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Following the circular bioeconomy concept, this work studies the potential of an industrial wastepaper residue as an alternative raw material for dissolving pulp‐grade production. Prehydrolysis‐kraft cooking (PHK), elemental chlorine‐free (ECF) bleaching, and acid‐washing treatments were applied to achieve that aim. Considering the high lignin and hemicellulose content of the raw material, it was submitted to PHK pulping to enhance its cellulose content by removing those components. This processing resulted in a remarkable increase of 84 % in pulp Fock reactivity (from 45.6 % to 84.1 %). The dissolution extension and time in solvent systems LiCl/DMAc and NMMO/H2O were discussed regarding the pulp physicochemical properties. The dissolving pulp produced under this work showed great potential as raw material for textile applications, particularly highlighting the innovative process developed to improve its solubility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Journal of Materials Science has awarded the 2023 William Bonfield Prize for the best review paper to "Cement hydration mechanisms through time—a review" by Elisabeth John and Barbara Lothenbach. The review examines the work of Henri Louis Le Chatelier and William Michaëlis in the late nineteenth century and proposes pathways for future research in cement hydration mechanisms. The authors provide a comprehensive review with over 150 references, making it valuable for researchers in the field. The review was chosen by Professor Bonfield, who praised its analysis and contribution to the understanding of cement and concrete technology. Honorable mentions were also given to reviews on carbon dots, biopolymer-based treatments for cultural heritage materials, and superwetting membranes for oil/water separation. The William Bonfield Prize was created to honor Professor Bonfield's contributions to the Journal of Materials Science and materials research. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses controlling the duration information lasts on paper so that disappears as desired has crucial for information security. Topics include the information duration on the rewritable paper coated with the title compounds has easily tuned by changing the cation of the compounds; and the fidelity of the information visualization has additionally be used as a time stamp, and a missing anti-counterfeiting label signals.

Paper devices have attracted great attention for their rapid development in multiple fields, such as life sciences, biochemistry, and materials science. When manufacturing paper chips, flexible materials, such as cellulose paper or other porous flexible membranes, can offer several advantages in terms of their flexibility, lightweight, low cost, safety and wearability. However, traditional cellulose paper sheets with chaotic cellulose fiber constitutions do not have special structures and optical characteristics, leading to poor repeatability and low sensitivity during biochemical sensing, limiting their wide application. Recent evidence showed that the addition of ordered structure provides a promising method for manufacturing intelligent flexible devices, making traditional flexible devices with multiple functions (microfluidics, motion detection and optical display). There is an urgent need for an overall summary of the evolution of paper devices so that readers can fully understand the field. Hence, in this review, we summarized the latest developments in intelligent paper devices, starting with the fabrication of paper and smart flexible paper devices, in the fields of biology, chemistry, electronics, etc. First, we outlined the manufacturing methods and applications of both traditional cellulose paper devices and modern smart devices based on pseudopaper (order paper). Then, considering different materials, such as cellulose, nitrocellulose, nature sourced photonic crystals (photonic crystals sourced from nature directly) and artificial photonic crystals, we summarized a new type of smart flexible device containing an ordered structure. Next, the applications of paper devices in biochemical sensing, wearable sensing, and cross-scale sensing were discussed. Finally, we summarized the development direction of this field. The aim of this review is to take an integral cognition approach to the development of smart flexible paper devices in multiple fields and promote communications between materials science, biology, chemistry and electrical science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Nordtest method evaluates the moisture buffer value (MBV) of materials that are being exposed to indoor air. The test simulates daily variations (high RH of 75% for 8 hours, low RH of 33% for 16 hours) in MBV, which in this context refers to the moisture uptake/release in the material when it is exposed to relative humidity (RH) in a square wave. We are looking for ways to increase clay plaster's ability to buffer moisture. Which material has simultaneously a higher ability to buffer moisture and can be added to the clay plaster mixture? The recipe for the specimen included the following: waste paper (newspaper paper), glue (methylcellulose), clay and water. Our research showed that adding paper plaster mixture to the clay plaster mixture increases the moisture buffering ability of the plaster. The bigger the amount of added paper plaster, the better the plaster's ability to buffer moisture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Journal of Materials Science awards the annual Robert W. Cahn Prize to recognize the best paper published in the journal each year. The winner of the 2023 Cahn Prize is a research paper titled "Molecular modelling of graphene nanoribbons on the effect of porosity and oxidation on the mechanical and thermal properties." The paper presents molecular simulation models of graphene nanoribbons and examines the impact of porosity and oxidation on their mechanical and thermal conductivity properties. The paper is well-written and provides valuable insights for researchers in this field. Two other papers were selected as runners-up for the prize. All the monthly finalists for the Cahn Prize can be downloaded for free on the journal's website. [Extracted from the article]

