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Attendance rate is an important indicator of students' study motivation, behavior and Psychological status; however, the heterogeneous nature of student attendance rates due to the course registration difference or the online/offline difference in a blended learning environment makes it challenging to compare attendance rates. In this paper, we propose a novel method called Relative Attendance Index (RAI) to measure attendance rates, which reflects students' efforts on attending courses. While traditional attendance focuses on the record of a single person or course, relative attendance emphasizes peer attendance information of relevant individuals or courses, making the comparisons of attendance more justified. Experimental results on real-life data show that RAI can indeed better reflect student engagement. [For the full proceedings, see ED615472.]

This study reports on the 2019-2020 October-February cycle of the project, Blending Massive Open Online Courses in English Teacher Education with Telecollaboration (BMELTET). The project blends the MOOC "Understanding Language" (Futurelearn) with telecollaboration -- or Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) or Virtual Exchange (VE). It involves students enrolled on teacher education courses at both undergraduate level (from Spain) and postgraduate level (from the UK and China). This work discusses some of the challenges encountered in this 2019-2020 pre-COVID cycle and proposes, in line with other previous related studies, that telecollaboration is troublesome for students as it takes them out of their comfort zone. It does not align with what they were expecting to study at university. At the same time, BMELTET illustrates the gains that students and staff can make when engaging in such a project and its transformational impact on their beliefs. [For the complete volume, "CALL for Widening Participation: Short Papers from EUROCALL 2020 (28th, Online, August 20-21, 2020)," see ED610330.]

