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Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The improvement of saline-alkali soil should be adapted to local conditions by combining protection and utilization. The Yellow River irrigation area in Binzhou, Shandong Province is rich in land resources, but the salinization is serious and the available water resources are few, which have seriously restricted the construction of Beihai economic development zone. Combined with the local actual situation, this paper discussed the feasibility of improving saline-alkali land in Beihai New District by using sediment deposited in the Yellow River irrigation area. According to the existing water system, water source, sediment source and other data, the paper demonstrated the utilization potential of water and sediment resources of the Yellow River, and proposed the layout scheme of the implementation of Xiaokaihe and Bojili joint pipeline sediment transport project and the pipeline sediment transport project of diverting water from the Yellow River to Qingdao. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspection and testing is an important part of national quality infrastructure and plays an important basic supporting role in the high-quality development of water conservancy. In order to better play the important role of inspection and testing in serving the high-quality development of water conservancy, this paper studied the current situation of inspection and testing in water conservancy industry, analyzed the contents of inspection and testing served the high-quality development of water conservancy industry from the four aspects of inspection and testing served the sustainable development of environment, the quality improvement of water conservancy projects, the quality improvement of water conservancy products and equipment and inspection and testing standards supported the development of inspection and testing industry. This paper put forward the problems existing in the inspection and testing of water conservancy industry and some suggestions from the four aspects of optimizing the layout of inspection and testing market, improving the level of inspection and testing technology, strengthening the construction of integrity system and strengthening the construction of inspection and testing information platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The quality inspection and assessment is an important part ofa project construction. Traditional construction quality inspection and assessment mainly use manual paper documents for inspection, filling, signing, circulation and archiving. The data is difficult to count in real time and there are problems such as large workload, low efficiency and inconvenient query. The digital technology of engineering quality inspection and assessment was studied by this paper. Through the analysis and research based on standardize workflow, form electronization, BIM lightweight and data fusion and other related information technology methods, it designed a digital evaluation and inspection platform for engineering quality inspection and evaluation. Combining with mobile terminals, it had achieved real-time reporting, circulation and sharing of review data, on-site pictures, videos and other materials, making the review more convenient and efficient, improving work efficiency, realizing the digital and intelligent quality review and improving the quality of engineering works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Funding scheme research is an important basis for the relevant department’s investment decision of Huangzangsi Dam Project. It is the comprehensive development and utilization project as the main task of ecological water distribution, which belongs to social welfare projects. Based on the benefit analysis of Huangzangsi Dam Project, the paper used different methods to share the cost, calculated the irrigation water price and engineering tariff and analyzed the tolerance capacity of irrigation water price. On this basis, the paper calculated the loan capability of the project. Considering the lending capacity of the project, the tolerance ability of irrigation water price and the possible engineering tariff scheme, the paper recommend the funding scheme and made financial evaluation for project decision-making reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Xiaolangdi Reservoir has been mainly used for sediment trapping and water-sediment regulating in order to reduce sedimentation of the lower Yellow River after operation, which results in lower sediment transport efficiency. At present, a suitable river channel scale of median water with the bankfull discharge capacity of 4 000 m³/s has been formed in the lower Yellow River. Under this riverbed condition, how to maintain the river channel of median water of the lower Yellow River and give full play to the river sediment transport capacity becomes new requirement to the operation of the reservoir. This paper analyzed the sediment transport efficiency at different sediment concentration levels and discharge levels based on the measured data of 306 non-overbank floods in the lower reaches of the Yellow River from 1960 to 2016 and proposed that the downstream river channel had a higher sediment transport efficiency when the large flow with sediment concentration greater than 60 kg/m³, but it was also prone to cause sedimentation in the river channel. The paper further proposed the sediment transport requirement to the operation of the reservoir based on maintaining the river channel of median water of the lower Yellow River. In order to improve the sediment transport capacity of the downstream river, when the bankfull discharge capacity of the downstream river channel was about 4 000 m³/s, the Xiaolangdi Reservoir could discharge large-flow processes with sediment concentration less than 100 kg/m³. When the bankfull discharge capacity of the downstream river channel was greater than 4 500 m³/s, the Xiaolangdi Reservoir could discharge large-flow processes with sediment concentration less than 200 kg/m³. When the bankfull discharge capacity of the downstream river channel was less than 4 000 m³/s in the future, the