Paper-based biosensors featuring immunoconjugated gold nanoparticles have gained extraordinary momentum in recent times as the platform of choice in key cases of field applications, including the so-called rapid antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2. Here, we propose a revision of this format, one that may leverage on the most recent advances in materials science and data processing. In particular, we target an amplifiable DNA rather than a protein analyte, and we replace gold nanospheres with anisotropic nanorods, which are intrinsically brighter by a factor of ~ 10, and multiplexable. By comparison with a gold-standard method for dot-blot readout with digoxigenin, we show that gold nanorods entail much faster and easier processing, at the cost of a higher limit of detection (from below 1 to 10 ppm in the case of plasmid DNA containing a target transgene, in our current setup). In addition, we test a complete workflow to acquire and process photographs of dot-blot membranes with custom-made hardware and regression tools, as a strategy to gain more analytical sensitivity and potential for quantification. A leave-one-out approach for training and validation with as few as 36 sample instances already improves the limit of detection reached by the naked eye by a factor around 2. Taken together, we conjecture that the synergistic combination of new materials and innovative tools for data processing may bring the analytical sensitivity of paper-based biosensors to approach the level of lab-grade molecular tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper-based biosensors featuring immunoconjugated gold nanoparticles have gained extraordinary momentum in recent times as the platform of choice in key cases of field applications, including the so-called rapid antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2. Here, we propose a revision of this format, one that may leverage on the most recent advances in materials science and data processing. In particular, we target an amplifiable DNA rather than a protein analyte, and we replace gold nanospheres with anisotropic nanorods, which are intrinsically brighter by a factor of ~ 10, and multiplexable. By comparison with a gold-standard method for dot-blot readout with digoxigenin, we show that gold nanorods entail much faster and easier processing, at the cost of a higher limit of detection (from below 1 to 10 ppm in the case of plasmid DNA containing a target transgene, in our current setup). In addition, we test a complete workflow to acquire and process photographs of dot-blot membranes with custom-made hardware and regression tools, as a strategy to gain more analytical sensitivity and potential for quantification. A leave-one-out approach for training and validation with as few as 36 sample instances already improves the limit of detection reached by the naked eye by a factor around 2. Taken together, we conjecture that the synergistic combination of new materials and innovative tools for data processing may bring the analytical sensitivity of paper-based biosensors to approach the level of lab-grade molecular tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• "Ba 3 Bi 2 MoO 9 " compound does not exist. • Mainly a mixture of BaBiO 3 and BaMoO 4 was investigated before. The title paper (Materials Science & Engineering B 296 (2023) 116616) claimed the preparation and detailed characterization by different methods of a novel triple perovskite compound, Ba 3 Bi 2 MoO 9. In this comment, it is shown that the phase Ba 3 Bi 2 MoO 9 does not exist. We show that the absence of the phase analysis resulted in erroneous claims. We demonstrate that the sample in the title paper is mainly a mixture of BaBiO 3 and BaMoO 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The August 2024 issue of the Journal of Materials Science features a cover paper titled "Stabilized CsPbBr3 quantum dots in flower-like LYH matrix for high-performance white light-emitting diodes" by Yanrui Yang and colleagues at Fuyang Normal University in China. The paper explores the production and properties of these materials, with a focus on their luminescence data. The paper is part of the "Chemical routes to materials" Topical Collection, but could also be relevant to the "Electronic materials" Topical Collection. The article is freely accessible online through the SharedIt link provided. The publisher, Springer Nature, maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. [Extracted from the article]

