1,630 results
Search Results
2. Identity, Prevalence, and Pathogenicity of Entomopathogenic Fungi Infecting Invasive Polistes (Vespidae: Polistinae) Paper Wasps in New Zealand.
- Author
-
Reason, Aiden, Bulgarella, Mariana, and Lester, Philip J.
- Subjects
- *
ENTOMOPATHOGENIC fungi , *BIOLOGICAL weed control , *VESPIDAE , *WASPS , *BIOLOGICAL pest control agents , *INSECT societies - Abstract
Simple Summary: The Asian paper wasp Polistes chinensis is an invasive species in New Zealand and South-East Australia. This species threatens native invertebrate communities through predation and potentially competition for resources. During an ecological field study of P. chinensis in New Zealand, we discovered wasps that were infected with and were being killed by two species of pathogenic fungi. In the interest of investigating these fungi as potential biological control agents, our aim in this study was to identify the two fungal species using morphological and molecular methods, determine their natural prevalence in the studied paper wasp population, and test their infective potential to hosts in a controlled environment. We successfully identified the fungi species as Beauveria malawiensis, a generalist insect pathogen, and Ophiocordyceps humbertii, a specialist of social wasps. These are the first records of these species infecting paper wasps in New Zealand. We estimate that they produce infections in approximately 3.3% of wild P. chinensis colonies in our study site. In our infection assays, we passively exposed healthy wasp colonies to asexual fungal spores, which resulted in successful infections of B. malawiensis, and significantly increased wasp mortality rates. Two species of entomogenous fungi were discovered infecting the invasive paper wasp Polistes chinensis during an ecological study on Farewell Spit, New Zealand. We sequenced two nuclear ribosomal RDNA genes, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the small ribosomal subunit 18S, and one protein-coding gene, the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (ef1 α). Combining sequence information with morphological examination, we identified these species as Beauveria malawiensis and Ophiocordyceps humbertii. We estimated that these fungi produce infection in approximately 3.3% of colonies in our study population. In bioassays, we successfully infected P. chinensis individuals from healthy colonies with B. malawiensis, with significant effects on adult mortality. This is the first record of both B. malawiensis and O. humbertii from Polistine hosts in New Zealand, and the first investigation into disease causality by these pathogens in P. chinensis. Our findings may contribute to the future development of biological control agents for paper wasps in New Zealand and elsewhere around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Fe-zeolite catalyst for ozonation of pulp and paper wastewater for sustainable water resources.
- Author
-
Munir, Hafiz Muhammad Shahzad, Feroze, Nadeem, Ramzan, Naveed, Sagir, Muhammad, Babar, Muhammad, Tahir, Muhammad Suleman, Shamshad, Jaweria, Mubashir, Muhammad, and Khoo, Kuan Shiong
- Subjects
- *
COLOR removal (Sewage purification) , *PAPER pulp , *WATER supply , *OZONIZATION , *SEWAGE , *CHEMICAL oxygen demand - Abstract
The pulp and paper industry consumes enormous quality of freshwater, leading to wastewater. It must be treated to remove pollutants, particularly residual dyestuffs, before releasing them to water bodies to avoid adverse environmental effects. The traditional wastewater treatment methods used for the pulp and paper industry are less efficient in colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. The current study is aimed at developing a novel catalyst for the catalytic ozonation of pulp and paper wastewater with better colour and COD removal for sustainable resources of clean water. The proposed catalyst is impregnated by iron on natural zeolites. Various parameters such as catalyst dose, pH, ozone dose, initial COD concentration, and reaction time are studied and optimized. The performance was evaluated by comparing the results with the single ozonation process (SOP) and catalytic ozonation process (COP). The highest COD and colour reduction efficiencies have been achieved, i.e., 71%, and 88% at a natural pH of 6.8. The proposed process achieved higher COD and colour efficiencies than the single ozonation process and catalytic ozonation process using raw zeolites. The improvement in efficiencies are 23% and 29% for SOP and 17% and 19% for COP, respectively. Hence, the results proposed the sustainability and applicability of COP to treat paper and pulp sector effluent. [Display omitted] • A novel Fe-zeolite catalyst was developed for catalytic ozonation process. • Performance of single ozonation process and catalytic ozonation process was evaluated. • Under optimized condition the catalyst remains efficient even after 5 cycles. • 71% of COD were eliminated using Fe/NZ as catalyst in catalytic ozonation process. • The optimum ozone dose for COD and color removal was 0.3 mg/ml of wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Differences in learning retention and experience of augmented reality notes compared to traditional paper notes in a chiropractic technique course: A randomized trial.
- Author
-
Cade, Alice E., Stevens, Kirk, Lee, Alan, and Baptista, Lisa
- Subjects
MEMORY ,AUGMENTED reality ,CHIROPRACTIC education ,MANN Whitney U Test ,LEARNING strategies ,EXPERIENCE ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,T-test (Statistics) ,STUDENTS ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,TEACHING aids ,QUALITY assurance ,DATA analysis software ,ALTERNATIVE education ,EDUCATIONAL outcomes - Abstract
To investigate if a written guide or augmented reality (AR) guide improves free recall of diversified chiropractic adjusting technique and to capture participants' impressions of the study in a poststudy questionnaire. Thirty-eight chiropractic students were evaluated for diversified listing (a nomenclature denoting vertebral malposition and correction) recall, pre-AR and post-AR, or written guide review. The vertebral segments used were C7 and T6. Two randomized groups reviewed an original course written guide (n = 18) or a new AR guide (n = 20). A Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney (C7) and t test (T6) compared group differences in reevaluation scores. A poststudy questionnaire was given to capture participants' impressions of the study. Both groups showed no significant differences in free recall scores after reviewing the guides for C7 or T6. The poststudy questionnaire suggested a number of strategies could be used to improve current teaching material such as more detail in the written guides and organizing content into smaller blocks. Use of an AR or written guide does not seem to change participants' free recall ability when used to review diversified technique listings. The poststudy questionnaire was useful to identify strategies to improve currently used teaching material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Infant feeding experiences among Indigenous communities in Canada, the United States, Australia, and Aotearoa: a scoping review of the qualitative literature.
- Author
-
Monteith, Hiliary, Checholik, Carly, Galloway, Tracey, Sahak, Hosna, Shawanda, Amy, Liu, Christina, and Hanley, Anthony J. G.
- Subjects
INFANTS ,MILK substitutes ,FAMILY roles ,GREY literature ,FAMILY traditions ,ANKYLOGLOSSIA - Abstract
Background: Although exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first six months of life, research suggests that breastfeeding initiation rates and duration among Indigenous communities differ from this recommendation. Qualitative studies point to a variety of factors influencing infant feeding decisions; however, there has been no collective review of this literature published to date. Therefore, the objective of this scoping review was to identify and summarize the qualitative literature regarding Indigenous infant feeding experiences within Canada, the United States, Australia, and Aotearoa. Methods: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses- Scoping Reviews and the Joanna Briggs Institute Guidelines, in October 2020, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus were searched for relevant papers focusing on Indigenous infant feeding experiences. Screening and full-text review was completed by two independent reviewers. A grey literature search was also conducted using country-specific Google searches and targeted website searching. The protocol is registered with the Open Science Framework and published in BMJ Open. Results: Forty-six papers from the five databases and grey literature searches were included in the final review and extraction. There were 18 papers from Canada, 11 papers in the US, 9 studies in Australia and 8 studies conducted in Aotearoa. We identified the following themes describing infant feeding experiences through qualitative analysis: colonization, culture and traditionality, social perceptions, family, professional influences, environment, cultural safety, survivance, establishing breastfeeding, autonomy, infant feeding knowledge, and milk substitutes, with family and culture having the most influence on infant feeding experiences based on frequency of themes. Conclusions: This review highlights key influencers of Indigenous caregivers' infant feeding experiences, which are often situated within complex social and environmental contexts with the role of family and culture as essential in supporting caregivers. There is a need for long-term follow-up studies that partner with communities to support sustainable policy and program changes that support infant and maternal health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Risk and protective factors for self-harm and suicide behaviours among serving and ex-serving personnel of the UK Armed Forces, Canadian Armed Forces, Australian Defence Force and New Zealand Defence Force: A systematic review.
- Author
-
Williamson, Charlotte, Croak, Bethany, Simms, Amos, Fear, Nicola T., Sharp, Marie-Louise, and Stevelink, Sharon A. M.
- Subjects
PROTECTIVE factors ,ARMED Forces ,CANADIAN military ,SUICIDE ,ONLINE databases ,EMPLOYMENT tenure ,CHILDREN of military personnel - Abstract
Background: Self-harm and suicide behaviours are a major public health concern. Several factors are associated with these behaviours among military communities. Identifying these factors may have important implications for policy and clinical services. The aim of this review was to identify the risk and protective factors associated with self-harm and suicide behaviours among serving and ex-serving personnel of the United Kingdom Armed Forces, Canadian Armed Forces, Australian Defence Force and New Zealand Defence Force. Methods: A systematic search of seven online databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Global Health, PsycINFO, PTSDpubs and CINAHL) was conducted alongside cross-referencing, in October 2022. Following an a priori PROSPERO approved protocol (CRD42022348867), papers were independently screened and assessed for quality. Data were synthesised using a narrative approach. Results: Overall, 28 papers were included: 13 from Canada, 10 from the United Kingdom, five from Australia and none from New Zealand. Identified risk factors included being single/ex-relationship, early service leavers, shorter length of service (but not necessarily early service leavers), junior ranks, exposure to deployment-related traumatic events, physical and mental health diagnoses, and experience of childhood adversity. Protective factors included being married/in a relationship, higher educational attainment, employment, senior ranks, and higher levels of perceived social support. Conclusion: Adequate care and support are a necessity for the military community. Prevention and intervention strategies for self-harm and suicide behaviours may be introduced early and may promote social networks as a key source of support. This review found a paucity of peer-reviewed research within some populations. More peer-reviewed research is needed, particularly among these populations where current work is limited, and regarding modifiable risk and protective factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Problematizing Child Maltreatment: Learning from New Zealand's Policies.