Xiaolangdi Reservoir would still mainly trap sediment to reinvent the river channel. The calculation results of the mathematical model show that the adjustment of the operation mode of the reservoir can improve the sediment transport capacity of the downstream river, alleviate the sedimentation of the reservoir and the downstream river and maintain the river channel of median water with the bankfull discharge capacity of 4 000 m³/s for a longer period of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The changes of water and sediment in the Yellow River, especially judging the trend of the amount of incoming sediment is an important basis for determining the strategy for controlling the Yellow River. The runoff and sediment of the Jialu River Basin in the middle reaches of the Yellow River have been decreased sharply in recent years. Taking the Jialu River Basin as the research object, the paper analyzed the possible amount of incoming sand in extreme rainstorm conditions. The result shows that based on 204 rainfall events in the Jialu River Basin from 1962 to 2017, the flood rainfall-sedimentary double cumulative curve plotted on the measured data points of sediment transport shows significant inflection points in 1972 and 2002. After the inflection point, the amount of sediment transport is significantly reduced under the same rainfall conditions. Then this paper took 1971 as the natural period and 2002 and later as the current stage. The relationship between rainfall over 50mm and sediment yield was analyzed by sub-rainfall fitting method, rainfall erosion method, sub-rainfall time-segment rainfall fitting method and outsourcing line method. The fitting effect was ideal. The amJysis of rainfall by period fitting shows that, during the rainfall, the maximum 1h rainfall, the maximum 2h rainfall minus the maximum 1h rainfall, the maximum 3h rainfall minus the maximum 2h rainfall, the three sub-period rainfalls have a greater impact on the amount of sediment transported by the sub flood. Adopting 4 fitting formulas and extreme torrential rain set by historical measured extreme rainfall combined method, the current calculation of the possible amount of sediment in the Jialu River is between 12 million and 22 million tons. Compared with the natural period, the benefit of sand reduction is 88.7%-94.8%. The maximum possible sediment load of 22 million tons is 42.3% of the measured maximum subsurface flood discharge of 52 million tons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper proposed an accurate online hierarchical warning method of the uplift pressure of the gate dam. Considering the impact of the uplift pressure on the concrete gravity dam safety, the real uplift pressure distribution of the dam foundation was approximated by the measured uplift pressure connecting line of two adjacent points on the transverse monitoring section. The measured uplifting pressure was obtained by calculating the area between the connecting line and the dam foundation line using an embedded system of edge computing. Based on the measured uplift pressure, the vertical normal stress and principal stress at the dam heel and toe were calculated, and the stability safety factors of the anti-sliding and anti-overturning were also computed. The online hierarchical warning of the uplift pressure of the dam was realized by comparing the calculated results with the corresponding requirements. In order to convert daily conditions into standard typical conditions, the stability safety factor of typical working conditions was calculated by mapping the measured uplift pressure to typical control working conditions using GRU (Gate Recurrent Unit), which was a deep learning model with low complexity and was suitable for the embedded system of edge computing. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified with a practical engineering example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large-scale irrigation area water-saving renovation projects have large investment and many influencing factors. In order to objectively evaluate the implementation effect of large-scale irrigation area water-saving renovation projects, it is necessary to judge whether the renovation goals are achieved. This paper selected 25 evaluation indicators from four aspects of project construction, water-saving and incomeincreasing benefits, irrigation area management reform and irrigation area sustainable development, put forward 4-level classification standards and methods and established a large-scale irrigation area water-saving renovation project implementation effect evaluation system. The membership function was determined by logistic distribution, the maximum membership method was improved and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method for the implementation effect of large-scale irrigation area water-saving renovation projects based on logistic distribution was proposed. Taking a large-scale irrigation area in Hebei Province as an example to conduct an example evaluation, it is concluded that the comprehensive membership degree of the implementation effect of the water-saving renovation project in this irrigation area is 0.573 0 and the overall evaluation is good (II). The evaluation results are basically consistent with the actual situation of the implementation of the watersaving renovation project in the irrigation area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reveal the weathering rate of arsenic sandstone and the main influence factors of the area with abundant and coarse sediment in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the paper selected 3 original rock samples (test blocks) for each red and grayishwhite arsenic sandstone from Erlaohugou small watershed in Jungar Banner in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It conducted continuous observation of the morphological changes and weathering erosion amount of each sample for nearly 3 years by using the 3 treatment methods of completely exposed, rainproof and windproof. It calculated the weathering rate based on the proportion of weathering denudation amount to the initial mass of the sample and analyzed the main influence factors of the arsenic sandstone weathering