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This paper examines and documents the various types of jussive constructions occurring in Ojibwe, an endangered Algonquian language of North America. A jussive is a type of mediated command that tasks a second person interlocutor, real or imagined, to allow or ensure the fulfillment or realization of some event, condition, or state of being. This command has the force of the English let it rain or let me in. Rather than employing verbs instantiating permission, such as 'let' or 'may' in English, the principle jussive construction in Ojibwe is instantiated by verbs inflected for future (e.g., ga∼da) but without future meaning. This paper ultimately reveals that the use of the Ojibwe simple future as instantiating imperatives (an attested developmental pathway for some futures) facilitated the development of the principle jussive construction in Ojibwe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Our Hidden Landscapes: Indigenous Stone Ceremonial Sites in Eastern North America" is a collection of papers edited by Lucianne Lavin and Elaine Thomas that explores the spiritual and cultural significance of stacked stone features in Native American cultures. The book presents a variety of perspectives, including those of Native authors, archaeologists, and amateur archaeologists. The authors argue that these stone features, found throughout North America, are of Native origin and should be recognized and preserved. The book provides detailed descriptions, photographs, and historical accounts of these ceremonial stone landscapes, offering valuable insights into their use and significance. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents an examination into the scientific paper published in 1676 regarding anthropogenic climate change. Details are given introducing the anonymously written letter, published by Henry Oldenburg in the "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London." The paper's description of contrasting cases of climate change in colonial America and Ireland, outlining and disputing theories of deforestation and cultivation as their cause, is addressed. Discussion is then provided noting the implications of such a debate over the human causes climate change.

This paper describes various changes which took place in the prehistory of Blackfoot as it developed from Proto-Algonquian. The topics include the formation of noninitial verb stems, verb stems with initial change, the outcome of Proto-Algonquian long vowels, other sound changes, and the body-part prefix mo-. The proposals in this paper are supported by many new etymologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to clarify the difference between two markers of future time reference in the Cree language. The preverbal particles ta- (∼ ka-) and wî- have both generally been treated as future tense markers. While future tense is found to be sufficient characterization for ta-, wî- requires further consideration, resulting in the conclusion that, rather than simple tense, it marks prospective aspect. The characterization of wi in this way ties together a number of alternate interpretations as secondary semantic and/or pragmatic offshoots of the basic category of the prospective. Though data are presented in the Plains Cree dialect, native-speaker judgments confirm the arguments for all the major western dialects, Plains, Woods, and Swampy Cree, as spoken in Saskatchewan and Manitoba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the North American sea urchin fishery, with a particular focus on the Japanese wholesale market. After a brief history and discussion of biology, methods of harvesting are discussed, followed by an overview of processing, handling, and transportation links. An econometric model of price determination in the Tokyo Central Wholesale Market is developed and estimated. The model reveals important mechanisms governing prices of imported product; in particular, the interconnections between the domestic and imported markets, the role of household income variation, and the importance of quality, which varies within the season but out of phase in each of the two major supply regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The appropriation of Western visual media technology by indigenous peoples around the world, particularly in Australia, North America, and the Amazon Basin, has drawn the attention of anthropologists impressed with how such people have utilized visual self-representation as a mode of empowerment, political assertion, and cultural revival in the face of Western cultural and economic imperialism. In this paper I maintain, however that there are different relationships between signs, concepts, and sociality in different cultures and that visual media have embedded within them their own Western ontology of these semiotic relations. Anthropologists have by and large not sufficiently problematized their own participation in this modern ontology of representation, and they assume that it is the same framework as that operating in the representational practices of the indigenous peoples on which they focus their attention. I situate a critique of Western visual representation within the progress of marxist theory in the 20th century. I go on to suggest that a dialectical approach to this phenomenon preserves the anthropological perspective on non-Western ritual, art, and representation that was bequeathed to us by Victor Turner and is still an essential component of the "anthropological lens." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author discusses his original argument in his findings of the article "The Caribou/Wild Reindeer as a Human Resource" in light of more up-to-date data on the trends of caribou/wild reindeer herd following by humans. The author argued that the people in northern Eurasia and northern North America could not follow caribou/wild reindeer herds because they could not keep up with them. After observing a Chipewyan group hunt the animals, the author changed his original views. However, his colleagues defended his 1972 article. The author concluded the paper by accepting the evidence of other researchers which showed his initial conclusions in 1972 to be wrong.

The widely accepted view that eastern North America was a separate center of plant domestication bas resulted in an increasingly isolationist perspective on the region's culture history and a neglect of research on the diffusion into it of tropical cultigens. New data on archaeobotanical macromorphologies, the chemical and chromosomal composition of arcbaeobotanical specimens, and the geographical distribution of archaeobotanical remains challenge old paradigms. In particular, the diffusion of tropical cultigens across the Caribbean must now be seriously considered. This paper reports on current research suggesting alternatives to existing paradigms in relation to four plants (maize, tobacco, beans, and chenopods) and stresses prehistoric eastern North America's relationship to, instead of isolation from, Mesoamerica and South America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article comments on the paper "Cultigens in prehistoric Eastern North America: Changing paradigms," by Thomas J. Riley, Richard Edging and Jack Rossen in a 1990 issue of "Current Anthropology." It is pointed out that carbon-14 and thermoluminescence dates suggest that the initial Neolithic migrants must have entered the West Indies by 500 BC.

The article presents the author's comments on the research paper "Environmental Imperatives Reconsidered," by Terry L. Jones and his colleagues. The author views that the paper lacks convincing demonstration of how climatic change affected the cultural growth of human population of four different studied region. He views that Jones and colleagues were correct to mention that economic factors depending on local factors influence population dynamic up to some extent.

The article presents the author's views on the research paper "Environmental Imperatives Reconsidered," by Terry L. Jones and associates, which is published within the issue. He criticizes the overstated significance given to environmental flux as a factor responsible for the extinction of the late prehistoric population in western North America. He argues that there is a lack of convincing demonstration in the paper to support the vigorous effect of climatic anomalies on human system.

Presents a bibliography of works dealing with natural history printed at New Harmony, Indiana by William Maclure. American ichthyology or natural history of the fishes of North America, by C.A. Lesueur; Description of some new terrestrial and fluviatile shells of North America by Thomas Say; American conchology by Thomas Say.