions. The author studies the financial and legal risks associated with the implementation of platform solutions.The paper carries out a brief analysis of the concept of digital money as one of the solutions of FinTech projects. The study considers various types of SupTech: the implementation of neuro-linguistic programming, monitoring of the Internet including social networks, information technology solutions for the formation of operational reporting of supervised organizations. The author considers the case of monopolies of the digital platform of a separate Internet company (antitrust case).Smart control in the digital-financial ecosystem can become a solution to the risk factors associated with the processes of digitalization of the financial sphere. It implies the creation of a digital platform that provides synchronization with the databases of state authorities, creates conditions for the user to communicate with the system operator in real time, a base for cooperation with the digital platforms of other Internet companies.

The article considers the organization and management of the processes of digitalization of libraries. The authors give their definition of the concept of a digital library. The paper reviews the advantages of the introduction of information and communication technologies in modern libraries, the demand for innovative digital library platforms from users. The study formulates frequent problems associated with the use of digital innovations, among which are the difficulties of managing electronic library systems. The authors note the lack of compatibility of the functionality of different platforms, which makes it difficult to transfer and adapt them from one library to another, as well as the difficulties of collecting statistics on the attendance of electronic libraries, available to both operators and users.The research paper raises the question about the development of a single standard of statistics for modern digital libraries. The study notes the necessity of creating user-friendly and understandable interfaces in electronic library applications. The problems of financing the services of digital libraries, library personnel, copyright compliance and dissemination of information about the activities of modern libraries as educational and leisure cultural centers are relevant. The authors point to the rethinking of traditional approaches to library management and the work of librarians as one of the most important tasks of organizing library systems.

The article reveals the main ethical problems and contradictions associated with the use of artificial intelligence. The paper reveals the concept of “artificial intelligence”. The authors analyse two areas of ethical problems of artificial intelligence: fundamental ideas about the ethics of artificial intelligent systems and the creation of ethical norms.The paper investigates the work of world organizations on the development of ethical standards for the use of artificial intelligence: the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and UNESCO. The study analyses the main difficulties in the implementation of artificial intelligent systems: the attitude of employees to the use of robots in production activities and the automation of processes that affect their work functions and work organization; ethical issues related to retraining and re-certification of employees in connection with the introduction of new software products and robots; ethical issues in reducing staff as a result of the introduction of artificial intelligence and automation of production and business processes; ethical problems of the processing of personal data of employees, including assessments of their psychological and physical condition, personal qualities and character traits, values and beliefs by specialized programs based on artificial intelligence, as well as tracking the work of employees; ethical contradictions when using special devices and tracking technologies in robotic technology and modern software products, which also extend to the employees interacting with them.

A comprehensive study of digitalization is of fundamental importance for the development of the national economic system – an assessment of the features of the development of the digital economy in the regions of the Russian Federation. In order to identify the competitiveness of Russian Federation in terms of digitalization, the authors performed international comparisons on the values of various digitalization indices. In order to study the level of development of the digital economy in the regional context, the authors formed a system of indicators. The article highlights groups of indicators that characterize the readiness of the population, organizations, and public administration. The paper gives the characteristics of the fluctuation of the values of indicators that characterize the level of development of the digital economy in the subjects. According to the results of comparing the indicators that characterize the readiness for the digital economy in the federal districts in 2018 with the average Russian value, the authors identified the leading and lagging federal districts. The study performed the ranking of federal districts according to the values of indicators characterizing the development of the digital economy, as a result of which, received conclusions regarding the uniformity of the development of the considered components of the digital economy. The paper systematizes recommendations for the implementation of multidimensional groupings of regions both in individual areas and in the entire set of indicators proposed for analysis. Based on the results of grouping by the method of cluster analysis, the authors formulate key conclusions for groups of subjects of the Russian Federation.The analysis made it possible to see not only the differentiation of the subjects of Russian Federation in terms of the level of development of the digital economy, but also the “weak points” of digitalization in different regions. The results obtained in the study can be useful for statisticians and economists when conducting research on the degree of informatization of the population and the economy both in the country as a whole and in its territories.

The article provides a brief overview of the emergence of the legal market of online cinemas in Russia. The paper reveals that the Governments of many countries have a national policy that is aimed at maintaining internal programming on traditional video platforms. Such policies range from licensing, which requires serving the “public interest” and defines rules for the distribution of certain types of content produced domestically, to requiring content distributors to contribute to the financing of the production of domestic content. The authors investigate that during the implementation of these rules, the Russian government decided on the allocation of limited resources. There was also regulation on whether platforms can solely decide what content to offer their users, or whether viewers should also participate directly. The study concludes that the transition from traditional platforms to online distribution can reduce the effectiveness of existing regulatory regimes and deprive traditional platforms of audience and revenue.The world and Russian experiences of using the Internet prove that today modern information and telecommunications technologies can contain real threats to the violation of fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens, as well as to question the security of society and the state. The only exceptions are progressive or innovative areas related to the provision of new services and the expansion of opportunities for socio-economic development.As a result of the study, the paper identified four problems of Russian film distribution on digital platforms. The authors chose piracy as the first problem of online cinemas. Pirate sites not only illegally copy content from online movie theaters, but they also create copies of their own services to transfer their servers to another platform in case of blocking. The second problem was highlighted by the requirement for foreign owners. The third problem was highlighted by the high cost of online movie theater subscriptions. The authors consider the fourth problem the lack of financial support from the state.