- Author
-
Nazari, Hamed, Oleson, James C., and De Haan, Irene
- Subjects
CHILD abuse ,CHILD welfare ,SOCIAL control ,SOCIAL classes ,WELL-being ,CONTENT analysis - Abstract
Since all policies address problems, they necessarily include implicit or explicit constructions of these problems. This paper explores how child maltreatment has been constructed in New Zealand's child protection policies. It questions the underlying assumptions of this problem construction and seeks to shed light on what has been omitted. Utilizing a qualitative content analysis of eight key policy documents, this study reveals the construction of child maltreatment has been dominated primarily by a child-centric, risk-focused approach. This approach assigns blame and shifts responsibilities onto parents and families. In addition, the vulnerability discourse and social investment approach underpinning this perspective have allowed important structural factors, such as poverty and inequality, to remain unaddressed. This paper also highlights the one-dimensional focus on the lower social class to control future liabilities. We suggest that the harm inflicted by corporations on children's well-being is another form of child exploitation currently omitted from the problem construction. We suggest that child abuse should be defined and understood in policy as harm to children's well-being and argue that the state should prevent and mitigate harm by addressing structural forces of the problem as well as protecting children against corporate harms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. New Zealand native frogs: a special tribute to honour Phil Bishop (1957-2021) for his dedication and contribution to frog research and conservation.
- Author
-
Germano, Jennifer M., Bishop, Debbie, Cisternas, Javiera, Egeter, Bastian, Hotham, Emily, and Bell, Ben D.
- Subjects
FROGS ,BATRACHOCHYTRIUM dendrobatidis ,BIOLOGICAL extinction - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Gender, careers, and kids: a qualitative study of the partners of international employees.
- Author
-
Du Plessis, Rosemary and Vidwans, Mohini
- Subjects
GENDER inequality ,EMPLOYMENT in foreign countries - Abstract
This paper examines the relocation experiences of sixteen women and men who moved with their children to Aotearoa New Zealand when their partners took up career positions in that country. It analyses the relative weight they gave to their careers and their relationships with their partners as they responded to the challenges posed by these transitions. Attention to the interests of children is also identified as significant in their career decisions. Interviews with similar numbers of women and men whose partners were globally mobile employees enables analysis of the diverse ways in which gender shapes career pathways during a period of transition. The findings contribute to a complex analysis of the situation of those previously referred as a 'trailing' or 'accompanying' spouse when a dual career couple engages in international relocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Reflections on the co-design process of a holistic assessment tool for a Kaupapa Māori antenatal wānanga (workshop).
- Author
-
Barrett, Nikki M., Burrows, Lisette, Atatoa-Carr, Polly, and Smith, Linda T.
- Subjects
INDIGENOUS peoples ,PREGNANT women - Abstract
Co-designed health initiatives are gaining popularity in Aotearoa (New Zealand). However, emerging research identifies potential pitfalls for Indigenous populations, particularly Māori (Indigenous Peoples of Aotearoa), when Kaupapa Māori principles are ignored. Using the Indigenous He Pikinga Waiora Implementation (HPW) framework as a guide, this paper provides an autoethnographic reflective account of the co-design process that led to the development and implementation of the Whirihia holistic assessment tool for the Kaupapa Māori antenatal wānanga (workshop) Whirihia Te Korowai Aroha. The co-design process resulted in a culturally appropriate and responsive holistic assessment tool that provided a quality health needs assessment pathway for māmā hapū (pregnant women) and their whānau (family). This reflective account provides examples of key considerations that align to the HPW framework in the hope that it will afford some guidance for fellow emerging researchers who wish to undertake ethical co-designed health research with Māori (and non-Māori) communities and organisations. Glossary of Māori words: Aotearoa: New Zealand; hapū: sub-tribes; hapūtanga: pregnancy; hui: meeting; ipu: clay pot; iwi: tribe; Kaupapa Māori: Māori ideology incorporating the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values of Māori society; māmā: mothers; māmā hapū: pregnant women; Māori: Indigenous people of Aotearoa; Pākehā: non-Māori (most often New Zealand European); pēpi: infant; pono: true, valid, honest, genuine; pōwhiri: welcome ceremony; te ao Māori: Māori world view; te reo Māori: Māori language; tika: correct, accurate, appropriate; tikanga: values and beliefs; wahakura: woven flax basket that can be used in the parental bed; waiata: song; wānanga: workshop; whakawhānau: birth; whakawhanaungatanga: relationship/connections; whānau family; whenua: afterbirth; land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. 'The way to end housing problems': tenant protest in New Zealand in the 1970s.
- Author
-
Chisholm, Elinor
- Subjects
SOCIAL movements ,TENANTS ,SOLIDARITY ,HOMEOWNERS ,POLITICAL parties - Abstract
Private renters in New Zealand during the 1970s paid high rents relative to their incomes and endured poor quality and insecure housing. Protest groups formed across the country in order to protect and promote tenant interests; a rare occurrence in New Zealand's history. The groups supported tenants through direct action and legal advice and lobbied for policy change. This paper draws on the archives of tenant groups to investigate why these groups arose at this time, what they achieved, and what challenges they experienced. The groups assisted many tenants, contributed to clarifying tenancy law, and, in some cases, evolved into service providers. However, they were challenged by the systemic policy bias toward homeownership and ultimately failed to create a more equitable housing system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. A Māori data governance assessment of the NZ COVID Tracer app.
- Author
-
Sterling, Rogena, Kukutai, Tahu, Chambers, Tim, and Chen, Andrew Tzer-Yeu
- Subjects
MAORI (New Zealand people) ,COVID-19 pandemic ,COVID-19 ,CONTACT tracing ,INDIGENOUS peoples - Abstract
Purpose: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the NZ COVID Tracer App (NZCTA) was released as a digital intervention to support contact tracing processes in Aotearoa New Zealand. This paper examines whether NZCTA met the data governance requirements of the Indigenous Māori people. Māori are an interesting case study as they have unique Treaty and data sovereignty rights, and a higher risk of COVID-related mortality. Methods: The NZCTA was assessed against 24 criteria drawn from the Māori Data Governance Model. The assessment drew on documentary sources and the authors' knowledge of NZCTA and contact tracing process. Each criteria was assessed as 'met', 'partially met' or 'not met'. Results: Our retrospective assessment showed a mixed performance against the Māori Data Governance Model, with NZCTA only fulfilling seven of the 24 model criteria and failing to meet nine. Conclusion: There is significant room for improvement in future digital health interventions for Māori. Much work remains to be done in the Aotearoa public sector to uphold Māori data sovereignty and address systemic barriers to genuine partnership with Māori. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Comparative Analysis of Indoor Air Quality and Thermal Comfort Standards in School Buildings across New Zealand with Other OECD Countries.
- Author
-
Arya, Vineet Kumar, Rasheed, Eziaku Onyeizu, Samarasinghe, Don Amila Sajeevan, and Wilkinson, Suzanne
- Subjects
INDOOR air quality ,THERMAL comfort ,AIR analysis ,ENGINEERING standards ,COGNITIVE ability ,SCHOOL buildings - Abstract
COVID-19 has improved awareness of the importance of appropriate indoor air quality (IAQ) in indoor spaces, particularly in classrooms where children are expected to learn. Research has shown that poor IAQ and temperature levels affect the cognitive performance of children. In this paper, we critically compare IAQ standards for New Zealand's Designing Quality Learning Spaces (DQLS Document) against international benchmarks from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, including ASHRAE 62.1, CIBSE TM57, EN-15251, WHO AQGs, and Building Bulletins 99 and 101. The aim was to ascertain the robustness of New Zealand's DQLS document, identify areas of superiority, and recommend the required improvement for appropriate IAQ and thermal comfort in classrooms. This comparison review focuses on IAQ parameters: CO
2 levels, temperature, ventilation rates, room size, occupant density, and occupancy rates. The findings illuminate a slight lag in New Zealand's DQLS standards compared to her international counterparts. For instance, while New Zealand's standards align closely with WHO standards for IAQ concerning temperature and ventilation rates, the recommended CO2 range appears slightly inadequate (800 to 2000 ppm) along with occupancy and classroom size for effectively controlling classroom pollutant growth. This paper emphasises the need to align New Zealand's IAQ and thermal comfort standards with optimal OECD benchmarks. The identified disparities present opportunities for improving learning spaces in terms of CO2 concentration, size of classroom, and occupant density in schools in New Zealand to meet globally recognised standards, ultimately creating a healthier and more conducive learning environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Understanding Indigenous Knowledge in Contemporary Consumption: A Framework for Indigenous Market Research Knowledge, Philosophy, and Practice from Aotearoa.
- Author
-
Love, Tyron Rakeiora and Hall, C. Michael
- Subjects
INDIGENOUS peoples ,MAORI (New Zealand people) ,MARKETING research ,INDIGENOUS rights ,SOCIAL status ,CONSUMER expertise ,MARKETING ,WORLDVIEW ,TRADITIONAL knowledge - Abstract
Despite increased attention being given to Indigenous rights, decolonization, and reconciliation in a broader business setting, the engagement of business, marketing, and consumer studies with Indigenous cultures and peoples is negligible. Although Indigenous and First Nations peoples have a significant position in the social sciences, there is no specific body of marketing or consumer knowledge that is dedicated to Indigenous knowledge and practices, even though there is a growing interest in more inclusive and transformative marketing. This paper reports on current research on Indigenous worldviews and marketing, with a continuum of Indigenous research being presented which is particularly informed by Māori experiences in Aotearoa New Zealand. Several appropriate research methods for advancing Indigenous knowledge are presented. The paper concludes by noting the potential contributions that Indigenous knowledge may provide and some of the challenges faced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Using Digital Technologies to Build Connections between Families and Schools as Children Transition to School.
