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The article examines the current state of foreign trade in agri-food products based on the use of techniques and methods of statistical analysis. It was found that the export of these goods is developing most dynamically, as a result of which, starting from 2014, agricultural and food industry products become the main export product of Ukraine, and its share in the total export of goods reached 45.1% in 2020, which is much higher than a similar indicator for developed countries and indicates the presence of serious problems in other sectors of the economy. It was also noted that the export of these products provides the largest surplus in comparison with other goods, which affects the state of the country's trade balance. During the analysis, it was revealed that the basis of agri-food exports is plant products, mainly cereals and oilseeds, the sales of which are growing both absolutely and relatively, which indicates the predominantly raw nature of this type of activity. The study of the reasons for this nature of the commodity structure of the export of agri-food products shows that they are hidden in the peculiarities of domestic production. In agriculture, crop production is mainly growing. Livestock production, on the other hand, grows very slowly. There are serious problems in the food industry - insufficient production volumes, a limited range of products, and product quality, which is inferior to foreign goods, which explains the growth of imports of food products. A comparative analysis of the commodity structure of Ukraine and, less often, European countries shows that our competitors in the world market in their export policy are guided by the export of livestock products and finished food products, that is, products with high added value. In Poland and France, the sale of only these goods significantly exceeds the entire agri-food export of Ukraine. The paper emphasizes that the main way to improve the commodity structure is to increase responsible food production, which will increase the export of these products, reduce imports and increase the positive balance. On the basis of the conducted study, recommendations have been presented to improve the efficiency of foreign trade in agri-food products in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, Ukraine has been Increasing the import of agri-food products at a rate that signfiicantly exceeds the rate of increase іп exports. As a result, the Import-export coverage ratio is decreasing, and for many commodity groups and commodity items, instead of a positive trade baiance, a negative one appears. This article is devoted to the study of the formation of volume, dynamics, structure and reasons for the increase in the cost of imports based on the use of inethods and techniques of economic and statistical analysis. The paper states that the main reason for the increase in the volume and value of imports is the disproportion between the Iow growth rates of domestic production of agricultural and food industry products and the high growth rates of household incomes. The Iatter circumstance contributes to the formation of a constantly growing demand and a shortage of goods for individual commodity items, which is covered by an increase іп imports. The analysis of the commodity and geographic structures of imports of goods of four product sections was carried out in accordance with UKTVED. It has been estaЫished that for a number of commodity groups and commodity items of the first, second and fourth sections, imports increase for such types of products for the production of which Ukraine has the necessary conditions (Iivestock products, vegetaЫes, fruits, berries, seeds of cereals and oilseeds, most of the commodity food groups). Increasing the production of these types of products can significantly reduce their imports. For products of other commodity groups and commodity items in Ukraine, there are no necessary conditions (tropical crops, fish and crustaceans, etc.) and the cost of imports is determined by the financial capabilities of importers. The study of the geographicaI structure shows that the main exporters of agri-food products to Ukraine are the countriea of the European Union, which fully use the conditions of the free trade zone with Ukraine and are the main suppliers of products of the first and fourth sections (products of animal origin, some prepared food ргоducts). It is for these types of goods that a significant negative ЬаІапсе is formed in trade with the EU соuntries. . It has аІао been estaЫished that imports from other regiona of the world take pIace mainly for thoae types of products that are not produced in Ukraine. The conclusions provide recommendations that relate to the possibilities of reducing imports, mainly Ьу increasing domestic production, without excluding the use of administrative regulation for certain types of goods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the study of the relationship between agricultural development of and agricultural engineering. Production output of certain types of machines and equipment for agriculture are examined. The dynamics of production performance in plant growing and stockbreeding is analyzed. The dynamics of such agricultural development indices as net income, subsidies, taxes, net value added, fixed capital application, etc. are considered. The tripling of output and a steady growth of net profit of agricultural producers are established. It is proven that farm equipment upgrading is less active than net income growth, and thus it was determined that enterprises have the necessary financial resources to generate demand for agricultural machinery. The peculiarities of agricultural machinery production in Ukraine at the present stage are revealed, in particular the causes and consequences of such a situation in production machinery for agricultural enterprises. Two opposite trends in agricultural machinery production are identified, namely, the decline in the production of complex, expensive machinery and the increase in the production of less costly appliances. The condition of the durable equipment in agriculture is analyzed by identifying their value and the degree of wear. Consequences of the increase in the quantity and quality of used machinery in agriculture are revealed. The requirements of agricultural enterprises for the quality of agricultural machinery are identified, and their classification by the requirements for quality, value and service is worked out. The quality requirements include technical and functional characteristics; value requirements consist of equipment prices, discounts, and value-added services. Service requirements comprise quality assurance of information, organizational and maintenance services. In accordance with the established requirements, technical, organizational, economic and social ways to meet these requirements were developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose. The main objective of this paper is (і) to determinate the economic loss due to crop productivity loss caused by soil erosion in Ukraine, and (іі) to present the results of the econometric modeling of soil erosion impact on the efficiency crop production at the regional and district level. Methodology / approach. This study uses the following methods: expert assessments and monographic (for the assessment of economic losses due to crop productivity loss from spreading soil erosion); graphical (for building three-dimensional graphs); econometric modeling (to develop a mathematical model of the dependence of the gross crop production and income from sales per 100 hectares from the share of eroded arable land in its total area and production costs in crop industry per 100 hectares); abstract-and-logical (for generalization of the research results). To solve the assigned tasks, linear and quadratic econometric models (production functions) were developed using a dataset (і) from 168 observations (on the example of Ukrainian regions for 2010–2016) and (ii) from 189 observations (on the example of districts of Kharkiv region for 2010–2016). This study was conducted in order to test the hypothesis that the increase in the area of eroded arable land has a negative effect on the gross output of crop production. Results. Our expert assessment of economic losses due to crop productivity loss from spread of soil erosion on agricultural land in Ukraine is 224 mln USD. The obtained results confirm the hypothesis about the negative relationship between gross crop output and the level of land erosion. The obtained data confirm that an increase in the area of eroded arable land by 1 % leads to a decrease in the gross output of crop production by 0.20 % per 100 hectares of agricultural land in total, and in the third group of the studied subjects (the share of eroded arable land in their total area is more than 50 %) – by 0.61 %, respectively. Originality / scientific novelty. For the first time, linear and nonlinear (quadratic) econometric models were developed, which made it possible to carry out quantitative assessment of the impact of the soil erosion and the financial support (production costs in crop industry) per hectare on the formation of the financial results (gross crop output and income) of business entities in Ukrainian agriculture. The provision on the economics of soil erosion was further developed in terms of expert assessment of losses from this type of degradation and confirmation of the effect of the economic law of diminishing returns, which should be taken into account when developing measures for sustainable land management. Practical value / implications. The main results of the study can be used for the development, substantiation and implementation of soil protection measures for the sustainable use of agricultural land and/or to informed decision-making at different levels of management concerning restoration of eroded land.

Copyright of Ekonomika APK is the property of Economy of Argo-Industrial Complex and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)