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The Ibero-American Heritage Curriculum Project is an interdisciplinary curriculum development project designed to integrate the study of Ibero-American heritage and culture into classroom instructional programs, kindergarten through grade 12. The project was initiated by the New York State Education Department and involves the Spanish National Commission for the Quincentenary of the Discovery of America, the Christopher Columbus Quincentenary Jubilee Commission, seven countries, seven states, and Puerto Rico. This proceedings presents papers linking scholarly research to previously identified curriculum themes. Papers and authors are: (1) "The Ibero-American Experience (The Colonial Period: XV-XVIII Centuries)," J. J. Klor de Alva; (2) "The Sephardic Influence and Contributions," J. Z. Appelbaum; (3) "Latin America: The Nineteenth Century," G. H. Gossen; (4) "Portugal," A. Novoa; (5) "The Chilean in California," N. Duchens; (6) "Cuban Americans: History and Process," M. A. Bretos; (7) "Cuban Contributions to America: Past and Present," F. de Varona; (8) "On the Economic Status of Latinos: Opportunities and Challenges for Today and Tomorrow," R. I. Rochin; (9) "Challenges and Opportunities: Four Sides of the Same Coin," S. Nieto; (10) "Commonalities and Diversity in the Latino Experience: A Conceptual Framework for Exploring Latino Challenges and Opportunities," C. E. Cortes; (11) "Influences of the New World in the Historical Development of the Iberian Peninsula in the Modern Age," L. Lopez-Ocon Cabrera; (12) "The Hispanics in the United States," J. M. Muria; (13)"The Latin Communities in the United States," L. F. Estrada; (14) "Puerto Rico in the Ibero-American Heritage Project," J. E. Hernandez-Cruz; and (15) "Interdependence between the United States and Latin America," M. E. Bozzoli de Wille. (SV)

This proceedings of the annual conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME) contains the following research papers: "The Construct Theory of Rational Numbers: Toward a Semantic Analysis" (M. Behr & G. Harel); "Reflections on Dealing: An Analysis of One Child's Interpretations" (G. Davis); "About Intuitional Knowledge of Density in Elementary School" (J. Gimenez); "Understanding the Multiplicative Structure: Concepts at the Undergraduate Level" (G. Harel & M. Behr); "A Contextual Approach to the Teaching and Learning of Mathematics: Outlining a Teaching Strategy that Makes Use of Pupil's Real World Experiences and Strategies, and the Results of the First Teaching Experiment of Project" (T.O. Keranto); "On Children's Mathematics Informal Method" (F.L. Lin & L.R. Booth); "A Case Study of the Role of Unitizing Operations with Natural Numbers in the Conceptualization of Fractions" (A. Ludlow); "Constructing Fractions in Computer Microworlds" (J. Olive & L.P. Steffe); "Proportional Reasoning: From Shopping to Kitchens, Laboratories, and Hopefully, Schools" (A.D. Schliemann & V.P. Magalhaes); "The Fraction Concept in Comprehensive School at Grade Levels 3-6 in Finland" (T. Strang); "Critical Decisions in the Generalization Process: A Methodology for Researching Pupil Collaboration in Computer and Non Computer Environments" (L. Healy, C. Hoyles, & R.J. Sutherland); "'Scaffolding' a Crutch or a Support for Pupils' Sense-Making in Learning Mathematics" (B. Jaworski); "The Role of Mathematical Knowledge in Children's Understanding of Geographical Concepts" (R.G. Kaplan); "Speaking Mathematically in Bilingual Classrooms: An Exploratory Study of Teacher Discourse" (L.L. Khisty, D.B. McLeod, & K. Bertilson); "The Emergence of Mathematical Argumentation in the Small Group Interaction of Second Graders" (G. Krummheuer & E. Yackel); "Potential Mathematics Learning Opportunities in Grade Three Class Discussions" (J.J. Lo, G.H. Wheatley, & A.C. Smith); "Certain Metonymic Aspects of Mathematical Discourse" (D.J. Pimm); "Inverse Relations: The Case of the Quantity of Matter" (R. Stavv & T. Rager); "The Development of Mathematical Discussion" (T. Wood); "Estrategias y Argumentos en el Estudio Descriptivo de la Asociacion Usando Microordenadores" (J.D. Godino, C. Batanero, & A.E. Castro); "Computerized Tools and the Process of Modeling" (C. Hancock & J. Kaput); "Examples of Incorrect Use of Analogy in Word Problems" (L. Bazzini); "Children's Pre-concept of Multiplication: Procedural Understanding" (C. Beattys, N. Herscovics, & N. Nantais); "The Kindergartners' Knowledge