271,648 results
Search Results
252. Rapid ILs-polishing Processes Toward Flexible Nanostructured Paper with Dually High Transparency and Haze
- Author
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Ou, Yanghao, primary, Chen, Jinbo, additional, Lu, Pengbo, additional, Cheng, Fan, additional, Lin, Meiyan, additional, Su, Lingfeng, additional, Li, Jun, additional, and Liu, Detao, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
253. Efficacy Evaluation of a non-contact automatic articulating paper dispenser in controlling articulating paper microbial contamination
- Author
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Li, Yajin, primary, Chen, Litong, additional, Yuan, Fusong, additional, Li, Yugui, additional, Zhou, Yongsheng, additional, and Sun, Yuchun, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
254. Antibacterial cellulose paper made with silver-coated gold nanoparticles
- Author
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Tsung-Ting Tsai, Tse-Hao Huang, Chih-Jung Chang, Natalie Yi-Ju Ho, Yu-Ting Tseng, and Chien-Fu Chen
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract In this study, we investigated the antibacterial activity of silver-coated gold nanoparticles (Au-Ag NPs) immobilized on cellulose paper. Ag NPs are known to have strong antibacterial properties, while Au NPs are biocompatible and relatively simple to prepare. We made the Au-Ag NPs using a facile process called Ag enhancement, in which Au NPs serve as the nuclei for precipitation of a Ag coating, the thickness of which can be easily controlled by varying the ratio of the reactants. After synthesis, electron microscopy showed that the Au-Ag NPs displayed a core-shell structure, and that they could be successfully immobilized onto a cellulose membrane by heat treatment. We then investigated the antibacterial properties of this NP-coated cellulose paper against E. coli JM109. The inhibition rate, growth curve, and AATCC 100 activity test showed that cellulose paper coated with 15 nm Au-Ag NPs possessed excellent antibacterial activity against E. coli JM109. These results suggest that Au-Ag NPs immobilized on cellulose paper could be a valuable antibacterial technology for applications such as food packaging, clothing, wound dressings, and other personal care products.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
255. High-throughput rapid-prototyping of low-cost paper-based microfluidics
- Author
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Fariba Ghaderinezhad, Reza Amin, Mikail Temirel, Bekir Yenilmez, Adam Wentworth, and Savas Tasoglu
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Paper-based micro analytical devices offer significant advantages compared to the conventional microfluidic chips including cost-effectiveness, ease of fabrication, and ease of use while preserving critical features including strong capillary action and biological compatibility. In this work, we demonstrate an inexpensive, rapid method for high-throughput fabrication of paper-based microfluidics by patterning hydrophobic barriers using a desktop pen plotter integrated with a custom-made, low-cost paper feeder. We tested various types of commercial permanent markers and compared their water-resistant capabilities for creating hydrophobic barriers. Additionally, we studied the performance of markers with different types of paper, plotting speeds, and pattern dimensions. To verify the effectiveness of the presented fabrication method, colorimetric analysis was performed on the results of a glucose assay.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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256. Synthesis of porous polymer/tissue paper hybrid membranes for switchable oil/water separation
- Author
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Cong-Xiao Cao, Jiayin Yuan, Jin-Pei Cheng, and Bao-Hang Han
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The unusually broad physical and chemical property window of ionic liquids allows for a wide range of applications, which gives rise to the recent spring-up of ionic liquid-based functional materials. Via solvothermal copolymerization of a monomeric ionic liquid and divinylbenzene in the presence of a tissue paper in autoclave, we fabricated a flexible porous polymer/paper hybrid membrane. The surface areas of the hybrid membranes depend on the weight fraction of the copolymer impregnated inside the tissue paper. The as-prepared hybrid membrane shows controlled surface wettability in terms of ethanol wetting and ethanol removal by harsh drying condition. This unique property provides the hybrid membrane with switchable oil/water separation function, thus of practical values for real life application.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
257. Paper-based RNA detection and multiplexed analysis for Ebola virus diagnostics
- Author
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Laura Magro, Béatrice Jacquelin, Camille Escadafal, Pierre Garneret, Aurélia Kwasiborski, Jean-Claude Manuguerra, Fabrice Monti, Anavaj Sakuntabhai, Jessica Vanhomwegen, Pierre Lafaye, and Patrick Tabeling
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The most performing techniques enabling early diagnosis of infectious diseases rely on nucleic acid detection. Today, because of their high technicality and cost, nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) are of benefit only to a small fraction of developing countries population. By reducing costs, simplifying procedures and enabling multiplexing, paper microfluidics has the potential to considerably facilitate their accessibility. However, most of the studies performed in this area have not quit the lab. This letter brings NAAT on paper closer to the field, by using clinical samples and operating in a resource-limited setting. We first performed isothermal reverse transcription and Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RT-RPA) of synthetic Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) of Ebola virus using paper microfluidics devices. We further applied this method in Guinea to detect the presence of Ebola virus in human sample RNA extracts, with minimal facilities (carry-on detection device and freeze-dried reagents on paper). RT-RPA results were available in few minutes and demonstrate a sensitivity of 90.0% compared to the gold-standard RT-PCR on a set of 43 patient samples. Furthermore, the realization of a nine-spot multilayered device achieving the parallel detection of three distinct RNA sequences opens a route toward the detection of multiple viral strains or pathogens.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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258. Office paper decorated with silver nanostars - an alternative cost effective platform for trace analyte detection by SERS
- Author
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Maria João Oliveira, Pedro Quaresma, Miguel Peixoto de Almeida, Andreia Araújo, Eulália Pereira, Elvira Fortunato, Rodrigo Martins, Ricardo Franco, and Hugo Águas
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract For analytical applications in portable sensors to be used in the point-of-need, low-cost SERS substrates using paper as a base, are an alternative. In this work, SERS substrates were produced on two different types of paper: a high porosity paper (Whatman no. 1); and a low porosity paper (commercially available office paper, Portucel Soporcel). Solutions containing spherical silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver nanostars (AgNSs) were separately drop-casted on hydrophilic wells patterned on the papers. The porosity of the paper was found to play a determinant role on the AgNP and AgNS distribution along the paper fibres, with most of the nanoparticles being retained at the illuminated surface of the office paper substrate. The highest SERS enhancements were obtained for the office paper substrate, with deposited AgNSs. A limit of detection for rhodamine-6G as low as 11.4 ± 0.2 pg could be achieved, with an analytical enhancement factor of ≈107 for this specific analyte. The well patterning technique allowed good signal uniformity (RSD of 1.7%). Besides, these SERS substrates remained stable after 5 weeks of storage (RSD of 7.3%). Paper-induced aggregation of AgNPs was found to be a viable alternative to the classical salt-induced aggregation, to obtain a highly sensitive SERS substrates.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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259. Paper strip-embedded graphene quantum dots: a screening device with a smartphone readout
