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This paper presents our experience in adopting recent research results of mobile phone based indoor/outdoor detection (IODetector) to support the real world business of on-demand food delivery. The real world deployment of the adopted IODetector involves three phases spanning 20 months, during which the deployment scales from a feasibility study across a few areas of interest to a citywide trial in Shanghai, and eventually to nationwide deployment over 367 cities in China. Iterative development has been performed throughout different deployment phases to excel the IODetector. Large scale evaluation and comparative A/B testing suggest key value of adopting indoor/outdoor detection in the real world business. We also present the lessons learned from the deployment experience including real world know-hows, practical limits and constraints, as well as discussions on design alternatives.We believe this paper provides insights to guide future efforts in translating research results to industry adoptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vehicle bogies of Shanghai metro line 1 began to crack just in the third year after the trains operated. More than 50 cracks occurred in the succeeding six year during the train operation. This paper evaluated the safety of the motorized bogies. First, the loading conditions imposed on the vehicle structure were calculated based on the measured data in service of the train, and compared with the original design load. Then, this paper calculated simulated the stress of the vehicle bogie by 3D FEM, and presented the distribution of every stress concentration point in Goodman fatigue diagram. The computational locations of the strength less than the safety are agreed with where cracks have happened. Finally, this paper calculated the fatigue life of the motor bracket of the bogie through S-N curve based on revised Miner theory. In conclusion, this paper think that the bogie cracks of Shanghai metro line 1 are contributed by the overburden fatigue load, and ignoring the lateral vibration load in the design of the vehicle bogie is the important cause that bogie cracks occurred far earlier than in the designed time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shanghai has become one of the largest magnets for foreign direct investment in the world and is emerging as China's global city. Shanghai also is attracting a large population of foreign managers, professional and service workers. This paper examines the gendered, sexual and ethnic relations at play in the development of this new international community. This paper examines this new international community using the methodology of symbolic interaction and gender studies. Using qualitative data from interviews and long-term ethnographic fieldwork, it emphasizes four general points: (1) international migration studies should consider the movement of foreign residents into China's new global cities (2) Shanghai's international community includes many Chinese and must be situated in the local social and cultural geography of Shanghai (3) the sexual and gender strategies of participants are key to understanding community formation. The paper uses a historic sociological study to compare the international community in Shanghai with the one in Shanghai before 1949. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global connectivity as an analytical concept is central to research on global-local interactions. There is however a lack of empirical studies based on directly measuring global connectivity and examining its impact on individual behavior regarding a global vs. local orientation. This paper aims to examine the relationship between global connectivity and global oriented consumption at the individual level in the local context of Shanghai, China. The central hypothesis driving the paper is that people with strong global connectivity tend to exhibit global oriented consumer behaviors. To test this hypothesis, we have created the exogenous latent variable of personal global connectivity and the endogenous variables from recent data on Shanghai. Using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique, we have found that personal global connectivity combined with ones socioeconomic status is strongly correlated with global oriented consumer behaviors. A key component of personal global connectivity--surfing foreign Web sites--has the strongest effect on global consumer behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beginning in the 1980s bars and dance clubs reemerged as zones of intercultural interactions within Shanghai. Based on interviews with bar and club owners, customers, as well as field notes from participant observation over the last15 years, this paper describes the changing organization of the ethnosexual contact zone of the nightlife and the changing nature of the social interactions within it. Nightlife is a context in which casual interactions among foreign sojourners and settlers and various categories of PRC citizens are common and relatively spontaneous. At the same time it is a space in which racial and gendered identities are not only accented and expressed, but also constructed and articulated in particular and salient ways that partly define the experience of being a young man or a woman in Shanghai. In particular this paper focuses on the production of contrasting masculine and female sexual identities associated with Europeans and North American men and women who frequent Shanghai night clubs and bars. The paper also describes how differently constructed social spaces are used by different groups to express and defend their sexual, gendered and racialized status positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current resurgence of the Chinese mega city of Shanghai involves a radical restructuring of the urban fabric, infrastructure, economy and media culture. New Shanghai - a city of excess, commerce, speed and stature - competes to become the information communication hub in the Asia-Pacific. The World Expo of 2010 in the city will furthermore be a spectacular event for fulfilling aspirations of becoming a world city, and even a world centre. Partly through the display of wide-ranging digitalization, at the exposition and in the city, the municipal government has set its mind