Biphasic interfaces are complex but fascinating regimes that display a number of properties distinct from those of the bulk. The CO2–H2O interface, in particular, has been the subject of a number of studies on account of its importance for the carbon life cycle as well as carbon capture and sequestration schemes. Despite this attention, there remain a number of open questions on the nature of the CO2–H2O interface, particularly concerning the interfacial tension and phase behavior of CO2 at the interface. In this paper, we seek to address these ambiguities using ab initio-quality simulations. Harnessing the benefits of machine-learned potentials and enhanced statistical sampling methods, we present an ab initio-level description of the CO2–H2O interface. Interfacial tensions are predicted from 1 to 500 bars and found to be in close agreement with experiment at pressures for which experimental data are available. Structural analyses indicate the buildup of an adsorbed, saturated CO2 film forming at a low pressure (20 bars) with properties similar to those of the bulk liquid, but preferential perpendicular alignment with respect to the interface. The CO2 monolayer buildup coincides with a reduced structuring of water molecules close to the interface. This study highlights the predictive nature of machine-learned potentials for complex macroscopic properties of biphasic interfaces, and the mechanistic insight obtained into carbon dioxide aggregation at the water interface is of high relevance for geoscience, climate research, and materials science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cost of specialized scientific equipment can be high and with limited funding resources, researchers and students are often unable to access or purchase the ideal equipment for their projects. In the fields of materials science and mechanical engineering, fundamental equipment such as tensile testing devices can cost tens to hundreds of thousands of dollars. While a research lab often has access to a large-scale testing machine suitable for conventional samples, loading devices for meso- and micro-scale samples for in-situ testing with the myriad of microscopy tools are often hard to source and cost prohibitive. Open-source software has allowed for great strides in the reduction of costs associated with software development and open-source hardware and additive manufacturing have the potential to similarly reduce the costs of scientific equipment and increase the accessibility of scientific research. To investigate the feasibility of open-source hardware, a micro-tensile tester was designed with a freely accessible computer-aided design package and manufactured with a desktop 3D-printer and off-the-shelf components. To our knowledge this is one of the first demonstrations of a tensile tester with additively manufactured components for scientific research. The capabilities of the tensile tester were demonstrated by investigating the mechanical properties of Graphene Oxide (GO) paper and thin films. A 3D printed tensile tester was successfully used in conjunction with an atomic force microscope to provide one of the first quantitative measurements of GO thin film buckling under compression. The tensile tester was also used in conjunction with an atomic force microscope to observe the change in surface topology of a GO paper in response to increasing tensile strain. No significant change in surface topology was observed in contrast to prior hypotheses from the literature. Based on this result obtained with the new open source tensile stage we propose an alternative hypothesis we term ‘superlamellae consolidation’ to explain the initial deformation of GO paper. The additively manufactured tensile tester tested represents cost savings of >99% compared to commercial solutions in its class and offers simple customization. However, continued development is needed for the tensile tester presented here to approach the technical specifications achievable with commercial solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper-based analytical devices possess desirable properties such as low cost, convenient production, and rapid output. These advantages over conventional analytical devices have attracted tremendous attention in recent years, and an abundance of fabrication techniques have been achieved with different designs. Related approaches are adopted by scientists and engineers from different research fields to create practical devices tailored for various applications. Among a diverse selection of strategies, paper-based analytical devices featuring enclosed channels can protect its contents from environmental harm, which is helpful in designing paper-based devices aimed toward practical use. However, superior properties of enclosed device designs have often been neglected when a paper-based platform is selected, and related discussion is still lacking in the field. To fill this empty space in the relevant literature, important issues are highlighted and recent research achievements are included in this article, which should have implication for scientists interested in sensing technology, analytical chemistry, material science, and miniaturized devices. For the convenience of reader's understanding, this article provides a general introduction to the basic properties and concepts of paper-based analytical devices. Firstly, commonly used fabrication strategies and detection methods are mentioned, with an in-depth emphasis on paper-based devices with enclosed channels, including breakthroughs in device types, thoughts on novel fabrication, and practical application examples. Subsequently, other important topics related to enclosed paper-based device design are summarized, and future challenges and opportunities in the field are also discussed. Image 1 • Brief introduction to the background of paper-based analytical devices. • In-depth discussion of paper-based analytical devices with enclosed channels. • How enclosed channels improve device lifetime and flow properties. • Challenges and perspective opportunities for enclosed paper-based devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The June 2024 cover image of the Journal of Materials Science features a paper by Liss et al. titled "Recrystallization of bulk nanostructured magnesium alloy AZ31 after severe plastic deformation: an in situ diffraction study." The image is an artistic representation of nanostructured magnesium alloy AZ31 undergoing heating, showcasing the process of recrystallization in reciprocal space. The paper is part of a Special Issue on "Processing Bulk Nanostructured Materials," which includes a total of 28 articles covering various aspects of severe plastic deformation (SPD) in the processing of bulk nanostructured materials. The Special Issue aims to highlight the enduring significance and resilience of research in this field. Both the paper and the preface of the Special Issue have SharedIt links for easy sharing with readers. [Extracted from the article]

The May 2024 issue of the Journal of Materials Science features a cover paper titled "Role of stacking fault energy in confined layer slip in nanolaminated Cu" by Ji et al. The paper explores the deformation of metallic nanolaminates and acknowledges the contribution of Professor Hussein Zbib. The issue is dedicated to honoring Professor Zbib's memory and was conceived by Guest Editors Tariq Khraishi, Georges Ayoub, Sinisa Mesarovic, and Mutasem Shehadeh. The paper includes references to previous work but does not mention any measurements of the intrinsic stacking fault energy. The corresponding author is Professor Shuozhi Xu from the University of Oklahoma, and the last author is Professor I.J. Beyerlein, who has a background in research and was born in Los Alamos. The paper is freely accessible through the SharedIt link provided. [Extracted from the article]

The April 2024 issue of the Journal of Materials Science features a cover paper titled "Self-assembled NIPAM-PEG-NIPAM polymeric nanomicelles for the delivery of zinc protoporphyrin: a potential stimuli-triggered cancer treatment approach" by Bagheri-Meyabad et al. The paper, which is part of the "Materials for Life Sciences" Topical Collection, explores the use of nanomicelles for drug delivery. The corresponding author, Professor Rassoul Dinarvand, is based in Iran and has a strong research background in materials for life sciences. The paper is freely available online and includes supplementary information. [Extracted from the article]

This paper proposed phytoliths as promising for identifying and distinguishing sources of fibre in Chinese handmade papers. For an initial methodological exploration, two types of Raw Xuan (unprocessed Xuan paper) and the two plant materials used in making them—namely rice straw and bark from blue sandalwood (Pteroceltis tatarinowii Maxim.)—were collected. The dry ashing method was used to extract phytoliths from Raw Xuan and its plant materials. The results can be summarized as follows. First, phytoliths characteristic of rice (Oryza sativa) were abundant in both rice straw and Raw Xuan. By looking for rice phytoliths, it is possible to tell whether or not rice straw fibre is used in a particular paper. Second, hair cell phytoliths were observed in considerable quantities in blue sandalwood bark, but absent in the examined papers. Heat experiments showed that phytoliths in blue sandalwood were resistant to long-term heat and they would unlikely be eliminated when exposed to the heat in papermaking (with heat source barely above 200°C). It is hypothesised that they dissolved while cooked in an alkaline pH (limewater). Further studies are necessary to understand whether phytoliths in blue sandalwood—while cooked in limewater—undergo morphological changes and, if yes, how. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper has unique advantages over other materials, including low cost, flexibility, porosity, and self-driven liquid pumping, thus making it widely used in various fields in biology, chemistry, physics and materials science. Recently, many multifunctional and highly integrated membrane-based devices have been achieved with the rapid development of membrane-building materials such as paper and pseudo-paper. Therefore, the rigid boundary between paper and other membranes has become blurred; paper can be considered a flexible membrane, and membranes with appropriately flexible or porous structures can also be defined as paper. Paper can manipulate liquids and respond photoelectrically to external objects to be measured, making it suitable for (bio)chemical sensing (chromatographic analysis, electrochemical analysis and wearable sensing). This review focuses on the development of microfluidic devices built with both traditional paper and other flexible membranes, including fabrication, (bio)chemical sensing, microfluidics manipulation and multiple applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a tribute to Dr. Wladyslaw Walukiewicz, a renowned scientist in the field of compound semiconductors, who passed away in 2022. Dr. Walukiewicz made significant contributions to multiple scientific topics throughout his career and brought together a global community of researchers. His work focused on understanding defects in semiconductors and their impact on material and device performance. The document highlights some of his key achievements, including his research on carrier mobilities, doping limits, band structures, and the discovery of the narrow band gap of InN. The document also mentions a special topic in the Journal of Applied Physics dedicated to Dr. Walukiewicz, which includes various papers that build on his concepts and insights. The authors of the document express their fond memories of Dr. Walukiewicz and his contributions to the scientific community. [Extracted from the article]