rate and its contribution rate. The results show that the bare in natural state, the grayishwhite arsenic sandstone weathering rate is greater than the red arsenic sandstone weathering rate, average annual weathering rate calculated according to the specimen quality are 32.61% and 21.88% respectively. The contribution rates of precipitation, wind power and freeze-thaw to the weathering of grayishwhite Pisha sandstone are 80.96%, 10.24% and 8.80% respectively, while the contributions to the weathering of red Pisha sandstone are 88.53%, 4.89% and 6.58% respectively. The influence of precipitation to the weathering rate of Pisha sandstone is significantly greater than that of wind power and freeze-thaw. The alternately or superimposed weathering forces of precipitation, wind and freeze-thaw accelerate the weathering of feldspathic sandstone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yellow River source is important runoff yield area in the Yellow River Basin, and the hydrological forecast is vital importance to the flood water resources optimal operation of the cascade reservoirs in the upper Yellow River such as Longyangxia and Liujiaxia, even to the prevention of flood and drought disasters of the entire Yellow River Basin. In this paper, the applicability of the Sacramento model, Luhun model and vertically-mixed runoff model were studied in the main generation regions of Maqu to Tangnaihai. The results show that the qualified rate of peak flow and secondary flood volume simulated by the three models is more than 85% and the certainty coefficient is more than 0.7. It shows that the three models can well simulate the flood process of the region. The three models cannot achieve satisfactory results for the simulation accuracy of all floods. Therefore, the multi-model integrated forecasting method should be adopted for flood operation forecast in the source area of the Yellow River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to scientifically predict the future sediment load of the Yellow River, support the Yellow River harnessing and development and major project construction and based on the analysis of the characteristics and causes of the variation of water and sediment in the near future, this paper used the hydrological method and the genetic analysis method to predict the future sediment amount of the Yellow River, at the same time, the large flow duration and the water volume which were beneficial to sediment transport were greatly reduced, the dynamics of flow and sediment transport were greatly weakened, and the relationship between water and sediment was still not coordinated. Without considering the sediment retention of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir, the downstream channel would still be silted up. It is considered that the main influencing factors of the recent sediment reduction are the massive construction of water conservancy and soil and water conservation measures and the reduction of rainfall intensity, which account for 80% and 20% respectively, taking into account the existing research results and the uncertainty of the forecast, it is suggested that the average annual sediment hydraulic engineering of the Yellow River in the future should be about 800 million tons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Science and technology innovation is an important support for the ecological protection and high-quality development strategy of the Yellow River Basin, and the Regional Science and Technology Innovation Center is an important carrier for realizing regional innovation. The paper took 67 prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin as the research objects, analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of science and technology innovation level in the Yellow River Basin by using entropy TOPSIS, kernel density, spatial autocorrelation and standard deviation ellipse, and proposed the enhancement path of science and technology innovation center in the Yellow River Basin. The result shows that temporally, the level of science and technology innovation development in the Yellow River Basin shows a gradual growth trend, from 0.084 in 2011 to 0.137 in 2020. Furthermore, the level of science and technology innovation in the basin as a whole shows a pattern of polarization, with the absolute difference gradually decreasing and the imbalance decreasing. Spatially, the level of science and technology innovation in the Yellow River Basin has significant spatial differentiation characteristics, with a "block-shaped" distribution pattern, and the overall level is still in the low and lower level areas, and the downstream area > midstream area > upper stream area. In addition, the level of science and technology innovation in the Yellow River Basin has significant spatial clustering characteristics, and the spatial clustering characteristics are gradually enhanced with the passage of time. The science and technology innovation centers in the Yellow River Basin need to improve the development level of regional innovation centers by focusing on the advantages of innovation center cities, accelerating industrial structure upgrading, promoting industrial integration and agglomeration development and promoting the spatial model of "multicore drive and point-axis extension" in central cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the key and difficult issues faced by the Yellow River Basin, such as water resources shortage, unbalanced economic development and fragile ecological environment, the research and development of the Yellow River Simulator has become the next important work goal of the protection and management of the Yellow River Basin in the new era. With reference to the expression of Yangtze River Simulator, this paper combined with the characteristics of the Yellow River Basin, proposed and interpreted the concept and cognition of Yellow River Simulator and planned the top-level design of the construction of the Yellow River Simulator. From three aspects of perception system, simulation system and service system, the construction framework of Yellow River Simulator was designed. On this basis, the development layout of Yellow River Simulator 1.0 to 4.0 was