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The purpose of this paper is to propose a variant for the development of a part of the national industry, which would be free from the problems of large investments and threats of unprofitability against the background of innovations. Before the full-scale war, which began in 2022, Ukrainian industry was an offspring and a powerful part of the Soviet heavy industry, mainly of the third technological order. Now, the enterprises that were powerful generators of the national economy GDP are to a greater extent located in the temporarily occupied or front-line territory. Industrial regions suffered significant damage to the production base and infrastructure facilities. The post-war restoration of the domestic industry requires large capital investments, which the national economy is not capable of. In addition, there is a limitation on the duration of investment projects due to the rapid development of modern technologies. According to experts, any project whose implementation exceeds 3 years is risky. In addition, there is a Marxian tendency of the rate of profit to decrease, due to a change in the capital structure, in particular, a decrease in labor expenses. Modern processes of mechanization of production, increase of innovative components (computerization, Internet of things, digitalization, etc.) increase the risks of unprofitability. The authors give an example of the closure of coal mining enterprises in European countries against the background of scientific and technical progress. At the same time, based on the analysis of literary sources, the trend of the spread of the DIY 4.0 phenomenon (from Do It Yourself) was revealed - the use of the most modern technological elements for the manufacture of products designed to meet the manufacturers' own needs. Especially in the USA, the Maker Movement, which is a new culture of industrial activity, is developing. The article substantiates that the technological base of DIY 4.0 and the culture of the Maker Movement are the foundation of the new distributed manufacturing, free from the "curse" of mass investment and unprofitable innovation. It is distributed manufacturing that is able to fundamentally change the quality picture and structure of industry, to ensure the national rooting of industrial production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the concept of an innovative ecosystem to describe the open dynamic network (non-hierarchical) environments consisting of organizations, people and institutions that are interacting in creating, using and diffusion of innovations. The origins of the «innovation ecosystem» concept have been explored, the extensive review of the literature on ecosystem issues have been carried out. Analysis of the Scopus database for 1996-2019 showed that the frequency of mentioning the phrase «innovation ecosystem» has increased over the past decade in dozens of times and is growing exponentially. In 2019, the phrase «innovative ecosystem» found in scientific journals 119 times more likely to 2009. Moreover, the interest to this topic has not faded over time, but it is increasing -- in 2015-2019 the frequency of mentioning of this phrase has augmented by 3.35 times, demonstrating the relevance of the research issues. The literature review has shown that, despite the wide application of the term "innovation ecosystem" in the academic, political and business environments, there is no consensus among experts about what is really an innovation ecosystem. To that end, various views of scholars and practitioners on the phenomenon of innovation ecosystems have been analyzed, which have been systematized and grouped into four approaches: ecosystems organized around a focal (central) company; ecosystems as "structures" built around a focal value proposition (focal innovation); ecosystems as defined environments (spaces) that are forming at different levels -- from local to global; ecosystems as platforms, around which the activities of stakeholders are organized. The key characteristics and features of these approaches have been defined, which allowed to ensure the theoretical organization of existing knowledge. The differences between ecosystems and systems of innovation have been substantiated, the advantages of the ecosystem approach have been defined compared to the traditional systematic view of innovation creation. The properties of innovation ecosystems and modern innovation processes have been highlighted. Given the purpose the Strategy of Innovative Development of Economy of Ukraine till 2030 to develop the national innovation ecosystem, the paper accentuates on the need to establish innovative ecosystems at the regional level (in regions or in a few of them within the economic regions) as organic components of the national innovation ecosystem, bearing in mind the rapid, large-scale and constant changes in the global environment, in which they are forming. The definition of the innovation ecosystem of a region (economic region) has been proposed. By adhering to the systemic and structural-functional approaches, the regional innovation ecosystem has been presented and described as a multidimensional model consisting of the ecosystem goal, actors (organizations), their environment and the system of relationships between actors within the ecosystem and the external environment. The conceptual model of the regional innovation ecosystem of Ukraine from the perspective of systems theory has been developed. Basic provisions of the paper and its conclusions could be considered, when implementing innovation policy to form innovation ecosystems at different levels, including at the regional level (economic regions) of Ukraine as the most suitable for innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The absence of progressive structural changes in the Ukrainian economy during the independence period has led