- Author
-
Woodhouse, Hazel, Passey, Don, and Anderson, John
- Subjects
PRESCHOOL children ,DIGITAL technology ,PRESCHOOLS ,TEACHERS ,PARENT-child relationships ,CHIEF information officers ,SCHOOL children ,EDUCATIONAL leadership - Abstract
This paper reports research that investigated how digital technologies were used to develop and maintain home–school connections and develop positive relationships when children transition to nursery schools and schools. School case studies, comprising four purposively selected schools with nursery provision in Northern Ireland and four primary schools in New Zealand, provided the context and evidence to enable a small-scale comparative study of how digital technologies enabled the development of relationships between homes and schools over time. In this paper, the findings were analysed using a conceptual model and framework derived from earlier studies in this field. However, given the contemporary social and technological context, it was found that the framework could be reviewed and elaborated, enabling the creation of a new conceptual framework that is offered here. Our findings reveal methods of employing digital technologies to positively support parental engagement when children transition to nurseries and schools. From the analysis of our findings using the framework developed, points to consider for future practice, policy, and research are highlighted, with an emphasis on understanding and integrating parents' aspirations into the transition process. Opportunities that use existing and emerging methods for home–school–community connections need to be made known to teachers and schools. While the digital technologies used must be capable of maintaining appropriate regular communication, additionally, supporting ways for involving parental voice in reviews of existing practices and exploring new opportunities should be shared with teachers and schools. Future research should explore how the use of digital technologies in developing wider and deeper engagement and participation of parents and carers with nurseries and schools might lead to a longer-term and positive engagement in later years beyond nursery schools and initial transition to school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Relevance of Otago University postgraduate programmes in women's health to general practice: a case study.
- Author
-
Kanagasabai, Parimala, Filoche, Sara, Ekeroma, Alec, Grainger, Rebecca, Dowell, Anthony, and Paterson, Helen
- Subjects
CURRICULUM evaluation ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,MATERNAL health services ,CONTRACEPTION ,TEACHING methods ,PROFESSIONS ,FAMILY medicine ,PELVIC pain ,PEDIATRICS ,INTRAUTERINE contraceptives ,SURVEYS ,INFERTILITY ,LEARNING strategies ,ABILITY ,TRAINING ,MASTERS programs (Higher education) ,METRORRHAGIA ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,GYNECOLOGIC care ,WOMEN'S health ,CLINICAL education ,ADULT education workshops ,SEXUAL health - Abstract
INTRODUCTION: There are important changes in the health care needs of women presenting to general practice in New Zealand, which prompted an evaluation of postgraduate training needs of general practitioners (GPs) who care for women in the community. AIM: To evaluate the perceived relevance of the curriculum of Otago University postgraduate programmes in women's health to GPs' work profile to identify any need for curricular change. This study was also performed to investigate the need for refresher courses or a Master's degree in obstetrics, gynaecology and women's health. METHODS: In total, 426 GPs and GP trainees who had completed the postgraduate Certificate and Diploma programmes in women's health were invited to complete an online survey. The survey consisted of multiple-choice questions with five-point Likert scale ratings to rate the relevance of papers to general practice, and options for free-text comments. RESULTS: There were 86 responses (20.2% response rate) and we analysed 73 (17.1%). Curriculum modules related to gynaecological care were rated as more relevant than obstetric and newborn care. GPs suggested more training in contraception and management of infertility, abnormal uterine bleeding and pelvic pain including procedural skills such as insertion of long-acting reversible contraceptives, implants and intrauterine devices. An interest in a refresher course was indicated by 76.6% of GPs. DISCUSSION: GPs recognised the need for enhanced training in women's gynaecological care. Revision of the postgraduate women's health curriculum and development of new refresher courses will enable GPs, trainees and prospective GPs to improve their care for women in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Moving on from COVID-19 - not so fast.
- Author
-
Nutbeam, Don
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,PUBLIC health - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Modelling of flow through naturally fractured geothermal reservoirs, Taupō Volcanic Zone, New Zealand.
- Author
-
Kissling, Warwick M. and Massiot, Cécile
- Subjects
TRAVEL time (Traffic engineering) ,EARTH temperature ,ROCK deformation ,PROBABILITY density function ,RESERVOIR rocks ,ARTIFICIAL membranes ,RESERVOIRS - Abstract
Background: Numerous fractures are observed in fractured geothermal reservoirs on borehole images in the Taupō Volcanic Zone (TVZ), Aotearoa New Zealand. These fractures are necessary to explain the sustained reservoir permeabilities despite the low matrix porosity. However, conventional continuum models do not adequately represent fluid flow through these fractured rocks. Methods: We present new Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) codes that model fractures and associated fluid flow in 2-D at reservoir scales to represent typical rock types found in TVZ reservoirs. Input parameters are derived from interpretations of borehole images at the Rotokawa and Wairakei geothermal fields where fractures have high dip magnitudes (> 60–70°). This paper focuses on the effect of fracture density along virtual boreholes (P
10 ), that is in average 0.6 m−1 in sheet-like andesites; 0.8 m−1 in ignimbrites and 1.7 m−1 in rhyolite lavas. Results: The number of fractures in the models scale linearly with the input P10 in virtual boreholes. The percolation threshold, where the backbone of fractures is connected across the entire model domain, is reached for P10 > 0.24 m−1 . Above this threshold, mean flow measured along the mean fracture direction scales linearly with P10 . For P10 > 0.4 m−1 the permeability anisotropy lies in the interval 13 ± 3, with the scatter decreasing as P10 increases. The pressure distributions in individual DFN realisations are highly variable, but averages of 50 realisations converge towards those given by equivalent continuum models. Probability density functions resulting from DFN realisations can therefore be used to constrain continuum models. Tracing of fluid particles through the DFN shows that particles can take numerous pathways to define a swath of paths. The travel time of particles over 1 km follows a distribution similar to real tracer tests, with arrivals peaking at 1–2 days and a long tail stretching to over 200 days. Conclusions: The new codes, calibrated to real measurements of fracture geometries in borehole images of the TVZ, reproduce patterns of flows in fractured geothermal systems. Mean flows and permeability anisotropies derived from the DFNs can be used to improve modelling of flows through fractured geothermal reservoirs using continuum models at a limited computational cost. Rocks in New Zealand geothermal systems are highly fractured. Hot water flows through networks of these fractures and is collected in boreholes to generate electricity. It is important for the geothermal industry to understand how hot water flows through fractured rock so that expensive boreholes can be optimally located and energy generation maximized. Rocks in New Zealand geothermal systems are highly fractured. Hot water flows through networks of these fractures and is collected in boreholes to generate electricity. In this paper we use data collected from boreholes in two New Zealand geothermal fields to study how easily hot water flows through the main types of volcanic rocks commonly found in these fields. The observations made in boreholes tell us how many fractures cross the borehole, how big they are, and in what direction they lie. We have developed computer programs that extrapolate these measurements in a realistic way from close to the borehole to the whole geothermal reservoir, and then to calculate the flows through the resulting fracture networks. Because these networks can be so irregular, we calculate thousands of different examples to understand the likely variability of the flows through them. Averages of many fracture models, at least 50, give similar results to traditional models used by the geothermal industry, which don't consider fractures. This tells us that the traditional models are missing a lot of important details. Results from our fracture models can therefore be used in traditional models to improve the way they consider flows in fractured geothermal reservoir. Keypoints: New fracture modeling codes and with input from fracture measurements in geothermal boreholes. Probability density functions of mean flows and flow anisotropy through fractured networks at reservoir scale for rock types found in TVZ geothermal reservoirs. Calibration for continuum models. Quantification of fluid dispersion: implications for tracer test interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Chemical (Alkali) Burn-Induced Neurotrophic Keratitis Model in New Zealand Rabbit Investigated Using Medical Clinical Readouts and In Vivo Confocal Microscopy (IVCM).
- Author
-
Vohra, Mehak, Gour, Abha, Rajput, Jyoti, Sangwan, Bharti, Chauhan, Monika, Goel, Kartik, Kamath, Ajith, Mathur, Umang, Chandru, Arun, Sangwan, Virender Singh, Bhowmick, Tuhin, and Tiwari, Anil
- Subjects
CONFOCAL microscopy ,KERATITIS ,OPTICAL coherence tomography ,ALKALIES ,SLIT lamp microscopy ,CORNEA ,MEIBOMIAN glands - Abstract
Purpose: Chemical eye injury is an acute emergency that can result in vision loss. Neurotrophic keratitis (NK) is the most common long-term manifestation of chemical injury. NK due to alkali burn affects ocular surface health and is one of its most common causes. Here, we established a rabbit model of corneal alkali burns to evaluate the severity of NK-associated changes. Material methods: Alkali burns were induced in NZ rabbits by treating the cornea with (i) a 5 mm circular filter paper soaked in 0.75 N NaOH for 10 s (Mild NK) and (ii) trephination using a guarded trephine (5 mm diameter and 150-micron depth), followed by alkali burn, with a 5 mm circular filter paper soaked in 0.75 N NaOH for 10 s (a severe form of NK). Immediately after, the cornea was rinsed with 10 mL of normal saline to remove traces of NaOH. Clinical features were evaluated on Day 0, Day 1, Day 7, Day 15, and Day 21 post-alkali burn using a slit lamp, Pentacam, and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). NK-like changes in epithelium, sub-basal nerve plexus, and stroma were observed using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM), and corneal sensation were measured using an aesthesiometer post alkali injury. After 21 days, pro-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated for inflammation through ELISA. Results: Trephination followed by alkali burn resulted in the loss of epithelial layers (manifested using fluorescein stain), extensive edema, and increased corneal thickness (550 µm compared to 380 µm thickness of control) evaluated through AS-OCT and increased opacity score in alkali-treated rabbit (80 compared to 16 controls). IVCM images showed complete loss of nerve fibers, which failed to regenerate over 30 days, and loss of corneal sensation—conditions associated with NK. Cytokines evaluation of IL6, VEGF, and MMP9 indicated an increased angiogenic and pro-inflammatory milieu compared to the milder form of NK and the control. Discussion: Using clinical parameters, we demonstrated that the alkali-treated rabbit model depicts features of NK. Using IVCM in the NaOH burn animal model, we demonstrated a complete loss of nerve fibers with poor self-healing capability associated with sub-basal nerve degeneration and compromised corneal sensation. This pre-clinical rabbit model has implications for future pre-clinical research in neurotrophic keratitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Priorities for data collection through a prospective cohort study on gender-affirming hormone therapy in Aotearoa New Zealand: community and clinical perspectives.
- Author
-
Carroll, Rona, Rose, Sally B., Ker, Alex, Pettie, Michaela A., and Garrett, Susan M.