Zhuji station is one of the important rainfall stations of puyangriver basin. By forecast of zhuji station's rainfall, we can provide the basis information support to Puyang river basin flood control decision. Once there were many predicting methods, such as ANN, etc. But these methods are not very precisely. This paper uses wavelet analysis to decompose rainfall series, then it uses ANFIS to modeling the decomposed series, in the end it combined these series. The result shows that, the prediction accuracy rises a lot, and it is fit to use in rainfall predict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper articulates the effective transformation from low-knowledge workers into high-value human capital by service management innovation. By using a Chinese catering establishment as an example, the paper specifically explicates management practices rooted in the indigenous culture contributing to human capital development, ultimately obtaining superior firm performance. On the one hand, these practices lead to a high level of trust and employee commitment, employee optimization, brand creation, and internal service innovation; on the other, they also form a strong type of social control in the given cultural context, contributing to employee retention. We challenge the literature that often regards high-skilled workers as human capital and promote additional ways to obtain value-added resource-based competitive advantage through service management innovation. We highlight the significance of linking management innovation to human capital development in a service environment with low-knowledge workers, involving multiple stakeholders in the given cultural and economic context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hong Kong is known for its simple and low rate tax system. Its current schedular income tax mechanism has its origin from the United Kingdom back in the 1940s. When capital gains tax (CGT) was introduced in the UK in 1965, no similar step was taken in Hong Kong. The economic and social conditions underlying the original design of the system have changed dramatically over the years and will continue to change, but the system itself remains largely the same without much reform to keep pace with these changes. Furthermore, recent years have seen Hong Kong develop one of the world's least affordable housing markets, exerting a profound influence on the prospects of the city and its people, particularly the younger generation. Among other things, the tax measures undertaken by the Hong Kong government in tackling the situation focus solely on stamp duty levied on transactions involving residential properties. This paper argues for the need to introduce in Hong Kong a CGT with Hong Kong characteristics with a view to reducing speculative property investment, stabilising the housing market and alleviating the social divide between the rich and the poor. The stamp duty changes in recent years show that the tax system in Hong Kong is not wholly immune from changes and in fact Hong Kong people are not necessarily resistant to any of such changes. This paper also provides a design of the proposed CGT, with references to its equivalent in the United Kingdom (UK) and taking into account the peculiar Hong Kong circumstances and characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's urban railway network already covers 80 percent of the country. The support of a continuous line is inextricably linked to the rapid expansion of railways. The seamless line has a complex structure, a long working period, and is susceptible to environmental and other factors. This paper mainly studies the design and implementation of seamless line displacement data detection by using image recognition technology and machine learning technology. This topic trains and learns the digital content in the seamless line displacement scale through the machine learning SVM classification algorithm, and then identifies the scale mark and other data by image analysis to calculate the final displacement. In this way, the accuracy of the identified displacement data is very high. This study detects the displacement of the seamless line and gives early warning when the displacement exceeds the safety range. After receiving the early warning information, the management personnel can handle it in time to avoid danger. Some railway portions in Harbin have been subjected to the study. The research can assist railway management departments in detecting seamless line facilities and improving maintenance efficiency. At the same time, it can provide timely warnings of potentially risky information, reducing the likelihood of accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the area of arable land in China has been decreasing year by year. This is in sharp contrast to the massive infrastructure construction program. This raises a question: how to make full use of limited land resources for large-scale construction. Fortunately, the sustainability concept has been increasingly accepted to be a key aspect of engineering design and construction. Based on this important background, concepts of foundation treatment technology development are introduced in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher vocational education in the field of rail transit has entered a new period of development owing to the reform and opening up. Based on the current situation of "One Belt, One Road", the higher vocational education in the field of rail transit conforms to the overall situation of service, and helps China's higher vocational education enter into the international market. This paper analyzes the development prospects of rail transit, then discusses the sustainability and feasibility of the internationalization of higher vocational education and concludes the ways of sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CiteSpace III is used to do the knowledge map analysis to all the innovation diffusion research literature collected in the Web of Science core set database. Time and space distribution, key national network, co-cited reference and co-word knowledge maps, such as in the field of innovation diffusion is analyzed on the distribution, change trends and hop topics. The study results show 1) China and the USA are leading in the field of innovation diffusion research, 2) earlier studies mainly focused on the macro level to forecast the new product sales by using the Bass model and its extended model, 3) the current research has focused on from micro level to analyze the evolution of the innovation diffusion behavior by simulation method 4) the hot topics of innovation diffusion research mainly includes the acceptance and adoption of innovative technology, the influencing factors of innovation diffusion, innovation diffusion power, innovation diffusion model and simulation study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze, from an ethical and legal point of view, the way in which drones are implemented and used for video monitoring. As such, we will focus on how drones have changed the legal landscape regarding public monitoring by state actors in situations regarding public safety, administrative and judicial tasks, but also during special events. As such, the paper will evaluate the legal ramifications and instruments from EU and USA while comparing them to practices handled by the People’s Republic of China. Furthermore, we will consider the ethical use of drones in conducting state activities. We will scrutinize the methods used by state agents in handling their tasks with drones, by comparing legal systems, using secondary data analysis and by having descriptive and correlational quantitative research. The article also aims to identify if enough practice (administrative and legal) has been conducted to ensure that data protection has been safeguarded and whether interstate actions could pose a threat to the rule of law. In essence, we will interpret important case law from USA and Europe regarding the usage of cameras and other video monitoring devices, stationary and mobile, and also to figure out if its applicable to drones. If said legislation or legal practice exists and if not, we will spell out if its ethical or not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anchored in the researchers’ investigation and experience during the internship at a middle school in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, this dissertation, carried out under the guidance of the theory of chunk teaching method, sorts out the current research results and findings on chunk teaching method, and then analyzes the differences between the chunk teaching method and other traditional writing teaching methods from the perspectives of contents and functions, which draws a conclusion that the utilization of chunk teaching method in China is of great significance to the improvement of middle school students’ abilities in English writing. Before writing this paper, researchers conducted a series of preliminary preparations such as questionnaires, interviews and the same-topic writing tests. With that in mind, this dissertation reveals the chunk teaching method’s capability of more or strengthening middle students’ English writing ability, and thus demonstrates the effectiveness of chunk recitation in English writing teaching in China’s middle schools, which provides reference and critical materials for scholars in this field [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese traditional costume culture is regarded as a part of Chinese culture. Inheriting and propagating traditional Chinese costume culture around the world are the missions of the times for the Chinese people. China in the 21st century is infinitely close to the center of the world stage because of its rapid economic growth, which inevitably asks for the corresponding share of international discourse. Therefore, China's external communication should not only be considered in the political and economic aspects but should pay more attention to its traditional culture, which makes it easier to change foreigners’ impression of China from the inward. Taking cheongsam (also called qipao) as an example, this paper aims to research the development of Chinese traditional costume culture and to explore the fresh approaches of the international communication of Chinese traditional costume culture under the background of a new era, increasing the international influence of traditional Chinese costume culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the increasing scholarly attention to disinformation, there is a lack of research on policies of disinformation, which has extended beyond social media to cover other aspects of disinformation distribution. This study is an investigation into a specific aspect of disinformation policy, intermediaries, defined as all channels, carriers, means, and mechanisms that enable disinformation creation, distribution, transmission, dissemination, and consumption, using technology or through traditional methods. Using an inductive thematic analysis approach, this study examined existing information policies in China and the United States and identified a wide range of disinformation intermediaries that are currently regulated or have the potential to be regulated by the government. The paper reports on these intermediaries and offers an analysis of the contexts of disinformation regulation in the two countries. The findings provide empirical evidence on current disinformation policy practices that may assist researchers, policymakers, and legislators in understanding the current disinformation policy landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite a large body of literature on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), studies on young children's usage of media technology in China are still scant. This paper characterises the variations in Chinese parental acceptance and intent to continue related to their children's use of web-based English as a Foreign Language (EFL) technologies. A sample of 20 parents from an inland city in China participated in individual interviews and reported factors affecting their acceptance and preferences. Thematic analysis reveals that parents' beliefs about EFL affect the perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of EFL technologies. The study has also found that Chinese parents are now attaching more importance to children's emotional and social skills development. [For the complete volume, "Education 4.0 Revolution: Transformative Approaches to Language Teaching and Learning, Assessment and Campus Design," see ED607129.]

