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Cultural diversity poses a challenge to mental Health care systems in many settings. Specialized cultural consultation services have been developed in a number of countries as a way to supplement existing services. The objective of this paper is to compare and contrast cultural consultation services in Montreal, London, and Paris to determine how culture and society have shaped the evolution of these services to meet local sensitivities and imperatives. Historical contexts of the sites, their descriptions and origins, how they categorize cultural, ethnic, and linguistic diversity, and their intake procedures are compared and contrasted according to a standardized template of themes. Data came from site visits and participant observation at each site. For historical, political, and cultural reasons, categorization of diversity and intake procedures differ markedly by site: Montreal focuses on language categories and language proficiency; London enumerates ethnic diversity according to officially mandated categories; and Paris does not gather ethnic data on its patients in any form. The process of cultural consultation, specifically its triage and intake procedures, is profoundly influenced by local histories and social norms that are maintained by professional cultures of psychiatry in each setting. To properly place their patients in context, cultural psychiatrists must not only aim to understand the culture of the other, but also must consider the culture of the mainstream society and how it shapes the delivery of services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adhémar Barré de Saint-Venant has significantly contributed to the engineering sciences. His professional career can be divided into mainly two parts. Namely, until 1852, he made contributions through his engineering works as a practicing engineer and his scientific works at two French academic institutions. He retired at an early age from these institutions, moving with his family to the family castle close to the city of Vendôme, 170 km southwest of Paris. Saint-Venant is particularly known for his research in elasticity, his formulation of the shallow water equations, his hydraulic works, and his interest in the history of technology. He was a person who cared for the professional advance of his colleague Boussinesq, both by posing him relevant problems, thereby elevating Boussinesq's name as an outstanding physicist, and by his wide connections in the French academic world to which the shy and modest Boussinesq was introduced by his master. The Correspondence allows for an alternative insight into the relationship between these two scientists, which also includes their families. When the Correspondence started in 1868, Saint-Venant had already passed the age of 70. Given this age, he felt himself no longer able to tackle new problems by himself alone. He found in Boussinesq an extraordinary pupil and colleague who mainly supported his master in advancing a large number of scientific questions. The Correspondence thus evidences the sometimes long developments of a final solution to a problem of common interest. In addition, the Correspondence also includes questions on ethics, religion, and the history of sciences. The role of their wives is also highlighted because they had a strong impact on the social relation between the two families. This work is concluded with hardly seen obituaries of more private than professional nature, by which the many facts not included in the Correspondence are evidenced. In addition, a number of letters written by the eldest son of Saint-Venant to Boussinesq are presented, in which the fate of the many unfinished papers of Saint-Venant is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If there is a work of fiction relevant to the document library and its contents directly to the delicate, the exquisite Notre-Dame de Paris by the French Writer Victor Hugo draws our attention to the density of signifiers and symbols that charging by the Office, in addition to poetic discourse and narrative in which the tyranny on this novel. So still many student critics, and even readers seeking to value-expressive, which has affected the spaces of this novel and their capitals with connotations and additional services the vision of the writer, which I use also elements of Islam from the narrative and dialogue characters specialized to read narrative dimensions of social, psychological, and religious. Proceeding from that, based on this research paper in their office, on the front four and the finale. Been in the show problematic search, relevance and product followed and then the most important previous studies the image of the office with a brief definition of the terms place and space. Came early the first is a study of the peculiarities of the historical place, while the second semantics space across the sub-headings of the facts of the novel, and in particular the third building to study the symbolism of the space of the streets of Paris and their referents, usually early treatment the fourth and final symbolic space of the Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris. Then outlined the conclusion the most important results of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to cast light on specifically French constructions of gender, citizenship and nationhood and articulate two bodies of work, one dealing with political mobilizations of racialized minorities in the French context, and the other dealing with gender concerns in urban policy. Emerging social movements in the urban area of Paris are having to take position in a context in which a normative 'state feminism' is being used to stigmatize working-class neighbourhoods in the banlieues as well as their male inhabitants. This paper considers the 'double bind' in which feminist activists, and women more generally, find themselves as a result. It argues that some formerly silenced groups are being granted space for expression by the current foregrounding of 'women' in urban policy. Drawing on bell hooks' insights on the margin/centre tension in feminist theory as a useful way of thinking about the spatial dimension of these issues, the paper looks at one group in particular that defines itself and its strategies in spatial terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1919 Greater Paris competition was the first attempt at metropolitan planning in France. Paris was then the fourth largest city in the world. As in other metropolises, congestion and hazardous urban growth were its main problems. The need of planning was evident. However, the long-term city–suburb conflict, the legal constraints, and the political divergences hindered the realization of a comprehensive plan. In this context, an international competition was launched. The prize-winner was the French architect Léon Jaussely. Although Greater Paris competition did not result in a comprehensive plan straightaway, it constitutes a turning point in Paris’s planning history. Through research on unpublished sources preserved in different Parisian archives, this paper aims firstly to reconstruct the process of the competition. The thorough reports of the jury offer an entirely new approach to the study of this kind of competition, since they allow us to comprehend the preoccupations of the administrations in charge. Secondly, it intends to examine the projects, connecting their solutions with international models and debates. It focuses on those concerning the comprehensive plan and particularly on Jaussely’s awarded project. Finally, the long-term influence of the competition will be discussed and regarded within the international context. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper explores the phenomenon of "jaytalking," a popular type of urban speech in Paris during the fin-de-sicle, the usual form of which was graffiti written on the streets and other public spaces of the city. It explores the forms that graffiti took, the spaces used for jaytalking, the types of messages left by jaytalkers, as well as some of the discernable traits of the authors of graffiti and their readers. It examines this graffiti--whether political, obscene, sincere, humorous, or just plain cranky--as a means by which ordinary Parisians hijacked the city street, creatively resisting the limited and sanctioned uses of that space and turning it into a canvas for their opinions, resentments, and rage. And it asserts that city streets in the late nineteenth-century, despite their careful regulation by the Paris police force, continued to be places of inventiveness, defiance, anger, humor, and self-expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the rise and decline of social movements in Amsterdam and Paris, focusing in particular on the organizations of left-wing immigrant workers. These organizations performed crucial roles for new social movements in the 1970s and 1980s but were isolated and coopted in the 1990s and early 2000s. To explain why this is so, we engage in a dialogue with Jacques Rancière and develop an understanding of cities as strategic sites for both politicization and policing. Cities serve as sites of politicization because they are incubators of the relational conduits that enable activists from different sectors to engage with one another's struggles and look beyond narrow temporal and spatial horizons. However, cities also serve as sites of policing because authorities constantly attempt to reconfigure governmental arrangements in such a way that civil society serves as an extension of the government and comes to fulfill an instrumental role in the development and implementation of policy. Just as politicizing implies the widening of temporal and spatial horizons, policing implies the narrowing of such horizons. The analysis shows the social movements of the 1960s lost steam in two of the major hubs of the new left and reveals some of the more universal mechanisms through which cities generate or quell dissent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]