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Copyright of Recht der Werkelijkheid is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper I discuss the introduction of the systematic dissection of human corpses for scientific (medical) purposes in Hellenistic Alexandria. This in-novation – associated with the names of Herophilus of Chalcedon and Erasistra- tus of Keos (third century BCE) in particular – led to significant advances in ana- tomical and physiological knowledge such as the discovery of the nervous system. Surprisingly, it fell into disuse again very soon after its successful introduction. Why did human anatomy emerge in this particular place in this particular period? Why was it abandoned again so soon? In this paper I will argue that we are dealing with a case of innovation that failed due to inadequate anchoring. In so doing I will take a closer look at the circumstances prevailing in early Hellenistic Alexandria but also put these into perspective by pointing to developments in first and second century CE medicine when a group of physicians, especially Galen of Pergamum, succeeded in putting back anatomy, largely based on animal material, on the agen- da of medical research. Two decisive factors and their interplay seem to have been central to the developments we describe, viz. societal (moral, religious) values and norms and developments within ancient medicine itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Acta Universitatis Carolinae Philologica is the property of Charles University Prague, Karolinum Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bestuurskunde is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bestuurskunde is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bestuurskunde is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tijdschrift voor Veiligheid is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dutch Linguistics / Nederlandse Taalkunde is the property of Amsterdam University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bestuurskunde is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bestuurskunde is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bestuurskunde is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of two works by Dutch (children's) author Toon Tellegen and their translations into Polish. The article focuses on the cultural context adaptation of the dual address for children and adults in his works on the one hand, the textual and visual cohesion on the other. The analysis will show that, while the translated text favors a foreignization approach, treating the child as a full-fledged reader and allowing the adult to find merit in these stories, too, the visual adaptations lean towards domesticating it for the Polish cultural context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both in Die Riddere metter Mouwen (‘The Knight with the Sleeve’), a Flemish Arthurian romance written in the second part of the thirteenth century, and in Lodewijk van Velthem’s Fifth Part of the Spiegel Historiael (‘Mirror of History’), an early fourteenth-century continuation of Jacob van Maerlant’s voluminous world history (1284-1289), a frightening forest appears which is called Woud(e) sonder Genade (‘Forest without Mercy’). This correspond- ence is remarkable, for these Middle Dutch texts offer the oldest known occurences of a toponym not found in adjacent languages. Following the reasoning of Marijke Carasso-Kok, Thea Summerfield believes that Velthem has borrowed the name ‘Forest without Mercy’ from the Arthurian romance, which the chronicler may have known at the time: an adaptation of the story is inserted in the Velthem-owned Lancelot Compilation (c. 1320-1330). As Summerfield argues, Velthem presents the English King Edward I as a second King Arthur, not only by stating this explicitly and having Edward enact the role of his predecessor in Round Table festivities, but also, when narrating Edward’s feats, by reminding listeners and readers of Arthurian events from the past as described in romances. One of these romances, according to Summerfield, is Die Riddere metter Mouwen. After drawing his audience’s attention to this romance by using the singular name ‘Forest without Mercy’ again, Velthem in his chronicle – so Summerfield asserts – alludes to frightening incidents in the Arthurian Woud sonder Genade as told in the Flemish story. This narrative strategy, Summerfield concludes, served Velthem’s purpose to prove the historicity of the adventures King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table once experienced. The current paper aims to prove that Summerfield’s argument is not supported by evidence present in Velthem’s text: apart from the shared toponym, the chronicle contains no intertextual references to Die Riddere metter Mouwen. Therefore, its date of composition (1315-1317) is not valid as terminus ante quem for the creation of the Flemish romance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tijdschrift voor Criminologie is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tijdschrift voor Bedrijfs- En Verzekeringsgeneeskunde is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, we report on the construction of a linguistically annotated pilot corpus of the southern Dutch dialects, based on existing tape recordings from the 1960s and 1970s. The corpus provides audio aligned transcriptions in two layers, one closer to the dialect and one closer to Standard Dutch, the latter of which is part-of-speech and syntactically tagged. The corpus is intended to facilitate large-scale research into the syntactic pecularities of the southern Dutch dialects, which could not be researched systematically on a large scale in an easily reproducible way yet. Two short case studies concerning