The article presents a brief overview of digital risks, since their management is an integral part of business management. Digital transformation opens up incredible opportunities for both organizational growth and value creation. However, none of these opportunities can be realized without taking into account the associated risks. An increasing number of organizations are becoming vulnerable to certain types of digital threats. Risk management is critical to the sustainability of an organizations, and understanding risk areas is critical to identifying and eliminating all the risks that an organization may be exposed to in a digital environment. For effective management of digital risks, the authors highlight those their areas that seem to be the most significant.The paper emphasizes three approaches to mitigating digital risks: tactical, operational and strategic. When studying the main areas of the emergence of digital risks in an organization, the authors concluded that it is necessary to develop a universal approach to creating an effective risk management mechanism in the digital environment. Within this approach, the article formulated the main stages of digital risk management.As an effective toolkit in managing digital risks of an organization, the paper proposes to use a transversal approach, that is, the organization of such connections, interaction and cooperation between individual employees and divisions of the organization, which allow you to effectively implement processes associated with risk identification, their analysis, and decision-making aimed at minimization of possible negative consequences of already occurred risk events. At the same time, effective management of digital transformations to ensure cross-functional synergy presupposes the elimination of risks arising from interdependent processes. The study also proposes to develop a digital risk management strategy based on a transversal approach in integration with the digitalization strategy already being implemented in the organization. This approach will allow the organization to feel more confident in the future when implementing and using innovative technologies to solve the problems it faces.

Background. The different sensors and global navigation satellite system are used for positioning unmanned aerial vehicles. But in case of short-term signal loss and increasing positioning accuracy, additional methods for estimating coordinates are used. Aim. The paper deals with positioning methods for unmanned aerial vehicles based on range estimation to base stations. Methods. The positioning methods were investigated by mathematical modeling in Uma scenario. Results. The methods of coordinate estimation of unmanned aerial vehicles was analyzed. The accuracy of measurements and computational complexity in an urban scenario with different numbers of base stations were investigated by mathematical model. Conclusion. The analysis shown that the standard deviation of the coordinate estimation is about 1 m.

In this paper, two different receiver structures to multiuser detection that are appropriate for the code-division multiple-access systems with antenna arrays in fading channels are investigated and compared. We analyze and compare the performance of the two different multiuser detection structures for uplink or downlink channels. The number of elements of receiving antenna array may be limited in the downlink channel due to the small size of receivers. We assume a synchronous system, but it can be easily extended to an asynchronous system. The first approach is based on the distributed decorrelator where the signal decorrelation is performed by each receiving antenna element independently and decorrelated outputs are combined according to the maximum ratio. The second approach is the central decorrelator where the signal decorrelation is performed once collectively on the outputs from all elements of receiving antenna array. Both decorrelators provide the same performance in the additive white Gaussian noise channels. The distributed decorrelator provides the better performance in flat fading channels. We employ the decorrelator to demonstrate our results. The results discussed in the present paper can be extended to other configurations such as the blind adaptive space-time multiuser detection.

In modern systems of radiolocation, navigation and communication, the requirements for antennas are becoming higher requirements every year, namely: operation in a wide frequency range, the ability to change of direction of the main lobe of the radiation pattern. Antenna systems with similar characteristics can be built using dielectric antenna beamforming structures. One of these structures is the Luneberg lens, the peculiarity of which is its spherical symmetry. However, the curved surface of this lens significantly complicates the placement of transmitting and receiving elements along it, which increases the complexity of constructing the entire antenna system. This paper proposes an algorithm for constructing a Luneberg lens with a flat surface. The lens was synthesized using the method of quasi-conformal optical transformations, the mathematical algorithm of which is also described in this work. The paper also presents the results of mathematical modeling of the antenna system using a Luneberg lens with a flat surface at different positions of the emitter relative to the center of the lens, as well as different cut angles. The simulation results show that the synthesized lens can be used to construct a multi-beam antenna system that allows the direction of the main lobe of the antenna radiation pattern to be rearranged over a wide range of angles. However, the scanning angles of this system are limited by the lens geometry, the larger the maximum scanning angle we choose, the more significant the influence of the side lobes on the radiation pattern becomes.

The article considers the possibilities of developing marketing interaction of higher education organizations with stakeholders using digital marketing tools and technologies. The study presents an overview of the University stakeholder groups in Russia and their classification according to the quadrants of influence. The author provides the tools and means of digital marketing communications in the context of stakeholder groups and the prospects for their use for organizing marketing communicative interaction of the University. The paper studies in detail the possibilities of developing marketing interaction between the university and students on the basis of modeling the student’s experience on the path of his movement from the applicant to the graduate.The presented student experience includes six main stages, including the search for a University for admission; submission of documents and enrollment; educational and extracurricular activities; graduation and graduation; employment; career development. The author highlights within each stage of the student’s experience the main points of contact with the University. The paper presents opportunities for the development of marketing interaction between the University and students through the introduction of digital tools and marketing technologies, as well as their impact on the student experience model.The article considers the possibility of developing software services as promising digital tools and technologies for use in higher education organizations, including the functional requirements for such services at the level of user requirements, including the applicant and student, as well asthe possibilities of digital marketing communications with students, including both online and offline communications.Based on the study, the author makes a conclusion about the main advantages of the development of digital tools and marketing technologies in organizing marketing interaction between the University and students, as one of the key groups of stakeholders.

