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Despite the popularity of the term «innovation» in scientific researches of the XXI century there is no definition that would display the main properties of this category. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the essence of the notion of «innovation». The paper is devoted to the investigation of the main approaches to the notion of «innovation» consideration. The defining characteristics of this category were analyzed; the conditions of the transformation of a novelty into innovation were identified. The criteria of classification of the types of innovation, their peculiarities, advantages and disadvantages were determined. As a conclusion we give some recommendations for classification of innovation improvement and specify the category «innovative activity». We revealed that the views of scientists on the category of «innovation» are significantly different that can be explained by the specific of use of innovation, the particularity of the approach to the subject and object of research. We analyze the main features of the category and according to them specify the notion of «innovation» which can facilitate its scientific interpretation and practical using. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article proves the necessity of auditing of land leasing of agricultural enterprises: synthesize. The aim, the tasks and the objects of audit of agricultural land leasing are summarized and developed. The implementation of the recommended methodological approach to auditing allows to get all the necessary and sufficient audit evidence to form auditor's opinion on the legality of leases of land and reliability of the recording and reporting of agricultural enterprises. Based on the peculiarities of agricultural leasing the methods for auditing operations of land leasing are designed. Comparing to the existed approaches it is oriented to making the legal auding of leased land. To confirm and ensure the validity of the audit report the pack of auditor's working papers is formed, which allows to analyze and summarize the results of the auditing of land leasing transactions. The using of the proposed auditor's working documents provides the necessary level of the audit report validity and the control of all planned procedures on leasing transactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the most promising way of restructuring the financial system in Ukraine, in particular a single regulator (megaregulator), thus allowing to avoid contradictions in the system of state regulation and control in the financial sphere and create a stable basis for the successful integration of Ukraine into the global financial system. The main purpose of state financial agencies is stabilizing the financial system, taking into account the positives and drawbacks of state regulation in the financial sector. Reforms for regulation and supervision in the financial market of Ukraine should be implemented in four main areas: - unifying the rules and regulations of state regulation in the financial market with the gradual concentration of regulatory functions in a single state body; - separating supervisory functions from regulatory and implementing the system of prudential supervision in all major segments of the financial market; - increasing the role of self-regulatory organizations of professional participants and establishing their closer connection with regulatory bodies; - significant improvement in financing state regulators, including from market sources. The need to concentrate efforts on developing the mechanisms of the state influence on financial stability, system analysis and implementing measures to prevent systemic risks, ensuring effective management of the financial system liquidity, modernizing and improving the transparency of financial legislation and implementing existing legislative norms by all subjects of financial relations is noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The necessity of taking into account the ethical aspects when taking investment decisions in the company that is caused by an increasingly traceable trend of interest of external and internal enterprise environments in the ecological, social and ethical business responsibility is substantiated in the paper. Existing approaches to evaluating the corporate image are analyzed. The conclusion that currently there is no consensus on the corporate image assessment is drawn. It is revealed that in Ukraine and Russia scientists do not differentiate the concepts of «corporate image» and «corporate reputation». It is proposed to estimate the corporate image by identifying the attitude of particular representatives of certain target groups to the enterprise. The evaluation model of the probable impact of real investment project implementation on the corporate image - reputation component is developed. The value of the reputation component of specific real investment project is a convex linear combination of relevant (in the opinion of the decision maker) changes in the corporate reputation (in the opinion of the target groups) in the case of implementing this project. To find the values of weight coefficients, being integral parts of the developed model, we find possible to use the hierarchy analysis method. In the case when true values of the experts' competence levels are unknown, the values of weight coefficients can be estimated using the matrix model for assessing the values of these coefficients, i.e. using the model for estimating the values of weight coefficients, based on the solution of the corresponding matrix game. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper the models of socially-oriented economies are characterized. It is revealed the concept of social market economy and social functions of the state. The composition of social policy is determined. It is characterized such models of socially-oriented economies as continental, Anglo-Saxon, Scandinavian, Southern European, neoliberal and paternalistic. It is proved that the most successful version of the welfare state is a Scandinavian welfare model. It is conducted the comparison of the social economy models. It is defined the criteria by which models of the social market economy differ. It is proved that under current economic conditions a new paradigm of social policy that combines three forces: state, market and civil society. It is highlighted the general trends of functioning of the European social-oriented economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of research is the processes of gas evolution from undermined sources within the exploited extraction section and beyond its boundaries under the influence of activation of rock displacement. To date, no quantitative dependencies have been established for gas evolution from the worked out (treatment workings) of the carbonaceous stratum when its movement is activated. Difficulties in studying gas evolution in the case under consideration lie in the need to carry out the necessary measurements of methane consumption in the workings and degassing wells of the mine field section and wing over the entire period of time working out the extraction column. The purity of the experiment is ensured by the operation of only one lava in the wing of the mine field. The ventilation scheme of the extraction section and the location of the measurement points in the mine workings make it possible to establish methane emission zones in the worked out space of the exploited and stopped lavas. The paper presents an analysis of the change, currently little studied, of gas evolution outside the exploited extraction section into the worked out space of stopped lavas. The main factors affecting the change in the level of gas evolution are determined, both within the extraction section and beyond its borders. The methodology of the experiments is assumed that the level of gas evolution from the undermined coal-bearing stratum is determined by coal