Homeschooling is an alternative method of teaching where parents take the responsibility of education and teach their children at home. This method of education is increasing worldwide. Various authorities around the world have taken note of this trend and recognized homeschooling as an alternative method of education in their legislation. The paper examines the educational policy and practice of homeschooling in the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) through a literature study, with the aim of comparing the five countries to hit. It also looks at what the BRICS countries can learn from each other regarding homeschooling. Most of the BRICS countries have education law that does not provide for homeschooling. In the countries where homeownership is legal, there are strict requirements that must be met. These requirements place a heavy burden on home school parents. However, it is clear from the investigation that homeschooling is increasing in the BRICS countries legally and illegally. There are also other similarities arising from the study.

This study investigates the use of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems to epitomize second language (L2) listeners' problems in perception of TED talks. ASR-generated transcripts of videos often involve recognition errors, which may indicate difficult segments for L2 listeners. This paper aims to discover the root-causes of the ASR errors and compare them with L2 listeners' transcription mistakes. Our analysis on the ASR errors revealed several categories, such as minimal pairs, homophones, negative cases, and boundary misrecognition, which are assumed to denote the challenging nature of the respective speech segments for L2 listeners. To confirm the usefulness of these categories, we asked L2 learners to watch and transcribe a short segment of TED videos, including the above-mentioned categories of errors. Results revealed that learners' transcription mistakes substantially increase when they transcribe segments of the audio in which ASR made errors. This finding confirmed the potential of using ASR errors as a predictor of L2 learners' difficulties in listening to a particular audio. Furthermore, this study provided us with valuable data to enrich the Partial and Synchronized Caption (PSC) system we proposed earlier to facilitate and promote L2 listening skills. [For the complete volume of short papers, see ED572005.]

This paper reports a 3-month study investigating engineering students' Communication Strategies (CSs) in a mobile-assisted course. 67 Chinese learners of English in this course volunteered to participate in the study. The instruments included oral communication sessions, stimulated recall interviews, WeChat exchanges, etc. Results showed that the participants used a variety of CSs when completing the academic tasks. Moreover, these CSs were closely related to the students' involvement in meaning negotiation while they were interacting to complete learning tasks. It is suggested that instructors have CS training tailored to their students' learning tasks. Future research should focus on a longitudinal investigation of the transfer of CSs across tasks. [For the complete volume of short papers, see ED572005.]

Global competition results in an overall demand for higher skills. In the competitive world, China has no choice but to adjust themselves to become more efficient, productive, and flexible. Higher education in China has played a key role in achieving socialist economy and modernization. Since the open-door policy in the 1980s, there has been a shift from elite to mass education, practice of corporate managerialism in education governance, privatization of education, and spread of transnational education in the tertiary sector. The author first attempts to explore the strategies that have been adopted in higher education reform in China. Then there are reviews of the roles of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Initiative in higher education reform in China. Higher education reform has allowed mainland China to identify a small group of universities to be measured alongside the best universities in North America and Europe. However, there are also some backwash effects created from these trends of restructuring of higher education in China. [For the complete Volume 21 proceedings, see ED629259.]

In this era of globalization, mobile learning is increasingly becoming a new paradigm to promote teachers' core literacy. In this study, teachers in rural secondary schools in South China were selected as respondents, and the correlation between mobile learning and teachers' subject core literacy was proved by using SPSS22.0 software. The study concluded that mobile learning for Chinese rural secondary school teachers is deficient at the level of social interactivity, the learners (teachers) themselves and mobile learning devices. Therefore, enhancing the social interaction level of mobile learning, stimulating the demand for m-learning among rural secondary school teachers and Increasing Equipment Support are crucial to improving teachers' subject core literacy in rural secondary schools. [For the full proceedings, see ED639391.]

