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This paper examines how Australian residential load profiles may evolve in the short to medium term future. These profiles can be used to support simulation studies of the future Australian network within an environment that is transitioning to renewable energy and broader use of electricity as a tool for decarbonisation. The daily profiles rely heavily on the Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO) forecasts for future annual energy usage. The period from 2024 to 2050 will be transformational. In the residential networks, two secular trends are particularly important in expanding residential generation and electrification. New daily load profiles have been constructed using historical Australian profiles and adding additional components for solar generation, battery operation and electrification activities. The entire aggregated residential network is expected to have reverse midday power flow on any average day from 2024 onwards due to the rapid increase in electric vehicle (EV) usage. The domestic energy demand forecasting methodology presented in this work related to Australia can easily be adopted to carry out similar forecasting for any country of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advancements of the battery energy storage systems (BESSs), reduction of their manufacturing costs and government subsidies, the BESS uptake is likely to increase rapidly in power distribution networks. This paper investigates the effects of residential BESSs on low-voltage (LV) networks using the actual household load profiles equipped with BESS and solar-photovoltaic (PV) systems. The electricity consumption data collected via smart meters (2200 households with PV/BESS, 1950 households with PV only and 1000 households without a PV or a BESS) at different solar-PV penetration levels and network types are used to simulate real network operating scenarios. A real LV distribution network in Australia is analysed in DIgSILENT PowerFactory under different scenarios, such as, customers with and without a solar-PV/BESS, with a solar-PV but without a BESS, and without a solar-PV, by using both the power flow and quasi-dynamic simulation studies under balanced and the unbalanced network loading conditions. According to the study, customers experience large voltage excursions from solar-PV power exports, which could be resolved by the household BESS, provided that the BESS charging is coordinated with the solar-PV production. Moreover, quasi-dynamic simulation shows that the BESS could reduce the violation of the over-voltage limit during the solar peak hours (midday) by lowering the worst-case feeder voltage by 3%. Finally, extreme-event (high solar PV generation scenario) simulation shows that the implementation of the BESS controller to facilitate charging BESS during afternoon solar-PV export may reduce the negative grid impact and will assist to avoid network upgrades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The residential building sector & transportation sector has received significant attention in recent years due to carbon emissions affecting the livelihoods of humans. Electric vehicles (EVs) are poised to play a vital role in reducing dependency on non-renewable fuels and the transportation sector's environmental implications. Building integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV), on the other hand, will be able to cut down the energy requirements and contribute to building sustainability. This paper evaluates the energy, economic, and environmental performances of BIPV with EV charging system systems for a building in Canberra, Australia. BIPV with EV charging can assist in fulfilling building energy needs, charging electric vehicles, and reducing grid reliance. Different load scenarios were studied to optimize system size. Different panel layouts with orientation have been studied for the 5.0kWp BIPV system, each module rating 355kWp. The annual energy output of the BIPV system was found to vary between 8.56 MWh for layout one and 7.08MWh for layout 3. It was found that the payback back of the proposed BIPV system is 4.46 years, LCOE of 0.074AUD/kWh and EV charging cost of 0.95AUD/100 km. The BIPV with EV charging system could save approximately 160,198 kgCO 2 e in GHG emissions over its lifespan. • The estimated annual energy for the BIPV system with Layout 1 is 8.56MWh. • The energy supplied to the grid was found to be positive in the BIPV system. • The performance ratio of the proposed layouts for the BIPV system is 81.7 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper presents a review on the state-of-the-art electric vehicle charging technologies i.e., fast, super-fast, and ultra-super-fast charging stations that are under development. These have the potential to cause power quality issues such as charging transients, rapid voltage fluctuations, and harmonics in the power grids. • EVs can participate as mobile storage to provide vehicle-to-grid (V2G) support and ancillary services. There are still some barriers to the wide implementation of V2G systems. This paper has highlighted these issues and their impacts to power grids. • This paper investigates the impacts of random and fluctuating EV fast-charging loads on the electric power grids, mainly considering the random connection of EVs to the power grids through DC fast-charging stations as the principal source of fluctuating EV loads. • The charging stations are modeled for three different commercial DC fast charger connections (CHAdeMO, SAE CCS, and Chargepoint Express 20), with separate CC-CV charging modes of the DC fast chargers incorporated. To quantify the impacts, case studies are conducted on the simulation platform for two different scenarios. • The impact on the electric power grid is evaluated in terms of voltage drops, maximum power demand, current, and voltage total harmonic distortion (THD) experienced by the corresponding transformer connected to the charging stations. • The results have revealed that random and fluctuating EV fast-charging loads pose much more intense impacts on the power systems than the normal EV slow charging loads. The era of the electrified transportation system is fast approaching. Although the socioeconomic and environmental benefits of electric vehicles (EVs) have contributed to their large-scale utilization, it has also created a huge load demand on the existing power grids throughout the world. Moreover, fast, super-fast, and ultra-super-fast charging stations are under development, some of which are now in the markets. These have the potential to cause power quality issues such as charging transients, rapid voltage fluctuations, and harmonics in the power grids. Moreover, EVs can participate as mobile storage to provide vehicle-to-grid (V2G) support and ancillary services. There are still some barriers to the wide implementation of V2G systems. This paper addresses these issues and provides a review of the state-of-the-art EV technologies and their impacts on power grids. This paper also investigates the impacts of random and fluctuating EV fast-charging loads on the electric power grids, mainly considering the random connection of EVs to the power grids through DC fast-charging stations as the principal source of fluctuating EV loads. A practical electrical grid of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia has been considered in this work to separately analyze the impacts of constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) charging modes upon the grid. Furthermore, design and modeling of three different commercial DC fast charger connections (CHAdeMO, SAE CCS, and ChargePoint Express 200), with separate CC-CV charging modes of the DC fast chargers have been incorporated. To quantify the impacts, two separate scenarios were examined using a simulation platform, with case studies conducted to determine the impacts on the power grid. The first scenario involved three fast charging stations, while the second scenario featured ten stations that were able to charge six and twenty electric vehicles respectively, with various load combinations considered. Each of these scenarios was analyzed under different conditions to evaluate their impact on the grid, using factors such as voltage drops, maximum power demand, current, and voltage total harmonic distortion (THD) for the transformer that was connected to the charging stations. The study results indicated that the power systems were affected more significantly by random and fluctuating EV fast-charging loads, compared to normal EV slow-charging loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]