- Subjects
HEALTH services accessibility ,SECONDARY care (Medicine) ,HEALTH attitudes ,ADOLESCENT health ,MEDICAL quality control ,RESEARCH funding ,GENDER identity ,GENDER affirming care ,PRIMARY health care ,TRANSGENDER people ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,ENDOCRINOLOGISTS ,INTERVIEWING ,NONBINARY people ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,LONGITUDINAL method ,THEMATIC analysis ,INFORMATION needs ,PROFESSIONS ,HORMONE therapy ,RESEARCH methodology ,STAKEHOLDER analysis ,COMPARATIVE studies ,DATA analysis software ,MEDICAL needs assessment ,QUALITY assurance ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,SEXUAL health - Abstract
Introduction. Gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) is an important aspect of health care for many transgender and non-binary (TNB) people, but little is known about the long-term outcomes for TNB people in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). Pathways to access GAHT are shifting from secondary care towards primary care, so this is an opportune time to commence local research on long-term health and wellbeing outcomes for people initiating GAHT. Aim. This paper aims to report on the key findings from four meetings held to inform the design of a prospective cohort study to follow the journey of people initiating GAHT in primary and secondary care settings in NZ. Methods. We worked with a community advisory group of six TNB young people and sought input from 14 health care providers involved in the care of TNB people initiating GAHT (GPs, secondary care doctors, and mental health providers). Semi-structured interview schedules were used to guide discussions. Template analysis was used to initially code data based on themes identified from the interview schedule and new themes from discussions were added. Results. Participants shared ideas about recruitment and data collection priorities for baseline and follow-up surveys. These included understanding the journey to starting hormone therapy (information-seeking, decision-making), access to services for GAHT initiation, appropriateness of information provision, receipt of the first prescription, goals for and experience of GAHT, and the unique needs of non-binary people. Discussion. Input from a TNB advisory group and health care professionals has informed the development of a survey that will be used to understand the experience of, and outcomes for, people starting GAHT in NZ. Findings from this planned prospective cohort study have the potential to improve access to GAHT for TNB people who wish to pursue this option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Preferred format and strategies for seeking and trusting online health information: a survey of cardiology outpatient attendees across three New Zealand hospitals.
- Author
-
Wells, Susan, Mahony, Faith, Lee, Arier, McLachlan, Andrew, Dean, Jennie, Clarke, Jane, Lehnhard, Siobhan, Whittaker, Robyn, Harwood, Matire, Cumming, Jacqueline, and Bycroft, Janine
- Subjects
WORLD Wide Web ,HEALTH literacy ,HEALTH self-care ,CROSS-sectional method ,CARDIOLOGY ,SELF-management (Psychology) ,RESEARCH funding ,HEALTH ,CONSUMER attitudes ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,INFORMATION resources ,INTERNET ,HOSPITALS ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,SURVEYS ,INFORMATION services ,TRUST ,DATA analysis software ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,ACCESS to information ,INFORMATION-seeking behavior - Abstract
Introduction. The volume and quality of online health information requires consumers to be discerning. Aim. This study aimed to explore consumer Internet use for health information, preferred format and what factors helped them to trust the source. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016–2017 with adults attending three cardiology outpatient clinic sites using a short paper-based survey. The survey included questions regarding online health information use and perceived trustworthiness with opportunities for free text responses. Survey data were summarised with key questions adjusted by age group, gender and ethnicity using logistic regression. Results. Of the 708 respondents (51% women, 66% aged 45–74 years, 16% Māori, 12% Pacific), 73% had sought health information online (64% in the previous 12 months), commonly for medication side effects, their health condition and self-help. Most (65%) were successful, although Pacific respondents reported a lower likelihood of search success compared to Europeans. Younger age groups were more concerned about information quality. Fact sheets (80%) were the most popular format and for all ethnic groups, followed by short videos (31%) and discussion groups (23%). Trusting online information required many strategies with 72% wanting health professionals to recommend websites. Discussion. Online health information seeking is a norm for consumers, with simple fact sheets being the preferred format to build knowledge and skills. With the rising tide of misinformation, health portal providers need to offer accurate and easy-to-read fact sheets in their suite of formats and health professionals need to support consumers guiding them to trusted websites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Worldviews of hearing health for Pacific peoples in Aotearoa New Zealand: a mixed methods study.
- Author
-
Holt, Elizabeth A.-L., Koro, Latasi, Langridge, Fiona, and Nosa, Vili
- Subjects
TREATMENT of hearing disorders ,HEALTH services accessibility ,HEALTH literacy ,HEALTH attitudes ,MEDICAL quality control ,PACIFIC Islanders ,PRIMARY health care ,INTERVIEWING ,DISABILITY evaluation ,STATISTICAL sampling ,JUDGMENT sampling ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,THEMATIC analysis ,RESEARCH methodology ,HEARING disorders ,QUALITY assurance ,DATA analysis software ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
Introduction. Pacific peoples experience inequity in accessing hearing health care and are disproportionately exposed to the underlying determinants impacting ear and hearing health in Aotearoa New Zealand. Understanding community members’ worldviews, including perspectives, beliefs and values, is essential in developing appropriate and responsive hearing healthcare services to meet the needs of Pacific peoples. Aim. The purpose of this paper is to understand the worldviews, knowledge and beliefs held by Pacific peoples regarding hearing health in Aotearoa New Zealand. Methods. A mixed-methods approach was used. Twelve semistructured face-to-face interviews were conducted with Pacific community members. Twentyfive participants completed an online questionnaire. A simultaneous, integrated mixed-methods approach was used to analyse the qualitative and quantitative data. Results. Five main themes were established, which were: The Meaning of Hearing; Causes of hearing loss; Consequences of hearing loss and Disability; and Improving health care for ear disease and hearing loss. Discussion. Pacific peoples value hearing health to communicate and connect with their families and communities. Participants highlighted the importance of hearing health across the life course. Although the study findings revealed there is potentially less stigma and shame around hearing loss in New Zealand, denial and fatalistic attitudes towards hearing loss may delay some people from seeking healthcare services. Participants expressed key ways in which the health system can be more responsive to the hearing health needs of Pacific peoples in Aotearoa New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Who uses yoga and why? Who teaches yoga? Insights from a national survey in New Zealand.
- Author
-
Maddela, Sridhar, Buetow, Stephen, Teh, Ruth, and Moir, Fiona
- Subjects
ANXIETY prevention ,PREVENTION of mental depression ,PREVENTION of chronic diseases ,BACKACHE prevention ,CROSS-sectional method ,MENTAL health ,EUROPEANS ,MENOPAUSE ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,YOGA ,MARITAL status ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors ,WOMEN'S health ,DATA analysis software ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,EDUCATIONAL attainment - Abstract
Introduction. Globally, yoga has gained popularity as a health-promoting and disease-prevention discipline. The common health conditions prompting yoga use include musculoskeletal disorders, mental health conditions, asthma, fibromyalgia, arthritis, diabetes, and cancers. Although the therapeutic benefits of using yoga are well documented, little is known about the characteristics of yoga instructors (YIs) and yoga users (YUs) in New Zealand (NZ). Aim. This paper seeks to profile the characteristics of NZ YIs and YUs and explore reasons for yoga use. Methods. Online surveys for YIs and YUs were conducted to collect the sociodemographic characteristics of 84 YIs and 267 YUs. Descriptive statistics were used to determine trends. Results. The surveys were conducted between September 2020 and February 2021. The YIs were predominantly female (87.1%) with mean ± s.d. years of practice of 9.8 ± 0.8 (95% CI: 8.2, 11.4). YUs were most commonly female (86%), of NZ European descent (63%), aged 45–64 years (56%), not married (52.5%), and with a university or higher education qualification (61.5%). They use yoga to alleviate chronic health conditions like back pain (18%), menopausal symptoms (14.5%), anxiety (13.5%) and depression (11.5%). Discussion. Most YIs in NZ are females facilitating moderatesized yoga classes. YUs in NZ are disproportionately NZ European, female, middle-aged and tertiary educated. They use yoga to help manage long-term conditions, including mental ill-health and musculoskeletal disorders. The study findings could inform health professionals regarding the utilisation of yoga in NZ. Further research is required to gain insights into yoga use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Bringing legal knowledge to the public by constructing a legal question bank using large-scale pre-trained language model.
- Author
-
Yuan, Mingruo, Kao, Ben, Wu, Tien-Hsuan, Cheung, Michael M. K., Chan, Henry W. H., Cheung, Anne S. Y., Chan, Felix W. H., and Chen, Yongxi
- Subjects
LEGAL documents ,LEGAL literature ,LEGAL education ,LEGAL professions ,INFORMATION technology ,LINGUISTIC models ,CIVIL law - Abstract
Access to legal information is fundamental to access to justice. Yet accessibility refers not only to making legal documents available to the public, but also rendering legal information comprehensible to them. A vexing problem in bringing legal information to the public is how to turn formal legal documents such as legislation and judgments, which are often highly technical, to easily navigable and comprehensible knowledge to those without legal education. In this study, we formulate a three-step approach for bringing legal knowledge to laypersons, tackling the issues of navigability and comprehensibility. First, we translate selected sections of the law into snippets (called CLIC-pages), each being a small piece of article that focuses on explaining certain technical legal concept in layperson's terms. Second, we construct a Legal Question Bank, which is a collection of legal questions whose answers can be found in the CLIC-pages. Third, we design an interactive CLIC Recommender. Given a user's verbal description of a legal situation that requires a legal solution, CRec interprets the user's input and shortlists questions from the question bank that are most likely relevant to the given legal situation and recommends their corresponding CLIC pages where relevant legal knowledge can be found. In this paper we focus on the technical aspects of creating an LQB. We show how large-scale pre-trained language models, such as GPT-3, can be used to generate legal questions. We compare machine-generated questions against human-composed questions and find that MGQs are more scalable, cost-effective, and more diversified, while HCQs are more precise. We also show a prototype of CRec and illustrate through an example how our 3-step approach effectively brings relevant legal knowledge to the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Nutritional profiling of five New Zealand seaweeds - a preliminary assessment.
- Author
-
Battershill, Zoe V.
