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At present, North China faces serious groundwater overmining problem. In the action plan of comprehensive control of groundwater overmining in North China, it is clearly proposed to strengthen agricultural water saving, and adjust the structure of agricultural planting. Farmers' cognition of water saving irrigation technology is closely related to water saving effect. This paper takes the survey of 269 farmers in Guyuan county, Zhangjiakou city, Hebei province as a sample, uses structural equation model to explore intrinsic mechanism of farmers' cognition of water saving irrigation technology. Results show that, the path of personal characteristics of farmers, characteristics of household production, characteristics of policy advocacy, farmer cognition of water resources scarcity are 0.186, 0.157, 0.469 and 0.200. respectively. It is indicated that water saving irrigation technology subsidy, technical training and visiting high efficiency water saving demonstration area are effective in improving farmers' cognition of water saving irrigation technology. Therefore, on the basis of reliance on government technical financial support, we should find out the farmers' cognition differences in water saving irrigation techniques, and perfect the publicity system of water saving irrigation technology so as to enhance farmers' enthusiasm to use water saving irrigation technology in North China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]