- Author
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Ruslan Álvarez-Diduk, Jahir Orozco, and Arben Merkoçi
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Simple, inexpensive and rapid sensing systems are very demanded for a myriad of uses. Intrinsic properties of emerging paper-based analytical devices have demonstrated considerable potential to fulfill such demand. This work reports an easy-to-use, low cost, and disposable paper-based sensing device for rapid chemical screening with a smartphone readout. The device comprises luminescent graphene quantum dots (GQDs) sensing probes embedded into a nitrocellulose matrix where the resonance energy transfer phenomenon seems to be the sensing mechanism. The GQDs probes were synthesized from citric acid by a pyrolysis procedure, further physisorbed and confined into small wax-traced spots on the nitrocellulose substrate. The GQDs were excited by an UV LED, this, is powered by a smartphone used as both; energy source and imaging capture. The LED was contained within a 3D-printed dark chamber that isolates the paper platform from external light fluctuations leading to highly reproducible data. The cellulose-based device was proven as a promising screening tool for phenols and polyphenols in environmental and food samples, respectively. It opens up new opportunities for simple and fast screening of organic compounds and offers numerous possibilities for versatile applications. It can be especially useful in remote settings where sophisticated instrumentation is not always available.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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260. A Chemically Patterned Microfluidic Paper-based Analytical Device (C-µPAD) for Point-of-Care Diagnostics
- Author
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Trinh Lam, Jasmine P. Devadhasan, Ryan Howse, and Jungkyu Kim
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract A chemically patterned microfluidic paper-based analytical device (C-µPAD) is developed to create fluidic networks by forming hydrophobic barriers using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of trichlorosilane (TCS) on a chromatography paper. By controlling temperature, pattern size, and CVD duration, optimal conditions were determined by characterizing hydrophobicity, spreading patterns, and flow behavior on various sized fluidic patterns. With these optimal conditions, we demonstrated glucose assay, immunoassay, and heavy metal detection on well-spot C-µPAD and lateral flow C-µPAD. For these assays, standard curves showing correlation between target concentration and gray intensity were obtained to determine a limit of detection (LOD) of each assay. For the glucose assays on both well-spot C-µPAD and lateral flow C-µPAD, we achieved LOD of 13 mg/dL, which is equivalent to that of a commercial glucose sensor. Similar results were obtained from tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) detection with 3 ng/mL of LOD. For Ni detection, a colorimetric agent was immobilized to obtain a stationary and uniform reaction by using thermal condensation coupling method. During the immobilization, we successfully functionalized amine for coupling the colorimetric agent on the C-µPAD and detected as low as 150 μg/L of Ni. These C-µPADs enable simple, rapid, and cost-effective bioassays and environmental monitoring, which provide practically relevant LODs with high expandability and adaptability.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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261. Influences of surface treatments with abrasive paper and sand-blasting on surface morphology, hydrophilicity, mineralization and osteoblasts behaviors of n-CS/PK composite
- Author
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Xiaoming Tang, Kai Huang, Jian Dai, Zhaoying Wu, Liang Cai, Lili Yang, Jie Wei, and Hailang Sun
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The surfaces of nano-calcium silicate (n-CS)/polyetheretherketone (PK) composites were treated with abrasive paper and sand-blasting, and the surfaces performances of the as-treated composites were studied. The results showed that the surface roughness, hydrophilicity and mineralization of the simulated body fluid (SBF) of the composites surfaces were significantly improved, and the properties of the composites treated by with sand-blasting were better than those treated with abrasive paper. Moreover, the treated composites significantly promoted osteoblasts responses, such as cell attachment, spreading, proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, compared to un-treated composites, and the cellular responses to the composites treated with sand-blasting were better than those treated with abrasive paper. The results suggested that surface treatment with sand-blasting was an effective method to greatly improve the surface bioperformances of the n-CS/PK composite, and this treated composite with improved bioactivity and cytocompatibility might be a promising implant material for orthopedic applications.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
262. Spectrochemical approach combined with symptoms data to diagnose fibromyalgia through paper spray ionization mass spectrometry (PSI-MS) and multivariate classification
- Author
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Marcelo V. S. Alves, Lanaia I. L. Maciel, João O. S. Passos, Camilo L. M. Morais, Marfran C. D. dos Santos, Leomir A. S. Lima, Boniek G. Vaz, Rodrigo Pegado, and Kássio M. G. Lima
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary - Abstract
This study performs a chemical investigation of blood plasma samples from patients with and without fibromyalgia, combined with some of the symptoms and their levels of intensity used in the diagnosis of this disease. The symptoms evaluated were: visual analogue pain scale (VAS); fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ); Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM); Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TAMPA); quality of life Questionnaire—physical and mental health (QL); and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (CAT). Plasma samples were analyzed by paper spray ionization mass spectrometry (PSI-MS). Spectral data were organized into datasets and related to each of the symptoms measured. The datasets were submitted to multivariate classification using supervised models such as principal component analysis with linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA), successive projections algorithm with linear discriminant analysis (SPA-LDA), genetic algorithm with linear discriminant analysis (GA-LDA) and their versions with quadratic discriminant analysis (PCA/SPA/GA-QDA) and support vector machines (PCA/SPA/GA-SVM). These algorithm combinations were performed aiming the best class separation. Good discrimination between the controls and fibromyalgia samples were observed using PCA-LDA, where the spectral data associated with the CAT symptom achieved 100% classification sensitivity, and associated with the VAS symptom achieved 100% classification specificity, with both symptoms at the moderate level of intensity. The spectral variable at 579 m/z was found to be substantially significant for classification according to the PCA loadings. According to the human metabolites database, this variable can be associated with a LysoPC compound, which comprises a class of metabolites already evidenced in other studies for fibromyalgia diagnosis. This study proposed an investigation of spectral data combined with clinical data to compare the classification ability of different datasets. The good classification results obtained confirm this technique is as a good analytical tool for the detection of fibromyalgia, and provides theoretical support for other studies about fibromyalgia diagnosis.