- Subjects
BRANCHED chain amino acids ,GIANT kelp ,MACROCYSTIS ,UNDARIA pinnatifida ,MARINE algae ,REACTIVE oxygen species ,ULVA - Abstract
This study set out to provide a preliminary assessment of nutritional profiles of five selected New Zealand macroalgae to investigate the potential of landcultivated Ulva spp. The New Zealand seaweeds species, selected from a limited range, were either collected from the wild (Pyropia plicata from Tauranga and Kaikōura), or were sourced from commercial wild harvest suppliers (Macrocystis pyrifera and Undaria pinnatifida), and were compared to land-based cultivated Ulva species (Ulva ralfsii and Ulva stenophylloides). Species were assessed for their content of crude protein, total lipids, carbohydrates, fibers, amino acids, mineral profiles, heavy metals and antioxidant capacity (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity, ORAC). The two cultivated Ulva spp. had the highest crude protein content of the six seaweeds analyzed (approximately 21% dw, N×6.25), as expected with nutrient supplemented cultivation. They also had the highest total, essential and branched chain amino acid quantities (151, 70, and 29 mg/g for U. stenophylloides and 138, 62, and 27 mg/g for U. ralfsii). Though the two Ulva spp. were grown to the same cultivation specifications, they varied in carbohydrate and total fiber content (U. stenophylloides: 63% and 62%; U. ralfsii: 39% and 40%, respectively). Pyropia plicata collected in Kaikōura had the highest carbohydrate levels (65%) though not the highest total fiber. Both P. plicata had the highest trace minerals (417 mg/kg and 720 mg/kg for Kaikōura and Tauranga P. plicata respectively). All seaweeds analyzed showed no lipophilic antioxidants, though the two Phaeophyceae had the highest hydrophilic antioxidant content at 115 TE and 168 TE for Macrocystis pyrifera and Undaria pinnatifida, respectively. This paper provides a preliminary indication of the relative nutritional attributes of a range of potential New Zealand seaweed aquaculture targets benchmarked against sealettuce (Ulva spp.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Engaging With Health Consumers in Scientific Conferences—As Partners not Bystanders.
- Author
-
Newman, Bronwyn, Bowden, Janelle, Jessup, Rebecca, Christie, Lauren J., Livingstone, Ann, Sarkies, Mitchell, Killedar, Anagha, Vleeskens, Carole, Sarwar, Mashreka, Tieu, Thit, Chamberlain, Saran, Harrison, Reema, and Pearce, Alison
- Subjects
MEDICAL care research ,NONPROFIT organizations ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,HUMAN research subjects ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,REFLECTION (Philosophy) ,LEARNING ,STRATEGIC planning ,MOTIVATION (Psychology) ,EXPERIENCE ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,ENDOWMENT of research ,PATIENT participation ,PATIENTS' attitudes - Abstract
Introduction: It is now widely recognised that engaging consumers in research activities can enhance the quality, equity and relevance of the research. Much of the commentary about consumer engagement in research focuses on research processes and implementation, rather than dissemination in conference settings. This article offers reflections and learnings from consumers, researchers and conference organisers on the 12th Health Services Research Conference, a biennial conference hosted by the Health Services Research Association of Australia and New Zealand (HSRAANZ). Method: We were awarded funds via a competitive application process by Bellberry Limited, a national not‐for‐profit agency with a focus on improving research quality, to incorporate consumer engagement strategies in conference processes and evaluate their impact. Findings: Strategies included consumer scholarships, a buddy system, designated quiet space and consumer session co‐chairs; the reflections explored in this paper were collected in the funded, independent evaluation. Our insights suggest a need for more structured consumer involvement in conference planning and design, as well as the development of specific engagement strategies. Conclusion: To move toward active partnership in scientific conference settings, our experience reinforces the need to engage consumers as members in designing and conducting research and in presenting research and planning conference content and processes. Public Contribution: Consumer engagement in research dissemination at conferences is the focus of this viewpoint article. Consumers were involved in the conception of this article and have contributed to authorship at all stages of revisions and edits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Design of Slender Built-Up Back-to-Back CFS Channel Columns with Pinned Warping-Free Ends.
- Author
-
Vy, Son Tung and Mahendran, Mahen
- Subjects
COLD-formed steel - Abstract
Built-up back-to-back cold-formed steel (CFS) channel members (BBC members) are utilized as CFS compression members with enhanced load-bearing capacity in building structures. In this study, finite-element (FE) models of BBC compression members with pinned warping-fixed and pinned warping-free ends were established and verified using test results available in the literature. Using the developed FE models, detailed parametric studies were conducted to assess the behavior and capacity of slender BBC compression members with pinned warping-free ends, varying cross sections, and screw arrangements. The results were first compared with those of their individual (channel) members and BBC members with pinned warping-fixed ends. They were then used to evaluate the direct strength method (DSM) design rules in the CFS design standards used in North America and Australia/New Zealand. Finally, new reliable design rules based on the DSM equations and some analytical equations in the literature were proposed for the BBC compression members with pinned warping-free ends, together with suitable recommendations. This paper includes the main details of this study with a summary of its important findings and proposals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. EQUITY DIMENSIONS OF A LAND TAX.
- Author
-
GRIMES, ARTHUR
- Subjects
PROPERTY tax ,LAND value taxation ,LANDOWNERS ,MAORI (New Zealand people) - Abstract
Economists view land taxes as having beneficial efficiency properties relative to other forms of taxation. Furthermore, land taxes in New Zealand are administratively easy to implement since all properties are already valued on a regular basis. However, questions remain about the distributional properties of a land tax. Five questions are addressed in this paper: First, what are its vertical equity properties (in relation to household income/wealth)? Second, what are its horizontal equity properties (for people with similar incomes/wealth but with different landholdings)? Third, what are the impacts of the tax on landowners involved in land-extensive primary industries? Fourth, what are the impacts on owners of Māori land? Fifth, what inter-generational equity distributional considerations arise? After addressing these questions, the paper considers broader changes to the tax system accompanied by a central government land tax that incorporates the following features: (1) Māori freehold land that is currently non-rateable under the Local Government (Rating) Act 2002 is exempt from the tax; (2) a tax-free threshold is set based on the per hectare value of the land parcel; (3) a proportionate tax is levied on all land value above the threshold; and (4) an option is provided to accrue the tax liability (with interest) until property sale to alleviate cashflow constraints. The paper concludes that the strong efficiency and administrative properties of a land tax, structured as above to alleviate certain distributional concerns, make land tax a valid option for central and local governments to consider. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
29. Balancing Visible and Invisible Belonging for Korean Migrant Missional Churches in Aotearoa New Zealand.
- Author
-
Hyeong-Kyoon Kim
- Subjects
KOREANS ,CHRISTIANITY ,SCHOLARS - Abstract
This paper explores how Korean migrant churches in Aotearoa New Zealand can find a balance between missions (understood as extending the Church) and Mission1 (construed as participation in the missio Dei), in relation to their sense of belonging. For this purpose, the research uses a qualitative methodology interview method guided by interpretivism. The paper begins by identifying key contextual factors related to Koreans in New Zealand as migrants, Christians and missional beings. The responses of 31 research participants regarding what constitutes a “sense of belonging” are analysed in terms of visible and invisible belonging. Visible belonging is associated with churches that have strong boundaries, and invisible belonging is found in one’s relationship with God; the two can be correlated with missions and Mission, respectively. The analysis suggests that a missional understanding can be a trigger for enabling interaction between visible belonging as missions and invisible belonging as Mission, through three missional concepts: purpose, progress and experience. Finally, the paper suggests practical ways that Korean churches in New Zealand can balance missions and Mission by following three missional guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. A novel methodological approach to participant engagement and policy relevance for community-based primary medical care research during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia and New Zealand.
- Author
-
Barnes, Katelyn, Hall Dykgraaf, Sally, O'Brien, Kathleen, Douglas, Kirsty, Eggleton, Kyle, Bui, Nam, Wong, Sabrina T., Etz, Rebecca S., and Goodyear-Smith, Felicity
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,MEDICAL care research ,PRIMARY care ,COVID-19 ,ACCESS to primary care - Abstract
Community-based primary care, such as general practice (GP) or urgent care, serves as the primary point of access to healthcare for most Australians and New Zealanders. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created significant and ongoing disruptions to primary care. Traditional research methods have contributed to gaps in understanding the experiences of primary care workers during the pandemic. This paper describes a novel research design and method that intended to capture the evolving impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on primary care workers in Australia and New Zealand. Recurrent, rapid cycle surveys were fielded from May 2020 through December 2021 in Australia, and May 2020 through February 2021 in New Zealand. Rapid survey development, fielding, triangulated analysis and dissemination of results allowed close to real-time communication of relevant issues among general practice workers, researchers and policy-makers. A conceptual model is presented to support longitudinal analysis of primary care worker experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia and New Zealand, and key learnings from applying this novel method are discussed. This paper will assist future research teams in development and execution of policy-relevant research in times of change and may inform further areas of interest for COVID-19 research in primary care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Cross-Sectional Survey of Public Perception of Commercial Greyhound Racing in New Zealand.
- Author
-
Cameron, Kristie E., Vaughan, Alison, McAninch, Marie J., Briden, Kayla, and Dale, Arnja
- Subjects
GREYHOUND racing ,PUBLIC opinion ,ANIMAL welfare ,POLITICAL opposition ,PUBLIC support ,PUBLIC spaces ,HUMAN-animal relationships - Abstract
Simple Summary: Commercial greyhound racing in New Zealand has been under scrutiny for its animal welfare practices for over a decade. In 2021, the greyhound racing industry was placed 'on-notice' by the New Zealand Racing Minister and Associate Minister of Agriculture (Animal Welfare) due to ongoing issues with data recording, transparency, and animal welfare generally. Social license was identified as a key factor in deciding the future of commercial greyhound racing in New Zealand. This paper describes the findings of a robust survey of the New Zealand public's opinion towards commercial greyhound racing. The majority of survey respondents reported a negative view of the greyhound racing industry and indicated that, given the chance, they would vote in support of a ban on greyhound racing. The respondents reported a lack of involvement and knowledge of industry practices. These results confirm that the majority of the New Zealand public do not currently support the continuation of commercial greyhound racing in New Zealand. The commercial greyhound racing industry in New Zealand is struggling with an eroding social license and 'on-notice' status. Multiple independent reviews of the industry have identified ongoing issues of animal welfare during and between races, euthanasia decisions, poor data tracking, a lack of transparency and problems with rehoming dogs, resulting in New Zealand animal advocacy agencies and the general public questioning the continuation of greyhound racing. The current paper assessed the New Zealand public's awareness and familiarity with commercial greyhound racing, identified current levels of public support or opposition for racing, and provided context in terms of engagement with greyhound racing using a comprehensive survey of a robust sample of New Zealanders. The results confirm that the social license of the greyhound industry is under challenge with most respondents expressing disagreement with or lack of knowledge of current industry practices and indicating they would vote in support of a ban. There is scope for increasing public acceptability by addressing welfare issues, increasing awareness of positive industry practices, and encouraging transparency of the greyhound racing agency. However, as greyhound racing is on the decline worldwide, calls are likely to continue for a phase-out of commercial greyhound racing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Biomass‐based lateral root morphological parameter models for rapeseed (Brassica napus L.).