mining and the degree of development of treatment works in the extraction section. On the basis of experimental data, the dependences of gas evolution on coal production and the degree of development of treatment works within the extraction section are established. Out of the extraction section, gas evolution from the worked out space of stopped lavas occurs when the development of the minefield wing is sufficiently developed and is determined by the intensity of coal mining in the exploited section. When the Earth’s surface and the coal- bearing stratum are fully developed, the gas evolution from the mined-out space of the stopped lavas during the initial period of operation of the next lava can be several times higher than the methane emission within the existing extraction section. Studies have shown that the mechanism of the process of gas evolution within the extraction section and beyond its boundaries proceeds under the influence of various influencing factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of research is the process of dynamic interaction of a complex system of cyclically symmetric parts of the support joint, taking into account the presence of stationary cracks. A significant number of structural elements and parts operated under dynamic loads are characterized by the occurrence and propagation of cracks in areas of significant plastic deformation. In particular, for the supporting device, it is a cyclically symmetric body with a limiting case of heterogeneity, under the action of pulsed loads, plastic flow zones arise at the boundaries of the joints of the cylindrical part with projections. If there are cracks in these areas, it becomes necessary to reliably determine the fracture parameters and predict the crack growth over time. To build models of this class of objects, one of the most universal and reliable numerical methods is the semi-analytical finite element method. In this paper, the results of calculating of the parameters of fracture mechanics on the basis of the semi-analytical method of finite elements are presented for an object with inhomogeneous physical and mechanical properties in the presence of stationary cracks under conditions of pulsed loading and plastic deformations. The numerical study is performed in two stages. At the first stage, the laws of the elasticplastic dynamic deformation of the system are established. The most probable zones of damage accumulation and cracking are determined, which is the reason for the failure of structural elements. At the second stage, a model with a crack located in the zone of plastic deformations is considered, the calculated values of the dynamic stress intensity factors are studied, and their evolution over time is investigated. The obtained research results can be used in numerous calculations of inhomogeneous bodies with damage such as cracks in the conditions of elastic-plastic dynamic deformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzed the distribution of capacitive currents in the winding of measuring high-voltage autotransformer at its operating frequency 50 (60) Hz. It is revealed that idling high-voltage autotransformer at significant nominal dividing coefficient these currents can acquire essential values against the current idling, which can affect the accuracy of large-scale conversion of high-voltage measuring autotransformers. The paper presents an approach to account values of interlayer capacitive currents in the windings of high-voltage autotransformers to clarify the distribution of voltage on their low-voltage (output) winding parts. It is shown that the distribution of capacitive currents significantly different to the first, last and middle layers of windings that must be considered when designing the windings of high-voltage autotransformers and calculate the number of turns in the respective high-voltage and low-voltage parts of windings. This analysis is particularly important for the development of standard measurement tools using high-voltage autotransformer scale transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studies the dynamics of NIKKEI and HKSE stock indices in Asia from 2014 to 2015. The work uses multifractal analysis and R/S analysis to study the dynamics of the stock indices. The research reviews scientific works that has multifractal analysis as the subject of research. The study highlights the calculation of Hurst coefficient using Gretl and reveals the presence of memory in the time series. The research shows that time series has multifractal properties detected by SpectrAnalyzer. The paper graphically draws the characteristics of time series such as the multifractal singularity spectrum and dynamics of the fluctuation functions. The authors describe further plans in their study of financial indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theoretical studies of reducing the productivity of ultrafiltration (UF) modules, due to the formation of a highly concentrated sediment layer on the membrane surface, are given in the paper. The main purpose of the research is to justify the advantage of the tangential filtration over a dead-end when operating the UF module on an industrial scale. The UF module modes are considered and their comparison is given in the paper. An algorithm that allows demonstrating the magnitude of the possible sediment layer formation on the membrane surface in the UF module at the dead-end and tangential module operation, and its impact on reducing the module productivity, is developed and presented. The obtained results can be of practical use to compile operation modes of ultrafiltration systems. This research may be useful for design engineers, as well as for scientists, involved in research in the field of water purification by the UF method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creation of the functional additive BC-P for using in veterinary is considered in the paper. Some results of our research in this field are given. The main purpose of the research is to create a functional additive in selecting the ratio between strains according to the spectrum of antagonistic activity of a number of pathogens that cause diseases in the porcine gastrointestinal tract. For this purpose, it was necessary to determine the type of relationship between the strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria under study, and the ability to general growth in mixed cultures using the indicators of acid formation and accumulation of viable cells of each of the component composition is tested. In this paper, the optimum ratio between the strains during co-cultivation is determined. The presented method allows creating a functional additive based on the strains of Bifidobacterium infantis: B. longum subsp. suis: Lactobacillus acidophilus: L. with maximum antagonistic effect on a number of pathogens. The research results can be used by researchers to create probiotic preparations both for people and animals, as well as to create bacterial preparations for fermented meat and dairy products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The data on mathematical modeling of simultaneous chlorine and hydrogen chloride absorption by alkaline solutions are given in the paper. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the sanitary column operation and develop the mathematical model of exhaust gas purification from chlorine and hydrogen chloride. The exhaust gas neutralization process proceeds in countercurrent absorption columns, which are irrigated by the alkaline solution. Mathematical model of the process includes a system of differential equations of component-wise material balance. The material balance equation system describes the change in the component concentration according to the column height. The equation system is written taking into account the assumptions that the process is isothermal, proceeds in the full displacement in both phases; only hydrogen chloride and chlorine are absorbed from the gas flow and chemisorption reaction in the liquid phase runs immediately. The reaction surface in this case coincides with the interface, the reaction proceeds in the external diffusion region. The process rate is determined only by the diffusion rate of the components from the gas flow to the reaction surface. The actual kinetics is not taken into account. The equations of the mathematical model allow to calculate the concentration profiles of the components according to the column height. Using the mathematical model of chemisorption of two gases allows to make calculations of similar columns at the design stage and the stage of production process investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in physical properties of powder charges during their long-term storage have negative effect on the ballistic properties of 9 mm cartridges: the longer storage of ammunition — the greater the negative impact of this phenomenon. The paper presents a method of predicting the initial velocity of some cartridges based on the respective values of initial velocity of other pistols. The error of the predicted data ranged from 0,12 % to 1,98 % depending on the barrel length and ammunition storage period. It is proved that pistols with a longer barrel have larger deterioration in ballistic performance when used long-term storage ammunition than similar models with a shorter barrel. When comparing pistols PM, «FORT» and APS these deteriorations are 4 %, 4,84 % and 5,88 % respectively. The main reason for this factor using long-term storage ammunition is aging of powder charge. The consequence of this phenomenon is difficult to forecast change in the characteristics of the powder charge. This in turn reduces valuable work carried out by burning dust, and is the main driving force through which must be achieved performance inherent in the characteristics of weapons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the physics of normal electric power transmission, the paper proposes a new, science-based approach to determining the wholesale and retail electricity prices for industrial and equated consumers, which is accounted the effect of schemes for their power from the power system and reactive load on the economy of electric power transmission process. Given the fact that pricing in the electricity system is the basic system calculation that determines the economics of its operation, it is proposed to conduct three levels: selling price; wholesale price; retail price. In the article is scientifically based the principles for determining the selling, wholesale and retail electricity prices, which takes into account the physics of the impact of voltage electricity network on pricing (as a potential form of electricity) that feeds consumer, its active loss and bandwidth depending on the concept consumer connection to electric networks of electric power transmission organizations (as the basis of the methodology for determining wholesale prices) and reactive power load for specific electricity consumer (as the basis of the methodology for determining the retail price) for the consumed electricity in the current period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the constructions of fine thermoanemometric flow meter for biofuel (TAFM) as well as the results of its experimental research. The flow meter contains neural processor to compensate dynamic errors because of theirs essential value. Neural processor using as a part of TAFM significantly raises its accuracy. The latter is confirmed by the results of experimental researches on the specially designed unit, particularly by calibration and verification. The results of experimental researches determine that during the work of TAFM on biofuel when changing in the ranges of temperatures 0…180 °C the errors do no exceed 0,2 %. It is stated that the reasons for TAFM errors can be the errors of etalon sensors and thermal sensors which are a part of TAFM, the changes of fuel volume, measuring tank volume also influence the biofuel temperature as well as the environment temperature. This development can be used for accounting consumption of biofuel of vehicle engine. This approach will significantly improve their conditions of work in comparison with diesel fuel, decrease biofuel consumption as well harmful engine emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a summary of investigations of influence of raw vegetable materials on the characteristics of liquids which can be used as an insulator in high voltage electrical equipment. Raw materials influence not only the initial characteristics of produced liquids, but also on changes in these parameters while they're being used. In presenting the results of research attention is given to achieving the desired characteristics of the thermo-oxidative stability of such liquids, the differences of the aging process in which paper insulation, possibilities of diagnostics of defects on the basis of gasification equipment control. It is noted that the use of different vegetable raw materials leads to differences in the manufacturing process and use of these liquids. Among the positive effects of the use of insulating vegetable liquids in high-voltage electrical equipment, one can note an increase in durability of cellulose insulation in them. However, usage of such equipment will require development and application of techniques for its control which differ from those which are conventionally used for mineral oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the problem of designing automatic control systems of dynamically variable objects is characterized by the transition from adaptive management paradigm to intelligent control paradigm. This is caused by continuous complication of objects and conditions of their operation, the advent of new classes of computing devices (distributed computing), highperformance telecommunication channels, and a sharp increase in the requirements for reliability and efficiency of control processes in a significant priori and posteriori uncertainty. Accounting for these factors is possible only through the transition from «hard» algorithms of parametric and structural adaptation to the anthropomorphic principle of forming control. Given the characteristics of the modern enterprise, when the head and structural units quickly make decisions and monitor its implementation, it comes very clearly understand the need of artificial intelligence as an assistant in the work of transport enterprise. However, existing methods are outdated and not fully perform the role of assistant. The latest trends in this matter are modern methods of creating intelligent systems that can learn in the process, based on neural networks. The paper proposed synthesis technologies of transport enterprise neural network algorithms. Better use of major resources of the enterprise is possible through the use of self-learning neural networks to control transport enterprise. Using a synthesis of known algorithms may be more correct setup of the whole system and increase the speed of information processing and decision of optimal solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the analysis of the literature it was found that with cutting and turning speed increase during processing (spindle frequency) resonant phenomena that significantly affect the performance of cutting tools and quality (roughness) of finished surface can occur. The aim of the work is to determine the dynamic characteristics of metalworking system on the design phase that is without a full-scale experiment. This paper describes a stand based on constructed 3D model of modernized machine tool mod. 1700VF30 (spindle frequency 10000 rev/min) and the method and algorithm of development of finite-element model of dynamic state of designed 3D models of machine tool is proposed. With the help of developed model the modal analysis of the machine tool mod. 1700VF30 using the method of finite elements that can let to detect the resonant frequencies