The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of hydrogen bonds between fibres on static and dynamic strength properties of paper. A commercial bleached pinewood kraft pulp was soaked in water, refined in a PFI, and used to form paper webs in different solvents, such as water, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and n-butanol, to determine the effect of their dipole moment on static and dynamic strength properties of resulting paper sheets. Paper which was formed in water, being the solvent of the highest dipole moment among the tested ones, showed the highest breaking length and tear resistance. When paper webs were formed in n-butanol, which was the least polar among the solvents, these parameters were reduced by around 75%. These results provide evidence of the importance of water in paper web formation and strong impact of hydrogen bonds between fibres on strength properties of paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some errors exist in the above paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kirigami, the ancient art of paper cutting, has evolved into a design and fabrication framework to engineer multi‐functional materials and structures at vastly different scales. By slit cutting with carefully designed geometries, desirable mechanical behaviors—such as accurate shape morphing, tunable auxetics, super‐stretchability, buckling, and multistability—can be imparted to otherwise inflexible sheet materials. In addition, the kirigami sheet provides a versatile platform for embedding different electronic and responsive components, opening up avenues for building the next generations of metamaterials, sensors, and soft robotics. These promising potentials of kirigami‐based engineering have inspired vigorous research activities over the past few years, generating many academic publications. Therefore, this review aims to provide insights into the recent advance in this vibrant field. In particular, this paper offers the first comprehensive survey of unique mechanical properties induced by kirigami cutting, their underlying physical principles, and their corresponding applications. The synergies between design methodologies, mechanics modeling, advanced fabrication, and material science will continue to mature this promising discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work was focused to design a cheap, rapid, portable and easy to use filter paper based assay for the qualitative and quantitate analysis of acetone. Sodium alginate gel was loaded with the acetone specific optical signal probe, and subsequently coated onto filter paper surface to design portable colorimetric assays for acetone monitoring. The color of the paper sensor strip was observed to change from dark yellow to light yellowish in the presence of varying concentrations of acetone. Three different color analyzing models including RGB, HSV, and LAB were employed to probe the output optical signal, and their performance was compared in terms of better interpretation of the generated signal. The LAB model was found to provide better analytical figures of merit with a linear response for the acetone concentration ranging from 2.5 to 1500 ppm, and a limit of detection of 0.5 ppm. Furthermore, the specificity of the designed filter paper based sensor was demonstrated against different common interfering compounds. The results demonstrated the potential of our proposed filter paper based sensor as a novel tool for the analysis of acetone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The February 2024 issue of the Journal of Materials Science features a cover paper titled "Enhancing the impact property of high-entropy alloys with graphene layers: a molecular dynamics study" by Qing-Xiang Pei et al. The paper explores the use of molecular dynamics simulations to study the impact of a projectile on a high-entropy alloy (HEA) containing layers of graphene. The authors highlight the broad interest in their research, as it appeals not only to the modeling community but also to other communities interested in the materials being modeled. The paper provides valuable insights into the behavior of composite materials and includes figures illustrating the preparation of the model material and the interaction between a projectile and the HEA. The article is freely accessible through the SharedIt link provided, and the corresponding authors can be contacted for access to the data. The publisher, Springer Nature, maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. [Extracted from the article]

The text is an editorial from the Journal of Materials Science discussing a cover paper titled "High-performance, water-resistant and ion-conducting gel used as underwater ECG electrodes" by Shi et al. The paper addresses the challenges of sensing underwater and describes the synthesis and characterization of a single-layer hydrogel electrode that is resistant to swelling in water. The paper is accessible to non-experts and includes photographs, curves, and electrocardiograms to support the findings. Although the article is not open access, it can be accessed through a SharedIt link provided by the publisher. [Extracted from the article]

The article explores how combination of hierarchical structure comprising mechanical and optical function inspire technological classes of devices and interfaces based on robust, light, and spectrally responsive natural substrates. It mentions the strategies for coloration devoid of inorganic pigments.