- Author
-
Zhang, Wei‐xin, Wu, Qian, Sun, Chuan‐liang, Ge, Dao‐kuo, Cao, Jing, Liang, Wan‐jie, Yin, Ying‐jun, Li, Hong, Cao, Hong‐xin, Zhang, Wen‐yu, Li, Bai‐ming, and Xin, Yu‐kai
- Subjects
RAPESEED ,ROOT growth ,ABSOLUTE value ,BIOMASS ,CULTIVARS ,SURFACE area - Abstract
Lateral roots, including adventitious roots, are the main component of rapeseed roots with support, absorb, and synthesis functions and their morphological parameters directly affecting the plant's aboveground growth and yield. Root biomass, as a material base for lateral root growth, can be used as a link between plant phenotypes and their physiological processes, as well as to enhance root 3D growth model mechanisms and accuracy. To quantify the relationships between lateral root morphological indices and the corresponding organ biomass for rapeseed, we used two cultivars, NY 22 (conventional) and NZ 1818 (hybrid), and conducted cultivar and fertilizing cylindrical tube experiments during the 2016–2019, with two fertilizer levels, no fertilizer, and 180 kg N ha−1 fertilizer. The lateral root biomass and morphological parameters were determined during the whole growth period. The biomass‐based lateral root morphological parameter models were developed by analyzing the quantitative relationship between the lateral root morphological indices and their corresponding biomass, and the descriptive models were verified with independent experimental data. The results showed that the correlation (r) of simulated and observed values for the lateral root morphological parameters are all greater than 0.9 with significant levels at p < 0.001. The absolute values of the average absolute difference (da) of simulated and observed values for the lateral root length (LLR), lateral root average diameter (ADLR), lateral root surface area (SALR), and lateral root volume (VLR) are −30.408 cm, −0.003 mm, 12.902 cm2, and 0.039 cm3, respectively. The RMSE values are 175.183 cm, 0.010 mm, 59.710 cm2, and 1.513 cm3, respectively. The ratio of da to the average observed values (dap) for the LLR and VLR are all less than 5%, and the ADLR and SALR are all <6%. The models developed in this paper have good performance and reliability for predicting lateral root morphological parameters of rapeseed. The study provides a mechanistic method for linking the rapeseed growth model with the morphological model using corresponding organic biomass and laying a good foundation for establishing a 3D morphological model for rapeseed root system based on biomass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Rural general practice and ethical issues. A rapid review of the literature.
- Author
-
Menezes, S. and Eggleton, K.
- Subjects
PRIVACY ,RURAL health services ,FAMILY medicine ,RURAL conditions ,MEDICAL ethics ,INTERSECTIONALITY ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,PROFESSIONALISM - Abstract
Introduction. Key New Zealand ethical documents that describe appropriate ethical behaviour for doctors do not consider rurality and how this might impact on the practice of medicine. Aim. The aim of this study was to understand the literature on key ethical issues experienced by general practitioners in a rural context that might inform the development of a New Zealand agenda of rural medical ethics Methods. A rapid review was undertaken of three databases using a variety of key words relating to rurality, ethics, professionalism and medicine. Inclusion criteria were research articles focussing on the experience of doctors working in a rural healthcare setting, commentaries and narratives. The findings from the paper were synthesised and broad ethical categories created. Results. Twelve studies were identified that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Synthesis of the data revealed five ethical issues that predominately arose from living and working within communities. These ethical issues related to juggling personal and professional lives, managing friendships with patients, managing loss of privacy and anonymity, assuring confidentiality and practicing outside of comfort zones. Discussion. The majority of ethical issues arose from managing overlapping relationships. However, these overlapping relationships and roles are considered normal in rural settings. A tension is created between adhering to urban normative ethical guidelines and the reality of living in a rural environment. Professional ethical guidelines, such as those developed by the New Zealand Medical Council, do not account for this rural lived reality. Rural practitioners in New Zealand should be engaged with to progress a specific rural ethics agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Shake Table Testing and Modeling of New Zealand Light-Frame Wood Buildings.
- Author
-
Francis, Tom C., Sullivan, Timothy J., and Filiatrault, André
- Subjects
SHAKING table tests ,WOODEN-frame buildings ,EARTHQUAKE resistant design ,BUILDING performance ,HOUSE construction ,WOODEN building ,DWELLINGS - Abstract
The 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence highlighted the vulnerability of New Zealand light-frame wood buildings that are the predominant typology in residential construction. While life-safety performance was excellent, many buildings experienced widespread cracking of internal wall linings that resulted in costly repairs and disruption. Despite the widespread use of light-frame wood construction in New Zealand, no known shake table tests have been documented for this construction typology. Additionally, New Zealand light-frame wood building performance cannot simply be inferred from international testing because New Zealand adopts a different design philosophy from those of the US and Canada by relying on gypsum sheathing as the primary lateral resisting element. To further investigate New Zealand light-frame wood building performance, this paper discusses shake table testing of a light-frame wood building specimen, constructed on the University of Canterbury unidirectional shake table using modern New Zealand design and construction approaches. The observed damages during the tests were consistent with those observed in similarly built structures that were investigated after the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence. This paper also presents a modeling approach using the state-of-the-art software Timber3D, which was verified by simulating the shake table specimen and comparing the observed and predicted dynamic response from the test specimen and model, respectively. The Timber3D modeling approach included analysis and parameterization of screw-slip data using the Evolutionary Parameter Hysteretic Model, formulation of two-dimensional wall component models, and nonlinear time history analysis of a three-dimensional model of the shake table specimen. The model was shown to reasonably predict the displacement response of the shake table specimen and the strength degradation from cracking damage through repeated earthquakes. The modeling approach described is intended to further the development of residential building models toward the performance-based seismic design of light-frame wood buildings in New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. "It Feels like You're a Stranger in Your Own Skin": Young People's Accounts of Everyday Embodiment.
- Author
-
Calder-Dawe, Octavia and Carlson, Teah Anna Lee
- Subjects
YOUTH ,BODY image ,RACIALIZATION ,WELL-being - Abstract
While much existing research investigates embodiment and body image in individualised terms, new research in youth studies takes a wider view. How are young people's experiences of embodiment entangled with sociocultural and structural influences? How do young people come to develop a sense of embodied identity in contexts that teem with hostile and unattainable body ideals? How are possibilities for affirming and affirmative embodiment navigated by young people—especially those living outside prevailing appearance norms? In this paper, we engage with these questions, drawing insights from an in-depth, collaborative research project designed to understand what supports and constrains hauora and wellbeing for young people in Aotearoa (New Zealand). First, we analyse young people's accounts thematically, identifying three prevailing systems of cultural privilege that regulate embodiment. These include processes of racialisation and gendering, as well as cisnormative, heteronormative, ableist and healthist logics. Second, we work closely with one young person's interview, exploring how her narrative unsettles prevailing norms of appearance and embodiment. By spotlighting what young people themselves tell us about their bodies and embodied experiences, this paper demonstrates the value of an embodiment lens for youth and wellbeing studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. New Zealand postgraduate medical training by distance for Pacific Island country-based general practitioners: a qualitative study.
- Author
-
Blattner, Katharina, Faatoese, Allamanda, Smith, Mark, Maoate, Kiki, Miller, Rory, and Richards, Rosalina
- Subjects
RESEARCH methodology ,INTERVIEWING ,CURRICULUM ,EXPERIENCE ,QUALITATIVE research ,LABOR supply ,STUDENTS ,GRADUATE education ,RESEARCH funding ,THEMATIC analysis ,DATA analysis software ,ALTERNATIVE education ,MEDICAL education - Abstract
Introduction. New Zealand health training institutions have an important role in supporting health workforce training programmes in the Pacific Region. Aim. To explore the experience of Pacific Island country-based doctors from the Cook Islands, Niue, and Samoa, studying in New Zealand’s University of Otago distance-taught Rural Postgraduate programme. Methods. Document analysis (16 documents) was undertaken. Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with Pacific Island country-based students. Thematic analysis of the interviews was undertaken using the framework method. The two data sources were analysed separately, followed by a process to converge and corroborate findings. Results. For Pacific Island countries with no previous option for formal general practice training, access to a recognised academic programme represented a milestone. Immediate clinical relevance and applicability of a generalist medical curriculum with rural remote emphasis, delivered mainly at a distance, was identified as a major strength. Although technologies posed some issues, these were generally easily solved. The main challenges identified related to the provision of academic and other support. Traditional university support services and resources were campus focused and not always easily accessed by this group of students who cross educational pedagogies, health systems and national borders to study in a New Zealand programme. Study for individuals worked best when it was part of a recognised and supported Pacific in-country training pathway. Discussion. The University of Otago’s Rural Postgraduate programme is accessible, relevant and achievable for Pacific Island country-based doctors. The programme offers a partial solution for training in general practice for the Pacific region. Student experience could be improved by tailoring and strengthening support services and ensuring their effective delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Seismic oceanography of internal solitary waves offshore the South Island, New Zealand.
- Author
-
Linghan Meng, Kun Zhang, Haibin Song, and Mengli Liu
- Subjects
INTERNAL waves ,SEISMIC surveys ,REMOTE-sensing images ,WATER depth ,ISLANDS ,OCEANOGRAPHY - Abstract
Seismic oceanography has been widely used in the study of internal solitary waves (ISWs) in recent years, and has achieved remarkable results. In this paper, we analyzed the multi-channel seismic reflection data in the Canterbury Basin offshore New Zealand from January 9 to January 29, 2000, collected by R/V Maurice Ewing. We observed 4 groups of ISWs (labeled ISW1s to ISW4s) on 4 seismic survey lines. We studied their waveforms and propagation speeds in detail. There are two theoretical structures used to describe the vertical waveform of ISWs: the first-order nonlinear vertical structure and the linear vertical structure. We found that ISW1s fit the nonlinear structure well, ISW3s and ISW4s fit the linear structure, and ISW2 does not fit either one. As the water depth increases, the waveforms of all ISWs gradually widen. Two satellite SAR images reveal that all ISWs generally travel shoreward across the isobaths. However, the propagation direction of ISW1s is about 354°-360° (clockwise from due north), different from the propagation directions of other ISWs (about 22°-26°), which explains why ISW1s have the largest characteristic half-height width. The estimated propagation speeds are close to the theoretical speeds, confirming our speed correction method. In the end, we also discuss the interaction of ISWs and eddies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Management of Skin Toxicities in Cancer Treatment: An Australian/New Zealand Perspective.
