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Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Natural Resources / Ziran Ziyuan Xuebao is the property of Journal of Natural Resources and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rational construction of a well-facilitated farmland become necessary for food security and modern agriculture in China. In farmland construction, the automatic management of spatial data can benefit to accurately distinguish well-facilitated farmland from the various land types. Various discriminating ways of well-facilitated farmland are adopted due to the different influence factors of agricultural production in in different regions, where the spatial distribution and structural features of well-facilitated farmland are quite different from place to place across the country. Most of the previous studies focus mainly on policies, benefit evaluation, preliminary planning and design in the well-facilitated farmland construction. There is still lacking on the studies of the discrimination and analysis for the regional structural features of the well-facilitated farmland. In this paper, a framework of an index system was constructed to identify the spatial distribution and structural features of the well-facilitated farmland using the law of spatial differentiation together with the related national standards and strategic planning, ranging from the scale and shape of farmlands, irrigation and drainage facilities, traffic accessibility, and farmland protection ratio. The identifying system was designed on the basis of the index framework with C#. NET and Arc Object. Subsequently, the proposed system was verified for its availability by taking a case study of a Loess Plateau and a southern mountainous region. The results were as follows: (1) In the Loess Plateau area, the standard rate of the farmland scale, farmland shape, irrigation and drainage facilities, traffic accessibility was 87.01%, 83.12%, 80.52%, 90.91% and 83.12%, respectively. The well-facilitated farmland area can be identified by the system was 38.33 hm² with the total discriminating precision was 94.38%. There were some farmlands that did not meet the requirements of the well-facilitated farmland, such as incomplete irrigation and drainage facilities, the irregular shapes of the fields that distributed in the branch furrow and furrow head around the farmland. (2) In the southern mountainous area, the standard rate of all spatial features was 100%. The well-facilitated farmland area that identified by the system was 30.07 hm², which was 10.34 hm² higher than that of the state-approved well-facilitated farmland. The high identified areas can be because some fields that meet the requirements of well-facilitated farmland have not been classed as the permanent basic farmland in some administrative regions. When regardless of this classification, the total discrimination precision was 100%. This index system can be used in different scenarios, such as macro monitoring and evaluation, project design and inspection of the well-facilitated farmland. This system was also applied for the Northeast Plain, North China Plain, Loess Plateau and southern mountainous regions, while the key elements of the spatial features of well-facilitated farmland construction can be detected with a reliable discriminant resolution. When combining with the remote sensing technology, the index system can help automatic management to know the real-time spatial data of well-facilitated farmland construction. Therefore, the developed system can be successfully applied to identify the extract well-facilitated farmland in the construction area, and then to analyze the obtained spatial data in real time, finally to implement automatic management for well-facilitated farmland construction. Furthermore, the proposed system in this paper can offer a promising reference to the current comprehensive supervision platform, and improve the management effectiveness of well-facilitated farmland construction in modern agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Natural Resources / Ziran Ziyuan Xuebao is the property of Journal of Natural Resources and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shanghai Land & Resources / Shanghai Guotu Ziyuan is the property of Editorial Board of Shanghai Land & Resources and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sustainable management of landscapes determines the relationship between each ecosystem service on different spatial scales. Taking Yanchi County of Ningxia in China as the research area, this paper aims to clarify the interaction between the main ecosystem services of grazing-prohibited grassland in agro-pasture ecotone, using various techniques, such as data extraction of grassland, remote sensing inversion, and spatial analysis. After local correction to InVEST model, three key ecosystem services, including the carbon storage, the water conservation and soil conservation after grazing prohibition during 2000－2015, were measured to define the features of their spatial-temporal changes. The spatial trade-offs were represented quantitatively for three services, and the partial correlation analysis at a pixel scale was used to analyze the spatial synergies at the township scale. The results show that three indicators of grassland ecosystem, including the functions of carbon storage, water and soil conservation, were significantly enhanced since the grazing prohibition. Specifically, the total carbon storage and density increased from 2 174 600 tons and 5.78 t/hm2 to 2 631 200 tons and 6.19 t/hm2, respectively; the quantity and density of water conservation increased from 28.84 million tons and 76.69 t/hm2 to 61.18 million tons and 143.92 t/hm2, respectively; and the total quantity and density of soil conservation increased from 13.83 million tons and 36.78 t/hm2 to 34.74 million tons and 81.71 t/hm2, respectively. However, there was a significant "N" type fluctuation in the increasing process. During the whole period, the range of carbon storage in grassland ecosystem varied slowly with continuous increase or decrease; while the water and soil conservation showed a remarkable increase or decrease. In terms of regional differences, the increases of carbon storage and water conservation in the north were higher than that in the south, whereas, the increase of soil conservation in the south was higher than that in the north. The function of carbon storage was closely related to the grassland type, indicating small interannual fluctuation and stable growth. The water and soil conservation can depend significantly on precipitation and terrain, leading to large interannual fluctuations and significant spatial differences. There was a spatial synergistic relationship between the soil and water conservation (86.34%) of grassland. The relationship between carbon storage and water conservation was complex, where the spatial trade-off and synergetic relationship were not correlation (47.66% and 52.34% respectively), while the carbon storage