This study aimed to build a model to detect the factors to enhance student engagement and learning development in mobile learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Data from a total of 400 junior-high-school students were collected in China in the fall semester of 2020, and a large proportion of students preferred accessing their study with cellphones (67.0%) than with computers (11.8%), laptops (11.3%) or pads (10.0%). Exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used for data analysis. The fitness of the items for each scale of the student engagement and learning development indicated a sufficient fit (X[superscript 2][subscript (19)] = 41.252, GIF = 0.974, AGFI = 0.951, CFI = 0.986, RMSEA = 0.054, NNFI = 0.979, IFI = 0.986). The results of SEM analysis show that emotional engagement is the most important factor (r[superscript 2] = 0.859) in the model, and student engagement has a significant positive impact on learning development in mobile learning. The findings of this study provide a good reference for enhancing student engagement or fostering students' learning development in mobile learning. [For the full proceedings, see ED639391.]

TVET is an education and training process with a strong emphasis on industry practises that strives to generate competent workers in particular fields. Cooperation with industry in TVET has the potential to improve the quality and relevance of TVET programmes and equip students with the practical skills and knowledge demanded by employers. Thus, there is a need for a complete bibliometric study of research linked to collaboration between TVET and industry, despite the fact that the number of studies in this field continues to increase. The bibliometric analysis in this research which was extracted from Web of Science database is analyze using VOSviewer. The research conducted a descriptive analysis of the publication number trends, the top authors and leading journals in this field. Next, the researcher also analyzed the co authorship based on authors and countries, research trends, citation and keywords analysis as well as co citation analysis. The article found that most of the articles in this field are published by authors from developed countries where the majority is from the United States. Other than that, the recent research hotspot were also identified indicating the future direction of the research in this field. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]

"Proceedings of International Conference on Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology" includes full papers presented at the International Conference on Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology (ICEMST) which took place on May 18-21, 2023 in Cappadocia, Turkey. The aim of the conference is to offer opportunities to share ideas, to discuss theoretical and practical issues and to connect with the leaders in the fields of education. The conference is organized annually by the International Society for Technology, Education, and Science (ISTES). The ICEMST invites submissions which address the theory, research or applications in all disciplines of education. The ICEMST is organized for: faculty members in all disciplines of education, graduate students, K-12 administrators, teachers, principals and all interested in education. After peer-reviewing process, all full papers are published in the Conference Proceedings. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]

This study aims to examine the research published in the Web of Science database on Curriculum Alignment using the bibliometric analysis method. A bibliometric analysis of the studies included in the research was conducted on August 10, 2023. The "Web of Science Core Collection" was searched by entering the keyword "Curriculum Alignment." One hundred-five studies were included in the evaluation. VOSviewer package program was used for bibliometric analysis of article data. According to the general data of bibliometric analysis, 105 studies were published in 42 different sources, and the average number of citations per document was 11.21. When the distribution of articles according to publication years is examined, most articles were published in 2021. It was understood that there were more publications on Curriculum Alignment in the journals Chemical Education and Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice. It has been determined that studies on curriculum alignment are concentrated in the United States; The United States was followed by Australia, England, South Africa, Canada, and the People's Republic of China, respectively. It has been determined that topics such as learning outcomes, curriculum mapping, problem-based learning, analytical competencies, in-service teachers, enacted curriculum, curriculum change, collaboration, and assessment design are current issues discussed together with curriculum alignment. A limited number of studies have been conducted on Curriculum Alignment in Turkey. It may be recommended to conduct new studies on the subject. [For the full proceedings, see ED652261.]

In this paper, I made a historical and philosophical reflection on the social scientific categorization of "rural children" (nongcun ertong) in contemporary Chinese discourses of educational equality. The empowerment discourse about them as an educationally marginalized group based on scientific inquiry into their problems reflects a new understanding and management of social justice and progress envisioned by scientific description of groups of people. In historicizing "naming" as a crucial and changing practice in Confucian moral-political governance, Maoist "class line" (jiejiluxian) and post-Maoist scientism, I propose to challenge the de-ideologicalization (quyishixingtaihua) of social scientific categories as natural representations of people, and to explore how new hierarchies are produced in the scientific, humanitarian and capitalist turn of post-socialist China.

Debugging is the most difficult part of programming for novices. Through comparative experiments, this paper compares the differences between novices and the experts in the debugging process from the perspective of the frequency of each debugging skill behavior and the connection of each behavior. The study find that there is a difference in the behavior of novices and experts in generating hypotheses, and the behavior transition of novices and experts also changed according to the difficulty of the task. [Author name omitted due to Chinese characters.]