- Author
-
Ladwa, Rahul, Fogarty, Gerald, Chen, Peggy, Grewal, Gurpreet, McCormack, Chris, Mar, Victoria, Kerob, Delphine, and Khosrotehrani, Kiarash
- Subjects
TREATMENT of urticaria ,HAND-foot syndrome ,PHOTOSENSITIVITY disorders ,SKIN care ,ULTRAVIOLET radiation ,HAIR diseases ,FOLLICULITIS ,ITCHING ,TUMORS ,DRUG eruptions ,URTICARIA ,NAIL diseases - Abstract
Simple Summary: Many cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy, can cause skin side effects. These are called 'dermatologic toxicities' or 'skin toxicities'. There are many different types of skin toxicities, some of which can not only affect the quality of life but also lead to cancer treatment being stopped or slowed down. This paper gives an overview of 12 of the most common skin toxicities experienced by people receiving cancer treatment. These include rashes, dry skin, skin irritation, hair loss, changes in skin colouring, and itching. We have provided Australia/New Zealand-specific recommendations on how skin toxicities can be prevented and managed, including the role of dermocosmetic solutions. Cancer systemic therapeutics and radiotherapy are often associated with dermatological toxicities that may reduce patients' quality of life and impact their course of cancer treatment. These toxicities cover a wide range of conditions that can be complex to manage with increasing severity. This review provides details on twelve common dermatological toxicities encountered during cancer treatment and offers measures for their prevention and management, particularly in the Australian/New Zealand context where skincare requirements may differ to other regions due to higher cumulative sun damage caused by high ambient ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. Given the frequency of these dermatological toxicities, a proactive phase is envisaged where patients can actively try to prevent skin toxicities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Investigation of Structural Seismic Vulnerability Using Machine Learning on Rapid Visual Screening.
- Author
-
Karampinis, Ioannis, Iliadis, Lazaros, and Karabinis, Athanasios
- Subjects
MACHINE learning ,VISUAL learning ,EMERGENCY management ,EARTHQUAKE resistant design ,MODERN society - Abstract
Seismic vulnerability assessment is one of the most impactful engineering challenges faced by modern societies. Thus, authorities require a reliable tool that has the potential to rank given structures according to their seismic vulnerability. Various countries and organizations over the past decades have developed Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) tools aiming to efficiently estimate vulnerability indices. In general, RVS tools employ a set of structural features and their associated weights to obtain a vulnerability index, which can be used for ranking. In this paper, Machine Learning (ML) models are implemented within this framework. The proposed formulation is used to train binary classifiers in conjunction with ad hoc rules, employing the features of various Codes (e.g., the Federal Emergency Management Agency, New Zealand, and Canada). The efficiency of this modeling effort is evaluated for each Code separately and it is clearly demonstrated that ML-based models are capable of outperforming currently established engineering practices. Furthermore, in the spirit of the aforementioned Codes, a linearization of the fully trained ML model is proposed. ML feature attribution techniques, namely SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) are employed to introduce weights similar to engineering practices. The promising results motivate the potential applicability of this methodology towards the recalibration of the RVS procedures for various types of cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Conceptualising surface water–groundwater exchange in braided river systems.
- Author
-
Wilson, Scott R., Hoyle, Jo, Measures, Richard, Di Ciacca, Antoine, Morgan, Leanne K., Banks, Eddie W., Robb, Linda, and Wöhling, Thomas
- Subjects
BRAIDED rivers ,WATERSHEDS ,RIVER channels ,BODIES of water ,GROUNDWATER temperature ,PARTICLE size distribution - Abstract
Braided rivers can provide substantial recharge to regional aquifers, with flow exchange between surface water and groundwater occurring at a range of spatial and temporal scales. However, the difficulty in measuring and modelling these complex and dynamic river systems has hampered process understanding and the upscaling necessary to quantify these fluxes. This is due to an incomplete understanding of the hydrogeological structures that control river–groundwater exchange. In this paper, we present a new conceptualisation of subsurface processes in braided rivers based on observations of the main losing reaches of three braided rivers in Aotearoa / New Zealand. The conceptual model is based on a range of data, including lidar, bathymetry, coring, particle size distribution, groundwater level and temperature monitoring, radon-222, electrical-resistivity tomography and fibre-optic cables. The combined results indicate that sediments within the recently active river braidplain are distinctive, with sediments that are poorly consolidated and better sorted compared with adjacent deposits from the historical braidplain that become successively consolidated and intermixed with flood silt deposits due to overbank flow. A distinct sedimentary unconformity, combined with the presence of geomorphologically distinct lateral boundaries, suggests that a "braidplain aquifer" forms within the active river braidplain through the process of sediment mobilisation during flood events. This braidplain aquifer concept introduces a shallow storage reservoir to the river system, which is distinct from the regional aquifer system, and mediates the exchange of flow between individual river channels and the regional aquifer. The implication of the new concept is that surface water–groundwater exchange occurs at two spatial scales: the first is hyporheic and parafluvial exchange between the river and braidplain aquifer; the second is exchange between the braidplain aquifer and regional aquifer system. Exchange at both scales is influenced by the state of hydraulic connection between the respective water bodies. This conceptualisation acknowledges braided rivers as whole "river systems", consisting of channels and a gravel aquifer reservoir. This work has important implications for understanding how changes in river management (e.g. surface water extraction, bank training and gravel extraction) and morphology may impact groundwater recharge (and potentially flow, temperature attenuation and ecological resilience) under dry conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. A community of practice intervention to increase education-focused mental health promotion actions among interdisciplinary professionals: a qualitative study.
- Author
-
Tokolahi, Ema, Richardson, Deirdre, and Bazyk, Susan
- Subjects
INTERDISCIPLINARY education ,COMMUNITIES of practice ,MENTAL health ,MEDICAL personnel ,QUALITATIVE research ,HUMAN services programs ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,MEETINGS ,EDUCATIONAL outcomes ,SOCIAL services ,PROFESSIONS ,THEMATIC analysis ,PROFESSIONAL employee training ,HEALTH promotion ,LABOR supply ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,MEDICAL practice - Abstract
Introduction. Through a unique, inter-sectoral and interprofessional initiative, practitioners from education, health and social service sectors were invited to participate in communities of practice, facilitated online. The focus was on building workforce capacity to address the mental health needs of children and youth. Aim. This paper explores interprofessional workforce development by translating knowledge from a mental health promotion initiative developed overseas into the Aotearoa New Zealand context. Methods. Over a 6-month period, practitioners engaged in an iterative, capacity-building process, where they had access to the initiative materials and resources, shared practice stories, networked, and discussed barriers and facilitators for implementation. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to interpret data. Results. Members of the communities of practice engaged in storytelling and made sense of the initiative in relation to their previous knowledge and experiences: practice and thinking were validated. Mental health promotion was positioned as the responsibility of all sectors and the need for effective interprofessional collaboration was deemed essential. Furthermore, translation of the initiative into the bicultural context of Aotearoa New Zealand demanded and deserved sustained attention. Discussion. This study contributes interprofessional and inter-sectoral evidence for building workforce capacity to address the mental health needs of children and youth. Further research is warranted to investigate the outcomes for the children and youth served. Interprofessional communities of practice were shown to provide a sustainable mechanism by which knowledge can be received, transformed and translated into practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Implementing new forms of collaboration and participation in primary health care: leveraging past learnings to inform future initiatives.
- Author
-
Middleton, Lesley, O'Loughlin, Claire, Tenbensel, Tim, Silwal, Pushkar, Churchward, Marianna, Russell, Lynne, and Cumming, Jacqueline
- Subjects
INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,PRIMARY health care ,HEALTH policy ,INTERVIEWING ,SOCIAL services ,CONTINUUM of care ,COMMUNITIES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,HEALTH care reform ,PATIENT-centered care ,THEMATIC analysis ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,RESEARCH methodology ,TRUST ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,INTEGRATED health care delivery ,PATIENT participation - Abstract
Introduction. Within primary health care policy, there is an increasing focus on enhancing involvement with secondary health care, social care services and communities. Yet, translating these expectations into tangible changes frequently encounters significant obstacles. As part of an investigation into the progress made in achieving primary health care reform in Aotearoa New Zealand, realist research was undertaken with those charged with responsibility for national and local policies. The specific analysis in this paper probes primary health care leaders' assessments of progress towards more collaboration with other health and non-health agencies, and communities. Aim. This study aimed to investigate how ideas for more integration and joinedup care have found their way into the practice of primary health care in Aotearoa New Zealand. Methods. Applying a realist logic of inquiry, data from semi-structured interviews with primary health care leaders were analysed to identify key contextual characteristics and mechanisms. Explanations were developed of what influenced leaders to invest energy in joined-up and integrated care activities. Results. Our findings highlight three explanatory mechanisms and their associated contexts: a willingness to share power, build trusting relationships and manage task complexity. These underpin leaders' accounts of the success (or otherwise) of collaborative arrangements. Discussion. Such insights have import in the context of the current health reforms for stakeholders charged with developing local approaches to the planning and delivery of health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Curriculum Middle Leader Practices and Teachers Perceptions of Their Effectiveness: A Study in New Zealand Secondary Schools.
- Author
-
Highfield, Camilla, Thompson, Pauline, and Woods, Rachel
- Subjects
SECONDARY schools ,PROFESSIONAL identity ,LIKERT scale ,TEACHER development ,SOCIOECONOMIC status - Abstract
This study reports the quantitative results of middle leaders' self-reported practices and compares their responses to the perceptions of the teachers who report to them (n = 158). Likert scale questionnaires were used to measure the extent to which middle leaders focused on goal orientation, professional collaboration, effective instructional practices, and supporting teacher development within their department. The analysis provides insight into this phenomenon within six different state-funded secondary schools, with results showing middle leaders almost always rate their practices more effectively than the teachers who report to them. Common areas identified as requiring increased effectiveness were middle leaders' use of resources to support learning, use of data to support the instructional programme, and identification of effective professional learning opportunities for teachers. Reported levels of effectiveness compared with student academic achievement in the senior secondary school setting align with agreement ratings and the socio-economic status of students who attend the school. This paper highlights the need for the ongoing support of middle leaders to be provided with deliberate support and development for leading teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Nine New Species of Ilyarachninae Hansen, 1916 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Munnopsidae) from Australia and New Zealand with an Updated Key of the Subfamily from the Southwest Pacific †.