of Numerals" (J.C. Bergeron); "An Analysis of the Value and Limitations of Mathematical Representations Used by Teachers and Young Children" (G.M. Bouton-Lewis & G.S. Halford); "A Study on the Development of Second-Graders' Ability in Solving Two-Step Problems" (F. Cao); "Understanding the Division Algorithm from New Perspectives" (D.W. Carraher); "Negative Numbers Without the Minus Sign" (T.N. Carraher); "Learning Difficulties Behind the Notion of Absolute Value" (I. Chiarugi, G. Fracassina, & F. Furinghetti); "Le Role de la Representation dans la Resolution des Problemes Additifs" (R.F. Damm); "Using a Computerized Tool to Promote Students''Number Sense' and Problem Solving Strategies" (N. Hativa, V. Bill, S. Hershkovitz, & I. Machmandrow); "Children's Understanding of Compensation, Addition and Subtraction in Part/Whole Relationships" (K.C. Irwin); "Factors Affecting Children's Strategies and Success in Estimation" (C. Morgan); "Assessment in Primary Mathematics: The Effects of Item Readability" (J.A. Mousley); "Social Sense-Making in Mathematics: Children's Ideas of Negative Numbers" (S. Mukhopadhyay, L. B. Resnick, & L. Schauble); "Children's Pre-Concept of Multiplication: Logico Physical Abstraction" (N. Nantais & N. Herscovics); "Building on Young Children's Informal Arithmetical Knowledge" (A.I. Oliver, A. Murray, & P. Human); "From Protoquantities to Number Sense" (L.B. Resnick, S. Lesgold, & V. Bill); "Prospective Elementary Teachers' Knowledge of Division" (M.A. Simon); "Relative and Absolute Error in Computational Estimation" (J. Sowder, L. Sowder, & Z. Markovits); "A Child Generated Multiplying Scheme" (L. Steffe); and "Salient Aspects of Experience with Concrete Manipulatives" (P. Thompson & A.G. Thompson). Includes a listing of author addresses. (MKR)

This proceedings of the annual conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME) includes the following research papers: "Children's Connections among Representations of Mathematical Ideas" (A. Alston & C.A. Maher); "Algebraic Syntax Errors: A Study with Secondary School Children" (A. Avila, F. Garcia, & T. Rojano); "The Development of Conceptual Structure as a Problem Solving Activity" (V. Cifarelli); "From Arithmetic to Algebra: Negotiating a Jump in the Learning Process" (A. Cortes, N. Kavafian, & G. Vergnaud); "Continuous Analysis of One Year of Science Students' Work in Linear Algebra, in First Year French University" (J.L. Dorier); "Avoidance and Acknowledgement of Negative Numbers in the Context of Linear Equations" (A. Gallardo);"Introducing Algebra: A Functional Approach in a Computer Environment" (M. Garancon, C. Kieran, & A. Boileau); "LOGO, to Teach the Concept of Function" (D. Guin & I.G. Retamal); "The Concept of Function: Continuity Image versus Discontinuity Image: Computer Experience" (F. Hitt); "Acquisition of Algebraic Grammar" (D. Kirshner); "Embedded Figures and Structures of Algebraic Expressions" (L. Linchevski & S. Vinner); "A Framework for Understanding What Algebraic Thinking Is" (R.L. Lins); "Developing Knowledge of Functions through Manipulation of a Physical Device" (L. de Lemos Meira); "Students' Interpretations of Linear Equations and Their Graphs" (J. Moschkovich); "An Experience to Improve Pupil's Performance in Inverse Problems" (A. Pesci); "Algebra Word Problems: A Numerical Approach for Its Resolution: A Teaching Experiment in the Classroom" (G. Rubio); "Children's Writing about the Idea of Variable in the Context of a Formula" (H. Sakonidis & J. Bliss); "Observations on the 'Reversal Error' in Algebra Tasks" (F. Seeger); "Generalization Process in Elementary Algebra: Interpretation and Symbolization" (S.U. Legovich); "Effects of Teaching Methods on Mathematical Abilities of Students in Secondary Education Compared by Means of a Transfer Test" (J. Meijer); "On Long Term Development of Some General Skills in Problem Solving: A Longitudinal Comparative Study" (P. Boero); "Cognitive Dissonance versus Success as the Basis for Meaningful Mathematical Learning" (N.F. Ellerton & M.A. Clements); "Time and Hypothetical Reasoning in Problem Solving" (P.L. Ferrari); "The Interplay between Student Behaviors and the Mathematical Structure of Problem Situations: Issues and Examples" (R. Herschkowitz & A. Arcavi); "Paradigm of Open-Approach Method in the Mathematics Classroom Activities: Focus on Mathematical Problem Solving" (N. Nohda); "Reflexions sur le Role du Maitre dans les Situations Didactiques