In recent years, the production and the export rate of tea has shown a non-convincing result when compared to other leading tea producing nations like China. China is still the leading tea producing country and for India to compete, the production rate and export rate must be improved. Tea produced in India are one of the finest across the globe and it is because of climate, the way of maintaining tea gardens and also the importance given by people towards tea farming although can be improved by large. An attempt by factor analysis is done to prioritize the factors and focus on those top prioritized factors namely material processing of tea for improving export rates and achieving sustainable productivity. This research paper focuses on this problem by collecting and analysing the sustainability factors in tea material processing using COPRAS and WASPAS tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(COVID-19) is an epidemic disease with symptoms similar to the flu. Since December 2019, the new Coronavirus has appeared in China and spread all around the world. As a result, the rapid and severe spread. For example, computed tomography (CT) and x-rays are utilized to find an available and accurate diagnostic tool. Artificial intelligence technologies make a significant contribution to the diagnosis and analysis of medical images. As a consequence, it was used to detect and diagnose Covid-19. Thus, the entire major medical scanning will be covered in this review paper, especially Focus mostly on last year's combination of Artificial Intelligence with CT and X-ray. Both are commonly used on front-line medical clinics to identify the recent results of fighting COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper looks at continuity and discontinuity of teachers' perception and enactment of civic values such as equality, democracy, freedom, cohesion and globalization in China and the U.S. Applying qualitative methodologies, this paper finds that, beyond the myth of citizenship education toward China and United States, there are common ideals and imperfections around democracy, treatment of diversities, and global consciousness. Particularly there has been common gap between perception and enactment in both countries. The interpretation and implementation of these ideas are different based on the social discourse. Also, this paper argues that cross-cultural lessons for the field of Education can be gained by examining citizenship education in comparison.

Based on a conceptual framework of innovation rooted in a broad stimulus-capacity building innovation system, the focus of this paper is on two very successful firms in mature industries (automotive and mining equipment) in the fast-growing South-East China region. Both firms grew significantly during the period of massive economic development of China since 1990. This paper details in a qualitative case study research method the introduction of innovation in China by these two 'outlier' firms'. Such an examination of two 'outliers' can shed light on a path from imitation to substantive innovation that traverses through what is identified in this study as modification. Their success can inform the conceptual framework in terms of the specific decisions and actions taken and map out an innovation path to sustained competitive advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It describes each component element of Chinese ink painting in detail. Firstly, this paper presents brush emulation based on physical calculation. Then, it proposes the ink painting decomposition research technique, and proposes the simulation model system of the Chinese ink painting effect. This model had considered the writing brush model, as well as rice paper model of the water ink proliferation mode minutely. In addition, it proposed the transfusion mechanical mode which considered the gluewater's influence. So it had finished the ink proliferated interactive technology mode fusion physical and ink characteristic. It conformed to the Chinese ink painting unique style, and might carry on the effect according to the parameter the control, which caused the ink painting more vivid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effective design and use of Automated Writing Evaluation (AWE) tools in developing English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners' writing skill and learner autonomy have remained great challenges for system designers, developers, and EFL instructors compared with that of the pencil-paper writing in the context of regular teacher-fronted classroom in Chinese higher educational institutions. The function of Corrective Feedback (CF) provided by the "Pigai" system, i.e. a web-based AWE tool in China (http://www.pigai.org/), can be reflected on the students' writing scripts. To measure if AWE-based CF is beneficial to EFL learners in improving their writing skill as well as learner autonomy, a study was carried out based on the "Pigai" system in a web-based college English course which focuses on developing learners' output abilities. The correlated data and feedback showed that the application of AWE-based CF, i.e. 10-minute online writing performance, did have a marked impact on EFL learners' writing skill and learner autonomy. In this paper, the effects of using the AWE system and its CF on students' efficacy in English writing as well as its pedagogical effectiveness will be discussed. Learners' perceptions toward AWE-based CF and the effective use of AWE tools in EFL contexts will also be covered. [For full proceedings, see ED564162.]

In recent years an increasing number of Chinese international students have made a decision to attend regional Australian universities rather than following the large city tendency. However, so far little attention has been paid to this trend. This paper proposes a holistic theoretical framework to interpret Chinese students' decision-making in choosing regional Australian higher education. Inspired by the Engel-Kollat-Blackwell (EKB) model, according to which choices, factors and process are main components in people's decision-making, this paper combines the following three theoretical approaches. Firstly, in cognitive perspective, six choices relating to Australian higher education made by international students (Duan, 1997) provide a theoretical basis to explain core choices of Chinese students about regional Australian higher education. Secondly, using migration theory, Mazzarol and Soutar's push-pull model (2002) refers to factors influencing Chinese students' decision-making of regional Australian higher education. Thirdly, again in terms of cognitive perspective, three classic decision-making process models (Lawley (1993), Duan (1997), and Pimpa (2002)) offer an additional insight to analyze Chinese international students' decision-making process. By integrating these three approaches, the framework develops a multidimensional and systematic theoretical comprehension of Chinese international students' decision-making in selecting regional Australian higher education.

