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In order to explore the effects of 2 kinds of biomass improver, corn straw and EM inoculants on soil erosion factors (rainfallerodibility R and soil erodibility K) in southwest China, this paper used the micro plot (1 m x 1 m) and unified the slope, used 2 kinds of biomass improver in ration and set the original soil to observe and analyze the changes of runoff and sediment and the changes of physical and chemical properties on soil. The results show that both of the 2 improved methods compared with original soil have the function of reducing soil erosion: in the rainy season (from June to October), soil erosion under the straw returning to field decreases by 52. 8%, 53%, 63%, 62. 1% and 63. 5% respectively, and soil erosion under the microbial inoculant application decreases by 34%, 33. 9%, 43. 7%, 39. 2% and 41. 3% respectively; percent of soil erosion degree: straw returning to field < microbial inoculant application < original control, soil erosion amount and soil erosion factors show good correlation, the ranges of correlation coefficient are 0. 733 7-0. 993 1 and 0. 692 1-0. 974 3 respectively, and the 2 different ways of straw returning and microbial inoculant application can significantly reduce K value, the numerical ranges are 0. 215 8-0. 249 6 and 0. 297 9-0. 320 4 respectively. The comprehensive analysis shows that the soil erosion and soil erosion factors are significantly correlated with the biomass improvement and the effect of R on soil erosion in the center of Yunnan Province is greater than that of K; 2 kinds of biomass soil improvement methods can effectively enhance soil corrosion resistance and the consolidation effect of straw returning to field is greater than that of the microbial inoculant application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]