of oscillations within any range of the setting of the cutting was made. The finite element method using ANSYS executed a complex research of amplitude-frequency characteristics of constructed 3D model depending on the speed of the spindle rotation and frequency at which resonance phenomena occurs. Adequacy of the developed analytical model of dynamic state of the elements of a manufacturing system based on the upgraded machine tool 1700VF3 was proved experimentally. Results, received with its help differ from the experimental ones less than for 5 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Role and resistant properties importance of socio-economic system in the mechanism of national security was justified in the article. Systemic, synergetic, complex, evolutionary and scientific approaches were used to reach the goal and solve the problem. The phenomenon of resistance was revealed by the author as «genetic» property of the system, as a continuous function of it, as a mechanism to secure development. Dialectical relationship between self-sufficiency- resistant securities of socioeconomic system was highlighted in the paper. In addition, the author emphasizes importance of the resistant plasticity determining. Definition of the term is proposed, potential of plasticity of resistant individual components of the socio-economic system is characterized in the article. High level of resistant plasticity of transportation and communication systems is noted in particular. Instrumental quality of transport and communication system in self-preservation from the damaging effects of instability and ensuring national security development is substantiated. Conducted systematic and comprehensive research will lead to the complete understanding of national strategy future development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates the views of scientists on the assessing the quality of services provided by the hospitality industry. The author considers the principles of organization of internal space in the hotel enterprises and the influence of functional, environmental and aesthetic criteria to the quality of fixed assets in the hotel room. Conducted research is necessary to determine the directions of reproduction of fixed assets in the hospitality industry with the aim of increasing their competitiveness on the European market of hotel services. As a result of scientific research it is developed a quality map of the primary means of the hotel rooms, suggested factors of quality items and practice materials determined by the target values of the multiplicative coefficients that allow calculating the ratio of the integrated perception of quality items of fixed assets of the hotel rooms. The proposed method allows taking into account the opinions of the clients, to determine enjoy the quality of fixed assets of the hotel rooms which is a key parameter for quality services. The obtained information gives the possibility to manage the reproduction and modernization of material and technical base of the hotel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The condition of the restaurant business in Ukraine has been studied, and this study showed that at present, many enterprises of the restaurant business cannot stand competition and close down in the context of crisis, high level of inflation, drop of income level of the population. However, the restaurant business is one of the most widespread types of small businesses both in Ukraine and in the world, so the basic directions of its improvement are specified in the article. It is proved that in spite of the large number of scientific papers and publications, the problematic issues of cost accounting at the enterprises of restaurant economy remain unsolved to the full extent. We investigated the role and place of distribution costs and production costs in the circulation of capital and defined their substantive content. It is proved that the activities and internal characteristics of any enterprise better reveal in the functions performed in it that requires a certain amount of time and resource expenses. Therefore, there is a direct link between the cost values for the realization of its common functions, size of the enterprise, features of its activity, sectoral affiliation, that answers the question about the sources of expenses. We suggested a functional and cost-based structure of restaurant business enterprises, recommended classification of expenditure of catering business enterprises, depending on the types of economic activity and enterprise management objectives, which is the basis for the introduction of functional reporting of expenses enterprises restaurant business and calculation of production costs at restaurant business enterprises, and which is also necessary for organization of managerial accounting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Article analyzes the main features of machine-building enterprises' innovations for development management. Due to the high level of innovations' uncertainty and low economic situation predictability, it is necessary to build innovations for development management mechanism, which takes into account both the available statistical information and management experience. The conceptual model of enterprise innovative development is described. This model allows providing the coordinated work of all company functional units, getting competitive advantages due to complete meeting the demand and reducing the level of risk immanent to innovations. The paper presents a mathematical model of innovations for development evaluation, which reflects the relationship among sets of innovations for development factors in the context of its parts: innovative capacity and innovation process. Also decision-making expert system for management option choice: maintaining option, dynamic option, static option, and balanced development option based on input values is proposed. The author proposed innovations for development mechanism, which helps to maximize machine-building enterprises' profit by identifying and practical usage of available reserves of innovations for development degree increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of cloud computing technology to build information systems of research organization is discussed in this paper. The main purpose is to determine the key parameters that affect how each resource involved in the construction of systems and optimization of resource consumption taking into account solvable problem. The research results are based on queuing theory, methods of optimization and simulation. Mathematical models of service requests users to store data on a cloud platform. Also the algorithm of load balancing algorithm and intellectual migration data in cloud storage data is developed. The algorithms allow scale information system without lowering the volume of resources involved in the work. Performance evaluation showed decrease query processing time by increasing system capacity by using developed technology. The research results can be used to improve the efficiency of software and hardware resources, quality of services in information systems to the cloud platform, as well as to avoid overloading services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the development of new coating made of bronze and babbit powders by hot pressing method. The purpose of the work is to explore the possibility and establish the regularities of coating formation on the surface with use of powders which have been obtained by grinding waste products. The new device for hot-pressing processes which allows you to control shrinkage has been developed for experimental studies. The studies of the coating were carried out by the methods of optical metallography, X-ray analysis, mechanical testing. It is shown that the formation of the structure combines the processes of the liquid phase sintering of the powder mixture and the diffusion interaction with tinned of steel surface 20. The structure of coating consists of the bronze solid phase and babbit soft phase that provides wear resistance. The established regularities allow you to control the processes of coating formation, creating permanent connections with the steel surface and using waste products. The developed technology can be used for manufacturing new and for their repair worn details of ship locking reinforcement of cargo systems (flanges, cranes, valves). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is about integration of hardware, developed with adaptive approach (so called «adaptive hardware»), in computing systems. The main goal of the article is to describe the method of adaptive hardware integration in conventional computing systems on hardware level as well as on software level. Interfacing adaptive hardware and conventional computing system are made with well-known memory mapping method, when the piece of hardware on a bus is represented as a set of registers in the dedicated memory region. As the result, the tools for automated creation of the bus peripheral device where designed, so any piece of adaptive hardware may be interfaced to the bus, for example, the AXI bus. A technique for adaptive hardware device driver development was described. These achievements have made the use of adaptive hardware much simpler for real-world applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the approaches to the agri-food market regulation in the EU using innovative, scientifically based resource allocation rules. The fundamental principles of the agri-food market regulation in the EU in the context of binding regulations, directives and decisions were investigated. It was concluded that the measures of regulation of the agri-food market, including domestic pork market, competitiveness support of domestic production need substantial revision. Therefore, an attempt to prove the feasibility of the agri-food market regulation, which is based on respect for the fundamental principles of food law with the established procedures, which should be consistent with the production standards of domestic and imported goods was made. The aforesaid will promote the application of experience of the EU member states in the area of agri-food market regulation by public application authorities, particularly in the issues of: a) regulation of speculative foreign competition, manifested through subsidized imports and dumped prices; b) acceleration of the implementation of the EU legislation in Ukraine; c) feasibility of dual agri-food market regulation as horizontal at the level of regulations and vertical at the level of directives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of penetration of liquid through technological materials whose solution is largely constrained by the lack of operational methods for the determination of material parameters is solved in this paper. The main purpose of research is to develop methods for the determination of the diffusion coefficients of fractal materials based on rapid experimentation with the mathematical model of the passage of moisture. On the base of the approximate solution of the diffusion equation relationship between the diffusion constants and parameters of the process at an early stage of the liquid absorption are obtained. It is proved that for determination of both the diffusion coefficients only one experimental parameter is enough. This parameter is the time to achieve a concentration at the inner surface to 0,4 of the main. The developed approach allows use of the initial stage of the experiment on the accumulation of moisture fractal material and may use a simplified approach to conducting experiments, which greatly simplifies and accelerates the process of determining the diffusion constants. The results of research can be applied by experts in the field of products of light industry, as well as in the systems of metrological provision of material constants determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper it is proposed the algorithm of formation of complicated search query for complex structured data on the basis of operators and keywords. On the basis of this algorithm it is developed software that allows automating the process of forming complicated search query for complex structured data. This approach is the basis for the software subsystem for search of bibliographic descriptions of posts of information-analytical system «ScienceLP». Using the keys and operators allows carrying out the ranking of search results by the number of matches. Next search modes are developed: «normal», «text professional» and «professional visual mode». These modes allow the user to create a search query based on an existing experience of search: without the use of keywords and operators, using keywords and operators, visually selecting operators and keywords. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the present stage of development of science and technology it is made manufacturing high-precision and small-sized parts. Great emphasis in the manufacture of parts is attended to monitoring their parameters. But there is a problem of the geometric parameters of objects of small-sized parts with complex shape, as a feature of its images is large blur and low contrast due to the inability to complete fixing and guidance of acuity. In this paper, it is proposed the method of visualization and control of geometric parameters of small-sized objects with complex shape, the advantage of which is the recalculation of dimensions of the object for its sub-pixel coordinates in the blurred image. Also it is proposed a mean of controlling the geometrical parameters of small-sized objects with complex shape, which is based on the proposed method, the feature of which is the probe introduction in the measuring zone with known dimensions, to determine the ratio for conversion of coordinates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the physics of normal operation power, the paper proposed a new science-based approach to determining the price of electricity for industrial and equated to them customers, in which voltage electric networks is seen as a potential form of electricity and network with nominal voltage 110 kV serve as counter energy market of Ukraine. Given that pricing in the electricity system is the basic calculation system, which determines its functioning economy, it is proposed the vote at two levels: the base (wholesale) and retail. The principles for determining the base (wholesale) prices for electricity, which take into account the physics of power transmission based on the properties of concept consumer connection to system networks with a voltage of 110 kV are considered and the approach to the development of methods for determining the retail price of electricity is outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essence of information systems is defined and main factors that influence the development of information systems in the context of globalization are picked out. Among the main factors to be emphasized are the following: changes of environment and globalization of markets; absence of stable environment; limiting of scale of technology control organizing; the lack of high-quality information and professional knowledge. The systematization of modern information systems and technologies used in the accounting process has been made. The following groups of information systems in accounting processes are highlighted: accounting systems, electronic document management system, software for remote banking services, information and legal systems. The main trends of development of information systems and technologies in accounting have been determined. The author grounded that one of the main trends of information systems development is the application of electronic tax administration that, in turn, leads to acceleration of source document processing thanks to transferring of workflow from paper into electronic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studied