Implementation of the task of creating a digital platform for a full-featured system of information and analytical support for public administration at the federal, regional and municipal levels, requires a lot of resources and serious expertise.In this regard, the subject of the study was the experience and trends in the construction and operation of digital platforms for state and public administration. The aim of the paper was to summarize the international practice of creating, operating and developing digital public administration platforms. As part of the study, the authors carry out a systematic, content and comparative analysis of various sources: regulatory documents, scientific papers, analytical materials of a number of international organizations, etc.The article presents the results of a study of world experience in the application of various tools to support e-government and support digital governance platforms. The authors describe global trends in the use of information and communication technologies to support public administration. The paper presents a list of general principles for the operation of digital platforms, gives the results of the analysis on the compliance with these principles of the state digital platform of the European Union, highlights its distinctive properties.The article forms proposals and development directions, based on the results and available studies on the development and promotion of digital management platforms, that can help accelerate the spread of digital transformation of public administration in the Russian Federation. The results of the study can be applied to identify the potential of the existing platform, its strengths and weaknesses, including in the context of the possibilities of developing the process of digital transformation of governance, as well as effectively moving towards the formation of the digital platform of public administration in the Russian Federation.

The article analyses the general problems of implementing BIM technologies in the construction industry of the Russian Federation. The paper determines the influence of the concept of scientific and technological progress on the development of information modeling in construction. The author reflects the concept of BIM modeling in the economic sphere. The study considers the stages of implementation and problems of adoption of innovative technologies in construction. The author suggests ways out of the current practice of organizing mutual relations between participants in the construction process.The article considers the fundamental and key aspects of the processes of domestic development of information design programs in the construction sector and in the Russian economy as a whole. The paper reflects the influence of foreign initiative and foreign funding in the functionality of information design software utilities. The study reflects the impact of the introduction of information BIM technologies in the construction processes at various stages of the investment project development: from development and design to commissioning, subsequent use and, if necessary, demolition of the object. The author presents arguments that justify the need to develop BIM modeling in the construction processes in Russia.The paper gives a modern interpretation of the concept of information modeling in construction on the territory of the Russian Federation. The author supposes that it is not necessary to introduce information BIM modeling in Russia at all acceptable scales (volumes) of its technological development abroad. The article presents the main activities that contribute to the development of progress in the implementation of BIM technologies on the territory of Russia in the construction sector and in general in the domestic business. The study considers and systematizes the goals and objectives of digitalization of the economy, including in construction. The paper discusses design functions in construction, promising variations of improving the quality of construction projects and reducing the level of risks and costs of the project.

Introduction. A wireless communication system based on a relay network where a link between a source and a destination is carried out through a network of relay nodes have been considered. Relay networks operate according with amplifier-and-forward protocol where each relay node performs reception, amplifying, phase shifting and retranslation of a signal to the destination node. As a result a task of powers and phases optimization in the relay nodes (i.e. the complex weighted coefficients optimization) becomes actual. Complex weighted coefficients of the relay nodes are optimized in such a way as to ensure the maximum signal to noise ratio at the receiver while limiting a power emitted by the relay nodes. In the paper, optimization of spatial processing with different a priori channel state information (i.e. instantaneous channel state information and the second order statistics) have been considered.Aim. Spectral efficiency analysis of a relay network in a multipath channel where the relay network was optimized by using of two types a priori information: an instantaneous channel state information and second order statistics.Materials and methods. Optimization of spatial signal processing in the relay network was based on methods of statistical theory and optimization using analytics of linear algebra and methods of mathematical programming. Performances of the relay network were analyzed using Monte Carlo simulation. The simulation was performed in MATLAB program environment using CVX toolbox for solving convex optimization task.Results. In the paper optimal solutions for spatial signal processing in the relay network were presented. The solutions were based on maximum of signal to noise ratio while limiting total relay power and individual power of relay nodes. Monte Carlo simulation was performed to provide performances of the relay network for different types of channel state information and channel parameters. Mean capacities versus mean source power, a budget of relay nodes power and a ratio between random and deterministic power of the channel were gained for the Rayleigh model of multipath channel.Conclusions. The results have a practical application. Thus, the use of the second order statistics is possible in relay networks when direct visibility with a low level of background from local objects is provided. In urban areas, where shading and multipath propagation of signals occur, it is possible to use only an approach based on the knowledge of channel instantaneous state.