a Partir du Cas de l'Enseignement a des Eleves en Difficulte" (M.J.P. Glorian); "Diagnosis and Response in Teaching Transformation Geometry" (A. Bell & D. Birks); "Children's Recognition of Right Angled Triangles in Unlearned Positions" (M. Cooper & K. Krainer); "The Role of Microworlds in the Construction of Conceptual Entities" (L.D. Edwards); "The Cognitive Challenge Involved in Escher's Potato Stamps Microworld" (R. Hadass); "Study of the Degree of Acquisition of the Van Hiele Levels by Secondary School Students" (A. Jaime & A. Gutierez); "Spatial Concepts in the Kalahari" (H. Lea); "Integrating LOGO in the Regular Maths Curriculum: A Developmental Risk or Opportunity?" (T. Lemerise); "Young Children Solving Spatial Problems" (H. Mansfield & J. Scott); "The Role of Format in Students' Achievement of Proof" (W.G. Martin); "L'influence des Aspects Figuratifs dans le Raisonnment des Eleves en Geometrie" (A. Mesquita); "Children's Understanding of Congruence According to the Van Hiele Model of Thinking" (L. Nasser); "Prospective Primary Teachers' Conceptions of Area" (C. Tierney, C. Boyd, & G. Davis); "Probability Concepts and Generative Learning Theory" (O. Bjorkqvist); "Some Considerations on the Learning of Probability" (A.M.O. Salazar); "Gambling and Ethnomathematics in Australia" (R. Peard); "Mathematization Project in Class as a Collective Higher Order Learning Process" (H.G. Steiner). Also includes a listing of author addresses. (MKR)

This proceedings of the annual conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME) includes the following papers: "The Knowledge of Cats: Epistemological Foundations of Mathematics Education" (R.B. Davis) and "PME Algebra Research: A Working Perspective" (E. Filloy); "Some Misconceptions in Calculus: Anecdotes or the Tip of an Iceberg?" (M. Amit & S. Vinner); "Difficultes Cognitives et Didactiques dans la Construction de Relations entre Cadre Algebrique et Cadre Graphique" (M. Artigue); "Unbalance and Recovery: Categories Related to the Appropriation of a Basis of Meaning Pertaining to the Domain of Physical Thinking" (R. Cantoral); "On Difficulties with Diagrams: Theoretical Issues" (T. Dreyfus & T. Eisenberg); "The Two Faces of the Inverse Function: Prospective Teachers' Use of 'Undoing'" (R. Even); "Intuitive Processes, Mental Image, and Analytical and Graphic Representations of the Stationary State: A Case Study" (R.M. Farfan & F. Hitt); "The Role of Conceptual Entities in Learning Mathematical Concepts at the Undergraduate Level" (G. Harel & J. Kaput); "Mathematical Concept of Formation in the Individual" (L. Lindenskov); "Pupils' Interpretations of the Limit Concept: A Comparison Study between Greeks and English" (J. Mamona-Downs); "Infinity in Mathematics as a Scientific Subject for Cognitive Psychology" (R.N. Errazuriz); "Organizations Deductives et Demonstration" (L. Radford); "The Teaching Experiment 'Heuristic Mathematics Education'" (A. Van Streun); "The Understanding of Limit: Three Perspectives" (S.R. Williams);"Self Control in Analyzing Problem Solving Strategies" (G. Becker); "Influences of Teacher Cognitive/Conceptual Levels on Problem-Solving Instruction" (B.J. Dougherty); "Can Teachers Evaluate Problem Solving Ability?" (F.O. Flener & J. Reedy); "Teacher Conceptions about Problem Solving and Problem Solving Instruction" (D.A. Grouws, T.A. Good, & B.J. Dougherty); "Math Teachers and Gender Differences in Math Achievement, Math Participation and Attitudes Towards Math" (H. Kuyper & M.P.C. van der Werf); "Teaching Students to be Reflective: A Study of Two Grade Seven Classes" (F.F. Lester & D.L. Kroll); "Students' Affective Responses to Non-Routine Mathematical Problems: An Empirical Study" (D.B. McLeod, C. Craviotto, & M. Ortega); "Accommodating Curriculum Change in Mathematics: Teachers' Dilemmas" (R. Nolder); "Teachers' Characteristics and Attitudes as Mediating Variables in Computer-Based Mathematics Learning" (R. Noss, C. Hoyles, & R. Sutherland); "Teachers' Perceived Roles of the Computer in Mathematics Education" (J. Ponte); "Mathematics Process as Mathematics Content: A Course for Teachers" (D. Schifter); "Psychological/Philosophical Aspects of Mathematical Activity: Does Theory Influence Practice?" (R. Scott-Hodgetts & S. Lerman); "A Web of Beliefs: Learning to Teach in an Environment with Conflicting Messages" (R.G. Underhill). Includes 27 poster presentation abstracts and a listing of author addresses. (MKR)