the structure of institutional mechanism of employee incentive to create innovations in engineering enterprises. The main factors of influence on improving institutional mechanism to employee incentive of innovation-oriented enterprises are defined. The characteristic of the main components of the institutional mechanism of employee incentive to create innovation is given. Recommendations for improving the use of economic instruments to employee incentive are given. It is established the need to improve resource support necessary for the employee to develop innovation and distribution of information resources for management decisions towards improving the performance of enterprise innovation. The structure of institutional mechanism to employee incentive will increase an innovation activity of the national innovation-oriented enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research and mechanisms to implement procedures of etiological diagnosis of export and import activities of enterprises is an important element of development of modern economics over the possibility of such diagnostics to identify the problems and prospects of business operation in future periods. In the absence of economic works on implementation of mechanisms of etiological diagnosis of entrepreneurial activity, it requires a comprehensive research and development of basic concepts. The basic methods of etiological diagnosis of export and import activity are systematized in the paper. It is analyzed the literature on the semantic content of the term “economic method of diagnosis” and views of several authors on classification of economic diagnosis methods of entrepreneurial activity. Also, the definition of the term “method of the etiologic diagnosis of entrepreneurial activity” is defined and the main factors influencing the choice of appropriate and reasonablesituationally methods of etiological diagnosis are defined and described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research and mechanisms to implement procedures of etiological diagnosis of export and import activities of enterprises is an important element of development of modern economics over the possibility of such diagnostics to identify the problems and prospects of business operation in future periods. In the absence of economic works on implementation of mechanisms of etiological diagnosis of entrepreneurial activity, it requires a comprehensive research and development of basic concepts. The basic methods of etiological diagnosis of export and import activity are systematized in the paper. It is analyzed the literature on the semantic content of the term “economic method of diagnosis” and views of several authors on classification of economic diagnosis methods of entrepreneurial activity. Also, the definition of the term “method of the etiologic diagnosis of entrepreneurial activity” is defined and the main factors influencing the choice of appropriate and reasonablesituationally methods of etiological diagnosis are defined and described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes the methodological support of integral assessment of customer capital of engineering enterprise, based on the definition of indicators to measure the components of integrated tools and conditions of formation and development of relationships with customers and determination of generalized integral index of evaluation of the formation and development of these relations. Determination of integrated indicators provides the method of an expert evaluation for additive convolution of the for such qualitatively assessed components as preserve technologies of existing and new customers, involvement of employees in the process of forming and maintaining relationships with customers of constituents of consumer capital; taxonomy method for quantitatively evaluated components - efficiency of enterprises and brand image. Generalized integral indicator of evaluation of formation and development of company relations with customers based on the arithmetic mean of the integral method of taxonomic indicator on the availability and the increasing number of regular customers, repeat contracts, development of customer base, customer loyalty, which were assessed quantitatively, and performance evaluation of integrated intensity relations with customers company and its business reputation, calculated on the basis of additive convolution quality indicators. The importance and usefulness of integrated assessment of consumer capital is that it allows measuring the value of industrial enterprise relationship with consumers, which are seen as a result of the formation and development of these relations; evaluate opportunities for the establishment of such enterprise values and monitor effectiveness of their implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays electronic commerce is one of essential elements of modern information economy functioning, that gives an opportunity to carry out commercial operations more effectively, to respond flexibly to transformations, which take place in the market of goods and services, to strengthen competitive positions of all agents of economic activity and to extend the sphere of their influence in the global space. That is why the research of substance, specific characters and tendencies of the development of this branch of economic relations is particularly important. In the article it is found that the continual increase of the amounts of electronic commerce and availability of modifications in its actualization are the central vector of further development of e-commerce in the global scale. In the course of researches it is determined that in recent time volumes of electronic commerce in Ukraine have decreased a little due to the extremely difficult economic and politic situation in the country. In the paper the trend analysis of future evolution of Ukrainian e-commerce is elaborated, that points to the positive changes in this sphere of business activity under condition of active support on the part of the government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we consider a mathematical model of seismic process, taking into account the role of solitary waves as a shocks «trigger». Methods of forecasting are based on evaluating trajectories of individual solitons and clarification of shocks probability. We allocate among the entire set of shocks individual subsets caused by the same soliton and construct of hypothetical trajectory of the solitons. The probability of a shock can be verified taking into account the soliton components of seismic process. The information system for the analysis of soliton component seismic processes was developed. We show the effectiveness of soliton approach and the possibility of its application to the analysis of seismic processes in several regions of the Earth by using this information system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper it is conducted a review of published data on the use of microstructural reactors for the optimization of chemical processes and reactions, a detailed description of which is possible with the use of modern methods and modeling tools. Microreactor is a miniature reactor apparatus having dimensions in the submillimeter range. Chemical reactions in the microreactor are carried out in one or a plurality of parallel channels, the channel diameter is not more than the mean free path of the molecules in the gas phase reactions. The advantages of the microreactors may include a large surface area contact between the phases, laminar flow (and reducing energy costs and increasing residence time), high radial diffusion coefficient, simplifying scaling and enhanced characteristics of safety selectivity of processes occurring in them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the processes and devices of treatment and deodorization of air-gas emissions. The main purpose of the research is to synthesize and classify the