Rivers are drying up most frequently in West Liaohe River plain and the bare river beds present fine sand belts on land. These sand belts, which yield a dust heavily in windy days, stress the local environment deeply as the riverbeds are eroded by wind. The optimal operation of water resources, thus, is one of the most important methods for preventing the wind erosion of riverbeds. In this paper, optimal operation model for water resources based on riverbed wind erosion control has been established, which contains objective function, constraints, and solution method. The objective function considers factors which include water volume diverted into reservoirs, river length and lower threshold of flow rate, etc. On the basis of ensuring the water requirement of each reservoir, the destruction of the vegetation in the riverbed by the frequent river flow is avoided. The multi core parallel solving method for optimal water resources operation in the West Liaohe River Plain is proposed, which the optimal solution is found by DPSA method under the POA framework and the parallel computing program is designed in Fork/Join mode. Based on the optimal operation results, the basic rules of water resources operation in the West Liaohe River Plain are summarized. Calculation results show that, on the basis of meeting the requirement of water volume of every reservoir, the frequency of reach river flow which from Taihekou to Talagan Water Diversion Project in the Xinkai River is reduced effectively. The speedup and parallel efficiency of parallel algorithm are 1.51 and 0.76 respectively, and the computing time is significantly decreased. The research results show in this paper can provide technical support for the prevention and control of riverbed wind erosion in the West Liaohe River plain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the three-dimensional real scene technology in the application of highway simulation, and a system to realize three-dimensional real scene of Sichuan-Tibet highway is presented. This system can improve the defect of the traditional Sichuan-Tibet highway geographic information system from performance and feeling. The Tibet forces can use this system to improve motor adaptive training effect and command decision-making ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study reported in this paper aimed at investigating the viability and usefulness of Virtual Reality (VR) book applications in resolving some of the very significant barriers involved in accessing and reading Chinese Ancient Books. Ancient books in China, as in other cultures, are difficult to read due to the differences in writing system, in social and historical environment, in the embedded culture and in the capacity to access and retrieve information on these books. This research used a critical literature review and a social media consultation to identify and classify the barriers and to understand current solutions based on traditional books and e-books. Finally, the study compared these solutions with the potential offered by VR technologies. The study concludes with the proposition of a generic model for the development of VR books in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the topic of educational mobility among students from China. The main aim of the paper is to analyse the reasons why Chinese youth migrate and to indicate the direction of their migration. The paper contains qualitative analysis of UNESCO and OECD educational reports and of Chinese government documents, as well as statements by Chinese students on online forums (an analysis of online statements and comments was taken), in which they indicate the motives for their migration. Two main categories of travel motives have been distinguished. The first category is directly linked with the prospect of gaining human capital, and the second with trends in consumerism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite its tremendous success, the Chinese Economy is still controlled by a recurring process of 5 year planning. This comprehensive National planning program occurs at all levels of the Chinese government, educational systems and state owned companies. This paper reports on a study that was made in preparation for the 13th5 year for the Smart City component of the upcoming city of Tianjin. The objective of this study was to identify problems in informatization, automation and centralization of command and control, so that these could be solved as part of the 5 year plan. The study followed a mixed-method approach in three stages. First, questionnaires were used to assess to sate of development of the smart city features in the different departments of the city government. Second, the study organized thematic joint development groups consisting of expert representatives from different city's departments and units. Third, results of questionnaires and thematic joint development were discussed in departmental focus groups to clarify and specify the problems and assess proposed solutions and viability of those solutions. This paper offers a classification of the identified problems, an integrative conceptual representation of these and a discussion of the importance of this identification in the overall planning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this era of rapid development, hundreds of new cities and surrounding regions or city-region are emerging in the developing countries like China, India, and Malaysia. New cities provide an opportunity for resilient socio-economic landscape development. Development of new cities and city region is similar to draw on blank paper that helps in eradication of the pressing issues of urban areas like slum development, non-employment, pollution, lack of infrastructure and others. The concept of development of the new city in isolation effects the sustainability of the city as it is an integral part of the region. Regional settings of the new city will determine the long-term sustainability. When the new city grows in isolation, it will give rise to the polarisation of resources, services, and population leading to the regional economic imbalance. This very problem is a lesson for the development of new cities as a city should not be treated as the single system but a part of the larger system known as the city-region. Allocation of infrastructure in a city should be based on the resilient socio-economic landscapes of future development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is now experiencing the high tide of characteristic town construction under the new urbanization. My paper takes Yangliuqing, Tianjin's Characteristic Town nominated in 2016, as a specific case, and investigates the characteristic recognitions by both local residents and common tourists, under the new target of promoting cultural tourism. Owing to over 600-year history and nationwide prestigious Lunar New Year Painting, Yangliuqing was nominated as a National Historical Cultural Town of China in early 2000s. A series of preservation plans were issued to conserve and revitalize its historical cultural heritage, both physical and unphysical. The implementation provided bases for today's cultural tourism development. Via document studies, participatory questionnaires and in-deep interviews, the research unfolds characteristic recognitions and spatial distributions by both tourists and also local residents using GIS. The paper further identifies the advantages and problems, like unattractiveness of space, lack of tourists and poor market of local Lunar New Year paintings, and uncovers the reasons behind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to grades as a primary concern in school selection in China, parents tend to choose a better school when their children enter secondary school from primary school resulting in the changing peer group (reference group). According to the Social Comparison Theory, individuals are affected by comparing with the people around them to get their own evaluation. This study aims at exploring the effects of changing reference group on developments of academic achievement and self-esteem. Results indicated that selecting secondary school with better grades may benefit individual academic performance but bring no positive influence on self-esteem developments.