- Published
- 2023
263. Superhydrophobic functionalized cellulosic paper by copper hydroxide nanorods for oils purification.
- Author
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Belal, Ahmed S., Nady, Jehan El, Shokry, Azza, Ebrahim, Shaker, Soliman, Moataz, and Khalil, Marwa
- Subjects
- *
SUPERHYDROPHOBIC surfaces , *NANORODS , *PETROLEUM production , *CELLULOSE , *FILTER paper , *CONTACT angle - Abstract
Oily water contamination has been sighted as one of the most global environmental pollution. Herein, copper hydroxide nanorods layer was constructed onto cellulosic filter paper surface cured with polydopamine, Ag nanoparticles, and Cu NPs through immersion method. This work has been aimed to produce a superhydrophobic and superoleophilic cellulosic filter paper. The structure, crystalline, and morphological properties of these modified cellulosic filter paper were investigated. Scanning electron microscope images confirmed that the modified surface was rougher compared with the pristine surface. The contact angle measurement confirmed the hydrophobic nature of these modified surfaces with a water contact angle of 169.7°. The absorption capacity was 8.2 g/g for diesel oil and the separation efficiency was higher than 99%. It was noted that the flux in the case of low viscosity solvent as n-hexane was 9663.5 Lm−2 h−1, while for the viscous oil as diesel was 1452.7 Lm−2 h−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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264. A retrospective study of differences in patients' anxiety and satisfaction between paper-based and computer-based tools for "Shared Decision-Making".
- Author
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Chen, Jung-Chen, Tsai, Shang-Feng, and Liu, Shih-An
- Subjects
SATISFACTION ,POCKET computers ,PEARSON correlation (Statistics) ,ANXIETY ,PATIENT satisfaction ,KNOWLEDGE acquisition (Expert systems) ,DECISION making - Abstract
We aimed to investigate differences in patients' anxiety and satisfaction between patients undergoing paper-based patient decision aid (PDA) for shared decision-making (SDM) and those receiving computer-based PDA. We retrospectively collected questionnaires before and after SDM. Basic demographic data as well as anxiety, satisfaction, knowledge acquisition, and participation in SDM were recorded. We divided our population into subgroups according to use of paper-based or computer-based PDA. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis was applied to assess the relationships among variables. In total, 304 patients who visited our Division of Nephrology were included in the final analysis. Overall, over half of the patients felt anxiety (n = 217, 71.4%). Near half of the patients felt a reduction in anxiety after SDM (n = 143, 47.0%) and 281 patients (92.4%) were satisfied with the whole process of SDM. When we divided all the patients based on use of paper-based or computer-based PDA, the reduction of anxiety level was greater in the patients who underwent paper-based PDA when compared with that of those who underwent computer-based PDA. However, there was no significant difference in satisfaction between the two groups. Paper-based PDA was as effective as computer-based PDA. Further studies comparing different types of PDA are warranted to fill the knowledge gaps in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
265. Robotic automation and unsupervised cluster assisted modeling for solving the forward and reverse design problem of paper airplanes.
- Author
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Obayashi, Nana, Junge, Kai, Ilić, Stefan, and Hughes, Josie
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL robots ,SPACE robotics ,GAUSSIAN mixture models ,AIRPLANE design ,AIRPLANES ,DESIGN exhibitions - Abstract
Although often regarded a childhood toy, the design of paper airplanes is subtly complex. The design space and mapping from geometry to distance flown is highly nonlinear and probabilistic where a single airplane design exhibits a multitude of trajectory forms and flight distances. This makes optimization and understanding of their behavior challenging for humans. By understanding the behavior of paper airplanes and predicting flight behavior, there is a potential to improve the design of aerial vehicles that operate at low Reynolds numbers. By developing a robotic system that can fabricate, test, analyze, and model the flight behavior in an unsupervised fashion, a wide design space can be reliably characterized. We find there are discrete behavioral groups that result in different trajectories: nose dive, glide, and recovery glide. Informed by this characterization we propose a method of using Gaussian mixture models to extract the clusters of the design space that map to these different behaviors. This allows us to solve both the forward and reverse design problem for paper airplanes, and also to perform efficient optimization of the geometry for a given target flight distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
266. High performance organic transistor active-matrix driver developed on paper substrate
- Author
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Peng, Boyu, Ren, Xiaochen, Wang, Zongrong, Wang, Xinyu, Roberts, Robert C., and Chan, Paddy K. L.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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267. Validation of quantitative loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay using a fluorescent distance-based paper device for detection of Escherichia coli in urine.