to a significant lag in socio-economic, industrial and technological development. Ukraine is lagging behind advanced countries, as well as many developing ones. In order to change this situation, public policy should focus on the application of tools that will facilitate investment inflows and revitalize the economy. The paper deals with special economic zones as such tools. The objective of the paper is to substantiate the alternative concept of special economic zones in Ukraine as a tool for unlocking the innovation capabilities of regions, considering mistakes in the introduction of this tool in previous years and lessons from international experience in accordance with the strategic national goals under emergence of new industries. Methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis and system approach have been used for this research. Scientific reports by international organizations, Ukrainian legislation, foreign and Ukrainian academic literature on this issue have been used as references. Special economic zones have been analyzed from the standpoint of three approaches: an orthodox, heterodox, and two approaches of evolutionary economics: vertical-specialized industrialization and agglomeration. Theoretical basis of the study is guidelines of new institutional economy and endogenous growth theory. According to them, SEZs have a positive influence on the investment climate and can change trends of the country's movement towards the advanced innovative growth. But it requires effective institutions, including competent government, appropriate and consistent state policy, which provides, first of all, investment in human capital, research and development, and knowledge-based industry. The sixty-year world practice of economic zones has been compiled. The Ukrainian experience in this field has been systematized. Reasons of Ukrainian SEZs' failures, which consist in their initial perception as sources of political rent and abuse of power, are defined, which has caused significant gaps in legislation, the removal of the state from the arrangement of zones with the appropriate infrastructure and the provision of broad economically unjustified preferences to certain producers. The alternative concept of special economic zones in Ukraine is suggested as a tool for unlocking the innovation capabilities of regions in the form of stimulating regulatory regime, encouraging innovative investments, combining the system of incentives and privileges, obligatory control and restrictions to keep balance between interests of businesses and the state. Stimulating regulatory regime of economic zones is described as follows: {Goals of introducing the regime; Entities, subject to the regime; Limits of regime; Fiscal and non-fiscal preferences of the regime; Management structure of the zone to achieve the goals of the regime; Operation period of the regime}. The introduction of the regime will catalyze the generation of ideas for new products and services, development of knowledge-intensive activities, technological (sectoral) diversification of the regional economy, their integration into the global value chains on a more beneficial basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main barriers to enhancing innovation activities of the industrial enterprises of Ukraine is the lack of financial resources per se and their limited use for innovative purposes. Therefore, the primary objective, on the one hand, should be an increase of investment support of enterprises' innovative activity from all sources - own, borrowed and external - and, on the other hand, optimization of innovative expenditures' structure that has developed in enterprises of various types of industrial activity in order to ensure maximum economic returns. The aim of this paper is to analyze the correlation between the amount and components of expenditures on innovation activity and the total amount of innovative products, sold by industrial enterprises of Ukraine, and, according to the results of this analysis, to submit proposals for improvement of investment support of their innovation activity. In the paper, using correlation and regressive analysis the correlation between expenditures on innovation and the volume of innovative products, sold by industrial enterprises of Ukraine in 2015 and 2017, is investigated. It was hypothesized that the total amount of innovative products sold and their share, which is new to a market, as well as the number of innovative products, marketed abroad, depend on various types of investments in innovations. Correlation and regressive analysis revealed a different impact of components of investments in innovation on the amount and structure of innovative products sold, which confirmed the hypothesis of the study. It has been defined that the overall amounts of innovative products sold depend the most on the level of expenditures on purchasing of machines, hardware and software, as well as expenditures, related to the component "Others". The positive tendency of innovative products sold that are new to the market and which are sold to other countries are largely determined by the volume of expenditures on external R&D. Thus, by changing the structure of investment in innovation, an enterprise can significantly increase economic return, and, consequently, their level of competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the state and features of the development of Industry 4.0 and the digital economy in foreign countries and Ukraine. The current state, main regulatory provisions and programs on Industry 4.0 and the digital economy in Europe, Asia, the United States, and the member countries of the Eurasian economic Union, in particular -- Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan, are considered. It shows features of the development of Industry 4.0 in these countries, namely -- the focus on the digital economy on new markets