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The paper deals with the implementation of marketing in social innovations, types of marketing, and the effects they can bring in the sphere of social innovations. The principal aim of the paper is to explain the possibilities of marketing approach implementation in social innovations and point out some specific areas of marketing which can contribute to more efficient applicability of social innovations and reaching a desirable change with social added value. The authors focused on the sphere of health and the population attitudes to its protection, emphasizing breast carcinoma prevention. The research was implemented on a sample of Slovak women to identify the level of women’s awareness of this issue, whether they are familiar with the methods of protecting their health and whether they use them. This study involved the methods of cluster analysis and binary logistic regression. The research uncovered the facts that are truly alarming from the perspective of societal benefit and women’s health protection. The respondents’ insufficient awareness and low activity in the field of their health protection result in the low level of prevention in this area on the side of women and on the side of medical doctors – specialists, particularly gynecologists. Such a situation includes the women’s insufficient awareness of prevention, low motivation, insufficient accessibility and validity of the needed data and precision, and doctor specialists’ lack of awareness of the possibilities and tools available to improve this area. That is exactly the space allowing for the use of marketing in a whole spectrum of its tools and processes and specific solutions capable of delivering the desired societal change and influencing women’s behavior in the preferred direction. Besides, it is especially effective to implement social marketing and social marketing programs that would mediate necessary information to the receivers and stimulate their motivation towards the desired approach to their health protection. The use of neuromarketing would be beneficial. It would be reflected in the better accuracy of the survey and thus the higher quality of the answers obtained. Based on them, it is subsequently possible to create better-targeted campaigns and strategies of social marketing that would approach the target audience more effectively than in acquiring the information via traditional marketing research methods. The findings would benefit marketing agencies, medical doctors (gynecologists, mammologists), and non-profit organizations actively working in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates the role of knowledge management and safety compliance in OECD economies and applies some recommendations for the Jordan industrial sector. This study reveals the main problems with safety compliance which are resulted in fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries. The main purpose is to determine the innovation and economic factors that influence safety compliance to provide a relevant recommendation for improving the situation. The research object is chosen as countries because they present generalized information on safety compliance and provide an opportunity to develop some policy recommendations. In the frame of the paper investigation of the knowledge management and safety compliance was carried out in the following logical sequence: first, it provides the relevant literature review, then it discusses methodology and data description, and at last, it presents empirical results with policy recommendation and conclusions. There was collected a panel data for 29 OECD economies on such indicators as fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries per 100 000 workers, wealth, energy efficiency indicators, gross fixed capital formation, patent applications, high-technology exports and manufacturing value-added. Methodological tools of the research were the random effect estimations in Stata for the latest available data 2010-2015. The obtained results showed that the increase in GDP per capita in selected OECD economies reduces the fatal occupational injuries per 100 000 workers. Thus, an increase in GDP per capita by 1000 USD lead to decrease in fatal occupational injuries per 100000 workers by 0,039. Also, an increase in GDP per capita by 1000 USD leads to an increase in non-fatal occupational injuries per 100000 workers by 7,8. The other important innovation variables are high technological export and patent application by residents, which reduce the level of non-fatal occupational injuries. Systematization of literary sources and approaches for solving the problem of safety compliance indicates that both economic and innovation parameters have to be addressed to reduce the fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries. The results of this research can be useful for policy-makers who are responsible for knowledge management and safety compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The negative effect of income inequality on economic growth represents a topic that constitutes a broad topic of research in the standard economic theory. One of the immediate consequences of income inequality is diminished consumption. Many «poor» customers cannot provide sufficient demand for the producers, causing overproduction that might lead to an economic crisis. It constitutes a problem because sustainable economic performance needs to be achieved under the conditions of income inequality. Reducing social and economic inequality in countries is an essential step towards ensuring that no one is left behind. It is also part of the 10th Sustainable Development Goal aimed to reduce it by 2030. Inequality is based on the income distribution between the top 1% and the bottom 99% of households in any given country. The degree of inequality could play a beneficial role if it is driven by market forces and is associated with incentives to increase growth. In developing and emerging countries, greater equality and improvements in living standards are needed to enable populations to flourish. Inequality reduction is one of the most critical steps a government could take to improve the well-being of its population. The income inequality growth increases human capital in poor countries and reduces it in high and middle-income countries. In poorer countries, it