- Author
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Saengsawang, Natkrittaya, Ruang-areerate, Panthita, Kaeothaisong, Nuanlaong, Leelayoova, Saovanee, Mungthin, Mathirut, Juntanawiwat, Piraporn, Hanyanunt, Patomroek, Potisuwan, Patsanun, Kesakomol, Piyanate, Butsararattanagomen, Pornphan, Wichaiwong, Pattarawadee, Dungchai, Wijitar, and Ruang-areerate, Toon
- Subjects
ESCHERICHIA coli ,RESOURCE-limited settings ,URINARY tract infections ,HEALTH facilities ,BACTERIAL diseases ,FEMALES - Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) causes up to 90% of urinary tract infections (UTI) which is more prevalent among females than males. In urine, patients with symptomatic UTI usually have a high concentration of bacterial infection, ≥ 10
5 colony-forming units (CFU) per mL, in which the culture method is regularly the gold standard diagnosis. In this study, a simple and inexpensive distance-based paper device (dPAD) combined with the fluorescent closed tube LAMP assay was validated for simultaneously screening and semi-quantifying the infection level of E. coli in 440 urine samples of patients with UTI. The dPAD could measure the LAMP amplicons and semi-quantify the levels of E. coli infection in heavy (≥ 104 CFU/mL), light (≤ 103 CFU/mL) and no infection. The sensitivity and specificity had reliable performances, achieving as high as 100 and 92.7%, respectively. The one step LAMP assay could be performed within 3 h, which was 7.5 times faster than the culture method. To empower early UTI diagnosis and fast treatment, this inexpensive dPAD tool combined with the fluorescent closed tube LAMP assay is simple, reliably fast and practically portable for point-of-care settings, particularly in resource-limited areas, which can be set up in all levels of healthcare facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
268. Facile and highly precise pH-value estimation using common pH paper based on machine learning techniques and supported mobile devices
- Author
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Mohamed M. Elsenety, Mahmoud Basseem I. Mohamed, Mohamed E. Sultan, and Badr A. Elsayed
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary - Abstract
Numerous scientific, health care, and industrial applications are showing increasing interest in developing optical pH sensors with low-cost, high precision that cover a wide pH range. Although serious efforts, the development of high accuracy and cost-effectiveness, remains challenging. In this perspective, we present the implementation of the machine learning technique on the common pH paper for precise pH-value estimation. Further, we develop a simple, flexible, and free precise mobile application based on a machine learning algorithm to predict the accurate pH value of a solution using an available commercial pH paper. The common light conditions were studied under different light intensities of 350, 200, and 20 Lux. The models were trained using 2689 experimental values without a special instrument control. The pH range of 1: 14 is covered by an interval of ~ 0.1 pH value. The results show a significant relationship between pH values and both the red color and green color, in contrast to the poor correlation by the blue color. The K Neighbors Regressor model improves linearity and shows a significant coefficient of determination of 0.995 combined with the lowest errors. The free, publicly accessible online and mobile application was developed and enables the highly precise estimation of the pH value as a function of the RGB color code of typical pH paper. Our findings could replace higher expensive pH instruments using handheld pH detection, and an intelligent smartphone system for everyone, even the chef in the kitchen, without the need for additional costly and time-consuming experimental work.
- Published
- 2022
269. Development of ultra-thin radiation-shielding paper through nanofiber modeling of morpho butterfly wing structure
- Author
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Seon-Chil, Kim and Hongsik, Byun
- Subjects
Radiation Protection ,Multidisciplinary ,Protective Clothing ,Polymers ,Nanofibers ,Humans ,Tungsten - Abstract
In medical institutions, radiation shielding is an effective strategy to protect medical personnel and patients from exposure. Reducing the weight of the shield worn by medical personnel in the radiation generating area plays a key role in improving their productivity and mobility. In this study, a new lightweight radiation shield was developed by electrospinning a polymer-tungsten composite material to produce nanofibers with a multi-layered thin-film structure similar to that of a morpho butterfly wing. The fabricated shield was in the form of 0.1 mm thick flexible shielding paper. The multi-layer structure of the thin shielding paper was obtained through nanofiber pattern formation via electrospinning a dispersion of tungsten particles. At 0.1 mm thickness, the paper’s shielding rate was 64.88% at 60 keV. Furthermore, at 0.3 mm thick and arranged in a laminated structure, the shielding rate was 90.10% and the lead equivalent was 0.296 mmPb. When used as an apron material, the weight can be reduced by 45% compared to existing lead products. In addition, the material is highly processable and can be used to manufacture various flexible products, such as hats, gloves, underwear, and scarves used in medical institutions.
- Published
- 2022
270. Spore-based innovative paper-strip biosensor for the rapid detection of ß-lactam group in milk
- Author
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Prashant, Goel, Raghu Hirikyathanahalli, Vishweswaraiah, and Naresh, Kumar
- Subjects
Spores ,Milk ,Multidisciplinary ,Lactams ,Animals ,beta-Lactams ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Monobactams - Abstract
The study's goal was to develop a spore-based paper strip biosensor for detecting ß-lactam antibiotics in milk using the enzyme induction principle. A new spore-based paper strip biosensor has been developed after important operating parameters such as spore volume, substrate volume, exposure time and temperature, and incubation time and temperature were optimised. The limit of detection for various ß-lactam antibiotics, including amoxicillin, penicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, cloxacillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, cephalothin, cefalexin, cefoxitin, cefazolin, and cefuroxime, was determined in milk with detection sensitivity of 1 ppb, 2 ppb, 2 ppb, 10 ppb, 10 ppb, 10 ppb, 20 ppb, 10 ppb 1000 ppb, 10 ppb 300 ppb and 100 ppb, respectively. It was also tested with other contaminants such non-ß-lactam antibiotics, pesticides, aflatoxin, heavy metals, and other chemical contaminants, and no interference was found, indicating that the created biosensor had a low rate of false positive and negative results. In comparison to the AOAC-approved CHARM-ROSA ß-lactam strip test, which identified 7 raw milk and zero pasteurised milk samples positive for ß-lactam antibiotics, the sensor was further analysed and verified using 200 raw milk and 105 pasteurised milk samples. This indicates a perfect match between our biosensor and the AOAC-approved CHARM-ROSA ß-lactam strip test. The developed spore-based paper strip biosensors are expected to be useful in the rapid and cost-effective detection of ß-lactam antibiotic residues in milk samples at the dairy farm, reception dock, and production units, respectively.