further proposed, and the construction blueprint for the next 50 or even 100 years was looked forward. The construction of the Yellow River Simulator can provide simulation and decision-making support for disaster prevention and control, resources supply, public management, cultural inheritance and other fields, to promote the systematic protection and governance of the Yellow River Basin, and promote the implementation of the major national strategy of ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem of lack of fairness in the allocation of water rights due to irregularities in the physical structure of irrigation systems and differences in the cropping structure, this paper proposed a method for allocating water rights to fields based on the "four rights" theory of water rights (ownership right, possession right, dominance right and use right), and divided field water rights into the right of water use and the right of possession water, representing the amount of water used in the field and the amount of leakage losses in the canal system respectively. The method of allocating field water rights was based on the structure of the irrigation system and marginal benefits, which could ensure that the same marginal benefits were obtained per unit area of field and better reflect the fairness of water rights allocation. Taking the Xinsandou Canal of Bayantaohai Farm in the Hetao irrigation area for an example, the water rights allocation method was applied to the improved field and the method had shown good applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stability of slope is very important to ensure the safety of long-distance water transfer project. In order to compare and study the slope stability of the fracture slope and the pore slope on both sides of the channel, this paper used Comsol multiphysics finite element numerical calculation software to establish a two-dimensional random fracture model of the channel slope by coupling the Darcy's law module and the solid mechanics module. The strength reduction method was used to simulate and compare the slope stability of two media models (fracture model and pore model) under two rainfall conditions (long and weak, short and strong) and under the condition of changing the initial groundwater level elevation. The results show that the plastic deformation degree of the fractured slope is greater than that of the porous slope and the slope instability is more likely to occur; under the same rainfall conditions, the lower the groundwater level is, the more stable the slope will be, regardless of the fracture model or the pore model; under the same groundwater level, the slope is more stable when the rainfall intensity is smaller; traction sliding may occur when the fracture model slope is unstable under high rainfall intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to understand the current situation of standardized management of rural water supply projects in Henan Province and improve the standardization level of rural water supply projects, this paper conducted a comprehensive evaluation on the standardized management level of rural water supply projects for thousand tons and tens thousands people in Henan Province. It built an evaluation index system for the standardized management level of rural water supply engineering from five criteria of facilities, management, water supply, water price, and operation, and used a combination of expert scoring method and entropy weight method for analysis and evaluation. The results show that the standardized management level of Puyang rural water supply project is “high”; Jiyuan, Pingdingshan, Zhengzhou, Zhoukou, Xinyang, Shangqiu, Luoyang, Kaifeng and Xuchang are “higher”; Hebi, Luohe, Nanyang, Zhumadian, Anyang and Xinxiang are “medium"; Jiaozuo and Sanmenxia are "general". Lower-level cities with a low level of standardized management in rural water supply projects should refer to the "Puyang Mode" to enhance their standardization management. The standardized management level of rural water supply projects in Henan Province is quite different, and the standardized management level of cities at various levels needs to be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to comprehensively understand the variation law of groundwater storage in the Yellow River Basin and rationally develop and utilize regional groundwater resources, based on GRACE satellite data and GLDAS data, this paper applied M-K trend analysis, correlation analysis and random forest algorithm to analyze the spatial-temporal variation characteristics and driving factors of groundwater storage in the Yellow River Basin from 2003 to 2021. The results show that; from 2003 to 2021, groundwater storage in the Yellow River Basin has an extremely significant decline trend, and the decrease of groundwater storage in the lower reaches is the largest (1.4 cm/a). The spatial distribution of annual average groundwater storage in the Yellow River Basin from 2003 to 2021 shows a gradual increase in the decrease of ground- water storage in the upper reaches to the lower reaches. Vegetation restoration is the main factor of groundwater storage change in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin from 2003 to 2021, while the decrease of groundwater storage in the lower reaches of the Yellow River Ba- sin may be related to the change of land use types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the utilization efficiency of water resources in Qinghai Province, based on the relevant statistical data of Qing-hai Province from 2003 to 2020, this paper built a water footprint model to evaluate the utilization level of water resources in Qinghai Province. It used Tapio decoupling model and LMDI model to analyze the decoupling status of water resources utilization and economic growth in Qinghai Province, and to explore the driving factors of water resources utilization in Qinghai Province. The results show that the total water footprint of Qinghai Province fluctuates from 2003 to 2020, and the agricultural water footprint is the main part of water resources utilization. The evaluation index of water resources utilization is at a high level and continued to improve. The