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The remote location of resource-based cities is considered to be an important factor restricting the transformation and sustainable development of resource- based cities. With the rapid development of high-speed rail, has the location of resource-based cities been improved? In this paper, with the State Council identifying 126 resources- based cities as the case cities, taking the provincial capital cities of resources-based cities located in these provinces and three regional central cities of Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou which are closely linked to resources-based cities as the reference objects, using the calculation method of time distance, the location of resources- based cities was evaluated among different development types and different regions. The research shows that: (1) From the perspective of overall sample, due to the impact of high- speed railway, the location of resource- based cities has deteriorated. Compared with D-series trains, the impact of G-series trains is even more pronounced. (2) Dseries trains and G- series trains have a consistent effect on the locations of resource- based cities. To a certain extent, D- series trains and G- series trains have an overlapping layout in spatial distribution. (3) From the perspective of resource types, the mature resource-based cities are not only the cities with the most obvious improvements of locations, but also the cities with the most obvious deterioration of locations. (4) From the perspective of different regions, the central region is the region with the most obvious improvement of locations, and the western region is the region with the most obvious deterioration of locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]