More than 60 papers presented at the 1987 Pacific Telecommunications Council (PTC) conference on telecommunications needs, primarily in and around the Pacific region, are included in this volume. Contributions from major industry user groups, governments, developmental institutions, and the small user are represented. Four keynote addresses open the proceedings: (1) "The New Zealand Communications Environment: Goals, Demands, Pressures" (Jonathan Hunt); (2) "Consolidating Communication Services in a Multi-National Environment" (Edmond J. Blausten); (3) "Telecommunications and the Emerging Global Corporation" (R. W. Sturm); and (4) "International Users: Their Place in Planning" (Peter Smith). Papers are then presented chronologically to reflect the focus of the three conference days. Papers from the first day focus on large business and industrial users, including users and providers, user perspectives, national developments, and technical applications. Government and public users were examined on the second day, including public and private networks, using the broadcast medium, shared tenant services and teleports, and using information systems. National developments in Chile (paper is in Spanish), Canada, Japan, and Korea are presented in this section. Papers from the final day look at rural, remote, and small users, including the new environment, educational uses, and applications of small aperture earth stations. (MES)

Language assessment procedures developed by the Houston Independent School District were undertaken to identify limited-English-speaking-ability (LESA) students, mostly Mexican-Americans, for bilingual instruction. Six phases of program development were included: (1) goals, policies and procedures; (2) language assessment; (3) instructional programs; (4) recruitment and hiring of bilingual teachers; (5) staff development; and (6) community involvement. A six-step language assessment procedure was implemented: a parent survey; identification of LESA students needing further assessment, using achievement test scores; a teacher survey; identification of students with English language deficiencies, using the Language Assessment Scales; enrollment in bilingual programs; and testing students for placement in the bilingual program. It was found that assessing proficiency in English and the home language, including frequency and patterns of usage in each language and language achievement, helped to overcome some of the weakensses in the identification procedures. (Appendices include the Parent Survey of Home Language--English and Spanish versions, and the teacher Survey of Student Language). (MH)

This document contains working papers prepared for a seminar on Adaptation and Integration of Permanent Immigrants, along with general and specific recommendations formulated by seminar participants. Conclusions and recommendations from each paper are presented in English, French, and Spanish; the conference papers themselves are presented only in English and are as follows: "The Situation of Children of Migrants and their Adaptation and Integration in the Host Country, and their Situation in the Country of Origin" (W.A. Dumon); "Education of Migrant Children, Including Guidance and Language Training" (G. Falcki); "Sociopsychological Problems of Migrants' Children and Cultural Conflicts" (A. Eppink); "Problems Concerning Clandestine Migrant Children" (G. Rochcau); The Situation of Migrant and Refugee Children in Relation to the United Nations Declaration of the Rights of the Child" (E. Underhill); "Resettlement in the United States of Unattached and Unaccompanied Indochinese Refugee Minors (1975-78) by Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Service" (I. Walther); "Consultative Participation and the Role of Immigrants' Associations in Relation to the Country of Origin and the Host Country" (M.C. Castro Almeida); "The Migrant's Participation in the Political Life of his Country of Origin in the Context of his Integration" (J. Cases Mendez); "Participation of Migrants in the Political Life of their Country of Origin in the Context of their Adaptation (with Special Consideration of the Situation in Turkey)" (H. Pekin); "The Preservation of Immigrant Cultures" (D. Storer); and "Preservation of the Immigrants' Culture and Sharing of Cultural Values" (I.K. Lindenmayer). The document ends with a list of all information documents submitted by governments and international organizations, and a list of participants. (RDN)