on once again detaining the future right here. In this paper I sound out space and media theorists as well as phenomenological philosophical thinking about the future, in order to probe the question of how one place becomes continually endowed with futurity. Futurity, I argue, is in fact an essential part of a collective memory in the city. It is Shanghai's genius loci. Moving from the Golden Age of modernity and cosmopolitanism of the 1920s and 30s, through the city under Communism, into the current global/digital city of Shanghai I inquire into they ways in which media and communication - the technological imaginary, mediations of the 'Shanghai illusion' and the factual media and/or mass cultural forms intrinsic to the urban fabric - have been historically, and are at present, a backbone of the Shanghai imaginary. I further discuss how the future is both obsessively desired in Shanghai of today and at once under seizure since New Shanghai is, as much as it is a place of physical monumentality, an elusive and contradictory space of temporal co-existence as well as of hypermobility and hypermediation. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper commences by asking why the media in Shanghai lag behind their peers in Beijing and Guangzhou in terms of political courage. Several explanations have been furnished. We hold the cultural “traits” of Shanghai people to be too reductive and too general. Market abundance may be important to understanding the media’s complacency, but is still inadequate to account for political factors. In sum, we must explain the political economy of the media in relation to a particular cultural milieu. The most crucial explanation appears to lie in the patron-client relationship in the practices of authoritarian corporatism. Based on field interviews, we conclude that Shanghai is a big city but a small place: a resource-rich city that only has one layer of power authorities, and hence the distance from the epicenter of power to various media organizations is very short, making media control through a patron-client system very effective and powerful. We have examined this patron-client relationship from the perspectives of media conglomeration, elite circulation, resource allocation, and (lack of) media professionalism. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cost containment is the most challenging issue to governments around the globe. In response to this growing problem, various strategies have been developed by each nation in an attempt to tackle the issue. The most common strategy for controlling health care expenditures is the demand side strategy, such as Medical Savings Account (MSA), which is a savings scheme that forces individuals to anticipate future health care needs and to accumulate reserves. The Singaporean government started to implement MSAs nearly two decades ago. MSAs was implemented in China in the spring of 2001. Shanghai was one of the large, pioneer urban centres to implement the new policy. The scheme has, unfortunately, enforced health care access inequality by excluding those who are most vulnerable to the consequences of ill health and those in low-income groups. Even those MSAs enrollees find that the financial burden for medical care is heavy, especially those with poor health.This paper looks into the Singapore and Shanghai experiences to explore the limitation of the Medical Savings Account schemes, and whether it is rational to borrow another nation's health care model, especially when the other nation has a very different social make up. And whether it is an effective measure to contain health care cost. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a cultural phenomenon, globally oriented consumption of a variety of border-crossing products and services such as television programs, athletic shoes, brand name clothes, beverages, and fast foods occurs at the local level. This process is constantly reshaping the local cultural landscape, differentiating people into easily identifiable groups. While globalization tends to standardize consumer products globally, leading to greater similarities of products in local life, the availability of similar products in different local areas does not necessarily translate into the same consumer behavior across social groups. In this paper, we examine the extent to which Shanghai consumers chase global brand-name products, reflecting individual-level global aspirations, while exploring how globally oriented consumption in Shanghai varies along several sociological variables such as age, education, household income, and residential location. The analysis is based on fresh survey data collected in 2001 in Pudong, Shanghai. While the findings are consistent with the expected influence of some variables, they reflect the distinctive characteristics of consumer behaviors and values that may be undergoing a significant transition to a mixed global-local destiny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Picoplankton are the component of plankton in the size range 0.2-2.0 micrometers, because of their sensitivity to the water environmental change, they can be effectively used as early indicators of eutrophication. This paper is focusing on the relative and absolute abundance of picoplankton in different eutrophic status freshwater bodies. The distribution of picoplankton (Prochlorococcus, Picoeukaryotes and heterotrophic bacteria) in Chenhang Reservior, Dianshan Lake, the middle section of Huangpu River and Bailianjing River which represent different eutrophic status was studied during May to June, 2009. According to the traditional definition for the eutrophication of lakes (reservoirs), The Chenhang Reservoir and Dianshan Lake represented a mesotrophic condition and a light eutrophic condition, respectively. While the middle reach of Huangpu River and Bailianjing River represented a mesoeutrophic and hypereutrophic state, respectively. In Chenhang Reservoir and Dianshan Lake, Prochloroccus and Picoeukaryotes were both found, the orders of magnitude of Prochloroccus and Picoeukaryotes cell abundances in both waters were 105 ind/mL and 103 ind/mL, respectively. In the middle reach of Huangpu River and Bailianjing River, only Picoeukaryotes were detected, and the orders of rmagnitude of Picoeukaryotes cell abundances were 103 ind/mL. The orders of magnitude