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In order to improve the accuracy of productivity calculation and prediction, this paper aims to establish a mathematical model, which takes multi-factor revision into account, to evaluate the personnel operational capacity (POC) of aircraft assembly lines. Firstly, the assembly operation is divided into assembly operating elements (AOEs), which is based on the features of aircraft assembling and is for the provision of statistical units. Secondly, effective man-hour (EMH) is adopted as a yardstick to measure the POC. Then, considering the technical characteristics and environmental constraints of the real assembly line, detailed quantitative descriptions about the chosen key factors, namely assembling accuracy, learning effect, and assembling intensity, are provided, and these quantitative descriptions are used for the revision of the EMH in order to guarantee a higher precision. After that, several critical parameters such as the cycle time, tact time, and output of an assembly line can be solved out, from which the POC can be analyzed and reflected. Finally, this method has been successfully applied to a practical case, and the result justifies its advantage as well as feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]