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Global warming has had an important impact on China’s agricultural production, especially the intensified uneven distribution of water and heat resources and the increased frequency of extreme weather, resulting in a significant increase in the risk of agricultural production. Alleviating a series of negative effects of climate warming on agricultural production has always been the focus of governments and scholars, and it is also the basis of realizing agricultural sustainable development. This paper summarizes the impact of climate warming on China’s agricultural production from five aspects: agricultural planting system and structural layout, agricultural diseases and pests, agricultural management, agricultural ecosystem and agricultural production potential. Based on the above specific impacts, the urgent problems faced by China's agricultural production are pointed out, and the countermeasures to reduce the impact of climate warming are put forward from the aspects of policy, technology, research and cooperation, in order to provide references for other governments to deal with the negative impact of global warming, and promote the sustainable development of agriculture.