and technologies, significant attention and support from a state. The analysis of the current situation of the movement « Industry 4.0 in Ukraine», «National strategy 4.0» is given. The degree of readiness of national industrial enterprises to implement upto- date digital production technologies that characterize the fourth industrial revolution is analyzed. It is argued that in Ukraine there are no specific programs, «road maps», sources of funding for the implementation of Industry 4.0 principles, but there is a weak ability of the government to effectively cooperate and interact with expert communities, as well as a lack of strategies for digital transformation. There are no existing industrial and innovation strategies as the basis of Industry 4.0. Therefore, the development of digitalization of industrial enterprises should be influenced by the state, namely -- in the field of innovations, scientific and technological development, education and science. To do this, a coalition of enterprises with Central Executive authorities, regional and local governments should be created. In the context of digitalization of Ukrainian industry, electricity-producing industry, IT-sector and science, it is advisable to create conditions for accelerated development of industrial high-tech segments, to establish technology transfer from Ukrainian scientific institutions, research parks, laboratories to end customers, as well as to launch regional programs for the development of Industry 4.0. Special attention is paid to substantiating the feasibility of using principles and tools of Industry 4.0 and the digital economy in industrial enterprises of Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper provides estimates of consequences of lacking mechanisms for implementing innovative priorities in industry for the economy of Ukraine. It is summed up that the key structural problem of Ukrainian industry is the weak innovation potential, which has worsened the already volatile competitive position of a number of national key industries in world markets. Recommendations for bringing experience and best world practices to Ukraine, in particular -- of EU member states with successful national innovation systems and effective tools for attracting private capital in innovation, were critically assessed. The preconditions and key trends of transformations in the policy of financing innovations of key world players (EU, USA, China) are highlighted. The practical experience and institutional transformations' peculiarities, aimed at activation of innovations financing in France, are generalized. One of the main shortcomings of the existing organizational and institutional management system for research and innovation in Ukraine is the lack of a structure, functionally aimed at industrial and innovative development of the national economy. It is emphasized that the dispersion of the function of formation and implementation of industrial policy (assigned to the Ministry of Economic Development) and innovation (within the competence of the Ministry of Education and Science) resulted in the loss of a number of competencies and positions of national industrial producers in national and foreign markets, as well as weak position in "trade wars". In order to counteract further degradation of the national industry and increase innovation potential in Ukraine, it is offered to create a fundamentally new, multifunctional body of state industrial management, combining the tools of industrial, technological and innovation policy with education and human capital policy. It is noted that the concretization of the authors' proposals will require further research both in terms of the existence of "windows of opportunity" that do not open at the stages of changing technoeconomic paradigms, and the real potential of institutional transformations in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with problems of forming the strategy for «smart» industry development with focus on the defining of its priority directions. The strategic importance of transition to the «smart» production of Ukrainian industry in conditions of global challenges, world industrial trends and internal tasks of social and economic development are highlighted. Constant ICTs' improvement and new formats of their application in industrial processes and products created the real basis for transformation of traditional plants to «smart» systems. They are examined as a key strategic factor for provision of high adjustment, social and economic efficiency, as well as global competitiveness of national economies in modern world. As a long-term process and the one that demand high investments, forming of the «smart» industry requires defining the strategy, goals and directions, which must be adequate to priorities of both economic and social development of the country. An analytical model's concept is offered for designation of the priority directions of the «smart» industry development strategy. The analytical model embraces six subject blocks: motivation to "smart" innovation; identification of directions; key factors of directions' development; potential of directions; estimated risks; readiness to realization (initial conditions). It is argued, that motivation of key subjects (society, state, business) to implement «smart» innovations today is not clearly formed, strategically realized and institutional provided. An establishing of «smart» industry envisages availability of a system and complex of innovations, which affect interests of many subjects in industrial and contiguous spheres of activity. Therefore, it is important to be oriented on the wide spectrum of concerted strategic goals of society and economy development, as well as potential consequences and risks of the newest "smart" technologies' application. In the context of strategic priorities of social and economic development of Ukraine it is