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The purpose of the article is to investigate one of the aspects of the professional activity of the Ukrainian singer Zoia Gaidai in the 1930s, namely her participation in music competitions during the establishment of the Soviet totalitarian regime. As part of the research, we aim to show the specifics of their organisation and holding, the scale of those creative events, and their significance for the professional development of the professional singer. The research methodology consists in the application of the source study method to analyse archival documents that contain information about Zoia Gaidai's participation of in music competitions, as well as to study other materials on the topic of the research. The specifically historical method helps to highlight the socio-political processes against which the music competitions took place. The biobibliographic method enables determining the place of this aspect of the singer's activity in her creative biography. General scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, generalisation) are applied in order to thoroughly study the issue and draw reasoned conclusions. The scientific novelty of the paper consists in the expansion of information about Z. Gaidai's creative activity in the 1930s, which was supplemented by her participation in music competitions, in the assessment of the level of these competitions, their specificity and opportunities for the achievement of professional aspirations. Conclusions. The performed analysis and evaluation of the results of Z. Gaidai's participation in the music competitions of 1933 and 1937 helped to reveal the level of her professional competence and professional aspirations. Despite the challenges of those difficult years, the singer managed to win the laureate title of the All-Ukrainian and All-Union competitions, which had a positive effect on the development of her career as a performer. However, the political situation in the USSR did not contribute to the fruition of the dreams to study in Italy, thereby depriving the Ukrainian artist of the opportunity to improve her professional skills and test her talent on the international stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to introduce into scientific turnover the little-known drawings of the outstanding Ukrainian realist painter of the mid-20th century, professor of the Kyiv State Art Institute, Karpo Demianovych Trokhymenko, made during the evacuation to Ufa in the period of the Great Patriotic War. The methodology of the work is based on the principles of art history, figurative and stylistic, systematic and comparative analysis, as well as historical and contextual methods. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the definition of the role of drawing in the creative heritage of Karpo Trokhymenko of the period 1941-1944. In the portrait sketches made by Karpo Trokhymenko for the picture ―Meeting of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in Ufa‖, the difference in relation to the expressive means of art destroyed at the time of the avant-garde and finally formed social realism are clearly traced. The point, line, and plane as the leading artistic elements of the avant-garde are losing their significance, remaining to a certain extent only in the arsenal of graphic artists. Tone, light and shade gradations and energy of light acquire a special significance in the drawing of the easel painters. Conclusions. By analyzing the figurative and stylistic structure and technique of the portrait works, the peculiarities of drawing in the artist‘s asset, in particular, the attention to creating an air environment, are revealed. In the drawings of Karpo Trokhymenko, the line has no intrinsic value and is perceived only as of the part of light and shadow, dissolving in the overall tone spot. The color plays an important role in the drawings of Karpo Trokhymenko. The works made within the complex warmth and coolness of colored paper, silver graphite pencil, colored pencils and chalk and acquire the significance of independent works. A set of portraits of outstanding Ukrainian scientists - academicians, artists, writers created by Karpo Trokhymenko, has not only documentary, historical and cultural value, but is a significant monument of Ukrainian easel drawing of the Great Patriotic War period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]