water resources utilization is relatively safe, the water resources self-sufficiency rate is high, and the water footprint benefit is steadily improved. In general, water resources utilization and economic growth are weakly decoupled, while industrial water use and economic growth are strongly decoupled. The contribution rate of driving factors of water resources utilization is scale economy effect > industrial structure effect > technology effect > population effect, among which technology effect and industrial structure effect are negative effects, scale economy effect and population effect are positive effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a joint power generation operation of cascade reservoirs in the upper Yellow River was carried out with consideration of the requirement of increasing discharge from cascade reservoirs during flood season for deposition reduction in the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River. The influences of the increasing discharge during flood season to the power generation of Longyangxia and Liujiaxia cascade reservoirs were analyzed in the cases with and without the Heishanxia Reservoir respectively. In order to meet the operation require- ments of upstream and downstream reservoirs, the water level of upstream reservoirs should be adjusted according to the storage and operation requirements of downstream reservoirs in the calculation of cascade reservoirs operation. The results show that if the discharge from cascade reservoirs during flood season is increased only by the Longyangxia and Liujiaxia reservoirs, the contradiction between power generation and ice-run flood control operations will be aggravated, which can lead to an obvious reduction of the power generation of the two reservoirs during ice-run flood and non-flood season. Because of the reverse regulation of Heishanxia Reservoir, the joint operation of Longyangxia, Liujiaxia and Heishanxia cascade reservoirs can not only increase the discharge from the cascade reservoirs during flood season and meet the deposition reduction in the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reach, but also can alleviate the conflicts between power generation and ice-run flood control operation effectively, which can increase the power generation of Longyangxia and Liujiaxia reservoirs during ice-run flood season significantly, so as to improve the annual power generation of the two reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important part of ecological barrier of the Yellow River Basin and the "Water Tower of China", ecological management of the Yellow River Basin in Sichuan Province plays an important role. Based on the importance and particularity of ecological governance for the Yellow River Basin in Sichuan Province, this paper systematically analyzed the contradictions between ecological protection and economic development, ecological governance and capital investment, ecological governance and scientific and technological support, as well as the contradictions between departments and regions. Based on the experience of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, it is suggested that the ecological governance for the Yellow River Basin in Sichuan should be combined with cultural research, people's livelihood development, green industry development, the construction of ecological civilization system and the cultivation of ecological consciousness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xiaolangdi Reservoir has played a great role in flood control, sediment reduction and profit improvement. This paper systematically analyzed the flood control operation and the function of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir. By analyzing the sediment erosion and sedimentation of the reservoir and the Lower Yellow River, the effect of sediment reduction of the reservoir was proposed. The benefit of flood control and sediment reduction of the reservoir was calculated. The results show that the reservoirs in the middle reaches of the Yellow River can block the flood and cut the peak for 15 times. The average peak cutting rate of Huayuankou Station is 36%, and the maximum peak cutting flow is 7 560 m³/s, which can effectively avoid the flood losses in the downstream beach area. Due to the decrease of sediment load, the sedimentation rate of the reservoir is lower than that in the design stage, and the sediment retention ratio of 1.26 relative to the downstream channel is lower than that of 1.57 in the design sediment retention stage. The sediment reduction effect of the reservoir is better, especially in the reach below the Aishan. According to the 2020 price level, the actual annual benefits of flood control (ice-run prevention) and sediment reduction of the reservoir are 5.927 billion Yuan more than the design value, and the cumulative present value of benefits is 21.873 billion Yuan more than the total investment (including power generation), indicating the economic rationality of the construction of the Yellow River water and sediment regulation backbone project, which provides a successful example for accelerating the construction of Guxian project [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water rights trading between irrigation water users is one of the most common forms of water rights trading and the determination of transaction price is difficult. In practice, the price is mainly based on negotiation. Some regional governments have constrained the transaction price, but a reasonable pricing mechanism has not yet been formed. The price can reflect the scarcity of water resources and promote transaction is very important for improving the allocation of water resources in irrigation areas and improving the efficiency of irrigation water. Taking the typical region of Wulanbuhe irrigation area as the research object and using water affordability index analysis method to determine the economic affordability of irrigation water users' water prices and used this as a trading suggestion for the upper limit water price. Taking water resources price, engineering price and environmental price as the lower limit of water rights trading price and combined with current water price and practical