- Published
- 2022
271. A fully-automated paper ECG digitisation algorithm using deep learning
- Author
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Huiyi Wu, Kiran Haresh Kumar Patel, Xinyang Li, Bowen Zhang, Christoforos Galazis, Nikesh Bajaj, Arunashis Sau, Xili Shi, Lin Sun, Yanda Tao, Harith Al-Qaysi, Lawrence Tarusan, Najira Yasmin, Natasha Grewal, Gaurika Kapoor, Jonathan W. Waks, Daniel B. Kramer, Nicholas S. Peters, and Fu Siong Ng
- Subjects
Electrocardiography ,Deep Learning ,Multidisciplinary ,Atrial Fibrillation ,Humans ,Neural Networks, Computer ,Algorithms - Abstract
There is increasing focus on applying deep learning methods to electrocardiograms (ECGs), with recent studies showing that neural networks (NNs) can predict future heart failure or atrial fibrillation from the ECG alone. However, large numbers of ECGs are needed to train NNs, and many ECGs are currently only in paper format, which are not suitable for NN training. We developed a fully-automated online ECG digitisation tool to convert scanned paper ECGs into digital signals. Using automated horizontal and vertical anchor point detection, the algorithm automatically segments the ECG image into separate images for the 12 leads and a dynamical morphological algorithm is then applied to extract the signal of interest. We then validated the performance of the algorithm on 515 digital ECGs, of which 45 were printed, scanned and redigitised. The automated digitisation tool achieved 99.0% correlation between the digitised signals and the ground truth ECG (n = 515 standard 3-by-4 ECGs) after excluding ECGs with overlap of lead signals. Without exclusion, the performance of average correlation was from 90 to 97% across the leads on all 3-by-4 ECGs. There was a 97% correlation for 12-by-1 and 3-by-1 ECG formats after excluding ECGs with overlap of lead signals. Without exclusion, the average correlation of some leads in 12-by-1 ECGs was 60–70% and the average correlation of 3-by-1 ECGs achieved 80–90%. ECGs that were printed, scanned, and redigitised, our tool achieved 96% correlation with the original signals. We have developed and validated a fully-automated, user-friendly, online ECG digitisation tool. Unlike other available tools, this does not require any manual segmentation of ECG signals. Our tool can facilitate the rapid and automated digitisation of large repositories of paper ECGs to allow them to be used for deep learning projects.
- Published
- 2022
272. In-situ Electrodeposition of Highly Active Silver Catalyst on Carbon Fiber Papers as Binder Free Cathodes for Aluminum-air Battery
- Author
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Qingshui Hong and Huimin Lu
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Carbon fiber papers supported Ag catalysts (Ag/CFP) with different coverage of electro-active site are prepared by electrochemical deposition and used as binder free cathodes in primary aluminum-air (Al-air) battery. Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Diffraction studies are carried out to characterize the as-prepared Ag/CFP air cathodes. Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activities on these air cathodes in alkaline solutions are systematic studied. A newly designed aluminum-air cell is used to further determine the cathodes performance under real operation condition and during the test, the Ag/CFP electrodes show outstanding catalytic activity for ORR in concentrated alkaline electrolyte, and no obvious activity degradation is observed after long-time discharge. The electrochemical test results display the dependence of coverage of the electro-active Ag on the catalytic performance of the air cathodes. The resulting primary Al-air battery made from the best-performing cathode shows an impressive discharge peak power density, outperforming that of using commercial nano-manganese catalyst air electrodes.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
273. Gold nanozyme-based paper chip for colorimetric detection of mercury ions
- Author
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Kwi Nam Han, Jong-Soon Choi, and Joseph Kwon
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract In this study, we developed a facile gold nanozyme-based paper chip (AuNZ-PAD) for Hg2+ detection. This device has the advantages of being simple, rapid, cost effective, sensitive, selective, high throughput, and applicable to onsite detection. The colorimetric mercury assay on the AuNZ-PAD is established based on the enzyme-like catalytic activity of gold nanoparticles promoted by the formation of Au–Hg amalgam, which is correlated to the intensity of the colorimetric response resulting from the catalytic reaction of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and H2O2. Highly sensitive and selective detection of Hg2+ ions is achieved in both distilled and tap water samples, indicating the feasibility and applicability of our device for the determination of mercury pollution in real samples. Moreover, AuNZ-PAD analysis using a smartphone camera eliminates the need for expensive analytical equipment, thereby increasing the practicality of field monitoring of trace Hg2+ compared with other sensing methods.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
274. Effect of modified waste introduction methods over short-term and long-term use of onsite sanitation systems.
- Author
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Astete Vasquez, L. and Mladenov, N.
- Subjects
SANITATION ,ODORS ,POOR communities ,ESCHERICHIA coli ,DISASTER relief ,TOILET paper - Abstract
Insufficiently treated wastes contained within onsite sanitation systems (OSS) commonly used by disadvantaged and developing communities contribute to public and environmental health concerns, calling for practical alternative solutions. At the basic level, an improved understanding of the evolution of chemical and physical constituents under different waste introduction methods and for short-term and long-term operation is needed. While receiving non-dilute waste under mixed, unmixed, toilet paper exclusion, and urine diversion (UD) regimes, self-flushing OSS simulated using anaerobic digesters (ADs) were compared during three operational stages: (1) 0–1 month service for unsheltered encampments; (2) 1–3 month disaster relief scenario; and (3) ≥ 3 months representing refugee camps and long-term household use. Although stratification was found to promote suitable conditions for short-term use of self-flushing toilets, mixing increased beneficial biodegradation of organic constituents. Urine-containing ADs demonstrated a shift from sulfide to ammonia odor accompanied by high pH (> 8) after ~ 240 d. E. coli reduction following elevated nitrogen and dissolved solids levels pointed to decreased pathogen survival in ADs with urine. The benefits of bacterial disinfection, reduction of sulfurous odors, and heightened organics degradation in mixed, urine-containing ADs suggest this format as more desirable for prolonged use of self-flushing OSS over unmixed or urine-diverting formats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
275. What holds paper together: nanometre scale exploration of bonding between paper fibres.
- Author
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Schmied FJ, Teichert C, Kappel L, Hirn U, Bauer W, and Schennach R
- Subjects
- Adsorption, Materials Testing, Particle Size, Nanoparticles chemistry, Nanoparticles ultrastructure, Paper
- Abstract
Paper, a man-made material that has been used for hundreds of years, is a network of natural cellulosic fibres. To a large extent, it is the strength of bonding between these individual fibres that controls the strength of paper. Using atomic force microscopy, we explore here the mechanical properties of individual fibre-fibre bonds on the nanometre scale. A single fibre-fibre bond is loaded with a calibrated cantilever statically and dynamically until the bond breaks. Besides the calculation of the total energy input, time dependent processes such as creep and relaxation are studied. Through the nanometre scale investigation of the formerly bonded area, we show that fibrils or fibril bundles play a crucial role in fibre-fibre bonding because they act as bridging elements. With this knowledge, new fabrication routes can be deduced to increase the strength of an ancient product that is in fact an overlooked high-tech material.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
276. Paper-based electrochemical immunosensor for label-free detection of multiple avian influenza virus antigens using flexible screen-printed carbon nanotube-polydimethylsiloxane electrodes.