The purpose of this paper is to develop a method to enhance reliability of vibrational diagnosing of variable-speed industrial equipment. A dataset of vibration acceleration signals, picked up at the variablespeed test stand, has been obtained. Preliminary splitting of a vibration signal into three frequency ranges has been proved to be necessary. Vibration power dependencies on the main shaft speed have been estimated in different frequency ranges. The paper proposes an algorithm compensating variations of instantaneous power of vibration signal where equipment operation speed varies. It is based on the use of empirical dependencies of vibration signal power on shaft speed, which were derived by ensemble averaging of preliminarily split signals. A root mean square (RMS) value calculated in a sliding window is used to estimate variation of signal power. For signals within each frequency range, ensemble-averaged relative power variation produced by speed deviation is to be estimated. Instantaneous values of signals in each frequency range are to be divided by relations estimated as above. Thus, only power variations caused by variable speed are compensated. Variations caused by defect evolution are preserved. The resulting signal to be further analysed is derived by summation of processed signals in three frequency ranges. Power variation compensation decreases dispersion of parameters of signal that are used for estimation of equipment state. Preliminary compensation of vibration power variation caused by variable operation speed has proved to be effective for improving vibrational diagnostic system results. The proposed algorithm was validated on such statistical parameters of vibration as RMS and peak-factor of vibration signal.

In modern microwave electronics, it is extremely important to evaluate the possibility of efficient generation of highly stable oscillation modes and the creation of low-noise generators with a millimeter wavelength range. The purpose of the research was to determine the type of wave for the most effective modes of oscillation and to ensure the operation of various modes in the mode of mutual synchronization, which becomes possible because the real design of generators can include a number of reactive elements that form a number of resonant frequencies in the microwave range. This paper shows how it is possible to provide conditions for generation at a particular frequency and simultaneously obtain high stability of vibrations. The main research methods were: analysis and generalization of literature data and results of our own research on the peculiarities of oscillation generation in a multi-circuit system of a Gann diode generator and conditions under which high frequency stability is established; experimental studies using microwave spectrum analyzers, microwave devices. In this paper, the possible generation frequencies are calculated, the operation modes of the diode generator are studied, and their phase noise is experimentally measured. It is shown that when the generation frequency approaches the cut-off frequency of the waveguide with the help of structural elements or by changing the supply voltage, a mode of mutual synchronization of vibrations at high harmonics occurs using the H102 wave type in a very narrow range of frequency (phase) noise. A generator with a multicircuit resonant system was experimentally studied and a small amount of phase noise was obtained for both types of H101 and H102 waves. At the same time, the best parameters and noise characteristics occurred at the lowest types of vibration types. These results have an experimental novelty, which allows us to hope for the development of constructive solutions that provide the creation of highly stable low-noise generators of millimeter wavelength range with the minimum mass dimensional parameters.

The paper considers a hypothesis concerned the possible influence of electromagnetic pollution of the environment on the lethality rate of the population from coronavirus infection, along with other factors. The hypothesis is indirectly confirmed by the correlation between the degree of rigidity of hygienic regulations of radio frequency electromagnetic background levels for the population, which are mainly created by mobile (cellular) communication systems, and the lethality rate from COVID-19 in various countries. A special measures to ensure the safety of rapid development of technologies, systems and services for mobile communications of the fourth (4G), fifth (5G), and, by 2030, the sixth (6G) generation, associated with an increase by several orders of magnitude in the number of radiating devices, the data transmission rates over radio frequency channels and the area capacity of mobile traffic, are discussed. For quantitative analysis of these processes, a practical method of worst-case estimation of electromagnetic background level generated by these systems has been developed, verified using the results of numerous measurements of the electromagnetic background in various countries, and described in this paper. This technique is based on the use of the integrated system characteristics of wireless information services and makes it possible to justify the necessary system, technical and managerial solutions aimed at ensuring the necessary level of electromagnetic ecology of populous areas and electromagnetic safety of people in conditions of rapid advancement of 4G/5G/6G systems without affecting the quality of informational support of the population and information technologies in economy, education, healthcare and other sectors.

The present paper consists of two parts. In the first part, the issues of communication between government and business entities have been considered. The role of the communication for the modern society development has been assessed. Implementation of concepts of open government, public participation and corporate governance are the requirements to the governments who would like to “keep in touch” with business entities. In many countries, cooperation, awareness and continuous interaction not only with citizens, but also with business entities became important factors of changes in the system of management, especially in the government information policy. In such countries, a shift is observed of regulatory function toward more open and more interactive interaction. Business entities have a real chance now to influence the improvement and development of public policy and management system. The publications on this subject mainly those published abroad, have been analysed. A particular emphasis is on the characteristics of communication channels: reliability, speed and effectiveness (efficiency). In the second part of the paper, the issues of creation of “digital government”, as well as special aspects of creation of “digital government” in developing countries have been considered, although in many ways the processes of “digitalization” of government organs are characteristic for the developed countries as well. It has been noted, that the implementation of digital information technologies and digital communications in the public sector organization would have a favorable impact on the way the public services are provided. With proper implementation, the digital government may decrease the cost of provision of public services and establish conditions for better contacts with citizens, especially in distant and less populated regions. Digital government can also influence the creation of better transparency and accountability of the decisions made, stimulate the development of local digital culture and promote the development of democracy. To determine the efficiency of any particular act of communication the concept of “communicative result” is introduced. The cultural dependence of the communication result has been noticed.

