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There is a growth in the use of medicines in children and adolescents as never seen before. Schools, as recent studies show, contribute to this growth. In fact, even the State encourages teachers to be prepared to identify any indication of disorder. The fact that a large percentage of school-age people have a biological disorder is based on a conception of normal and pathological in which an average is taken as an ideal reference. However, the idea of normal and pathological can be put questioned based on a study that comes from medicine itself - this is the case of Georges Canguilhem's reflections. Although his work had no impact in medical ground, it was fundamental in human ground, because it offers a conception of normal with transformative potential. Normal would not be someone who follows an ideal norm, but someone who is able to establish a new norm. Canguilhem's conception, as it is intended to show, can lead us to rethink what we consider a disorder and it has a critical potential in school, as it brings the responsibility of listening to each case. In this paper, Canguilhem's innovative position will be presented and how it still gives us a possibility to rethink the idea of disorder in people of school-age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses how assumptions about the nature of childhood have been triggered in the confrontations about the legitimacy of gender and sexuality themes in education in contemporary Brazil. We analyse two practical-discursive pitfalls that have been consolidated in these confrontations. The first, forged by anti-gender discussion and education activists, consists in the narrative construction of vulnerable childhood to be protected, and triggers moral panic at the prospect of discussions about gender and sexuality in schools. The second, more subtle trap, concerns the situation of passivity attributed to students in the school context, who are considered to be the subjects of instruction by teachers, including those moments when gender and sexuality issues are addressed in the classroom. The image of a child-prisoner, passive and in danger made-up by the "gender ideologues," populates the narratives analysed in the first part of the paper. It allows us to discuss the political uses of the hyperinflation of this idea of child vulnerability. However, even in educational practices that invest in working gender and sexuality matters in school setting, we observe that children can be conceived as lacking agency, such as discussed in the paper's second part. In order to challenge these logics, we highlight the ludic dimension and playing with conceptual and methodological tools that can contribute to a non-pedagogizing approach to gender and sexuality in education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The teaching of indigenous history and culture in Brazil, although required by Brazilian federal law 11,645/2008, is still obfuscated by many variables such as racism and the lack of professional qualification of the teachers. In the specific case of Art History, its Eurocentric nature relegates indigenous artworks and styles to oblivion. Given such a situation, the present paper describes the making of and results of the digital workshops "Indigenous Arts for Teachers." The workshops congregated private school teachers, from public and private schools, from different regions of Brazil. They were developed through a virtual learning environment during the Covid-19 quarantine in Brazil in 2020. Following the principles of university extension, the workshops aimed to produce knowledge dialoguing with the nonacademic public, providing theoretic tools for the design of didactic sequences for children and teenagers based on the critic of eurocentrism in Arts and History. At the same time, as the supervisor presented theories and historical contextualization, the public brought their questions and contributions about indigenous arts. As a result, the participating teachers produced didactic material and sequences for their classrooms based on a decolonial perspective. We perceive that despite the lack of institutional support and academic information about indigenous history, the participating teachers displayed a profound interest in teaching indigenous culture to their students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper consists of presenting a proposal for a mechanical physics class through the scene of Gwen Stacy's death in Spider-Man stories. In the first section, the arguments and research that debate the efficiency of comics as a pedagogical tool and its relationship with physics and science in general are reviewed, rescuing the use of comics for the teaching of exact and nature sciences. It presents in a qualitative and quantitative way the concepts of mechanics involved in the death of the character and the curricular proposals for insertion in the classroom. Finally, it suggests in the form of results systems of organization and development of contents that can be explored in lesson plans, aiming to assist teachers in the task of teaching physics teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to describe the different teaching categories that exist in the public school system of São Paulo, discussing the problem of temporary contracting and its reflection on the precariousness of teaching work. Through documentary research, a historical-legal path was developed for the emergence of different teaching categories. From this, an exploratory research was carried out on the number of effective and non-effective teachers in the public school system of São Paulo. The research evidences the presence of a large number of teachers contracted in the state of São Paulo in recent years, which has consequences for the precariousness of teaching work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes social aspects involved in the emergence of transgender (male-to-female) teachers at school. We use the notions of outsiders and heteronormativity to analyze how these teachers remain in the teaching profession. We believe that the emergence of such teachers is related to new positions relative to notions of gender in human rights policies, specifically the struggles of social movements. Finally, we argue that the emergence of these teachers cannot be understood as suspension of heteronormativity, but as the emergence of new issues to consider in the school environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we intend to reflect on two topics present in the process of teaching and learning a Foreign Language/Second Language, which are directly related to the role of an autonomous and critical citizen that the school (regardless the level of education) forms. We refer, in a concrete way, on one hand, the objects of teaching and learning and, secondly, intercultural mediation that should guide the actions of the teacher. We present, finally, some activities coming from the classroom of Portuguese as Foreign and Second Language that show how these theoretical principles can be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: in the last two decades teacher's voice has been the target of many researches due to the high incidence of voice disturbances in this professional class; therefore, the need for these professionals to take part in actions that ensure the vocal health has been reinforced. Few papers in the literature describe vocal health programs and their results. Procedures: describe a Vocal Health Program of Educators from public schools (kinder garden and elementary schools) from the countryside of São Paulo inland, developed from 2002 to 2005, that was made up by basic voice group to offer essential theoretical and practical knowledge about vocal care, including the participants' vocal screening; advanced voice group to reorganize the phonation process and the voice use in classroom. Results: the average of 56% of total enrolment participated in the actions; 62.9% of voice disturbance is the result of vocal screening, most of it with discreet vocal deviation; 100% of participants referred 3 or more voice symptoms at the beginning of advanced voice group, and after the group had finished, 45% still had 4 to 13 symptoms; data about vocal self-perception show low scores in vocal impact in professional activities. Conclusion: the description showed the need for constant regulation of the program in order to reach its goals. The low participation in actions might be related to the discreet impact of voice in professional activities, although this fact requires further investigation. The highest measured benefit of the participation in the advanced vocal groups was the reduction in the volume e of vocal symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]