such peculiarities, i.e. V2 violations and the retention of the old preverbal negation particle, are presented in this paper to support the need for the corpus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper defends the existence of aspect in Latin by proposing a three-dimensional (SFL-inspired) interpretation of both aspect and tense. The traditional usage labels of the tenses can all be framed within the framework proposed in this paper. Moreover, the interpersonal meaning of perspective, similar to focalization, adds an important interpretation of many tenses and their textual surroundings. The ultimate tense choice in narratives usually depends on the most important dimension of meaning, along a certain metafunctional hierarchy. Such a multidimensional interpretation of the tenses may inspire an authentic reading experience and boost the development of pupils' cognitive and linguistic capacities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dutch Linguistics / Nederlandse Taalkunde is the property of Amsterdam University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tijdschrift voor Criminologie is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tijdschrift voor Historische Geografie is the property of Amsterdam University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tijdschrift voor Historische Geografie is the property of Amsterdam University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

this paper is an introduction to the Studium issue De Hogere Burger School: onderwijs en emancipatie (the Higher Burger School: education and emancipation). Besides introducing the papers of this issue, we provide a historiographic outline of this form of education, which was founded in 1863 and played an important role in the emancipation of the Dutch middle classes. the Higher Burger School is also reknowned for its role in the rise of the Dutch natural sciences. In the course of the twentieth century this school gradually became regarded as outdated. In 1968 it was replaced by new forms of secondary education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychopraktijk is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tijdschrift voor Criminologie is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Netherlands Journal of Legal Philosophy is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Foreigner Talk refers to a repertoire of linguistic and non-verbal strategies that a language community regards as appropriate in interactions with less proficient L2 speakers. Such adaptations often include the use of hand gestures, as illustrated by different communication guidelines. However, research on gestures in Foreigner Talk has almost exclusively focused their ability to illustrate concrete actions and objects, limiting our understanding of how more abstract gestures can be helpful in interactions with L2 speakers. In this paper, we propose a qualitative analysis of gestures in four excerpts from a corpus of semi-spontaneous conversations between L1 and L2 speakers and we highlight gestures that motivate their meaning at different degrees of abstraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Enlightenment Europe multilingualism was an omnipresent fact. Even the correspondences of eighteenth-century writers gave clear evidence of – often strategically chosen – forms of multilingualism. Up until today, the question arises as to why early modern writers used (various forms of) multilingualism in their letters. This paper investigates, for the first time, the hypothesis that early modern writers used multilingualism in their letter writing as a strategy for intellectual and authorial self-fashioning. To that end, it explores the multilingual dimensions of two women writers’ correspondences. Studying the way in which Marie-Jeanne Riccoboni (1713-1792) and Isabelle de Charrière (1740- 1805) actively (re)shaped their intellectual authority and authorial identity by means of multilingualism will prove to provide an excellent stepping stone towards more (comparative) research on the forms and functions of multilingualism in the (life) writing of eighteenth-century male and female writers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on minimizing strategies in present-day Netherlandic Dutch. The minimizing construction under investigation consists of (1) an element of negation (geen); (2) a predicate and (3) a minimizer, a noun that denotes a small quantity and that is used to reinforce sentential negation (e.g. geen woord begrijpen ‘to understand not a word’). First, we situate the minimizing construction in relation to other, pragmatic minimizing strategies. Then, we provide a semantic typology of the minimizers in our dataset. Moreover, we give an overview of the different strategies that are available to extend the slot of the minimizer, such as analogical and context-based extensions. This shows the productivity (in terms of lexical scope) of the minimizing construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cappadocian is an extremely endangered Greek dialect that was spoken in Central Turkey until the Greek-Turkish Population Exchange of 1923-1924. This involuntary emigration to Greece caused the near-extinction of this dialect. Nowadays the number of Cappadocian speakers and semi-speakers has decreased to approximately 2,800. Fortunately this very remarkable dialect, which was thoroughly influenced by the Turkish language, has been captured in many orally transmitted folktales that were recorded by philologists and dialectologists from the nineteenth century onwards. This paper presents a critical edition of a hitherto unpublished folktale: ‘The Shepherd’, a very short story in the Cappadocian subdialect of the village of Axo, recorded by Richard