The main objective in this paper is to analyze the impact of cross-cultural communication on increasing business profitability. In order to do that, the research is based on three main concepts: cross-cultural skills, which are considered in our study one the most strategical tools for companies’ success, concerning both the profitability and the image of any company. Cross-cultural communication, as stated by the anthropologist Edward Hall in his book The Hidden Dimension. Hall is most associated with proxemics, the study of the human use of space within the context of culture. Bearing in mind Hall’s considerations, the paper emphasized the need and importance of cross-cultural education for employees, as long as the goal of the companies is to position themselves internationally. Intercultural communication. Hall’s ideas have also had a significant impact in communication theory, especially intercultural communication, where it inspired research on spatial perception that continues to this day. In the digital economy, there are different indicators for measuring the level of cross-cultural skills within a company: a financial indicator such as return on sales has an important role. Sales play a fundamental role in the activities of any company and they are causally related to the cross-cultural skills of employees and entrepreneurs concerning company’s management. Business management style as well as the type of cross-cultural communication existing in the company will determine the international position of any company. Communication and cross-cultural skills contribute to a positive image of the company, since these are skills pointing out at companies with multilingual staff, with personal and professional experience living and working in different countries, experts on using innovative technologies, characteristics which will strongly impact on final profitability results. The paper concludes focusing on the importance for all the international companies to invest in the concept of intercultural communication and cross-cultural skills as a way of behaving in business, since these skills will reward them with increasing ratios of business profitability in international markets.

Subject and Purpose. Peculiarities of the electromagnetic wave scattering at screens perforated by U-shaped slots are the subject of the paper. Numerical modeling of frequency-selective surfaces with frequency characteristics given and research into the possibilities of the performance control of the screens by complicating their elementary cell geometry are the purposes of the paper. Method and Methodology. The numerical modeling is performed upon the MWD3 software package developed in the laboratory of computational electromagnetics of the IRE NASU. Based on the scattering mode technique and the mode-matching technique taking into account the electromagnetic field behavior near the edges, this software package enables calculations of scattering characteristics of both compound waveguides and gratings with piece-wise boundaries. Results. A virtual waveguide was incorporated into the MWD3 projection schemes, extending capabilities of the MWD3 software and making it possible to treat the frequency-selective surfaces with piece-wise boundaries without adding new building blocks. Numerical modeling of perforated screens with U-shaped slots was carried out. Conclusion. Configurations of single and double metal screens and, also, a compound grating formed by two screens separated by a dielectric layer were calculated in full agreement with the given task. The perforated screens provide essential reflectivity decrease at low frequencies and, also, a low insertion loss level in the given millimeter wave region. The obtained results can be of interest for specialists in antenna-feeder engineering and for MWD3 software users.

This paper suggests an approach to the semantic image analysis for application in computer vision systems. The aim of the work is to develop a method for automatically construction of a semantic model, that formalizes the spatial relationships between objects in the image and research thereof. A distinctive feature of this model is the detection of salient objects, due to which the construction algorithm analyzes significantly less relations between objects, which can greatly reduce the image processing time and the amount of resources spent for processing. Attention is paid to the selection of a neural network algorithm for object detection in an image, as a preliminary stage of model construction. Experiments were conducted on test datasets provided by Visual Genome database, developed by researchers from Stanford University to evaluate object detection algorithms, image captioning models, and other relevant image analysis tasks. When assessing the performance of the model, the accuracy of spatial relations recognition was evaluated. Further, the experiments on resulting model interpretation were conducted, namely image annotation, i.e. generating a textual description of the image content. The experimental results were compared with similar results obtained by means of the algorithm based on neural networks algorithm on the same dataset by other researchers, as well as by the author of this paper earlier. Up to 60 % improvement in image captioning quality (according to the METEOR metric) compared with neural network methods has been shown. In addition, the use of this model allows partial cleansing and normalization of data for training neural network architectures, which are widely used in image analysis among others. The prospects of using this technique in situational monitoring are considered. The disadvantages of this approach are some simplifications in the construction of the model, which will be taken into account in the further development of the model.

Introduction. The advent of spin oriented electronics, or spintronics, in the late 1980ies has not only revolutionised the very idea of contemporary electronics but has also brought about a major technological breakthrough in the field of information storage and processing. Further progress is associated with the rapidly emerging field of spinorbitronics seeking to put to maximum use the SOC (Spin-Orbit Coupling) related phenomena.Aim. The purpose of this review paper is to outline the major trends in the dynamically developing field of spinorbitronics in the context of evolution of the mainstream spintronics. SOC related effects open up the possibility of creation of a new generation of energy saving devices, a key challenge in electronics in general.Materials and methods. A special effort has been undertaken to make the article appealing to the general reader, especially to specialists in the field of radioelectronics and data processing. To this end, in the description of the complex physics underlying magnetic interactions preference is given to simple term "naive" interpretations.Results. Apart from the analysis of the fundamental features peculiar to the interfaces between ultrathin films of ferromagnetic and heavy metals and related to strong SOC, we discuss specific configurations especially promising for application-oriented research. Among others, these include spin torque microwave (1...50 GHz) oscillators, fast domain walls in racetrack memory and especially magnetic skyrmions.Conclusion. Publication of this paper will facilitate creative interaction between the fundamental and applied research, thus contributing to the development of novel high-performance spintronic devices.