and soil conservation showed a spatial synergistic relationship (69.55%). Terrains dominated the synergies and trade-offs relationship between the carbon storage and water conservation, as well the carbon storage and soil conservation. Specifically, the synergetic relationship in areas revealed a large topographic relief, while there was most trade-offs relationship in flat areas. Therefore, the quantitative visualization can be used to evaluate the spatial trade-offs and synergies among the services of grassland ecosystem. The proposed method can further provide a scientific basis for the optimization of the grassland ecosystem, and thereby serve as a sound support for the sustainable management of grassland resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With rapid development in economy in China the demand for tourism has been changed exerting pressure on tourism resorts to transform and upgrade. As tourism area bears the responsibility of sustaining social and economic development, its land use has to be diversified, leading to a potential land use conflicts. However, there is a paucity of study on that and we attempt to address this knowledge gap. Assuming that a tourism resort should at least have ecological function, productivity and suitability for living (ecological-production-living suitability), we proposed an empirical model to identify and diagnose potential land use conflicts in tourism resorts by taking Wuyishan National Tourism Resort as an example. The potential land use conflict in resort was divided into five zones with different conflicting levels: zone without conflict, zone with mild conflict zone, zone with moderate conflict, zone with intense conflict, and zone with severe conflict. The conflict was divided into four levels: stable and controllable, quite controllable, slightly out of control, uncontrollable. Preliminary studies showed that there were significant differences in ecological-production-living suitability of the land use in this region, revealing existence of competitions and conflicts in land use. The results showed that the areas with land use conflict ranging from controllable to uncontrollable accounted for 17.76%, 35.59%, 22.37%, 23.74% and 0.55% of the whole area. The stable and controllable zone was mainly in the western, southeastern and central regions, and areas in the high-end health resort area, pastoral health resort area and eco-recreational area. The quite controllable zone was mainly in the transition zone from human production areas to the life and ecological protection area, including the waterfront recreation area and eco-recreational areas. The basic out-of-control conflicts were mainly distributed in the intensive activities of human production and life, which had both constructive and destructive conflicts. The serious out-of-control conflicts were smaller in area but deeper in degree. The spatial distribution, expression and conflict degree of potential land use conflict areas determined the conflict governance strategies should also be different. For example, strategies such as spatial control, quality improvement, and functional manifestation could be adopted according to local conditions. The framework of identification and governance of potential land use conflicts in tourist resorts proposed in this paper can accurately reflect the actual pattern of land use conflicts and can provide reference for the land use planning and management in tourist resorts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As the basic means of agricultural production, cultivated land plays an irreplaceable role in ensuring food security and promoting social and economic development. With the enhancement of urban interactions in space, the land use conflicts between urban development and agricultural protection have been intensified due to the diversified land demands caused by population agglomeration, industrial restructuring and infrastructure construction. Exploring the impacts of urbanization on cultivated land change has become a hot issue in China at present. Most of current studies have paid increasing attentions to the relationship between the growth of individual cities and cultivated land occupation, and few of them attempted to reveal the driving factors of cultivated land change from the perspective of spatial interaction of cities. Urban agglomeration is the main form of new urbanization in China. It is crucial to identify the distribution of cultivated land change and its driving factors from the perspective of urban agglomeration. In this paper, we measured the spatial connection of urban agglomerations based on the gravity equation and the urban flow intensity model, and then explored influencing factors of cultivated land conversion at the scales of individual cities and urban agglomerations during the period of 2005-2015 using a multilevel linear regression model. The research results show that the area of cultivated land in the major urban agglomerations has dropped sharply by 17 572.8 square kilometers in the decade from 2005 to 2015. The situation of cultivated land protection is grim. Then it shows significant scale effects and regional heterogeneity of cultivated land change in urban agglomerations. At the urban scale, the change of cultivated land is positively correlated with agricultural population, industrial economy and agricultural science & technology development, whereas negatively correlated with the growth of foreign investment and the expansion of construction land. At the scale of urban agglomeration, both indicators of spatial connection have a negative correlation with cultivated land change. Moreover, remarkable regional differences of influencing factors of cultivated land change exist between coastal and inland China. Comparing the regional differentiation of the degree of influence of outward functional forces, it can be found that the spatial interaction of coastal urban agglomerations has a more positive effect on the protection of cultivated land than the inland urban agglomerations with relatively backward development, and the negative impact is also smaller than that of inland urban agglomerations. The comparison with other models verified the effectiveness of the multilevel linear regression approach to reveal the influencing mechanism of cultivated land change on different scales. And the result of null model has proved the necessity and rationality in the research perspective of spatial interactions between cities. As a word, the strengthening of spatial interaction in urban agglomerations under rough development will obstruct the protection of cultivated land. In this case, controlling industrialization and urbanization reasonably, concerning the scale effects and regional heterogeneity, improving laws and regulations, correcting the rough development path, and improving land use efficiency might be the critical roads to relieve conflicts between development of urban agglomerations and protection of cultivated land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)