- Author
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Lee, Daesoon, Bhardwaj, Jyoti, and Jang, Jaesung
- Subjects
- *
AVIAN influenza A virus , *CARBON electrodes , *AVIAN influenza , *ANTIGENS , *GOLD electrodes , *IMMUNE complexes - Abstract
Many studies have been conducted on measuring avian influenza viruses and their hemagglutinin (HA) antigens via electrochemical principles; most of these studies have used gold electrodes on ceramic, glass, or silicon substrates, and/or labeling for signal enhancement. Herein, we present a paper-based immunosensor for label-free measurement of multiple avian influenza virus (H5N1, H7N9, and H9N2) antigens using flexible screen-printed carbon nanotube-polydimethylsiloxane electrodes. These flexible electrodes on a paper substrate can complement the physical weakness of the paper-based sensors when wetted, without affecting flexibility. The relative standard deviation of the peak currents was 1.88% when the electrodes were repeatedly bent and unfolded twenty times with deionized water provided each cycle, showing the stability of the electrodes. For the detection of HA antigens, approximately 10-μl samples (concentration: 100 pg/ml–100 ng/ml) were needed to form the antigen–antibody complexes during 20–30 min incubation, and the immune responses were measured via differential pulse voltammetry. The limits of detections were 55.7 pg/ml (0.95 pM) for H5N1 HA, 99.6 pg/ml (1.69 pM) for H7N9 HA, and 54.0 pg/ml (0.72 pM) for H9N2 HA antigens in phosphate buffered saline, and the sensors showed good selectivity and reproducibility. Such paper-based sensors are economical, flexible, robust, and easy-to-manufacture, with the ability to detect several avian influenza viruses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
277. Freestanding flexible, pure and composite form of reduced graphene oxide paper for ammonia vapor sensing
- Author
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Ali Alsalme, Ahmad Al-Ghamdi, Ramasamy Jayavel, D. Selvakumar, and H. Sivaram
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Materials science ,Composite number ,Oxide ,lcsh:Medicine ,Synthesis of graphene ,Article ,Metal ,Environmental impact ,03 medical and health sciences ,Ammonia ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,lcsh:Science ,Graphene oxide paper ,Multidisciplinary ,lcsh:R ,Humidity ,Ammonia vapor ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Graphene nanocomposites ,Chemical engineering ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,lcsh:Q ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Metal oxides based graphene nanocomposites were used for ammonia vapour sensing. The self-assembly process was adopted to prepare freestanding flexible pure rGO, CeO2-rGO and SnO2-rGO composite papers. The structural studies confirmed the formation of rGO composite papers. The ammonia vapor sensing was demonstrated using an impedance analyzer at different humidity levels as well as concentration. The CeO2-rGO composite paper achieved a sensitivity of 51.70 ± 1.2%, which was higher than that of pure rGO and SnO2-rGO composite paper. Both the surfaces (top and bottom) of the papers are active in efficiently sensing ammonia, which makes the present work unique. The results reveal that metal oxide/rGO papers can be effectively utilized in real time sensor application.
- Published
- 2019
278. Fungal and bacterial species richness in biodeteriorated seventeenth century Venetian manuscripts.
- Author
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Stratigaki, Maria, Armirotti, Andrea, Ottonello, Giuliana, Manente, Sabrina, and Traviglia, Arianna
- Subjects
ASPERGILLUS ,SEVENTEENTH century ,SPECIES diversity ,ASPERGILLUS fumigatus ,HISTORICAL source material ,FLUORESCENCE microscopy - Abstract
Historical paper documents are susceptible to complex degradation processes, including biodeterioration, which can progressively compromise their aesthetic and structural integrity. This study analyses seventeenth century handwritten historical letters stored at the Correr Museum Library in Venice, Italy, exhibiting pronounced signs of biodeterioration. The techniques used encompassed traditional colony isolation on agar plates and proteomics analyses, employing nanoscale liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (nano-LC–MS). Fluorescence microscopy was used for the first time in the historical paper biodeterioration context to supplement the conventional stereoscopic, optical, and scanning electron microscopic imaging techniques. This method enables the visualisation of microorganisms beyond and beneath the paper's surface through their natural intrinsic autofluorescence in a non-invasive and non-destructive way. The results demonstrate a diverse, complex, and abundant microbiota composed of coexisting fungal and bacterial species (Ascomycota, Mucoromycota, Basidiomycota, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria), along with mite carcasses, insects, parasites, and possibly protists. Furthermore, this study reveals certain species that were not previously documented in the biodeterioration of historical paper, including human pathogens, such as Histoplasma capsulatum, Brucella, Candida albicans, and species of Aspergillus (A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. oryzae, A. terreus, A. niger) known to cause infections or produce mycotoxins, posing substantial risk to both artefacts and humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
279. Crack growth and energy dissipation in paper
- Author
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Juha Koivisto, Tero Mäkinen, Mikko J. Alava, Markus Ovaska, Maryam Hanifpour, Complex Systems and Materials, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
- Subjects
Digital image correlation ,Multidisciplinary ,Materials science ,Nonlinear phenomena ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,Hot spot (veterinary medicine) ,02 engineering and technology ,Mechanics ,Dissipation ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,law.invention ,law ,Intermittency ,0103 physical sciences ,Paper sample ,lcsh:Q ,Fracture process ,010306 general physics ,0210 nano-technology ,lcsh:Science - Abstract
Here, we follow the stable propagation of a roughening crack using simultaneously Digital Image Correlation and Infra-Red imaging. In a quasi-two-dimensional paper sample, the crack tip and ahead of that the fracture process zone follow the slowly, diffusively moving “hot spot” ahead of the tip. This also holds when the crack starts to roughen during propagation. The well-established intermittency of the crack advancement and the roughening of the crack in paper are thus subject to the dissipation and decohesion in the hot spot zone. They are therefore not only a result of the depinning of the crack in a heterogeneous material.