Subject and purpose. The article describes a new S-band transmit/receive module (TRM). The purpose of the work is to describe characteristics of the module, as well as the main technical and technological solutions introduced. Methods and methodology. In the design of the TRM, numerical methods for simulation microstrip lines and microwave devices were used, and the verification of the proposed technical and technological solutions was carried out experimentally. The Reduction of the cost of production of TRM, as well as the availability of the components were one of the main criteria for choosing the appropriate solutions. Results. The paper describes results of the developing of a S-band transmit/receive module (TRM) with the output power of 50 W intended for the use in active phased array radars. Described solutions that have allowed to reduce the cost of such module, to simplify its production when reaching the characteristics attractive to consumers. The module is developed by using microwave monolithic integrated circuits (MMICs) which are widespread used in 3G, 4G communication systems. The module components are placed on a common printed circuit board (PCB) with a FR-4 substrate. The receiving path provides 36 dB gain with the noise figure of 1.4 dB in the 2.8-3.2 GHz frequency band. Separate 6-bit attenuators and phase shifter are used to control the amplification and the phase shift. The introduced protection systems allow a safe operation of the module with any loads at the antenna port. Conclusions. This paper presents a new S-band TRM, which is based on MMICs widely are used in communication systems. The using of these electronic components, as well as modern powerful gallium-nitride (GaN) components and inexpensive composite materials as the substrate for the PCB, has made it possible to improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of TRM in comparison with existing analogues. High output power, low noise of the receiver and the high isolation of the receiving and transmitting channels in the proposed TRM make it promising for use in modern active phased array radars.

Subject and purpose. The paper discusses the extension of the photometric method for the surface relief retrieval from images in the optical and radar wavelengths ranges through the involving of the direct heights measurements by an altimeter onboard the spacecraft. The photometric method allows retrieval the relief which has accuracy and the spatial resolution inherent in initial images. Altimetry provides direct measurements of the surface heights, but to cover the entire study area it requires too many spacecraft passes. The paper considers an altimeter having a wide radiation pattern. Methods and methodology. The paper presents the development of the photometric method for the surface relief retrieval. The main characteristic of the method is the Bayesian statistical approach which allows calculations of the most probable relief from available observational data with mathematical rigour. Results. An expression for the optimal filter which converts source images along with altimetry data into the most probable relief is derived. The efficiency of the method is verified using computer modeling. Conclusion. The statistical approach to processing of experimental data allows optimal combination of surface images and altimeter data properties to obtain the surface relief with high spatial resolution and reference to real heights.

In this paper authors present the results of a research that had a purpose to develop a method of constructing a neuroregulator model for the case of optimization of the control structure of a technological cycle. The method's implementation is based upon the automation of a production process when a physical controller, that operates the technological process according to a given program, is present. In order to achieve this goal, the artificial neural network approaches were implemented to create a mathematical model of the neuroregulator. The mathematical model of the neuroregulator is based on a physical prototype, and the procedure of a real-time control synthesis (adaptive control) is based on recurrent neural network training. The neural network architecture includes LSTM blocks, which are capable of storing information for long periods of time. A method is proposed for constructing a neuroregulator model for control of a production cycle when solving the task of the optimal trajectory finding on the phase plane of the technological cycle states. In the considered task of the optimal trajectory finding the mathematical model of the neuroregulator receives at each moment of time information about the current system state, the adjacent system states and the movement direction on the phase plane of states. Movement direction is determined by the given control optimization criteria. Based on the research results it was found that recurrent networks with LSTM modules can be used successfully as an approximator for the agent's Q-function to solve the given problem when the partially observed region of system states has a complex structure. The choice of the method of adaptation to the control actions and the external environmental disturbances proposed in the paper satisfies the requirements for the adatation process performance, as well as the requierments for the control processes quality, when there is lack of information about the nature of random control disturbances. The experimental environment, as well as the neural network models was implemented using the Python programming language with TensorFlow library.

The paper discusses the work of the correlation algorithm for automatically tracking objects of interest in a two-channel optical-electronic system in a complex background-target environment and the presence of intentional interference. Conditions in which the contrast of the desired object in both channels is negligible but not equal to zero are considered difficult in the paper. Intentional interference refers to masking interference of natural and artificial origin, which helps to reduce the contrast of the object in both channels. By two-channel means an optical-electronic system, which includes channels of the visible and infrared ranges. It is believed that the multi-spectral images of both channels are reduced to a single time and scale, which allows them to be integrated using various methods. The purpose of this paper is to prove that the likelihood of disruption of automatic tracking is reduced when complexing the source images of the visible and infrared ranges, when the contrast of the desired object in both channels is negligible. For research the mathematical apparatus of the theory of random functions and simulation with subsequent statistical data processing are used. It is shown that the probability of disruption, characterized by the ratio of the correlation coefficients of two fragments of images, one of which contains the desired object, and the second not, depends on both the correlation coefficients and the values of their mean square deviations. The simulation shows that the breakdown of tracking occurs both when the mean square deviations of these correlation coefficients are equal, and at their different values, moreover, an increase in their difference increases the probability of a breakdown. The article shows that the likelihood of a breakdown in a two-channel optoelectronic system will decrease when using two channels, compared to working only in the visible or infrared channel. The obtained results substantiate the promise of using image complexing in multichannel systems of automatic tracking of objects in a complex background-target environment and the presence of deliberate interference.