processes, forming the basis of the biotechnological detoxification of emissions. The analysis has revealed disadvantages of the existent thermal, reagent and physicochemical methods of treatment and deodorization of emissions. Benefits of using the biological degradation of industrial toxicants are outlined. It was shown that the methods of biological treatment of gaseous contaminants, in which toxic substances are decomposed into simple ones, are versatile, have low operating costs and do not cause secondary air contamination. The mass transfer processes, occurring during the migration of contaminants from the gas phase to the cells of bacterial associations are highlighted. The results of the experiments using different bacterial associations have shown the effectiveness and industrial applicability of the biological method of treatment from organic hydrocarbons, halogen compounds, as well as sulfur and nitrogen compounds. The research results can be applied in the development of environmentally compatible biotechnologies of treating air-gas emissions of anthropogenic origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the method of kinetic acetylation (MKA) for the differentiation of the hydroxyl groups in oligomers is considered and some results of our research in this field are given in the paper. The main purpose of the research is to describe the method of acetylation of the hydroxyl groups and calculate kinetic parameters, as well as using the method for analyzing isoprene copolymer and hydroxyethyl methacrylate obtained by polymerization using hydrogen peroxide as the initiator. The reaction capacity differentiation of the hydroxyl groups is important either for obtaining polymer materials according to the reactions of the hydroxyl groups (HG), or understanding the mechanisms of polymerization. The obtained results allowed to reveal that the copolymer contains two types of hydroxyl groups, differing by the reaction capacity. More active HG are arranged at the molecules ends and introduced by hydroxyl radicals, initiating the polymerization, and less active are located in the polymer chain and introduced by the MEG molecules. It was found that a number of more active groups are below 2 per molecule, indicating that the chain is branching. The research results can be used in chemistry for studying hydroxyl oligomers to obtain polymer materials, in particular, in the preparation of polyurethanes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of overweight was revealed in the paper. In total, about 15 % of our population suffers from obesity. Obesity should be treated as a chronic disease, and like any chronic disease, it requires long-term treatment under medical supervision. Low information culture of the population and sometimes lack of doctors' attention to this problem has led to the fact that different body weight regulation means, most of which are naturally BAAs (biologically active additives) have become widespread in Ukraine recently. With the support of a marketing group «Business-credit», market research of sale of foreign weight regulation means was conducted. It was aimed at identifying the main distribution channels of these products and giving a brief characteristic of the most common means as well. The main reason for this study was the variety of products for weight regulation. It was tasked to identify the most popular means, conduct comparative analysis of prices for means in different places of sale, estimate the costs of purchasing a particular product in combination with its expiration date and briefly describe the most popular means. The data show that biologically active substances are the most popular weight regulation means. Over the last year, an increase in sales of foreign bioactive substances has decreased by 22,74 % while the increase in sales of domestic bioactive substances has grown by 64,17 %. The situation is caused by the difference in price: domestic biologically active substances are on average 27,38 USD cheaper than foreign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper contains the analysis of energy consumption volumes at iron-ore enterprises with the underground mining method. It is shown that the share of electric energy accounts for about 90 % of the total energy consumption. The amount of energy consumed for technological purposes, as well as its production cost has been increasing every year. Herewith, it is necessary to consider the fact that production cost variations of the produced iron ore have no obvious correlation. The ways of increasing the electric energy efficiency at mining enterprises are considered. Specific recommendations for improving the energy efficiency of the domestic underground iron-ore production are given. First of all, it is proposed assessing current potentials of specific production types that will allow optimizing the process of energy consumption by certain types of consumers. Special attention is paid to considering the peculiarities of mining enterprises. An integrated solution to improving the energy efficiency of domestic iron-ore enterprises also requires organizational measures, beginning with the introduction of an effective energy management system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Method and algorithm for calculating the number of waterchemical modes of complex circulating cooling systems of TPP and NPP are proposed in the paper. Method for calculating the carbon dioxide balance, allowing to obtain the calculated values of pH and alkalinity forms in circulating water for the studied systems, almost no different from the analytically measured values is improved. Based on the system laboratory and industrial researches for various water classes, the dependence of the deposition rate on the calcium ion concentration in the circulating water is obtained. The necessity of development testing of the studied waterchemical modes of complex circulating cooling systems, which can be made on a scale model of the investigated system with the corresponding thermohydraulic characteristics for the specific water composition is shown. Based on the obtained experimental equation, it is possible to evaluate specific hypothetical values of the mass and thickness of deposits on heat-transfer surfaces of condensers and use this data to predict the operation of existing and newly designed cooling systems of large power facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of multifunctional modifiers on the stabilization of chemical composition, globularization of nonmetallic inclusions and reduction of their number, as well as increase of crack resistance and level of mechanical properties of wheel high-strength wear-resistant steel KP-T, was studied in the paper. Comparative histograms of reducing the difference between the maximum and minimum points of nonmetallic inclusions in serial and modified steel KP-T were built. It was proved that increasing the properties and improving the wheel steel structure is possible by using deoxidation, modification, microalloying and refining in the liquid state, as the most advanced method of improving the quality of carbon steel. As a result of the studies, the influence of multifunctional modifiers on the reduction of chemical elements dispersion between the heat flow and inside of it, increase of stability and mechanical properties of wheel steel KP-T was determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the analytical review of application spheres of machine vision-based systems and image processing methods. As a result of the analysis, promising ways of broad implementation of machine vision in the production, caused by an increase in the volume of output and its quality are outlined. Basic components of machine vision systems are thoroughly analyzed and classified by a number of features, their role and level of influence on the quality of the resulting image is defined. Five basic image processing methods are considered. Peculiarities of each of