M. Dawkins. The edition is followed by a Dutch translation of ‘The Shepherd’ and a folkloristic discussion on its origin. This folktale is most likely one of the numerous versions of the story about the one-eyed giant, the Cyclops, best known from its variant in Homer’s Odyssey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of a study on the audition of a Dutch tense vowel [e:] and the diphthong [ɛi] by Polish native speakers. It was hypothesized that Polish native speakers may pronounce the Dutch [e:] as a combination of [ɛ] and [j] because they generally fail to distinguish the [e:] from the diphthong [ɛi], as both sounds lie acoustically close to each other (especially those produced by speakers of Dutch from the Netherlands); moreover, they are absent from the Polish phonetic system. Instead, the experiment has shown that Polish native speakers are very good at differentiating the isolated Dutch [e:] and [ɛi]. It seems that the pronunciation of the Dutch [e:] as a combination of [ɛ] and [j] is rather a matter of articulation than audition, but further experiments are needed to examine the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing trend in the scientific world to publish papers in English. Describing research in the field of technology or medicine in English is justified, because it allows for faster verification of results and their application by scientists in any part of the world, and thus their faster use by ordinary people. It is questionable, however, whether it makes sense to write about a language - especially one as small as Dutch - in the language of Shakespeare. Dutch still lends itself very well to scientific argument, as the publications in this volume prove. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tijdschrift voor Veiligheid is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nederlands Tijdschrift voor de Zorg aan Mensen met Veerstandelijke Beperkingen is the property of Uitgeverij van Gorcum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tijdschrift voor Toezicht is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Both Dutch and (West) Frisian make use of the exclamative particle wat ('how'), that adds an element of surprise about a high degree of something to the semantics of the sentence. In this paper I will first show the similarities between the use of the particle in the two languages. I will demonstrate that, in Dutch, its use is largely confined to constructions that are semantically scalable, whereas in Frisian this restriction is far less strict. I will explain the difference by showing that Dutch wat is a syntactic amplifier of lexical phrases, whereas Frisian wat has developed into a pragmatic amplifier of the core predicate. I will try to account for that difference by showing how homophonous words absent in Dutch are likely to have influenced the use of Frisian wat, and how Dutch prosody strengthens the connection between wat and the amplified lexical phrase, whereas Frisian prosody weakens it. Finally, I will show that the system described as 'Frisian' is occasionally found in varieties of Dutch too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the two 'international' or ecumenical associations of athletes and artists in the Roman empire, the so-called xystic and thymelic synods. These associations played a key role in the world of Greek competitive festivals (agones). They not only provided practical assistance to their members and protected their professional and economic interests, they also contributed to the organisation of the competitions and supported the central authorities in keeping up an official festival calendar. Hence, they were not merely a side effect of the expansion of Greek festivals across the Roman empire, they were an important factor in making this expansion possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I point out remarkable similarities between the Orestes myth and the Arabic story of al-Zir. In addition to the parallels adduced by the Egyptian critic Louis 'Awad (1968) and in my earlier study 'Blood on the Wedding Bed' (2017), I argue here that the killing of a she-camel which ignited the Arabic Basus War is a parallel to Agamemnon's killing of a sacred deer on the eve of the Trojan War. I propose five criteria to distinguish between weak and strong parallels, and argue that there are not only similarities between single episodes from the Orestes myth and the story of al-Zir, but that the main plot line of both stories is also conspicuously similar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tijdschrift voor Urologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Dutch canon offers 50 short texts that teach Dutch students about important parts of Dutch culture and history. Those texts are provided at three levels of complexity. The first part of this paper presents an automatic analysis of the linguistic features that have been modified in simplifying the texts. The versions differ most in word complexity and frequency, concreteness, syntactic complexity and cohesion. Smaller effects are found for human interest, and none for connectives. Correlations show that lexical and syntactic simplifications go hand in hand with increased cohesion. Given the text topic, syntax and cohesion are shown to vary more widely than word frequency and especially concreteness. The second part of the paper tests the comprehension effects of a particular medium-level simplification, concerning a text on the First World War. The main stylistic revisions concern lexical complexity and cohesion; furthermore, the revision ads headings. The experiment used a 2x2 design with stylistic level and headings (yes/no) as factors. 