Multilevel optimization problems often arise in various applications (in economics, ecology, power engineering and other areas) when modeling complex systems with a hierarchical structure associated with independent actions of subsystems. The difficulty of analyzing such complex systems requires first of all the study of bilevel models, the management of which would be an integral part of the analysis of more complex systems. In solving bilevel programming problems, an important role is played by the property of partial calmness, the presence of which allows us to reduce the bilevel problem to the classical nonlinear programming problem with a nonsmooth objective function. It is known that linear bilevel programming problems are partially stable. The proof of this property for more complex problems meets difficulties. In particular, our article shows the inaccuracy of some results in this area. The goal of the paper is to obtain some new results in the partial calmness of bilevel programming. In particular, new sufficient conditions for bilevel problems are proved. The results are obtained on the base of Lipschitz-like properties for multivalued mappings. In the paper we propose new sufficient conditions for partial calmness which are based on some modification of the known constraint qualification RCPLD which have been proposed by the researches Andreani, Haeser, Schuverdt and Silva.

Background. The present article investigates the reciprocal action of specific medium effects on electromagnetic waves propagation. The object of study is a moving dielectric, which at rest already demonstrate bianisotropic properties, i. e., it is a synthetic material, e. g., chiral media with Ω-particles. Bianisotropic material equations are the most general for describing the effects of electromagnetic waves interaction with complex medium. Studying and analyzing them is proving to be a notable scientific problem. Natural bianisotropy is a property of simple media under special conditions (state of motion, internal currents and diffusion processes), whereas artificial bianisotropy is an inherent property of the synthetic material itself (composite material, material with different metaparticles). Aim. The main goal of the work is to generalize the already available data. On it basis, then, obtain analytical expressions, which can be effectively used for the experiments designing, creating new computational techniques for solving direct and inverse electromagnetic diffraction problems. Methods. In this paper, analytical methods are applied to obtain the resulting close-form expressions. Results. Three classes of effects have been identified that have a significant reciprocal effect on each other: gyrotropy, spatial dispersion, and temporal dispersion. In this article it was shown that the gyrotropy of the medium has not only a simple additive effect, but under some, specific conditions, can be related to the system emergence. Conclusion. The reciprocal action of the spatial dispersion of the moving chiral medium, generally has different scales in range. Temporal dispersion was investigated, which does not have a simple additive property, because even an isotropic medium acquires fundamentally new material properties of bianisotropy when it moves.

Background. Surface polaritons attract the attention of researchers and engineers for their unique properties and promising applications in the field of micro- and nanoelectronics. Such applications may include devices such as the transistor or even the polariton laser, as reported in the scientific literature. Aim. The paper analyzes the conditions for excitation of surface polaritons in a uniaxial crystal of the wurtzite type. The frequency dependence of the group velocity of surface polaritons is analyzed. Methods. The dispersion equation for surface polaritons in an anisotropic wurtzite-type crystal is found analytically by solving Maxwell’s equations and requiring that the boundary conditions for electromagnetic waves decreasing exponentially from the boundary be satisfied. Results. Aluminum nitride crystal AlN was chosen as the object of analysis. Possible frequencies of surface polaritons are found and it is shown that only the frequency Ω1=844,84см-1.satisfies all the conditions for the existence of surface polaritons. It is shown that in the region where a surface polariton exists, both the damping constants and the propagation parameters of surface polaritons increase. It is shown that the group velocity of a surface polariton decreases with increasing frequency. When the frequency reaches the value of the surface polariton frequency of the value Ω1,the group velocity vanishes. Conclusion. The found decreasing frequency dependence of the surface polariton group velocity can be used in moderating devices based on polaritons.

Background. Bandpass filters are an integral part of any radio engineering systems and modern communication systems. Research and development of new passive components is due to growing need for such elements for modernization and creation of new modern communication systems. Aim. A brief overview of passive bandpass filters. Their classification according to the type of implementation is given. Methods. Results of experimental research and design of different passive bandpass filters are considered. Results. Lumped elements filters, microstrip filters, filters on high-temperature superconductor films, filter on dielectric resonators, surface acoustic wave filters, bulk acoustic wave filters are considered. At a qualitative level, the main advantages and disadvantages are considered from point of view of electrical parameters and size indicators. Examples of topological and constructive implementation are given. Conclusion. The passive bandpass filters considered in the paper make it possible to implement frequency selection devices at operating frequencies up to 6 GHz and higher, taking into account modern system trends and requirements for devices of this type.

Background. The need to use permutation decoding tools in radio communication systems is explained by the increased error correction capabilities of this method. In this case, complex matrix calculations during the search for equivalent codes according to the classical scheme of permutation decoding are replaced by a list of ready-made solutions. These solutions are calculated a priori and entered into the cognitive cards of the decoder processor, which makes the method a convenient tool in the procedure for ensuring information reliability when controlling, for example, unmanned vehicles via radio channels. In fact, matrix calculations on board are replaced by searching the list of cognitive maps for the right solution corresponding in real time to the current permutation of reliable character numerators. However, data processing in the decoder’s cognitive map requires a special description. Aim. The study of methods for identifying permutations of character numerators of code vectors in order to effectively transform them in a system of cognitive maps of a permutation decoder. Methods. The paper reveals the subtle structure of cognitive maps of productive and unproductive permutations of numerators, which allows on a regular basis to obtain an alternative solution for switching to a set of productive permutations when the receiver receives an unproductive permutation, thereby excluding the use of trial and error. Results. The efficiency of the permutation decoder increases due to the implementation of permutations that were originally included in a set of solutions introduced into the cognitive map of unproductive permutations. Conclusion. A family of microcontrollers is proposed to implement the principle of interaction of cognitive maps with a system of alternative solutions.