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have become more and more popular recently. These courses have attracted a large number of students world-wide. In a popular course, there may be thousands of students. Such a large number of students in one course makes it infeasible for the instructors to grade all the submissions. Peer assessment is thus an effective paradigm that can help grade the submissions at a large scale. However, due to the variance in the ability and standard of the student graders, peer grades may be noisy and biased. Aggregating peer grades to have an accurate and fair final grade for a submission is a challenging problem because the reliability and bias degrees of graders are usually unknown in practice. To address this issue, some probabilistic models considering the graders' reliability and bias are proposed. However, due to the sparsity of peer grade observations, it is difficult for these models to estimate the accurate reliability and bias of the graders as well as the true grades of the submissions. Compared with absolute peer grades, the relative peer grades, derived from the difference between the peer grades of two submissions graded by the same grader, are less sparse and more robust to the grader's bias. Thus relative peer grades are informative and helpful in cardinal peer grading estimation whose goal is to estimate the absolute numeric grades of submissions. In this paper, we propose two new probabilistic models to help improve the accuracy of cardinal peer grading estimation using the observed relative grades among submissions. In this way, the relation between the true grades among submissions is taken into consideration when deriving the final grades. Experimental results on real MOOC peer grading datasets show that the proposed models outperform baselines and the relation of true grades among submissions indeed contributes to the improvement in the grade estimation. [For the full proceedings, see ED599096.]

Personalized education systems recommend learning contents to students based on their capacity to accelerate their learning. This paper proposes a personalized exercise recommendation system for online self-directed learning. We first improve the performance of knowledge tracing models. Existing deep knowledge tracing models, such as Dynamic Key-Value Memory Network (DKVMN), ignore exercises' concept tags, which are usually available in tutoring systems. We modify DKVMN to design its memory structure based on the course's concept list, and explicitly consider the exercise-concept mapping relationship during students' knowledge tracing. We evaluated the model on the 5th grade students' math exercising dataset in TAL, one of the biggest education groups in China, and found that our model has higher performance than existing models. We also enhance the DKVMN model to support more input features and obtain higher performance. Second, we use the model to build a student simulator, and use it to train an exercise recommendation policy with deep reinforcement learning. Experimental results show that our policy achieves better performance than existing heuristic policy in terms of maximizing the students' knowledge level. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that deep reinforcement learning has been applied to personalized mathematic exercise recommendation. [For the full proceedings, see ED599096.]

This paper explores the dynamics of teamwork in a team-based Massive Open Online Course. The purpose of the study is to discover patterns and characteristics of the students in teams that completed the course. Many studies have revealed that a very small percentage of students complete Massive Open Online Courses. The percentage is even smaller in MOOCs that involve peer-assessment. This study aims to give conscious advice for future MOOC students on how to complete a team-based peer-assessed MOOC by studying the dynamics of successful teams. A qualitative research method was utilized in the study. Data were collected from observing the MOOC platform and conducting interviews with successful team members and team leaders. [For the full proceedings, see ED621557.]