Professor Grimes summarizes the winning paper and the two runners-up:"Machine learning is certainly of great current interest to address the multivariable materials design challenge. 10.1007/s10853-022-07499-9 5 Wang Z, Lai A, Schuh CA, Radovitzky R. Phase transformation and incompatibility at grain boundaries in zirconia-based shape memory ceramics: a micromechanics-based simulation study. The winner of the 2022 Robert W. Cahn Best Paper award is "Machine learning guided alloy design of high-temperature NiTiHf shape memory alloys" by Udesh M.H.U. Kankanamge, Johannes Reiner, Xingjun Ma, Santiago Corujeira Gallo, and Wei Xu. [Extracted from the article]

With the advent of several tools and web engines trained for finding journal articles out of billions of research papers on millions of topics in different databases with a high degree of generalizability, it often leads to a loss of specificity. Scientific pursuits need a tool to extract data from selected resources for performing domain-specific tasks. Current algorithms and generalized tools lack specificity and are challenged by errors in analysing data from a bundle of specific documents selected eclectically. Current work addresses the need for such a tool, which focuses on specificity based on users' input keywords and phrases to find relevant information from bundles of articles from the web. Reseractor is based on a customized algorithm, Whitespace, in synergy with output from open-access tools for document image analysis and focused domain data extraction using NLP. The current tool is designed for the material science domain with the features of adopting various generalized and scientific corpora as layers. It is tested on two sets of different bundles of papers and gives an accuracy of 81.12% along with a recall of 78.38% and a precision of 84.06%. Owing to the simple and direct applicability of algorithms, users from other domains can directly use their corpora in algorithms and remodel the tool for their purpose. Current work fulfills the need for domain-specific experimental data extraction stored in organized and structured databases for upcoming computational researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Confronted with the significant challenges of global climate change and environmental deterioration, the pursuit of carbon emission peaks and the realization of carbon neutrality have become a collective goal for countries worldwide. As an exemplary combustion technology noted for its efficiency and environmental friendliness, the circulating fluidized bed (CFB) is instrumental in curbing the release of carbon dioxide alongside other deleterious gases. The technology is pivotal in promoting the clean and efficient use of coal, simultaneously expediting the global shift towards a sustainable, green, and low-carbon future. This study employs a bibliometric analysis, a social network analysis, and information visualization techniques to delve into the evolution of CFB technology, leveraging the Web of Science database (SCI-EXPANDED and CPCI-S) and the Derwent Innovations Index (DII). Through a meticulous examination of academic papers and patent literature related to CFB technology, this research unveils the developmental trajectory and trends of CFB technology, providing a scientific foundation and reference for strategic technology planning and focused research in key areas. The findings indicate that, while there is a downward trend in the global publication of academic papers on CFB technology, the number of patent applications continues to grow steadily. CFB technology has achieved significant advancements in enhancing combustion efficiency, environmental protection, energy utilization, and waste management, and is progressing towards a direction of diversification and greater efficiency. Moving forward, the development of CFB technology should concentrate on pivotal areas such as material science, fluid dynamics simulation, environmental impact assessment, system integration, and intelligentization, to foster ongoing innovation and a broad application of the technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, convergence has been presented as one of the technical innovations in many industrial sectors and diffusion has been discussed as providing the main influence on convergence. The present study used the VOSviewer to analyze convergence trends and the current state of joint research, complemented by quantitative analysis using information from scientific papers published in 2015 obtained through the Scopus database. The results of this study illustrate that convergence of research occurring in Korea is evident in a variety of sectors, e.g. chemistry, material science, mechanics and the electrical and electronics sectors. We discovered that a sector performing research characterized by convergence also was actively involved in joint research. We also discovered that institutions conducting many studies were doing so as partners within joint research with other institutions. There are two important applications: The present study identified important information that can be used to monitor convergence and diffusion appears to provide the most influence on convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a facile and cost-effective method to obtain superhydrophobic filter paper and demonstrate its application for efficient water/oil separation. By coupling structurally distinct organosilane precursors (e.g., octadecyltrichlorosilane and methyltrichlorosilane) to paper fibers under controlled reaction conditions, we have formulated a simple, inexpensive, and efficient protocol to achieve a desirable superhydrophobic and superoleophilic surface on conventional filter paper. The silanized superhydrophobic filter paper showed nanostructured morphology and demonstrated great separation efficiency (up to 99.4%) for water/oil mixtures. The modified filter paper is stable in both aqueous solutions and organic solvents, and can be reused multiple times. The present study shows that our newly developed binary silanization is a promising method of modifying cellulose-based materials for practical applications, in particular the treatment of industrial waste water and ecosystem recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Of course, the paper complements the SEM imaging, which is intrinsic to the FIB, with imaging and diffraction in the TEM. The paper does also have a SharedIt link like all articles in JMS (https://rdcu.be/cWW0L) so it can be widely and immediately shared with readers; all papers published in JMS are free-to-read using the SharedIt link from the moment they appear online with their permanent DOI. The cover for the November 2022 issues of the Journal of Materials Science comes from the paper by Tunes et al. which appeared in issue #35 from September 2022 [[1]]. [Extracted from the article]