of heterotrophic bacteria cell abundances in four fresh water systems were among 105-105 ind/mL. So it could be conclude that Prochloroccus was dominant in mesotrophic and light eutrophic water, while in mesoeutrophic or hypereutrophic water, Picoeukaryotes was the dominant species. The cell abundances of autotrophic picoplankton in the Middle reach of Huangpu River and Bailianjing River were lower than that of in Chenhang Reservoir and Dianshan Lake. However, the biomass percentage of picoplankton to total phytoplankton increased by the increasing eutrophication status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will attempt to compare 'Shanghai International Auto City (SIAC)' and 'Auto Valley' in Ulsan by analyzing basic factors underlying innovative cluster which complements and intensifies its effects on the regional development such as the dynamics of backward and forward inter-linkage of firms in the industrial systems, dense local labor markets around multiple work-places, localized relational assets promoting learning and innovation effects. In addition to these fundamental queries, it examines different regional dimensions of development policy, innovation cluster strategy. It also takes a close look at a critical domain of beneficial policy intervention. In sum, 'Shanghai International Auto City (SIAC)' emphasizes the importance of downstream to channels and customers to recognize the market growth on the basis of resources and infrastructure. On the other hand, the 'Auto Valley' stresses the importance of specific asset, that is, network among suppliers and with other institutions to acquire knowledge and information. The constraints between the R&D center in HMC and suppliers also arise from the geographical distance and inactive collaboration. 'Shanghai International Auto City (SIAC)' has been entirely led by the local state development strategy, but 'Auto Valley' has been collaborated by the central government financial support and the local government development strategy. However, both cases have drawbacks due to the low level of private partnership and private-led participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the structural change of Xinhua News Agency at the local level over the last 25 years and its impact upon journalistic practices. It takes account of the change in the role of journalists and the relationship with political authorities and media subscribers. The paper focuses on the case of Xinhua Shanghai bureau with consideration of the unique media ecology of Shanghai. This paper aims to provide a 'de-Westernised' account of the transformations of the Chinese media system as a whole and Xinhua in particular in 1980-2005. It goes beyond the theoretical polarisations in media and communications studies, notably state/market dichotomy and the global/local nexus, which tend to simplify the complex social world. Instead, the paper explores dynamic relations between the national (or the central) and the local in the Chinese context, providing a case study of the collaboration between Xinhua and Dragon TV. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about several papers discussed at the annual meeting of the International Textile Manufacturers Federation on October 23, 2009 in Shanghai, China on the world cotton industry is presented. Topics include the vital role played by the world cotton market to the industrial development from the 17th century to the 21st, the major challenges encountered by the industry, and the marketing solutions implemented to sustain the developing industry.

Information about several papers discussed at the International Textile Manufacturers Federation Annual Conference 2009 in Shanghai, China on the fundamental changes of the world textile industry from 1990 up to 2008 is presented. Topics include the development of the industry, the economic effects of the world financial crisis, and the contribution of the global shipments of textile mahinery to the industry.

The paper engages a long-standing debate between economics and the development state literature. Does state intervention have a positive or negative effect on firm performance. It also introduces a new concept: politicized capitalism which is the form of state intervention common in postcommunist economies--where the state is actually intervening inside the firm. Of interest to organizational analysis is the very careful account and measure of intervention, and the opening of the black box of the firm to see what is actually going on inside the firm when you have political interventions in corporate governance. The data is from firms listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange -- so-called "red chips" that are the core firms of the Chinese industrial economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the most sudden shifts to marketing economics and the accession into WTO, foreign capital is penetrating further into Chinese media market nowadays and audiences in Mainland China began to be widely exposed to Western cultural products. The abundance of Western products often leads people to assume that the luxury consumption and Western materialistic values will also be imported along with those Western cultural goods. To test this assumption, an empirical study about the relationship between Chinese youthÂ’s media consumption and materialist values was conducted in Shanghai, the most commercial city in Mainland China, in 2004. We found that there did emerge materialism among Chinese young people. However, the complicated results in this study provide both of the evidence and challenge to the traditional media imperialism thesis. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on a study examining how the growth and decline of different modes of labor control is shaped by modern capitalist development in Shanghai and Hong Kong from the early 1900s to the contemporary period. The different modes of labor control includes "Self-employed direct producers," "wage-laborers," and "informal wage-laborers. " The poverty and income inequality is increased by globalization-induced downward social mobility, which will in turn generate resistance to globalization. To gauge the consequences and future direction of globalization, it is crucial to understand how global free market expansion transforms modes of labor control.