234 students from grades five, eight and nine answered comprehension questions. Across the board, we find higher comprehension scores for the stylistic revision; no heading effects are found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper first overviews the results of eight experiments that examined the effects of school health communication about alcohol and tobacco on low educated adolescents. Overall, it was found that there was a short term knowledge increase but only among adolescents with less knowledge. Also, the attitude became more negative towards alcohol among adolescents who were more positive towards alcohol at baseline. All of these effects disappeared within a month. There were no effects on intention. Importantly, the format of the health communication did not matter. Results were largely identical for print and audiovisual versions, as well as for informational and narrative versions. Adding testimonials of adolescents to the print and audiovisual informational formats did not make a difference. The second part of this paper focuses on a ninth experiment that tested the effects of connectives in alcohol health education. Studies on school education texts suggested that texts are easier interpretable if sentences are linked by connectives, but so far this has not been tested on health education texts for low educated adolescents. Overall, we found no differential effects on knowledge, attitude, and intention between a condition with connectives and a condition without connectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the question how salience, i.e. the perceptual and cognitive prominence of language features (Kerswill & Williams 2002:63), can be studied and explained. Within language change studies, the concept of salience is often called upon to explain why certain language features are more prone to change than others, but empirical data to substantiate claims of salience are often lacking or non-convincing. In this paper, an overview is offered of ways in which salience can be studied empirically, building on the insights of recent perceptual dialectological research. It will be argued that a combination of techniques should be strived at, as this allows to combine the strengths of each approach. Subsequently, by offering an overview of existing hypotheses, the question will be addressed how salience can be explained. The formulated insights will be illustrated and tested by means of a multi-methodological salience experiment conducted in Flanders. This case study clearly shows (1) the advantage of an approach combining dialect imitation data and several types of interview data and (2) that salience is influenced by a variety of factors, such as the linguistic background of the listener and the context in which the feature occurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a quasi-experimental study in two fifth grade classes, the effect of using the computer program ‘Snappet' on the growth in spelling ability was evaluated. Snappet consists of an application for use in primary education to instruct pupils in language, arithmetic and other subjects. Two classes with a total of 46 pupils participated in the study. Results show that pupils using the Snappet application showed a significantly smaller learning gain in spelling ability than students working with pencil and paper. It is concluded that teaching spelling with the Snappet application seems less efficient for the pupils in our sample than teaching spelling with pencil and paper and that further research is needed to ascertain what causes the negative effect of the application use with fifth grade pupils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on a research on the use of Dutch forms of address (i.e. the second-person pronouns u and je/jij) among students in Poland. It takes the address model proposed by Brown en Gilman and the findings of the research of Hannie Vermaas and Roel Vismans on the present use of Dutch forms of address in the Netherlands as its theoretical inspiration. Moreover it homes in on domain (as defined by Fishman and Clyne et al.) as factor for choice of address forms. The paper is based on a quantitative analysis of a questionnaire in which Polish respondents of three universities in Poland were asked to point out which pronoun they use in order to address a variety of interlocutors. The research itself aims at finding out to what extend the Polish respondents are aware of the current sociolinguistic trends and changes in the use of forms of address in spoken Dutch in the Netherlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, ‘On the Transcription of Dutch Proper Names in Bulgarian' aims at providing general rules and guidelines to be applied in a new model for the transcription of Dutch proper names in Bulgarian. The fundamental principles of translation, transliteration and transcription have been considered as the most common methods for rendering proper names from a source language into a target language with a different writing system. It is crucial that the rendering of proper names be based on the authentic articulation of the Dutch name, avoiding the imitation of its true pronunciation. The written form of the name should also be taken into account as a lasting means of communication which can affect spoken language. Such traditional versions often occurred in the past as a result of lexical translations of parts of the name or of the whole name, as well as of morphological and/or phonological adaptations. The paper shows that when rendering Dutch names into Bulgarian priority should be given to transcription over transliteration. However, the latter can be used when a sound has no equivalent in Bulgarian or when it is necessary for a name to be easily and accurately retranscribed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]