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The article examines the current state of foreign trade in agri-food products based on the use of techniques and methods of statistical analysis. It was found that the export of these goods is developing most dynamically, as a result of which, starting from 2014, agricultural and food industry products become the main export product of Ukraine, and its share in the total export of goods reached 45.1% in 2020, which is much higher than a similar indicator for developed countries and indicates the presence of serious problems in other sectors of the economy. It was also noted that the export of these products provides the largest surplus in comparison with other goods, which affects the state of the country's trade balance. During the analysis, it was revealed that the basis of agri-food exports is plant products, mainly cereals and oilseeds, the sales of which are growing both absolutely and relatively, which indicates the predominantly raw nature of this type of activity. The study of the reasons for this nature of the commodity structure of the export of agri-food products shows that they are hidden in the peculiarities of domestic production. In agriculture, crop production is mainly growing. Livestock production, on the other hand, grows very slowly. There are serious problems in the food industry - insufficient production volumes, a limited range of products, and product quality, which is inferior to foreign goods, which explains the growth of imports of food products. A comparative analysis of the commodity structure of Ukraine and, less often, European countries shows that our competitors in the world market in their export policy are guided by the export of livestock products and finished food products, that is, products with high added value. In Poland and France, the sale of only these goods significantly exceeds the entire agri-food export of Ukraine. The paper emphasizes that the main way to improve the commodity structure is to increase responsible food production, which will increase the export of these products, reduce imports and increase the positive balance. On the basis of the conducted study, recommendations have been presented to improve the efficiency of foreign trade in agri-food products in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The national innovation systems (NIS) development is characterized by many heterogeneous factors with non-obvious causal connections and an uncertain power of influence on the result. The situation is complicated by the turbulence of the environment caused by the processes of globalization and the formation of a new industry. Considering that country's innovation system is being transformed within the framework of certain supranational conditions and together with them, the paper proposes a scientific and practical toolkit for NIS regulation in terms of justifying a set of priority target regulators that can be effectively influenced in the context of all its components, taking into account the glocalization aspect - opportunities for optimizing local features and global trends. The scientific and methodological approach is based on the analysis of 136 world's economies in the context of the Quadruple helix model, which takes into account the co-evolutionary interaction of all NIS complexes. At the same time, the deductive method of generalization was used, when first, a cluster analysis is carried out on an expanded set of indicators, and then, based on the methods of genetic algorithms, ranking and Pareto-selection, the most significant indicators for regulation are selected without loss of representativeness of the sample. Based on the study results, four basic types of transnational innovation systems (TNIS) have been identified, to which, with one approximation or another, all national macroeconomics in the world can be attributed. It is proved that the motion vectors of each individual NIS, on the one hand, are different, on the other - can be significantly limited by the specificity of its TNIS type. On the Poland's case two pools of regulatory indicators are identified, which are recommended for the formation of targets for the NIS development, taking into account its specificity and orientation to either a cluster leader or a world one. Precisely these pools must determine the imperatives that can be effectively influenced by the government within their functions and powers. By changes' modeling in the development vector of Poland's NIS is demonstrated the glocalization complexity in the innovation sphere. The main local reactions of countries to global challenges is summarized. The practical prospect of the study lies in the possibility of conducting variable analytical and predictive studies of the directions of innovative development of a particular country in the context of global and cluster trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of the church, inter-confessional relations and religious policies of the state is one of the developing areas of today's historical studies. An increasing number of special historical researches, papers, articles devoted to these issues, covering different periods in the history of our country, were a proof to that. Such interest is well justified as Ukraine is a country with complex ethnical and confessional set-up. This calls for deep insight into the history of relations between different confessions in the past. The article analyses specific features of the church policies of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth during the four year parliament (Sejm) of 1788-1791, acts of law adopted in that period that set legal grounds for the status of the Orthodox Church in the state, and studies the interpretation of those events and documents by church historian V. Bednov. Special attention was paid to the analysis of the actions of the Polish authorities to be avoided in today's church policies or, alternatively, to be encouraged today to maintain public peace and inter-confessional dialogue in the country. In his work, V. Bednov described in details all clauses of the Resolution of the General Congregation held in Pinsk, which were later legitimised by the Polish parliament (1791) and confirmed in the special Sejm constitution. This document was intended to dramatically change the status of the Orthodox Church in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Yet, time was lost, and prejudices that prevented the document from being adopted without limitations became one of the factors further resulting in the disappearance of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as an independent state after the second (1793) and third (1795) partitions. These prejudices did not help to resolve controversies between Catholic, Uniate and Orthodox Christians either. The work of V. Bednov analysing the above issues was highly praised by his contemporaries. Yet, the scholar never returned to this topic in his studies, which makes this area very promising for modern researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]