The purpose of this study is to determine the association of various forms of global connections (i.e. has been foreign countries, have worked for foreign companies, have relatives overseas, and often surf foreign web sites) with local community satisfaction. Based on global social connection approach, our data from Shanghai, a large cosmopolitan of China, reveals a considerable variation in community satisfaction among residents who are different in demographic and socioeconomic status, particularly in global connections. By applying Structure Equation Modeling (SEM) strategy, the findings indicate that the demographic and social economic attributes effects residents evaluation of community while personal global connections are more prevalent than other factors. That is, residents who have certain global connections are more likely residing in decent areas while their satisfaction on local community is negative. The results of this study suggest that personal global connections serve critical role in evaluation of community serves and environments, therefore community satisfaction associated with personal global connectivity is a clear pattern of community evaluation in transitional society. Less satisfaction on community actually reflects high preference and criterion from those who have global connections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a study which investigated the nature of public relations practices among a sample of different types of organizations in Shanghai, China. In doing so, researcher use two concepts developed in Western cultures: the models of public relations and the roles of individual public relations practitioners. They are sensitive to the pitfalls of using Western concepts to study non-Western cultures, but they have no conceptual frameworks that are specific to regions such as Asia. Until such frameworks are developed, they are forced to use existing theoretical frameworks that have been developed and tested in the West. Further, without descriptive data about public relations phenomena in various regions of Asia, it would not be possible to arrive at conceptual frameworks that are indigenous to the continent, which explains why the body of knowledge of public relations does not have conceptual frameworks specifically developed in Asia. It is hoped that theory-based empirical research from regions similar to the one being reported here, will help build a theories of Asian public relations.

During the past three decades, an estimate of 200 million Chinese farmers moved to urban centers in search of a better life. They are typically "sojourners" in the cities and maintain close ties to their home communities. This paper examines the psychological well-being of a sample of rural-to-urban migrants in Shanghai. We contrast the migrants' social ties beyond Shanghai, which we term trans-local ties, with their ties in Shanghai and investigate how these ties are connected to their psychological well-being. Drawing from the literature on the health effects of social integration and relative social status, we hypothesize that trans-local ties may foster psychological well-being by providing emotional support and favorable social comparison, whereas local ties may furnish instrumental, emotional and companionship support, but may generate negative social comparison. We include a sample of Shanghai natives living in the same neighborhoods as the migrants as a comparison group. We find that for migrants, trans-local ties are more consequential to their psychological well-being than local ties. Having close trans-local ties seems to have helped generate favorable evaluation of their status in Shanghai and buffer their perception of discrimination, which in turn led to better psychological well-being. Emotional social support was a non-trivial but relatively weak mediator. In comparison, we do not observe such effects of trans-local or local ties among Shanghai natives. The implications of our findings for the study of the health effects of social networks and relative social status, and migration and health are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With a focus on Shanghai, this paper examines how the second generation of rural-to-urban migrants in China are gradually incorporated into the margins of the city and channeled into segmented paths for social mobility. I argue that the case of Shanghai constitutes a new policy regime of "segmented incorporation." Hukou (household registration) is still a crucial social boundary embedded in the institutions of school, labor market and residential community, contributing to persisting inequalities between urban citizens and rural migrants. Systematic exclusion has given way to more subtle forms of institutional segmentation, reproducing cultural prejudices and reinforcing group differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzed data from a probability sample survey from Shanghai, China to examine people's engagement in opinion expression activities. Conceived as a subtype of citizen participation, such expressive engagement was differentiated into six types based on political and livelihood issue domains as well as informal social, new media, and institutional settings. Results show that the overall volume of expressive engagement in this Chinese city was low. Similar to findings on civic and political participation from democratic countries, those who were more deeply vested in the system for resources and expected returns and those with higher levels of internal political efficacy participated more. News media and Internet news use contributed positively to expressive engagement. But the six types of expressive engagement differed in levels and the factors that affect them. The findings were discussed in their relationships to the participation literature and our understanding of the changing political culture in China. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1921 EMI constructed a recording studio for jazz in a mansion in the French Concession in Shanghai. The building was later taken over by Pathé and during Shanghai's heyday of modernization, massculture, decadence, and cosmopolitanism in the 1920s and 30s, mandarin jazz tunes were recorded here. After 1949 the recordings continued, for example of the national anthem of the PRC and other revolutionary songs. Today in global and digital Shanghai the building is a first class restaurant - La Villa Rouge - and a museum where colonial Shanghai is staged, but where long playing records from the revolutionary era are simultaneously displayed in showcases. In this strange space one consumes delicious food in rooms filled with giant gramophones and black and white portraits of female jazz stars - both reminiscent of the evaporated golden past. This paper interrogates this heterogenous and multi-rhythmic timespace (Lefebvre 1992/2004; May and Thrift's (eds) 2001) by suggesting that the nostalgia and memory industry uses old media forms (combined with a particular sexual politics), not only to bring back the past, but also to create a sense of retroactive futurity. We need to seriously engage the future city (of digitalization) with the city of collective memory since the enthusiasm for new communication technologies in Shanghai today - a city that strives to become the information and communication hub of the Asia Pacific - is reminiscent of the role that new media played in modernizing Shanghai in the past. Hence, temporal anchoring in Shanghai does not represent a refusal to partake in the fast-paced world (cf. Huyssen 1995); instead it pursues a memory of modernity and anchors in a 'bergsonain terrain' of mobility and change as its 'natural tradition'. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compares two participatory behaviors, online opinion expression and official channel opinion expression in China by relating them to media use habits and mediating factors such as perceived opinion support and personal issue stance. Findings from a telephone survey in Shanghai suggest that the opinion expression processes occurring in the two discursive universes in China - official and nonofficial - are distinctive. Opinion expression through governmental channels is conceptually grouped with pro-Party opinion and traditional news media consumption, while online opinion expression is associated with perceived opinion support and informational internet use. Furthermore, we find negative relationships between internet use and pro-Party opinion and between perceived opinion support and opinion expression via official channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) is a 3.5-GeV third-generation light source. The facility has been open for user experiments since May, 2009. This high-brightness x-ray source is an ideal platform for x-ray microscopy. Presently, SSRF has three beamlines related to x-ray microscopy or imaging, namely the soft x-ray spectromicroscopy beamline (STXM), the hard x-ray microfocusing beamline, and the x-ray imaging beamline. The construction of SSRF phase-II beamlines will be carried out during 2011-2017. Seven additional beamlines for x-ray microscopy or imaging will be built. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GIS technology provides a good solution to assess urban carbon balance assessment and inform effective policy design to reduce anthropogenic atmospheric carbon dioxide. This study proposes a carbon balance assessment method by combining IPCC inventory approach and Geodatabase technology. Using this method we propose a framework of Common but Differentiated Policy Design (CDPD) to reduce urban carbon emissions. The case study of Shanghai shows that central downtown emits less carbon than suburb areas both in total carbon emission and per capita levels. Luwan district has the minimum value of 384.6 thousand tons carbon equivalent (carbon-eq), equal to 1.41 million t carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-eq), in total carbon emissions. And Putuo district has the minimum value of 0.74 t carbon-eq (equal to 2.71 t CO2-eq) at per capita level. Pudong New Area has the maximum value both in total carbon emissions and emissions per capita, 14.78 million t carbon-eq (equal to 54.19 million t CO2-eq) and 5.18 t carbon-eq per capita (equal to 18.99 t CO2-eq per capita) respectively. According to the calculation results of carbon emissions and sinks, Chongming is the only one which achieves regional carbon balance. Carbon emissions in central downtown mainly come from tertiary/service industries, while secondary industries emit more carbons in suburbs. Based on the CDPD framework, it is recommended that carbon emissions reduction in central downtown Shanghai focus on tertiary industries and household sectors, while suburb areas focus on reducing secondary industry emission and building carbon sinks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants that may lead to mutagenesis, carcinogenesis or teratogenesis. Vehicular traffic pollution is one of the important sources for PAHs in soils. Concentrations of 19 PAHs were detected in soils along nine roads in Shanghai by automatic Soxhlet extraction and high performance liquid chromatography. Concentration and spatial distribution of PAHs in surface soils beside nine target roads in Shanghai were investigated and a preliminary migration regularity of PAHs was proposed based on data analysis of Cheting Highway (NO.320 Chinese National Highway). The result showed that the total concentrations of PAHs in the target roadside soils ranged from undetectable to 34.6μg/g-dw, with a mean of 7.77μg/g-dw. In comparison with the level of PAHs in urban or suburban roadside soils, the results showed significantly that Σ PAHs concentration in roadside soils inside industrial areas was higher. The study on the migration regularity of PAHs