In recent years, game-based programming tools (GBPTs) such as Code.org, Lightbot, and Cargo-Bot have been developed to help children worldwide better understand programming concepts through an interesting, enjoyable and visualizable programming learning experience. However, in-service teachers' perceptions regarding the use of these game-based programming tools in K-12 instruction have received little attention. To understand the perceptions of teachers, this study integrated perceived enjoyment into the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to explore the factors that influence the intentions of K-12 in-service teachers to use game-based programming tools in their instructional tasks. Thirty Chinese teachers in elementary and secondary schools were invited to finish at least one hour of code tutorial at the code.org site, and then undertake a paper-and-pencil questionnaire. We applied the partial least squares structural equation modeling technique to analyze the extended TAM model. Results demonstrated that teachers' behavioral intention was determined by their attitudes toward using GBPTs. Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use had a significant and positive influence on teachers' attitude. In addition, the results also indicated that perceived enjoyment has a significant influence on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, but no significant effect on the attitude of teachers regarding the use of GBPTs. [For the full proceedings, see ED621557.]

This paper reports on an investigation of the student interaction and group development of a four-student group during collaborative mathematics problem solving. Video and written transcript of the group interaction were analysed. The group problem solving has been described by the flow of negotiative events in terms of topics discussed within the group. Positioning theory framed four interaction positions which described student interaction. A mutual relationship between the two has been identified in this case. Implications for collaborative problem solving are discussed.

The term digital humanities (DH) has been much talked about for its interdisciplinarity since its conception. Existing studies have explored interdisciplinary collaboration in DH mainly from the perspective of academic literature rather than projects. By employing content analysis and social network analysis, this paper selects projects in the DH category of the key National Social Science Foundation of China for analysis, with an aim to discovering the structure and patterns of interdisciplinary collaboration in DH research. The preliminary findings show the collaborative relationships between disciplines and institutions as well as the characteristics of digital scholarship in DH research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geographic and socio-economic factors combined make China particularly vulnerable to droughts. Here we review academic literature to assess publication trends on the topics of drought monitoring and early warning in China, exploring the common themes and recent advances presented. Literature searches for the 1970–2017 period were made for a range of search terms relating to drought monitoring. It was found that publications on these topics started to appear sporadically in 1989 and have increased rapidly since the early 2000s, with the rate of publication increasing over the last eight years. The scope of studies varied, often with the spatial scale considered: at the national scale, studies focused on evaluating existing indices, while new indices were developed and tested at the regional scale – relating, in general, to monitoring agricultural and meteorological droughts. At the catchment scale, novel monitoring techniques were developed, often incorporating other data types such as modelled data or soil moisture measurements. National scale operational drought monitoring in China is currently being improved and updated. However, although operational systems are discussed in the literature, there is a still a disconnect between theory and practice with the most recent advances not yet operationalised. Here, we identify the methods and approaches which can be translated from the experimental case study scale to the national operational scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flooding has been the most severe hazard in China from time immemorial, due to its special geographical, climatic and socio-economic conditions. In recent years, against the background of global climate change and rapid urbanization, extreme hydro-meteorological events have obviously increased in China, in turn affecting the sustainable social and economic development. This paper analyses how modern flood risk management has evolved from the early "build and protect" flood control approach to a broader flood risk management approach by analyzing what has happened in China and the role of major floods in this evolution. The development of flood forecasting models and systems in terms of how they have informed decision-making as flood risk management has evolved over the years. The challenging of recognizing and dealing with forecast uncertainty and flood risk in decision-making is also analyzed in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The motor base is one of the most important parts in the three-axis drive system of high-grade precision machine tools. Its machining accuracy has a great influence on the positioning accuracy and repeated positioning accuracy of the machine tools. In this paper, by optimizing the processing technology, designing the special tooling, adjusting the processing procedure, replacing the traditional horizontal processing sequence with the vertical processing sequence, the parts processing with high quality, high efficiency and low cost is realized, and the consistency of important dimensions is guaranteed. Through process research and Intelligent NC machine tool processing, the analysis and automatic management of parts processing data are effectively realized. At the same time, the group processing technology is adopted, so that the processing cost can be greatly reduced. Therefore, the manufacturing method of motor base mentioned in this paper has reached the advanced level in China, and has a wide promotion significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China, the implementation of green certificate and carbon trading mechanism has a significant impact on power planning with renewable energy. In order to explore the impact of specific trading processes of green certificate trading and carbon trading on generation side, this paper successively establishes green certificate trading process model and carbon trading process model considering carbon offset mechanism, and organically connects them with carbon dioxide emission coefficient. In the traditional power planning model, the objective function and constraints of green certificate and carbon trading are introduced to construct green certificate and carbon trading process. The power planning model under this model is solved by a practical example in a certain place. The results show that introducing carbon trading and green certificate trading into the traditional power planning can improve the installed capacity of renewable energy and the overall revenue of the system, so that the renewable energy can be quickly generated, which makes the power generation enterprises more interested in introducing carbon trading and green certificate trading into their planning, so as to achieve profits. This is verified. The two policies have a good incentive effect on the development of renewable energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]