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In Mexico, during the 2012-2018 six-year term, the National Crusade against Hunger (CNCH) was implemented, in which social participation played a central role in combating the lack of access to food and promoting social welfare. With the creation of Community Committees and the support from promoter staff, this strategy aimed to strengthen and ensure the active and constant involvement of the population; however, there were a number of factors that had an impact on the difficulties in achieving sustained community participation. The objective of this paper is to show the factors that limited social participation in the implementation of the CNCH in Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico, through the voices of the implementing staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Large Technological System (LTS) is a central concept in the epistemologies of Action-Network Theories (ant), related with poststructuralist epistemologies, and an important tool for the analysis of territorial systems. In this paper, we will use the lts concept to examine the hydrologic system of the Metropolitan Area of Bogotá, making emphasis on three aspects: the natural structure, the technological complex, and the normative framework. The goal was to explore the metropolitan geopolitics of water use in La Sabana de Bogotá and the particularities in the water governance, highlighting the incidence of municipalism and the interaction of a wide group of private, governmental, and civic actors. It was examined the physical infrastructure provided by the Empresa de Acueducto y Alcantarillado de Bogotá (eab-esp) that works as a quasi-monopoly actor in water management as well as their interaction with the highly autonomous municipalities. Other actors such as the real estate, floriculture, mining, and dairy activities was included in the analysis. The report gives special attention to the highly complex relationships between them and how they work in a complex and multiscale normative framework. The text concludes emphasizing the different challenges of water governance in a context of rapid metropolisation, complexing economic relations and climate and environmental change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public green spaces (PGS) on the shores of the Limay River in Neuquen Metropolitan Area (AMN, for its acronym in Spanish) can represent tools for water management. For the design of such instruments, it is important to know the local dynamics of hydrometeorological threats. The aim of this paper is to analyze, from a historical perspective based on the digital written press, the occurrence of events related to hydrometeorological threats in the AMN and, most precisely, around the PGS located on the coast of the Limay River for the period 1999-2020. 131 journalistic articles were surveyed and the information collected was validated through hydrometeorological databases. The methodology classifies events according to origin and nature, as well as characterizing them according to their physical characteristics; consequent damages in urban, periurban and rural areas; actors from different jurisdictions and adopted actions. Before and during the events soft measures prevailed while hard measures prevailed after them. Specifically, the consequences in EVP result in hindrances for its exploitation by users. Historical records provide initial, useful and comprehensive information for the analysis of the incidence of water processes in cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to address the issue of territorial transformation simultaneously trying to account for the materiality of the territory and the social relations, we intend to test in a case study a methodological framework that articulates two analytical approaches from different disciplines. The first one is the intentional drawing of the territory as a means of interpretation and generation of new knowledge; and the second one is the analysis of the actors involved in the process of territorial transformation, understood as a process of actions and decisions. The paper presents the case of neighbourhood Sumay Pacha, on the peripheries of the cities of Tilcara and Maimará in the Province of Jujuy (Argentina), from which we discuss conceptual and methodological issues related to the analytical framework used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces some of the main elements that configure a paradigm shift in Communication, with the aim of providing a reflection on the ever-changing nature of both the World and our discipline. This is the time for publics and audiences; they embody the message's sense and its raison d'être. The present paper collects the results of two different research studies conducted at different times and with diverse actors and audiences, applying the eclectic method. Some of these findings are as follows: communication has changed due to the appearance of new screens (media) and new actors, who have now become "citizen celebrities". The Twenty First Century has arrived, bringing with it changes to our old paradigms. The new subjects act and live together in cyberspace; they select their own media and develop their own content. Reality is not really virtual, but it is enriched by these new screens (new media). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Actors within the soil management sub-system, their logic, interests and controversial relations in the process of urban transformation and current use pattern formation of the Luján river lower basin during the last ten years were identified within the conceptual framework of public policies. These interest groups' discourse and arguments have an impact on agenda creation, which is understood as the process of interest aggregation reflecting both the order of priority of social problems and the government's opinion of the situation. This paper analyzes written and oral texts and traces the various actors within this area of study as factors contributing to explain the reasons why certain topics are adopted as public problems and added to the government's agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results obtained from the work carried out for thirteen years are shown in this paper where professors and students have been linked to local institutions and the population in the process of research, training and university extension, to solve, in a trans disciplinary way, the most relevant problems in Cerro municipality. The results obtained during 13 years of work are shown in this community. During this period a vast number of teachers and students have been researching, and engaged in their formation and extracurricular processes with the local authorities, inhabitants, integral neighborhood workshops, municipal planning, local museums and culture authorities among other participants in order to solve the more crucial problems of Cerro community from a transdisciplinary point of view. The use of different methodologies in the designing process and the experiences in the workshops has been assessed to develop values on main participants and others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1990s marked the start of the urban transport modernization in the main cities of Venezuela, including Maracaibo, the second city. It. was formally managed from the Mayor's Office of Maracaibo, but involved a number of national and international actors in a process that became embedded into an urban transport model of foreign origin, linked to the need of aligning this activity with the market economy requirements. The purpose of this paper is to identify the policy that resulted in the end, the different actors involved, and the role played by each of them. The basis assumption is the scarce local participation in this process, which arose from multilateral organizations. The results reveal that: 1) The main actors involved in the policy structuring were: World Bank, Systra-Sofrrtu Consortium, Maracaibo Urban Mass Transport Institute (Instituto Municipal de Transporte Colectivo Urbano de la ciudad de Maracaibo --IMTCUMA--), National Urban Transport Fund (Fondo Nacional de Transporte Urbano --FONTUR--), Ministry of Infrastructure (MINFRA), former Ministry of Transport and Communications (MTC), La Universidad del Zulia, President's Transport Commission for the city of Maracaibo, Venezuelan Transport Board, Mayor's Office of Maracaibo, and Metro of Maracaibo; 2) The participation of these organizations was very varying, the World Bank playing the directing role, and the others in different levels as advisors and implementers; 3) The policy was addressed to: reducing workers commuting times; incorporating private companies into the transport sector; and giving priority to the service provision in commercial and industrial sectors. The conclusion is that the transport policy in the city of Maracaibo occurred with the participation of multilateral organizations and very little participation of the local government and users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If we accept that the local development go necessarily for the integral development of a region the actions that starting should to be related to the initiatives and actions of the local enterprises with the public administrations and with the others actors that participates in the local development process. In this perspective, in the formulation and execution of the politics, each one of the actors have own role. This paper reflection from a municipal experience, about of the enterprise, and the orientation of the local public manage for to transform the local space in opportunities context for to encourage the enterprise activity and the employment in the local development perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]