suggested to include in the strategy such peculiar directions, as providing the national security (on all complex of aspects), development and economic efficiency of production, environmental protection, human capital development, local economies development, integration into the global manufacturing network. The conclusions on economic significance, spheres, social and economic consequences of key «smart» technologies' application in Ukrainian industry (industrial robotics, artificial intelligence and Internet of Things) are that the latter have substantial influence on increase of factor and general efficiency of manufacturing. Primary concerns of industrial policy are outlined for the effective formation of "Industry 4.0" on the basis of «smart» innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Institutional conditions of the national woodworking industry's innovative development in the context of Ukrainian sustainable development were defined in the paper. These allowed to show that the actual requirement of time is to accelerate radical changes in the domestic market in terms of import substitution, as well as in the export's commodity structure, which should be based on the production of innovative competitive products with high share of value added. Authorths carried out the comparative analysis of technical and economic characteristics of traditional and new structural materials, that allowed to determine the most perspective types of products for the national woodworking industry. The estimation of an economic potential of the woodworking industry development on the basis of the implementation of new environmentally clean constructive materials from wood was carried out (in particular - the potential of energy saving in residential construction and modernization, as well as export potential of products with higher added value on the world markets. The conducted research shows high socio-economic and environmental effectiveness of projects for the organization of new constructive and thermal insulation materials from wood production. The analysis of institutional and financial mechanisms for the development of the market for new constructive materials from wood was carried out. It was proved that the widespread introduction of technologies for the production of new construction materials (wood chips) from wood is hampered by the imperfection of institutional conditions in the field of design and construction, as well as by the lack of financial mechanisms of public-private partnership in the process of improving advanced technologies in building. Authors offered measures to improve the institutional and financial provision of the new construction materials' expansion on wood market. Taking into account considerable demand, national production development of new construction materials from wood is one of the perspective directions of growth of the domestic market and import substitution in the economy of Ukraine. Due to this it was suggested to include the woodworking industry's development in the priority directions of industrial development in the context of sustainable development of Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the problem of forming the concept of neoindustrialization in Ukraine. The purpose of the paper is to provide the conceptual vision of Ukraini an national model of neoindustrialization taking into account both its key quality signs and country-specific factors. In many countries of the world it is emphasized the regular character of transition to the principles of neoindustrial development in the context of the emergence of new challenges and new technological opportunities. For Ukraine's economy that is closely related to the world one "neoindustrial break” to the new quality of the development has no alternatives in the context of achieving the strategic purposes of economic security, global competitiveness, and effective performance in world processes. The importance of making the own neoindustrial model for Ukraine considering the specific of internal problems and national strategy of development is marked out. On the basis of economic and statistical analysis the trends of development of the Ukraine's industry and the factors determining its industrial policy are educed. Taking into account the scales of general losses of Ukraine's industry it is suggested to form the national conception of neoindustrial development on the idea of re-industrialization. The revival of industrial production as a leading and high-efficiency component of the national economy is defined as the strategic goal of neoindustrialization in Ukraine. It is emphasized that the aims of neoindustrial model must be conditioned by strategic socio-economic interests of society, state, business, which require clear identification and co-ordination. Stage-by-stage aims, tasks and key evaluation indicators of neoindustrial strategy for the macro level of economy are offered. The importance of changes in composition of the key factors of economic dynamics is marked out. Competitive technological and product innovations, R&D, human and social capital, dynamic and balanced internal demand, effective export, international co-operation and integration in scientific and technical and productive spheres are ought to be among them. As the priorities for the national neoindustrial strategy such directions are proposed: large-scale and comprehensive innovation; development of the production structure; new efficient positioning in global processes and structures of economic cooperation and competition, GVCs and GSCs in particular. Priority must be given to strengthening of advantages of national intellectual capital and organization of transport and logistics services. The relevance of qualitative institutionalization for the successful implementation of neoindustrial development model is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]