management experience, the paper proposed trading suggestions for lower-limit water prices. The proposed water rights trading price range is 0.112-0.343 Yuan/m². [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the water-saving irrigation system under the continuous cropping mode of summer corn and winter wheat, aiming at the fact that the existing real-time irrigation forecast ignores the issue of multiple cropping and continuous cropping in actual production and considering the changes in soil moisture in the interval between the growth periods of the upper and lower seasons during the multiple cropping and continuous cropping, a real-time irrigation forecasting model for continuous cropping was established. Taking the continuous cropping of summer-maize and winter-wheat of Sanliuzhai Yellow River irrigation area in the period of 2014-2017 as an example, the paper conducted the application of the model. The results show that compared with the traditional irrigation system, the real-time irrigation system determined by this model has an average annual reduction of 20.4% in the irrigation quota, and the irrigation water consumption in the irrigation area is saved by 14.7 million m~3 per year. The total annual output of summer corn and winter wheat is increased by 2.4%, 2.2% and 0.8% respectively, and the water use efficiency is increased by 13.6%, 12.3% and 18.3% respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Load rejection is the normal design working point for pumped-storage unit. Vaneless zone experiences serious pressure pulsation in load rejection period, resulting deep impact on unit running stability. For a long time, the research on the vaneless zone pressure mainly focuses on numerical simulation and model observation. Less research attention has been paid on the prototype unit due to the scarcity of on-site test. This paper focused on the vaneless zone pressure measured at a pumped-storage power station during load rejection periods, established separation method between trend pressure and pulsation pressure based on Savitzky-Golay filter, clarified main influence factors on trend and pulsation pressures, and pointed out the urgent issues need to be solved in the future. The research indicates that in load rejection process the trend pressure of vaneless zone is mainly affected by rotational speed by the correlation factor 0.99 with rotational speed. The pulsation pressure peak-to-peak value which is affected by rotor-stator interference and rotational stall, etc, is 7-22 times of pressure pulsation in stable operation with rated load, and is remarkable higher than numerical calculation result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current “local” economic construction and development model with administrative districts as the unit often divides the regional ecosystem that emphasizes “integrity”. As a new governance scale for implementing the national regional coordination strategy, the metropolitan area has become an important governance unit for realizing cross-domain governance and promoting the co-protection and governance of the ecological environment. Taking Xi’an metropolitan area as an example, this paper analyzed the spatial-temporal differentiation characteristics and causes of the ecosystem service pattern in Xi’an metropolitan area from 2000 to 2020 by using the value evaluation method, and discussed the coordination between the ecosystem service value and economic development of each district and county. The results show that the overall pattern of ecosystem service value in Xi’an metropolitan area remains stable, which is higher in the northern Weibei tableland and Beishan region and the southern Qinling region, and lower in the central along the Weihe River ecological zone. During the past 20 years, the value of ecosystem services in Xi’an metropolitan area is decreased by 2.852 billion Yuan, and the changes of ESV in each district show an epitaxial increasing structure with Xi’an six districts as the core. The ecosystem services and economic development in Xi’an metropolitan area are incongruous, which can be subdivided into five categories of high level coordination, general level coordination, low level imbalance, moderate imbalance and severe imbalance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to summarize the application of grey forecasting method in water resources management, this paper firstly introduced the basic content of grey forecasting method, then focused on three aspects of water resources allocation, water pollution control and comprehensive water resources assessment, sorted out the application of grey forecasting method and analyzed the advantages, disadvantages and applicability of various improvement forms. The shortcomings of the existing research were summarized as follows: there are few studies on water quantity forecasting in relation to recycled water, external water transfer, desalinated water and the tertiary industry water use; water quality forecasting is mainly focused on chemical indicators, with few other indicators being covered; and the models used in water resources assessment are relatively homogeneous. Finally, from the perspectives of both model improvement and application direction expansion, the development prospects of grey forecasting method in water resources management are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to promote the conservation and intensive utilization of water resources in the Yellow River Basin, this paper built Tapio model and LMDI model, calculated the decoupling elasticity of total water consumption and economic growth during the period of 2000-2019, and decomposed the driving factors of the decoupling elasticity. The results show that a) the total water consumption and economic growth in the Yellow River Basin have experienced weak decoupling and strong decoupling alternately. b) The decoupling status of each province is different. Qinghai, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi and Shandong have two states of weak decoupling and strong decoupling. Sichuan has three states of weak decoupling, strong decoupling and expansion negative decoupling. Ningxia, Shanxi and Henan have four states of