increases them, but in higher -- and middle-income countries, it reduces them. Income inequality could be reduced by improving human capital and general skill levels, correcting labor-market policies, and making better use of financial services. In turn, sustainable economic growth could reverse the negative effects of inequality, reducing the need for high-wage and higher-earning households. Thus, it provides higher economic growth. This paper discusses three ways to circumvent the impact of decreasing consumption on economic growth adopted in developing economies over the last fifty years, such as increasing exports, providing loans for consumption, and printing new money. The findings showed that none of these methods seem to be sustainable in the long run. Thus novel and innovative mechanisms that would allow our economy to reduce inequality are necessary and need to be put into place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the issues on banking competition interaction, the banking system's stability and efficiency. This research aims to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the banking competition that consists of structural and non-structural methods under the institutional changes' impact. The paper presents how this influences the banking system of Ukraine through its reformation in the banking competition level and how it interacts with indicators of stability and efficiency of the banks. In this study's frame, the authors applied a developed approach to the modified model of Panzar-Rosse regarding the banking activity in Ukraine after it has been rebooted and «cleansed of». The systematization of the scientific background and approaches to assessing the level of banking competition in Ukraine noted that, generally, native authors used only one of the methods to assess the level of competition in the banking industry of Ukraine. Besides, their studies focused on the pre-crisis period, when these innovations hadn't significantly affected the banks' activity changes. The importance of solving this scientific problem is identifying problems in the banking system and taking measures to eliminate them, using the comprehensive assessment of the banking competition level, considering the explanatory indicators of the banks' stability. This issue became critical after a significant reduction in the number of banking institutions in Ukraine and the change in the institutional structure of the banking system of Ukraine under the influence of financial innovations. The study into assessing the level of competition in the banking market of Ukraine is carried out in the following logical sequence: 1) considering the studies on the given subject; 2) describing the existing methods for assessing competition in the banking industry; 3) describing the proposed modified methods of the assessing the level of banking competition; 4) providing proposals regarding the improving banking competition in Ukraine. The study's period is 2015-2019. The research object is the banking system of Ukraine. The article presents an empirical analysis of the current level of competition in the banking market of Ukraine. The findings showed that the banking sector of Ukraine is characterized by monopolistic competition, which is characterized by increasing concentration in the market of the state-owned banks. The study empirically confirms and theoretically proves that some Ukrainian banks have increased their market share due to a decrease in the number of banks in recent years due to the influence of digital transformation. The results of this study could be beneficial for the use of proposed innovative approaches to assessing the level of banking competition in Ukraine in the future, for the bank owners (including small ones), also on proposals for the perspective development of neo-banks in Ukraine, in which there is a need not only for the banking system but also for the users of banking services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic publishing has always been open to innovations of various kinds. Publications in prestigious academic journals have a significant impact on the institutional rankings and funding. Most recently, the question "where" to publish became more important than "what" to publish. However, the existing system is often abused by many academics. Czech Republic is one of the countries that seem to be particularly obsessed with the issue of "predatory" journals, which led to numerous accusations and even paid mass media involvement. Yet, everyone in the Czech Republic (including the top officials of the country’s leading universities as well as the Czech Academy of Sciences) has been or is publishing papers in the journals that were once considered “predatory” according to “Beall’s List” (for example journals published by MDPI or Hindawi). A plethora of Czech academic got their promotions based on publishing their monographs in obscure Czech publishing houses located in apartment blocks and listing non-existing people on their scientific boards, or publishing their numerous papers in the journals are editors of without any peer review (a famous “Stöckelová controversy”). Between 2009 and 2013, Czech universities made approximately $2 million on payments from government funding as rewards for papers and monographs published in "predatory" publishing outlets. Yet, the case of "predatory" journals has been used by some mediocre Czech (social) scientists to question the system of world's established academic metrics represented by Scopus and Web of Science. However, the creation of local publication standards would enable small groups of academics to control job promotions within the research instructions and universities and influence the division of state funding envisaged for supporting research and innovations. International academic databases, such as Scopus and Web of Science, ensure the transparency and objectivity and thence represent the best way of measuring the scientific output and productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The business sector represents one of the most important parts of the modern economy. It creates and secures most products and services, contributing to most of the sales tax revenues. Business development is not possible without creating a favourable business environment and suitable conditions for creating and entering new business