Here we describe an ultra-low-cost origami-based approach for large-scale manufacturing of microscopes, specifically demonstrating brightfield, darkfield, and fluorescence microscopes. Merging principles of optical design with origami enables high-volume fabrication of microscopes from 2D media. Flexure mechanisms created via folding enable a flat compact design. Structural loops in folded paper provide kinematic constraints as a means for passive self-alignment. This light, rugged instrument can survive harsh field conditions while providing a diversity of imaging capabilities, thus serving wide-ranging applications for cost-effective, portable microscopes in science and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Increasing counterfeiting of important data, currency, stamp papers, branded products etc., has become a major security threat which could lead to serious damage to the global economy. Consequences of such damage are compelling for researchers to develop new high‐end security features to address full‐proof solutions. Herein, we report a dual mode flexible highly luminescent white security paper and nanotaggants composed of nanophosphors incorporated in polymer matrix to form a nanofiber‐based mat for anti‐counterfeiting applications. The dual mode nanofibers are fabricated by electrospinning technique by admixing the composite of NaYF4:Eu3+@NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ nanophosphors in the polyvinyl alcohol solution. This flexible polymer mat derived from nanofibers appears white in daylight, while emitting strong red (NaYF4:Eu3+) and green (NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+) colors at excitation wavelengths of 254 nm and 980 nm, respectively. These luminescent nanofibers can also be encrypted as a new class of nanotaggants to protect confidential documents. These obtained results suggest that highly luminescent dual mode polymeric nanofiber‐based flexible white security paper and nanotaggants could offer next‐generation high‐end unique security features against counterfeiting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using quantum computers for computational chemistry and materials science will enable us to tackle problems that are intractable on classical computers. In this paper, we show how the relative energy of defective graphene structures can be calculated by using a quantum annealer. This simple system is used to guide the reader through the steps needed to translate a chemical structure (a set of atoms) and energy model to a representation that can be implemented on quantum annealers (a set of qubits). We discuss in detail how different energy contributions can be included in the model and what their effect is on the final result. The code used to run the simulation on D-Wave quantum annealers is made available as a Jupyter Notebook. This Tutorial was designed to be a quick-start guide for the computational chemists interested in running their first quantum annealing simulations. The methodology outlined in this paper represents the foundation for simulating more complex systems, such as solid solutions and disordered systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on the use of elemental composition, determined by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), to identify different types of paper. The concentrations of S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Br, Rb, Sr, Ba and Pb were determined in papers from 1555, 1575, 1724, 1748, 1779, 1782, 1787, 1806, 1861, 1919, 1941 and 2005. A preliminary analysis was made with the use of a dendrogram. The Euclidian distances evidenced a big fluctuation in the elemental composition on most recent papers. The dendrogram also allowed us to catalogue the analysed samples into ten types of paper. Calcium, Cu, Fe, Zn and Sr were the only elements found in all paper samples. However the content of each element was different in every paper type. Calcium is the predominant element in all paper types. Applying Spearman coefficients correlations to these papers for Ca, Cu, Fe, Zn and Sr, we found moderate negative correlations between Ca-Cu. Positive correlations were also found between Fe-Cu, though not very strong. High levels of the toxic elements, Co, Ni, As and Pb were present in papers from 1779 and 1787. From this work it becomes clear that the number of elements in modern papers is lower than in older ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyocyanin is a toxin produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here we describe a novel paper-based electrochemical sensor for pyocyanin detection, manufactured with a simple and inexpensive approach based on electrode printing on paper. The resulting sensors constitute an effective electrochemical method to quantify pyocyanin in bacterial cultures without the conventional time consuming pretreatment of the samples. The electrochemical properties of the paper-based sensors were evaluated by ferri/ferrocyanide as a redox mediator, and showed reliable sensing performance. The paper-based sensors readily allow for the determination of pyocyanin in bacterial cultures with high reproducibility, achieving a limit of detection of 95 nM and a sensitivity of 4.30 μA/μM in standard culture media. Compared to the similar commercial ceramic based sensors, it is a 2.3-fold enhanced performance. The simple in-house fabrication of sensors for pyocyanin quantification allows researchers to understand in vitro adaptation of P. aeruginosa infections via rapid screenings of bacterial cultures that otherwise are expensive and time-consuming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing diffractive optical elements is crucial for efficient development