in soils along roads demonstrated that surface runoff had a more significant effect on the PAHs transportation than air-borne transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the impact of globalization on urban governance in China and India. Based on detailed case studies of mega-project development in Shanghai and Mumbai, we consider why Shanghai has been better able than Mumbai to transform its built environment to facilitate capital accumulation. We argue that the degree to which national states "metropolitanize" affects their ability to facilitate urban restructuring. The metropolitanization of the state refers to the deliberate articulation of state power, authority and resources at the metropolitan level to ensure the competitiveness of urban regions. We argue that the metropolitanization of the state is path dependent and, therefore, must be understood in the state's historically-structured institutional context. In the case of China—and to a lesser degree India—metropolitanization is a flexible strategy adopted by the national state in an attempt to govern in the increasingly complex global arena. The study also considers the implications of the metropolitanization of the state for democratic participation, finding that there is no inherent relationship between metropolitanization and democratic deepening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article demonstrates cognitive dissonance among the successful new class of post-communist businessmen, managers, and entrepreneurs in the three cities of Shanghai, China; Moscow, Russia; and Leipzig, Eastern Germany. Qualitative father-son interviews (n=32) detected an individualization of values and cognitive dissonance among the new successful generation. This dissonance appears to be caused by limited time and by inherent tensions between the ideal tools of success in work and at home, which corresponds to a wider rift between the types of valuation that are called for within the social and the material spheres. Cognitive dissonance is resolved by the informants by devaluing the intimate social sphere because of the more pressing demands of work, amounting to cognitive dissonance resolution as a mechanism of individualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) is designed to be an advanced third generation light source and is now under construction. The SSRF comprises four major parts: a 3.5GeV electron storage ring, a full energy booster, a 150MeV linac, and an array of beamlines ranging from infrared light to hard x-rays. The construction of SSRF started at the end of year 2004, and its accelerator complex has been evolved smoothly towards a cost-effective machine. Construction and commissioning should be completed by the middle of 2009. At that time first seven beamlines, five ID beamlines and two bending magnet beamlines, are anticipated for user operation. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most fundamental changes in urban China in the last two decades is the housing marketization. Using micro-level data from the 2000 Chinese population census, we explore housing choices among floating migrants, hukou migrants, and local residents in metropolitan Shanghai. Our major findings reveal that floating migrants pay higher prices for both renting and purchasing apartment/house as compared to hukou migrants and local residents. We speculated several possible underlying factors that may contribute to this housing inequality in housing. One is that because of lack of Shanghai hukou, migrants are less likely to have access to public housing for rent as well for purchasing. Second, migrants usually do not have the kinds of connections with real estate developers who can offer special price to employees of certain agencies. Finally, floating migrants have less access to information on housing market. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inter-organizational collaboration has been the topic of much research on innovation. I use Chinese patent data to test whether collaboration between inventors from different institutional types (cross-institutional collaboration) increases innovative output. Here, institutional types refer to such organizational forms as universities, research institutes, academic institutes, and firms. Specifically, I compare the success of inventors from Beijing and Shanghai between 1985 and 2000 to analyze differences in institutional arrangements that influence the effectiveness of cross-institutional collaboration. In addition to exploring networks of inventor collaboration, I estimate Poisson and negative binomial models to assess the effects of cross-institutional collaboration on inventor success. The results indicate that over time, Beijing inventors benefited from having collaborators from different institutional types, while Shanghai inventors did not. I argue that because many Beijing-based firms were "spun off" from the city's universities and research institutes, inter-organizational links were more intimate than those in Shanghai, creating a more hospitable environment in Beijing for cross-institutional collaboration. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social disorganization has been used many times in analyzing crime tendency in many typical western countries greatly (eg: U.S, UK). However, little literature has focused on the social development in the orientated culture. Because China has a different history and cultural experiences, different ideology as well. Based on studying Violent crime rate in Shanghai City , I find Shanghai city is in the process of social disorganization now. In contrast to western countries, there are some features in Shanghai city 's social disorganization. The social structure and social culture both have been disorganized. The attenuationg of traditonal culture control ablility plays a key role in the process. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]