- Author
-
Merrin, Kelly L.
- Subjects
ISOPODA ,CRUSTACEA ,SPECIES ,CLADISTIC analysis ,ISLANDS ,MARITIME piracy - Abstract
The Ilyarachninae are a diverse and widely distributed subfamily of the asellote family Munnopsidae. This paper describes nine new deep-sea species from two Ilyarachninae genera, Ilyarachna and Notoapais, from the southwestern Pacific, namely from New Zealand and the east coast of Australia. Ilyarachna aculeatus n. sp., Ilyarachna brucei n. sp., Ilyarachna franki n. sp., Ilyarachna mclayi n. sp., Ilyarachna pacifica n. sp., Ilyarachna sami n. sp., Ilyarachna taranui n. sp. and Notopais chathamensis n. sp. are described from New Zealand waters, while Notopais likros n. sp. is described from off the east coast of Australia. Additionally, a redescription of Notopais spinosa from the Balleny Islands, Antarctica, and a revised key to the Ilyarachna and Notopais species from the southwest Pacific are included, and the distribution, affinities, and diagnostic characters of the new species are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. An Improved Pedotransfer Function for Soil Hydrological Properties in New Zealand.
- Author
-
McNeill, Stephen, Lilburne, Linda, Vickers, Shirley, Webb, Trevor, and Carrick, Samuel
- Subjects
SOIL moisture ,SOIL management ,SOILS ,SOIL mapping ,RESEARCH personnel - Abstract
Featured Application: Landowners, regional and national governments, and researchers can use predictions of the soil hydrological properties created in this work, such as wilting point, field capacity, macroporosity, and total available water content, to characterize soils for soil management decisions in New Zealand, e.g., in terms of irrigation requirements, or for policy, e.g., nutrient budgets and regulations. This paper describes a new pedotransfer function (PTF) for the soil water content of New Zealand soils at seven specific tensions (0, −5, −10, −20, −40, −100, −1500 kPa) using explanatory variables derived from the S-map soil mapping system. The model produces unbiased and physically plausible estimates of the response at each tension, as well as unbiased and physically plausible estimates of the response differences that define derived properties (e.g., macroporosity and total available water content). The PTF is a development of an earlier model using approximately double the number of sites compared with the earlier study, a change in fitting methodology to a semi-parametric GAM Beta response, and the inclusion of sample depth. The results show that the new model has resulted in significant improvements for the soil water content estimates and derived quantities using standard goodness-of-fit measures, based on validation data. A comparison with an international PTF using explanatory variables compatible with variables available from S-map (EUPTF2) suggests that the model is better for prediction of soil water content using the limited information available from the S-map system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Recovery planning with communities at the heart
- Author
-
Trudinger, Mark
- Published
- 2024
47. A Comparison of Response Styles between Different Groups of Czech and New Zealand Students Participating in PISA 2018
- Author
-
Boško, Martin, Vonková, Hana, Papajoanu, Ondrej, and Moore, Angie
- Abstract
International large-scale assessments, such as Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), are a crucial source of information for education researchers and policymakers. The assessment also includes a student questionnaire, however, the data can be biased by the differences in reporting behavior between students. In this paper, we analyse differences in response styles of students in the Czech Republic and New Zealand based on data gathered in PISA 2018. The results show that Czech students use, on average, the acquiescence response style (ARS) and extreme response style (ERS) less than their counterparts in New Zealand. Contrarily, Czech students use, on average, the disacquiescence response style (DARS) more than students from New Zealand. A closer analysis according to the school type in the Czech Republic, showed that students from 4-year secondary general schools score, on average, the highest on ARS and ERS, but the lowest on DARS among all school types. The analysis in New Zealand according to the Year of study showed that students in Years 12-13 score, on average, the highest on ARS and ERS among all Year-of-study groups, the DARS values being similar across the Year-of-study groups. The mean ARS and ERS of each of the Czech school types remains below that of any of the New Zealand Year-of-study groups. For DARS, the mean score of the highest-scoring Year-of-study group in New Zealand (Years 9-10) remains below that of the lowest-scoring Czech school type (4-year secondary general school). Analysis of response styles is a crucial tool for the identification of some of the potential biases in student-reported data. Future research should take the differences in student reporting behavior into account and perhaps also employ other methodological approaches for their identification, such as the overclaiming technique. [For the complete Volume 21 proceedings, see ED629259.]
- Published
- 2023
48. The Reflection of the 21st-Century Skills in Education Programs
- Author
-
Cansu Altunsaban Yerlikaya and Zeynep Sahin
- Abstract
For learners to be individuals equipped with the 21st-century skills when they start business life after graduation, they must be able to gain these skills during their education. However, due to their nature, it's not possible for students to acquire these skills under a specific course. For these skills to be achieved, they must be integrated across all curricula. In this study, an evaluation was conducted to see whether various countries incorporate the 21st-century skills in their curricula, how these skills are applied, and how these skills should be handled in their curricula. Within the scope of this research, the curricula applied in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, England, Ireland, and Turkey were examined. When the 12 skills defined by the P21 platform are considered, it can be seen that all skills are interconnected and that one cannot fully exist without the other. It can be said that starting to gain these skills, which are required by the 21st-century professions and which employers expect from graduates, from an early age it is important for individuals to be properly and fully prepared for the future. In accordance with the 21st-century expectations, evaluations, educational materials, teaching methods, professional growth opportunities, and learning environments should all be synchronized to create a supportive framework that generates the 21st-century results for contemporary students. [This paper was published in: "EJER Congress 2023 International Eurasian Educational Research Congress Conference Proceedings," Ani Publishing, 2023, pp. 97-126.]
- Published
- 2023
49. Race-Level Reporting of Incidents Using an Online System during Three Seasons (2019/2020–2021/2022) of Thoroughbred Flat Racing in New Zealand.
- Author
-
Gibson, Michaela J., Legg, Kylie A., Gee, Erica K., and Rogers, Chris W.
- Subjects
HORSE racing ,THOROUGHBRED horse ,INJURY risk factors ,REASONABLE care (Law) ,DATA entry - Abstract
Simple Summary: In the 2019/20 Thoroughbred racing season, the system for reporting the reasons for, and the clinical outcomes of, veterinary examinations changed from a paper-based reporting process to an online system ('Infohorse database'). The impact of this change in reporting process was examined using the official reports from three racing seasons (2019/20 to 2021/22). The introduction of the online system did not alter the incidence of reporting events or veterinary examinations. The online system did reduce the errors in reporting events (such as misspelt horse names). The online system also improved the description of the veterinary events and the reasons for the requested veterinary examination due to consistency in the descriptors used. The structured data entry framework of the online system permitted greater ability to identify or differentiate the primary clinical presentation and the incidental or associated findings. The online system provided a more structured dataset compared to the paper-based system, making it a useful tool for the monitoring of injuries and potential risk factors within Thoroughbred racing in New Zealand. Therefore, the racing industry can meet its duty of care for racehorse and jockey welfare by making evidence-based changes to the management and structure of racing. In the 2019/20 Thoroughbred racing season, the paper-based reporting process of stipendiary steward reports was upgraded to an online system ('Infohorse database') to allow for the rapid entry of precise event and injury data. The objectives of this study were to describe the incident and non-incident examinations during the 2019/20, 2020/21, and 2021/22 Thoroughbred flat racing seasons in New Zealand and describe the primary injury and reporting outcomes. The introduction of the online system was associated with fewer miscoding events with horse identification (0.1%). An improvement in the definition and prompts in reporting within the online system compared with the previous paper-based system resulted in a greater frequency of non-incident examinations being undertaken. The increased frequency of reporting the clinical outcome, 'no observable abnormalities detected' (NOAD), demonstrates the role of stipendiary stewards to carry out routine screening. The frequency of most clinical findings, such as musculoskeletal fractures (0.5 per 1000 starts, 95% CI = 0.3–0.6), remained similar compared to previously reported data using the paper-based system. The online system provided a more structured dataset compared with the paper-based system, making it a useful tool for the monitoring of incidents, injuries, and potential risk factors within Thoroughbred racing in New Zealand. Therefore, evidence-based changes to the management and structure of racing can be undertaken to ensure the industry meets its duty of care for racehorse and jockey welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Categorisation of cats: Managing boundary felids in Aotearoa New Zealand and Britain.
- Author
-
Palmer, Alexandra and Thomas, Virginia
- Subjects
FERAL cats ,WILDLIFE conservation ,GAME & game-birds ,ANIMAL welfare ,CATS - Abstract
Management of domestic and wild animals is an integral part of conservation and is often based on how an animal is categorised. For example, feral cats are often killed, while valued companion cats and native wildcats are protected.Drawing on qualitative research and using the concept of boundary‐work, this paper examines the complex categorisation and management of cats within conservation in Britain and Aotearoa, New Zealand (NZ). We examine how, both in theory and in practice, valued companion and wildcats are distinguished from unprotected feral cats, and in‐between categories of stray and hybrid cats.We demonstrate that stakeholders draw boundaries between cat categories differently. These differences in boundary‐drawing reflect the inherent blurriness of category boundaries, practical challenges and, importantly, differences in values, in particular whether priority is placed on the life of the cat or the cat's potential victim, particularly native or game birds. This can mean that laws outlining protections for specific categories of animals have limited effect if, in practice, those encountering cats draw boundaries differently.This paper also reports on important differences between the two case studies. In NZ, even cat advocates support the humane killing of unambiguously feral cats while this is less true in Britain. Furthermore, due to the nature of the contexts, conservationists in NZ are more inclined to assume that ambiguous cats are feral whereas conservationists in Britain are more inclined to assume that they are wildcats.This paper demonstrates that values not only shape people's perceptions and treatment of animals but also how they draw boundaries between them. This finding may have important implications for understanding other controversies in conservation and animal management. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.