into the market. This paper focuses on the evaluation of some business environment factors in starting a business. Attention is attended to the business environment and funding activities management, including the managerial assessment of proactive, innovative, and business-supporting activities. Besides, this study encompasses the issues of obstacles and barriers to starting a business. The interest of the article is to point out the state and problems in the field of start-up entrepreneurs and the importance of supporting motivational factors and removing barriers by improving the business environment. Methodological tools of the research are classical methods of science analytics, synthesis, and data selection. The basic heuristic approach consists of professional literature on the subject matter, and secondary sources obtained from European Commission, Eurostat - Flash Barometer, and the World Bank to monitor selected indicators of the business environment and SMEs in Slovakia, EU-27 countries and the world. The primary information was represented with the questionnaire-based survey conducted throughout the Slovak Republic, in which a total count of 426 respondents participated. For hypothesis testing, the Friedman Test, Kolmogorov - Smirnov test, and Kruskal - Wallis test was used. The empiric results confirmed the significant differences between motivational factors for starting doing business. At the same time, there are still significant barriers to enter the business in Slovakia, which considerably limit the further development of doing business in Slovakia. The article provides recommendations for improving the business environment's current status and entering into business in the Slovak Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper provides estimates of consequences of lacking mechanisms for implementing innovative priorities in industry for the economy of Ukraine. It is summed up that the key structural problem of Ukrainian industry is the weak innovation potential, which has worsened the already volatile competitive position of a number of national key industries in world markets. Recommendations for bringing experience and best world practices to Ukraine, in particular -- of EU member states with successful national innovation systems and effective tools for attracting private capital in innovation, were critically assessed. The preconditions and key trends of transformations in the policy of financing innovations of key world players (EU, USA, China) are highlighted. The practical experience and institutional transformations' peculiarities, aimed at activation of innovations financing in France, are generalized. One of the main shortcomings of the existing organizational and institutional management system for research and innovation in Ukraine is the lack of a structure, functionally aimed at industrial and innovative development of the national economy. It is emphasized that the dispersion of the function of formation and implementation of industrial policy (assigned to the Ministry of Economic Development) and innovation (within the competence of the Ministry of Education and Science) resulted in the loss of a number of competencies and positions of national industrial producers in national and foreign markets, as well as weak position in "trade wars". In order to counteract further degradation of the national industry and increase innovation potential in Ukraine, it is offered to create a fundamentally new, multifunctional body of state industrial management, combining the tools of industrial, technological and innovation policy with education and human capital policy. It is noted that the concretization of the authors' proposals will require further research both in terms of the existence of "windows of opportunity" that do not open at the stages of changing technoeconomic paradigms, and the real potential of institutional transformations in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to identify the role of innovations in overcoming the problems arising out of activities within insurance companies. Against the background of fluctuating marketing environment and high level of business risks, the staff of insurance companies is in high demand of scientifically substantiated recommendations on the very innovations which could bring business processes to more increased efficiency level. The research of innovative activities within insurance companies in this paper is done using the following logical sequence: the place of innovations in the deployment of 4 Industrial Revolutions and their role in the modern insurance business (within Ukraine and abroad) about its fundamental and subsidiary business processes is displayed; common problems of national insurance companies and selected risk factors varying in terms of customer market (B2B or B2C), experience and foreign capital participation are described; the most practical innovative solutions for mitigation of identified risks in activities within insurance companies are suggested. The research presents the results of the sample survey of 52 insurance companies. The survey focused on hypotheses relating to as follows: threats to the business environment of insurance companies; directions for employment of innovations to develop insurance companies' business; differences in assessment of threats to business environment; differences in opportunities and directions of innovations. IBM SPSS 20 software was used for processing of the data obtained. The following research methods were used to analyse the data: frequency distribution of variables, cross-tabulation and nonparametric tests of variables. The research confirms that from 51.5 to 77% of Ukrainian insurance companies are faced with some difficulties in their performance. The risk factors being the most relevant for insurance companies are low paying capacity of customers at the insurance market (1st place), high competition (2nd place), imperfect legislation (3rd place). The research identified the following significant problems associated with company internal environment: lacking a definite strategic business development plan (1st place), problems involving qualified staff (2nd place) and problems with the interaction of structural units (3rd place). The research empirically lends support to specific directions of putting into practice and nature of innovations necessary