expansion negative decoupling, increase connection, weak decoupling and strong decoupling. c) The restraining factors of the decoupling between the total water consumption and economic growth in the Yellow River Basin and provinces are economic development and population size, and the promoting factors are water intensity and industrial structure. d) The contribution of industrial structure and water intensity to decoupling elasticity is quite different among the three industries, the contribution of industrial structure adjustment and water intensity decline to decoupling mainly comes from the primary industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional interpolation method can’t effectively obtain the high-precision interpolation results of curved channel when the sampling channel topographic cross-section is sparse. It is urgent to study an effective new method of curved channel topographic interpolation to quantitatively analyze the channel evolution and its law. In this paper, a channel terrain interpolation method (OCGI) based on orthogonal curve grid was proposed. This method firstly performed linear interpolation along the transverse direction, and then interpolated along the longitudinal grid line, which made up for the defect of insufficient spatial distribution of longitudinal sampling points. Considering the change of river regime, the interpolation range was controlled in the area of grid distribution. The application shows that this method can give more reasonable results than that of IDW and KG methods in cross-section sampling data, and can be applied to topographic interpolation of curved channels such as the tail of the Yellow River estuary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, dozens of empirical frequency formulas have been developed by various countries since the beginning of last century. However, the differences of these empirical frequency formulas directly affect the subsequent analysis, calculation and determination of parameters which have significant impacts on the estimation of design flood. In this paper, by comparing various empirical frequency formulas, analyzing the relative deviation of the empirical frequency formulas, and preliminary verifying the differences of empirical frequency formulas with the measured storm floods series, the conclusion shows that the relative error of the maximum flood recurrence period is the largest, and the relative error of flood recurrence period that less than 20 years is smaller. In order to minimize the theoretical errors of the empirical frequency formulas in the estimation of design flood, and minimize data errors caused by extra-large and extra-small value in short flood series, simple and unbiased empirical frequency formula should be adopted in practice. With regard to relative long flood series, the median formula or mathematical expectation formula are recommended for frequency or recurrence period estimation, and the first order (the second order) and the last order of the frequency or recurrence period are recommended as reference values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sand waves widely exist in natural river channels and they play an important role in the change of river bed morphology. In this paper, by using a plexiglass rod in a glass water tank to simulate the effects of rigid emergent plants on various movement patterns of sand waves, and introducing the MIKE21 hydrodynamic numerical model, we observed the sand waves in the glass water tank from both macro and micro perspectives. Wavelength, wave width, wave height, wave length-to-width ratio, and front-to-back stream wavelength ratio were affected by plants in water. The mechanism of group movement of river sediment was explored, which provided some reference for natural river sediment management. The test results show that under the influence of the emerging plants to the changes of the flow regime, the wavelength, wave width and wave height of the sand waves change significantly. Especially under the influence of the plant flow, the speed of the sediment particles on the sides of the plants increases, showing a scouring situation, the movement pattern of sand waves also follows a complex movement pattern and there are significant differences in the shape of sand waves upstream and behind tree planting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BIM (Building Information Modelling) technology helps design firms to improve design pattern, product value and market competitiveness. However, it has not been used in most design firm. In order to offer the guidance for latecomer firms during the transformation of design pattern, this paper divided the period of BIM application into Entrance Period, Expanding Period and Popularized Period based on paper and technology, value and cooperation factors, then coming up with design pattern evolving path based on BIM technology during each period. In the end, discussing and verifying the specific process of design pattern evolving by the case of Hohhot Rail Transit Project. To conclude, the evolving path has overturned the traditional design pattern to some extent and extended to the whole hydropower design firm. It has promoted the digitization and informatization of the design firm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to realize the unified allocation of mine water into water resources, starting from the spatial utilization pattern of mine water, on the basis of clarifying the classification of mine water utilization and considering the requirements of two-way coordination between supply and demand, this paper analyzed and proposed the index factors of mine water classified utilization. It constructed the classification index system and evaluation model of coal mine water safe utilization mode by using self-organizing feature mapping network ( SOM) method. Taking a typical coal mine in Ningdong coal base as an example, this paper evaluated the classification of mine water development and utilization pattern. The results show that the evaluation index system of utilization pattern classification constructed can effectively identify the key items of main categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]