of THz techniques. Here, we consider paper structures and we analyze their advantages and disadvantages in fast prototyping. The discussion about using material parameters like refractive index and absorption coefficient in designing diffractive optical elements is shown. We analyze the influence of phase step mismatch, of attenuation of real structure, and of nonuniform illumination on the efficiency of the structure. All these features result in worsening of the diffraction efficiency but they do not seem to have such significant influence as shadow effect introduced by fast varying zones. Diffractive elements can be designed with very good accordance with experimental results which makes them ideal for possible applications. Paper optics scan be used more for fast prototyping; nevertheless its performance can be increased by placing it inside water protecting foil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The potential effect of image noise artefacts on Digital Volume Correlation (DVC) analysis has not been thoroughly studied and, more particularly quantified, even though DVC is an emerging technique widely used in life and material science over the last decade. Objective: This paper presents the results of a sensitivity study to shed light on the effect of various noise artefacts on the full-field kinematic fields generated by DVC, both in zero and rigid body motion. Methods: Various noise artefacts were studied, including the Gaussian, Salt & Pepper, Speckle noise and embedded Ring Artefacts. A noise-free synthetic microstructure was generated using Discrete Element Modelling (DEM), representing an idealistic case, and acting as the reference dataset for the DVC analysis. Noise artefacts of various intensities (including selected extreme cases) were added to the reference image datasets using MATLAB (R2022) to form the outline of the parametric study. DVC analyses were subsequently conducted employing AVIZO (Thermo Fisher). A subset-based local approach was adopted. A three-dimensional version of the Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) was used to define the similarity between the compared image datasets on each occasion. Sub-pixel rigid body motion was applied on the DEM-generated microstructure and subsequently "poisoned" with noise artefacts to evaluate mean bias and random error of the DVC analysis. Results: When the local approach is implemented, the sensitivity study on zero motion data revealed the insignificant effect of the Gaussian, Salt & Pepper, and Speckle noise on the DVC-computed kinematic field. Therefore, the presence of such noise artefacts can be neglected when DVC is executed. On the contrary, Ring Artefacts can pose a considerable challenge and therefore, DVC results need to be evaluated cautiously. A linear relationship between SSIM and the correlation index is observed for the same noise artefacts. Gaussian noise has a pronounced effect on the mean bias error for sub-pixel rigid body motion. Conclusions: Generating synthetic image datasets using DEM enabled the investigation of a variety of noise artefacts that potentially affect a DVC analysis. Given that, any microstructure – resembling the material studied – can be simulated and used for a DVC sensitivity analysis, supporting the user in appropriately evaluating the computed kinematic field. Even though the study is conducted for a two-phase material, the method elaborated in this paper also applies to heterogeneous multi-phase materials also. The conclusions drawn are valid within the environment of the AVIZO DVC extension module. Alternative DVC algorithms, utilising different approaches for the cross-correlation and the sub-pixel interpolation methods, need to be investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a summary of a special issue of the journal Inorganics that focuses on the chemistry of metal complexes with N-donor ligands. The articles cover a wide range of topics, including the coordination chemistry of these complexes, their reactivity, and their applications in various fields such as chemistry, biochemistry, material science, and the chemical industry. The papers discuss the synthesis, characterization, and properties of different types of metal complexes with N-donor ligands, including pyridine, pyrazoles, Schiff bases, and N-heterocyclic compounds. The special issue also includes two review papers that provide an overview of the chemistry of transition metal salts with ammonia-ligand complexes and the NMR spectroscopic and structural features of gold(III) cyclometallated compounds. Overall, these articles contribute to the understanding of the diverse and rapidly developing field of inorganic complex chemistry. [Extracted from the article]

The given text is a compilation of research papers on various topics related to metallurgy and materials science. The papers cover a wide range of subjects, including new materials, physical metallurgy, process metallurgy, plastic processing of metals and alloys, and more. The papers provide valuable insights and experimental results in their respective fields of study. This document is a valuable resource for library patrons conducting research in the field of materials science and metallurgy. [Extracted from the article]

My comments concern the significant errors in the crystallographic part of the commented paper. The diffraction patterns are erroneously analysed. The studied sample contain two phases what can influence on the final results of experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text announces the special issue of Analytical Letters, which features selected papers from the 14th edition of the International Conference on Processes in Isotopes and Molecules (PIM 2023) held in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The conference brought together scientists from academia, research institutes, and industry to discuss their latest results and promote interdisciplinary research activities. The main topics of the conference included stable isotopes, molecules, biomolecules, photonics, green energy, innovative technologies, and nanostructured and hybrid materials. The special issue includes research papers on topics such as batteries, biomaterials, carbon-based composites, and applied research. [Extracted from the article]