for countering specific threats in their activities. Research findings can be of some practical value for improved efficiency of business processes both for Ukrainian and foreign insurance companies operating under the conditions of ever-changing factors of the business environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates how to model causes and measure the consequences of cultural tourism by evaluating the economic and cultural impacts caused by cultural tourist attractions. The paper introduces a novel approach both to building the comprehensive literature review and constructing the methodology and the toolbox for investigating the economic and cultural impacts of tourism marketing. The results and findings of this paper might be useful for stakeholders, policy-makers and tourism professionals both in public and private spheres. Moreover, the paper sheds some light on the role of innovations in enhancing the economic and cultural impact of tourism in tourism marketing. These findings might be of some interest both for tourism marketing professionals and marketologists pursuing new strategies for increasing the impact of tourism marketing in old and new destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the article. Development of regional economy potential is a sophisticated and dynamic process which depends on many external and internal factors. The increase in quantity of knowledge intensive and innovation products is considered to be one of the indicators of competitiveness and positive development of national economy. The aim of the paper is to analyze the impact of innovation activities on the environment and economic development of the national economy. Panel data analysis for 25 Ukrainian regions was used to estimate economic development - innovation relations. There was used panel data for per capita incomes, innovation expenditures, stock of fixed capital and non-renewable energy resources consumption covering the period from 2005 to 2013. There was performed a Hausman specification test and results were in favor of general least square random effect regression for data analysis. The results of the analysis. The results suggest the presence of direct links between population incomes, innovation expenditures and nonrenewable resources usage. The article states that Ecoinnovations do perform a role of fluctuations in economic systems development and may result in different unexpected effects including the growth of air pollution or increase the rate of non-renewable resources consumption. The empiric research shows that annual increase of innovation spending on ten million UAH leads to an increase in non-renewable energy resources consumption on 8.7 million tons in a region. The innovation expenditures with minimal effect do increase the missions of air pollutants. The paper states that one of the reasons of negative innovation expenditures impact on environment situation in Ukraine is due to the fact that the core of Ukrainian industrial production (before the war and social and economic crisis) was associated with mining, mechanical engineering, metallurgical and chemical products. A significant number of additional innovations in above mentioned sectors were related to environmental pollution due to the existence of rebound effects. It is underlined that any negative resource fluctuations are reflected in the memory of ecological, economic and socio-economic systems through incorporating adaptation and/or bifurcation mechanism of development. Also the increase in number of innovations by domestic enterprises is correlated with the growth of non-renewable energy resources consumption. Conclusions and perspectives of further research. The increase in innovation expenditures do statistically significantly increase with minimal absolute effect the air emissions per one square kilometer. Also the same is true for non-renewable energy resources consumption and the higher the innovation expenditures in a region the more of non-renewable energy resources is consumed. The perspectives of further research are related with more deep analysis of innovations and innovation expenditures classification, since not all innovations presented by official data are true innovations and moreover they not related to eco-innovations. In general it is eco-innovations would include new or modified process, technologies, and products which contribute to environmental sustainability and minimize damage to water, air and soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper looks into global trends in development of digital information and communication technologies within the concept of Industry-4.0 as well as means for their introduction into public administration and regulation practices. Present-day problemsof monitoring energy flows and developing the energy balance of national economy are reviewed. Some directions for improving an institutional as well as organizational and methodological support to monitoring of national energy flows on the basis of contemporary digital technologies are substantiated. The Concept of development of digital economy and society of Ukraine for a period of 2018-2020 outlines some prospects of transition to a radically new paradigm of the socio-economic development of our country: from a predominantly raw-material type of economy, mainly focused on consumption of natural resources, to high-tech industries which efficiency is achieved owing to the use of digital processes and resources produced with the help of IT technologies and up-to-date communication means. A Plan of immediate actions in implementation of the above Concept provides for development of solutions for encouraging the applicationof the Industry 4.0 technologies for efficient (rational) consumption of power at industrial facilities. Digital monitoring of energy and relevant financial flows, which will allow in the first place to develop a reliable energy balance of national economy and assess the efficiency level and directions for its structure improvement, is to become the basic information and communication platform for such solutions. The second, not less important, result which can be achieved once a digital monitoring system is introduced at the national level is creation of conditions for objective determination (rather than 'economic justification' by monopolists) of prices for energy resources as well