- Published
- 2018
280. Optoelectronic nose based on an origami paper sensor for selective detection of pesticide aerosols
- Author
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Anh Quang Tran, Hasan Bagheri, Tien Anh Nguyen, and Mohammad Mahdi Bordbar
- Subjects
Analyte ,Diazinon ,Science ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Pollutant ,Detection limit ,Multidisciplinary ,Chromatography ,Filter paper ,Sensors ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Pesticide ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Chemistry ,Parathion ,chemistry ,Chlorpyrifos ,Medicine ,0210 nano-technology ,Analytical chemistry - Abstract
This study introduces an applicable colorimetric sensor array for the detection of pesticides in the vapor phase. The array consisted of six metal nanoparticles spotted on the piece of filter paper. 3D-origami pattern was used for the fabrication of a paper-based sensor to decrease the effect of the nanoparticles leaching after exposure to analytes. Exposure to pesticide aerosols caused changes in the color of the array due to the aggregation of nanoparticles. These changes provided selective responses to thion pesticides such as malathion, parathion, chlorpyrifos, and diazinon. The sensing assay could also differentiate between aliphatic and aromatic thions and discriminate amine-containing compounds from the other studied analytes. These finding results are clearly confirmed by both visual detection and multivariate statistical methods. The proposed sensor was successfully developed for the quantitative measurement of pesticide aerosols at a very low concentration. The limit of detection of this method determined for malathion, parathion, chlorpyrifos and diazinon were 58.0, 103.0, 81.0 and 117.0, respectively. Moreover, the array could be employed to simultaneously analyze four studied pesticides. The statistcal results confirmed that the method has high performance for concurrent detection of thions as a major air pollutant without the interference of other species.
- Published
- 2020
281. High-throughput rapid-prototyping of low-cost paper-based microfluidics
- Author
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Ghaderinezhad, Fariba, primary, Amin, Reza, additional, Temirel, Mikail, additional, Yenilmez, Bekir, additional, Wentworth, Adam, additional, and Tasoglu, Savas, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
282. In-situ Electrodeposition of Highly Active Silver Catalyst on Carbon Fiber Papers as Binder Free Cathodes for Aluminum-air Battery
- Author
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Hong, Qingshui, primary and Lu, Huimin, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
283. Antibacterial cellulose paper made with silver-coated gold nanoparticles
- Author
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Tsai, Tsung-Ting, primary, Huang, Tse-Hao, additional, Chang, Chih-Jung, additional, Yi-Ju Ho, Natalie, additional, Tseng, Yu-Ting, additional, and Chen, Chien-Fu, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
284. Synthesis of porous polymer/tissue paper hybrid membranes for switchable oil/water separation
- Author
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Cao, Cong-Xiao, primary, Yuan, Jiayin, additional, Cheng, Jin-Pei, additional, and Han, Bao-Hang, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
285. Gold nanozyme-based paper chip for colorimetric detection of mercury ions
- Author
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Han, Kwi Nam, primary, Choi, Jong-Soon, additional, and Kwon, Joseph, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
286. Office paper decorated with silver nanostars - an alternative cost effective platform for trace analyte detection by SERS
- Author
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Oliveira, Maria João, primary, Quaresma, Pedro, additional, Peixoto de Almeida, Miguel, additional, Araújo, Andreia, additional, Pereira, Eulália, additional, Fortunato, Elvira, additional, Martins, Rodrigo, additional, Franco, Ricardo, additional, and Águas, Hugo, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
287. Paper-based RNA detection and multiplexed analysis for Ebola virus diagnostics
- Author
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Magro, Laura, primary, Jacquelin, Béatrice, additional, Escadafal, Camille, additional, Garneret, Pierre, additional, Kwasiborski, Aurélia, additional, Manuguerra, Jean-Claude, additional, Monti, Fabrice, additional, Sakuntabhai, Anavaj, additional, Vanhomwegen, Jessica, additional, Lafaye, Pierre, additional, and Tabeling, Patrick, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
288. A Chemically Patterned Microfluidic Paper-based Analytical Device (C-µPAD) for Point-of-Care Diagnostics
- Author
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Lam, Trinh, primary, Devadhasan, Jasmine P., additional, Howse, Ryan, additional, and Kim, Jungkyu, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
289. Paper strip-embedded graphene quantum dots: a screening device with a smartphone readout
- Author
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Álvarez-Diduk, Ruslan, primary, Orozco, Jahir, additional, and Merkoçi, Arben, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
290. Relationship between Porcine Sperm Motility and Sperm Enzymatic Activity using Paper-based Devices
- Author
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Matsuura, Koji, primary, Huang, Han-Wei, additional, Chen, Ming-Cheng, additional, Chen, Yu, additional, and Cheng, Chao-Min, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
291. Influences of surface treatments with abrasive paper and sand-blasting on surface morphology, hydrophilicity, mineralization and osteoblasts behaviors of n-CS/PK composite
- Author
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Tang, Xiaoming, primary, Huang, Kai, additional, Dai, Jian, additional, Wu, Zhaoying, additional, Cai, Liang, additional, Yang, Lili, additional, Wei, Jie, additional, and Sun, Hailang, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
292. Correction: Corrigendum: Paper-based CRP Monitoring Devices
- Author
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Lin, Shang-Chi, primary, Tzeng, Chung-Yuh, additional, Lai, Po-Liang, additional, Hsu, Min-Yen, additional, Chu, Hsueh-Yao, additional, Tseng, Fan-Gang, additional, and Cheng, Chao-Min, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
293. Ultrathin (<1 μm) Substrate-Free Flexible Photodetector on Quantum Dot-Nanocellulose Paper
- Author
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Wu, Jingda, primary and Lin, Lih Y., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
294. Polymer-Derived Ceramic Functionalized MoS2 Composite Paper as a Stable Lithium-Ion Battery Electrode
- Author
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David, L., Bhandavat, R., Barrera, U., and Singh, G.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