them and their inherent advantages and disadvantages are identified. The problems of implementing such systems in production and the issues of their interaction with manufacturing equipment and available software for production management are considered. The relevance of broad implementation of machine vision systems in different areas of production, from quality control of products to reading their barcodes, is caused primarily by excluding the subjectivity of estimating the monitored parameters because of the human factor. Based on the analysis of applying machine vision systems in production, their main advantage (such as performance, possibility of continuously-long operation, repeatability of measurement results, etc.) and disadvantages (need for high-quality lighting, calibration, etc.) are identified. The analysis data can serve as a basis for determining the conditions of using machine vision systems in particular production conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When developing any design it is mandatory to carry out dimensional analysis of all design solutions. The main aspect in this case is primarily calculating output parameters coordinated dimensions of the hole. Two typical flow sheets: cutting tool guiding and noncutting tool guiding are investigated. Analytical dependences for calculating the accuracy of coordinated dimensions for typical flow sheets are presented in the paper. Dependences for determining the interaxle dimension, dimension from the base, positional variation are proposed. The specific weight of the components of the geometric error in the non-cutting tool-guiding and cutting tool-guiding flow sheets is determined. Calculated values of total processing error using modular machine tooling are defined. Studies have shown that the accuracy of coordinating dimensions and positional variations depends on the total geometric accuracy of machine flow sheet elements and total elastic deformations. This will allow to set the optimum accuracy of processing major parts, defining the output geometric parameters of modular machines and select the desired assembly method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper gives new methods of determining the capacity of air-swept ball mills of a coal-pulverization system of coal power units of 150-200 and 300 MW, proved in production at thermal power plants (TPP). The main advantage of the methods over the known method, the disadvantage of which is the complexity of operations, manual coal selection from a conveyor belt, comparing it with subsequent calculations, is the ease and efficiency. Three methods of determining the capacity of air-swept ball mills were considered, namely: for coal-pulverization systems with industrial bunkers and a direct supply of pulverized coal to the furnace; using backup fuel. The introduction of the new methods at thermal power plants (TPP) with pulverized coal-fired boilers will give a significant economic effect due to the possibility of more effective operation of air-swept ball mills, and thus more efficient fuel combustion in boiler plant furnaces (reducing heat losses with q2 and q4) and increasing the efficiency factor (EF). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the technology for mechanized wet underwater welding of high-alloy corrosion-resistant steel. The main purpose of the research is development of the pioneering self-shielding flux-cored wire for wet underwater welding. Quantity and quality characteristics were determined by using the mathematical experimental design method. Quantity and quality welding-technological characteristics, such as gas saturation of the weld metal, stability of the arc burning process in water environment, and optimal composition of slag-forming components of the flux-cored wire charge, were specified. Application of the experimental self-shielding wire for mechanized wet underwater welding of high-alloy corrosion-resistant steel will make it possible to increase productivity and improve quality of underwater welding-repair operations, and receive an economic effect due to reduction of downtime in production cycle of an object being repaired. Application of this technology will allow a partial or even complete absence of participation of humans in the welding process performed under extreme conditions in radioactive environment (in case of nuclear power plants) and in welding in deep waters. The research results can be used for welding-repair operations at nuclear power plants, ship-repair and ship-raising operations, and at hydraulic facilities. The proposed innovation technology makes it possible to fully replace the wet underwater covered-electrode welding technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of providing of information security at the all levels can be solved effectively only if there will be found and activated a Complex Information Security System (CISS), which will cover the entire life cycle of computer systems (CS), starting from design and ending up with recycling, and all the technological link of collection, storage, processing and transmission of information. Therefore, the main purpose of the research in this paper is the development of integrated protection, which will prevent physical access to confidential information, its copying, theft or damage in server rooms. The use of modern high-level programming language Python and symmetric codifying algorithm AES allows the programming part of complex protection to work as quickly as possible, which leads to a rapid transfer of data from personal computer to remote server. Developed CISS allows keeping of confidential information even in a case of unauthorized access and theft of equipment. Program part allows reservation of data to 50 Mb (after the SMTP protocol) and more than 50 Mb (after the FTP protocol), speed of operation in this case is 15-20 sec (after the SMTP protocol) and 2-3 sec (after FTP protocol) if dimensions of file is 50 Mb. Thanks to using symmetric cryptosystem AES-256 which has a length of key of 256 bit we reached to obtain maximum crypto stability if compare with alternative software-hardware complex information security system Secret Disk Secret NG 3.2 which uses cryptosystem DES with length of key of 56 bit. For instance to ‘crack' AES-256 we need approximate 3,78 × 1063 years provided that you go over million keys per second. The developed system can be used in all fields of application whose work is connected with the use of server rooms and who have no need in high qualified staff to servicing this system. Therefore, if compared to alternative CISS, the one reviewed in the article is more reliable thanks to newer encryption algorithm and capability to prevent data losses in the case of unauthorized access to the room. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The studies of ammonia absorption in the combined contact device are given in the paper. The main goal of the research is to determine the optimal operating conditions for the combined contact device (CCD), consisting of a perforated plate and regular packing. The effect of the gas velocity, spraying density, area of free section of grates and diameter of grates on the ammonia absorption rate is considered. These studies allow to determine operating modes and design parameters of CCD. As a result, it is found that the decrease in the free section area reduces the contact step effectiveness, spraying density in the CCD has effect only to 8-10 m³/m²h. When using the packing N1, COP significantly increases depending on the ammonia concentration. Thus, we can state that ammonia absorption efficiency in the CCD, operating in the mode of highly-turbulized foam confirms that the CCD design leads to intense flow mixing, retards the growth of the gas content and promotes the growth of the contact surface of phases and their renewal rate. This eliminates the raw gas leakage from the absorption compartment in the atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]