Subject and Purpose. The study of various kinds of microwave devices and the description of the most interesting designs. Methods and Methodology. The fast numerical-analytical methods are used in the study of devices. They allowed identifying fine physical effects and achieving the optimal characteristics of these devices. The main achievements of the laboratory of computational electromagnetics obtained in recent years are described in the paper. Results. A simulation system based on numerical-analytical methods is developed. It covers a wide class of problems with a discrete spectrum (waveguides and periodic structures). It also includes the ability to model antenna devices excited by complex feeder systems. With its help, a wide range of passive microwave devices was designed, including frequency and polarization-selective nodes, mode and polarization converters used from microwaves up to the terahertz range. Particular attention is paid to the developments being studied in the new sections of radiophysics based on extraordinary transmission and optical activity. Conclusions. The most interesting devices studied in the laboratory of computational electromagnetics in recent years are described in the paper. Many of them are designed for the first time.

The basic results of research and optimization of powerful UHF electronic devices are presented in brief. Their complete description is contained in quoted six monographs and 172 papers, which where published in international and state journals by authors of researches. Only principal aspects of original achievements in area nonlinear theory, the methods of optimization, interpretation of physics of optimal processes and predicted effects of nonlinear interaction of powerful electron beams with electromagnetic waves are quoted from our published papers.

A method to predict the reliability of software is introduced in this paper. The method is based on the calculation of correlation between reliability measures and software errors. The dependency between errors and reliability is defined by calculating Pearson correlation ratio, which is used further to build the identity matrix to match error groups and reliability measures. Input for this calculation is well defined and explained including the direction of the correlation and confidence level. This paper also proposes the way to integrate the introduced method into agile software development process.

The technique proposed in this paper makes it possible to mask the trajectory of a dynamic system with a stochastic process with given properties. The calculated relationships shown in this paper demonstrate the effectiveness of such camouflage in comparison with the simple stochastic expansion of the dynamic system model. The obtained results can be used in theoretical and applied studies devoted to the behavior, formation and modeling of trajectories of dynamic systems. The simulation results confirm the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

The proliferation of the Internet and its applications has led to a potential increase in users' requests for more services at economical prices and Quality of service. The diversity of Internet traffic requires some prioritization and prioritization because some visits deserve great attention while reducing delays and packet losses compared to others. Current swap scheduling mechanisms are characterized by three main characteristics: fairness, complexity, and protection. Therefore, the question remains how we can provide equity and protection with less complex implementation. In this paper present proposed scheduling mechanism to enhance the performance of computer network. Proposed method is utilize an adaptive neural fuzzy inference system in make schedule decision and adapted to handle with varying behaviors of network. It is programmed in object oriented programming C++ with OMNET++ environment. The proposed method ANFIS solving the problem of complexity run time for WFQ algorithm. It uses ANFIS to calculate the virtual finish time for packets instead of mathematically way in the ordinary WFQ. The main contributions of this paper are minimizing the delay, reduce the packet loss in routers service queue and increasing throughput. In order to enhance the performance of computer network.

The paper reviews techniques of digital filter bank synthesis that can be applied for contemporary speech processing challenges. The paper describes practical experience of using digital filter banks in original systems of sound processing, namely, musical player with noise-aware audio enhancement and hearing aid application for a smartphone.

In this paper the single biconical ultra-wideband reception device which is a part of directional-finding array is considered. Directional characteristics and matching of this device well-known and this characteristics can be improvement in several ways, for example, by means of the dielectric lens. However, use of classical lens essentially increments the terminating dimension of a device and all system. In this paper methods of transformation of the shape of a radiation pattern by means of the different dielectric insert in interior volume of receptions device are described. Directional characteristics and matching of a reception element will be defined by shape and dielectric properties of an insert.

Introduction. Satellite radar altimeter is an essential part of the Earth remote sensing space missions. Satellite altimeter on-board delay-lock loop, by a widely shared concept, is operationally just a tool of a reliable retaining of received echo-signal within the tracking window, while “fine” altimetric parameter (orbit height, significant wave height, scattering cross section per unit of a probed surface, etc.) measuring is committed to the ground-based retracking of data. In particular, in the course of retracking altimeter data are being filtered and/or smoothed.Objective. The paper subject is study of retracking algorithms of altimeter data transmitted from the space vehicle to the ground segment.Methods and materials. It is known that data filtering already presents on-board the space vehicle and is implemented in delay-lock loop based on the α–β-filter. However, at the stage of ground-based retracking it seems more appropriate to use the Kalman filter, which possesses a number of theoretical optimal features and is efficient as for utilization of the available computational resource.Results and conclusions. In the paper implementation of filtering and smoothing via Kalman algorithm is described. On the ground of computer simulation data it is stated that Kalman filtering and smoothing make estimate accuracy two and more times higher depending on significant wave height.