295. Rapid DNA visual detection of polymicrobial bloodstream infection using filter paper.
- Author
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Song Y and Gyarmati P
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Blood Culture, DNA, Escherichia coli genetics, Humans, Bacteremia diagnosis, Coinfection, Sepsis
- Abstract
Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a major complication in patients with cancers due to therapy-induced neutropenia and underlying conditions, which increases hospitalization time and mortality rate. Targeted and timely antimicrobial management is crucial to save the patients' lives and reduce the social and economic burdens. Blood culture is a routine clinical diagnostic method of BSI with a long turnaround time, and generally identifies monomicrobial BSI. Thus, polymicrobial BSI often goes undetected although it occurs more frequently in these patients and results in more severe outcomes compared to monomicrobial BSI. In this work, we apply glutaric anhydride, N-hydroxysuccinimide and N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide to fabricate a functional surface on cellulose filter paper. Targeting three pathogens (Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and human cytomegalovirus) commonly occurring in BSI in neutropenic patients, we demonstrate rapid and accurate triplex pathogen DNA detection using the functionalized paper. All three pathogen DNA was identified in 1-5 min with a detection limit of 0.1-0.5 ng/µL. The developed test tool has the potential to provide rapid polymicrobial BSI diagnosis in support of timely, accurate antimicrobial treatment, and could be integrated into an automatic sample-to-result portable equipment., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
296. High energy storage capabilities of CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 for paper-based zinc-air battery.
- Author
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Bhardwaj U, Sharma A, Gupta V, Batoo KM, Hussain S, and Kushwaha HS
- Abstract
Zinc-air batteries proffer high energy density and cyclic stability at low costs but lack disadvantages like sluggish reactions at the cathode and the formation of by-products at the cathode. To resolve these issues, a new perovskite material, CaCu
3 Ti4 O12 (CCTO), is proposed as an efficacious electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution/reduction reactions to develop zinc-air batteries (ZAB). Synthesis of this material adopted an effective oxalate route, which led to the purity in the electrocatalyst composition. The CCTO material is a proven potential candidate for energy applications because of its high dielectric permittivity (ε) and occupies an improved ORR-OER activity with better onset potential, current density, and stability. The Tafel value for CCTO was obtained out to be 80 mV dec-1 . The CCTO perovskite was also evaluated for the zinc-air battery as an air electrode, corresponding to the high specific capacitance of 801 mAh g-1 with the greater cyclic efficiency and minimum variations in both charge/discharge processes. The highest power density (Pmax ) measured was 127 mW cm-2 . Also, the CCTO based paper battery shows an excellent performance achieving a specific capacity of 614 mAh g-1 . The obtained results promise CCTO as a potential and cheap electrocatalyst for energy applications., (© 2022. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
297. Effect of climate on strategies of nest and body temperature regulation in paper wasps, Polistes biglumis and Polistes gallicus.
- Author
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Stabentheiner A, Nagy JM, Kovac H, Käfer H, Petrocelli I, and Turillazzi S
- Subjects
- Animals, Body Temperature Regulation, Nesting Behavior physiology, Temperature, Water, Wasps physiology
- Abstract
Polistes paper wasps are a widespread taxon inhabiting various climates. They build nests in the open without a protective outer layer, which makes them vulnerable to changing temperatures. To better understand the options they have to react to environmental variation and climate change, we here compare the thermoregulatory behavior of Polistes biglumis from cool Alpine climate with Polistes gallicus from warm Mediterranean climate. Behavioral plasticity helps both of them to withstand environmental variation. P. biglumis builds the nests oriented toward east-south-east to gain solar heat of the morning sun. This increases the brood temperature considerably above the ambience, which speeds up brood development. P. gallicus, by contrast, mostly avoids nesting sites with direct insolation, which protects their brood from heat stress on hot days. To keep the brood temperature below 40-42 °C on warm days, the adults of the two species show differential use of their common cooling behaviors. While P. biglumis prefers fanning of cool ambient air onto the nest heated by the sun and additionally cools with water drops, P. gallicus prefers cooling with water drops because fanning of warm ambient air onto a warm nest would not cool it, and restricts fanning to nests heated by the sun., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
298. Relationship between wettability of pulp fibers and tensile strength of paper during recycling.
- Author
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Jin H, Kose R, Akada N, and Okayama T
- Abstract
The wettability of the paper surface is greatly affected by the wettability of the pulp fibers. We conducted this study in order to understand the relationship between the wettability of a single fiber of recycled pulp and the strength of recycled paper, as well as the inter-fiber bonding strength. The contact angle was determined from a series of photographs of the pulp fiber and the water silhouettes at the point of contact. The contact line and profile history were continuously photographed in every 1 s after the initial contact. The recycled softwood kraft pulp fibers were clearly much less hydrophilic than the original fibers, regardless of whether the fibers had been bleached or not. The contact angle of the original chemi-thermomechanical pulp fiber was much higher than that of the original softwood bleached kraft pulp fiber. Furthermore, increased number of recycling decreased the contact angle of the chemi-thermomechanical pulp fiber. The Page equation was used to evaluate the strength contributions of single fiber and fiber-fiber bonding to tensile strength of paper. As a result, an increase in weakness factor of fiber-fiber bonding strength was obtained for the recycled softwood kraft pulp handsheet. On the other hand, the weakness factor of the original chemi-thermomechanical pulp handsheet decreased with recycling. In addition, the weakness factor of fiber-fiber bonding strength and the contact angles of the provided softwood bleached kraft pulp fibers bore a proportional relationship to each other., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
299. Foldable and Disposable Memory on Paper
- Author
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Lee, Byung-Hyun, primary, Lee, Dong-Il, additional, Bae, Hagyoul, additional, Seong, Hyejeong, additional, Jeon, Seung-Bae, additional, Seol, Myung-Lok, additional, Han, Jin-Woo, additional, Meyyappan, M., additional, Im, Sung-Gap, additional, and Choi, Yang-Kyu, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
300. Physically Transient Memory on a Rapidly Dissoluble Paper for Security Application
- Author
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Bae, Hagyoul, primary, Lee, Byung-Hyun, additional, Lee, Dongil, additional, Seol, Myeong-Lok, additional, Kim, Daewon, additional, Han, Jin-Woo, additional, Kim, Choong-Ki, additional, Jeon, Seung-Bae, additional, Ahn, Daechul, additional, Park, Sang-Jae, additional, Park, Jun-Young, additional, and Choi, Yang-Kyu, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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