as housing and utility services as the basis for effective regulation of activities of natural monopolies and development of real competition in energy resource markets, which, in its turn, will raise the level of social trustin economic reforms of authorities in the field of power engineering and energy efficiency. The digital monitoring system comprises many aspects of handling the issues of energy efficiency and energy saving, which will become the object of future studies on the basis of a by then new information platform, specifically: elaboration and introduction of a package of unified organizational, technical, communicative, information, software means and techniques for formation of all kinds of energy balances and monitoring of its indicators according to common standards as well as development of automated software and hardware tools for accounting and control of energy resource consumption and use of housing and utility services. Only the employment of up-to-date information and communication technologies will allow to improve transparence, reliability and comparability of consumption and payment accounting of fuel and energy resources on a real-time basis and, based on the above, to develop high-quality energy balances at all levels of the territorial productionhierarchy of administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, when a plethora of innovations found its way into the field of tourism marketing, the impact of the new technologies is likely to change the way international tourism will develop in the forthcoming decades. A very cheap but effective way how to innovate the traditional tourism marketing approach in cultural tourism destinations might be through game-like appsmartphone and tablet apps based in a cultural destination that would involve local stories, myths and legends and blend them with popular culture, represented by literary works and films. This paper explores the potential of the geolocation game app based on the events of "Operation Anthropoid" that took place in Prague in 1942. Our results demonstrate that geolocation games constitute very successful examples of innovations in tourism marketing that profit from novel technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper covers the features of applying innovations in the banking sector in Ukraine. It was found that for building customers' confidence and meeting their needs, banks shall continually improve the quality of services aided by active introduction of innovations. In order to clarify the peculiarities of innovation in the banking sector, the basic concepts of innovations and innovative activity were defined. The significance of globalization for the domestic banking system is determined. The list of positive effects of globalization on the application of innovation in banks is provided. The role of the innovative capacity of banks to implement innovation is characterized. The model of structured approach to innovative activity of a bank is built, which consists of resources required for introducing innovations, effect of external factors and factors of innovative activity of a bank. The components of an integrated approach to management of banking innovative activity are given. Classification of bank innovations is provided and the life cycle of innovative product is described, which includes three phases, namely growth, maturity and decline. The most current innovations being introduced by the banks are identified, such as mobile banking and Internet banking. The essence of mobile banking is described, which includes SMS informing about the operation on the account, the function of inquiry of the account balance, etc. Internet banking is separately described, which is being actively implemented by the banks in Ukraine in their practice of banking services. Classification of Internet banking services is provided, including basic services and optional services. The importance of such information innovations as applications for smartphones is outlined. It was established that innovations in the management system of banks in Ukraine take one of the leading roles and ensure their sustainable development. Through innovations financial institutions of Ukraine can capture positive and new trends not only in the domestic market of banking services but also go beyond it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates determinants and sources of innovation and competitiveness in the European Union. Our central hypothesis is that there are two main sources of competitiveness represented by the cost competitiveness and innovation (value added) competitiveness, with the latter being more important for the EU than the former. Unfortunately, econometric model was not sufficient enough to distinct the importance of innovations and more data are necessary to make clear conclusions. Nevertheless, some suggestions about the sources of innovation and the desired supports are presented and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates the state of innovation in the Ukrainian Black Sea region, identifies its major competitive advantages and problems. As one of the tools of overcoming of the negative trends in innovation in the Ukrainian Black Sea region is proposed the implementation of a "triad" innovation policy (science, education, business) within clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a theoretical synthesis and proposed a new solution to a scientific problem, which is based on application the formation mechanism of competitiveness in the domestic tourism industry through he introduction of tourism clusterization, innovation and marketing development model, promotion of the Ukrainian tourist product on the world tourism market. The purpose of this research is to draw attention to the need for Ukrainian society to the necessity of development and national implementation of measures for improving the image of Ukraine by promotion tourism potential and create brand Ukraine as a tourism state. In the paper the author tried to make the introduction of modern dynamic mechanism maintain the competitiveness of tourism, that are based on innovation and marketing approaches to management. The main task was the study of organizational-economic mechanism of improvement of the national tourism market and its convergence with the world one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]