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Universal basic income is a controversial policy which is causing a stir amongst academics, politicians, journalists and policy-makers all over the world. The idea of receiving ‘money for nothing', with no strings attached, has for a long time appeared a crazy or radical proposal. But today, this policy is being put into practice. With more and more trials and experiments taking place in different countries, this book provides both the theory and context for making sense of different basic income approaches, examining how the policy can be best implemented. Unlike many other texts written on this topic, the book provides a balanced account of basic income, weighing up the pros and cons from a number of different positions. The book provides a theory chapter, enabling readers to grasp some of the complex philosophical ideas and concepts which underpin universal basic income, such as social justice, equality and freedom. It also provides an examples chapter, which examines both historical and contemporary basic income studies to have taken place from around the globe. The book also features chapters on the environment and the work of women, as well as an ‘against'universal basic income chapter, which specifically draws on the criticisms of the policy. This volume is an essential resource for anyone who wishes to get to grips with universal basic income.

Im Zentrum der mikrosoziologisch und kulturpsychologisch informierten Studie steht die Subjektposition der armen Frau. Im Unterschied zu anderen Subjektpositionen geht diese nicht mit einem Versprechen sozialer Anerkennung einher, sondern erfolgt vorrangig unter Bedingungen symbolischer Prekarität. Anhand von Selbsterzählungen von Frauen in Armutslagen in Deutschland und den USA wird untersucht, wie die Erzählerinnen ihr Subjektsein narrativ verhandeln und damit personale Identität konstituieren. Die Analyse im methodologischen Rahmen der relationalen Hermeneutik rekonstruiert zwei Ebenen des Gegenstandes: Thematisch plausibilisieren die Erzählerinnen ihr Armsein entlang der Topoi Krankheit, Trennung, Kindheit und Schicksal. Strukturell sind ihre Erzählungen aufgespannt zwischen den Punkten Widerfahrnis und Handlung, Identifikation und Differenz, Zurechnung und Autonomie.Der InhaltEinführungSozial- und kulturwissenschaftliche Identitätsforschung im interpretativen ParadigmaPersonale IdentitätMethodik der Analyse personaler IdentitätFallvergleich und Typisierung: AnalyseTopik und Typologie: DiskussionSchlussDie AutorinDr. Sonja Teupen ist Wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin für Qualitative Methoden am Deutschen Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Standort Witten. Im Kontext der Demenz-Versorgungsforschung arbeitet sie unter anderem zum Thema Selbst und Personsein in sozialen Beziehungen. Daneben ist sie Lehrbeauftragte des Instituts für Soziologie an der FernUniversität in Hagen.

Konflikte um die Energiewende, um die Ausweisung neuer Nationalparks und die Planung von Städten haben eines gemeinsam: jeweils werden landschaftliche Deutungen als Argument für Erhalt oder Veränderung von beteiligten Konfliktparteien vorgebracht. Solche Konflikte lassen sich daher als Landschaftskonflikte verstehen. Der Band bringt verschiedene theoretische wie praktische Perspektiven auf ‚Konflikt‘ und ‚Landschaft‘ zusammen und fragt nach Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschieden landschaftlicher Konflikte, die sich beispielsweise im Kontext von Stadt(Landschaften), Großschutzgebieten, Naturschutzfragen, Wildnisentwicklung oder im Zuge der Energiewende ergeben.

The impetus to write this book grew out of curiosity and frustration. For a research project in which I was involved, I wanted to select an appropriate index to measure inequality, so I searched for a book that comprehensively reviewed the available indexes, identified their operational similarities and differences, and clarified their theoretical undetpinnings. Discovering that no such book existed, I became increasingly frustrated and curious. It became evident that I would have to undertake my own systematic review of the literature, presumably in my own discipline, in order to identify the alternative measures and choose an appropriate one on the basis of proper theoretical and methodological criteria. This effort led to additional frustrating discoveries. First, I encountered a bewildering abundance of inequality indexeswell over ftfty distinguishable measures. Second, my review of the methodological literature on inequality measurement took me through the issues of literally scores of professional journals in five academic disciplines-economics, geography, political science, sociology, and statistics. Third, although I found some cross-disciplinary referencing of inequality measures, by and large each discipline's inequality measurement remained insulated from that of other disciplines.

Society has developed so that it accommodates the needs of intertwined people, but a question arises as to which people have been accommodated. Has everyone been taken care of in an equal manner? If not, who has fallen into the gap between the institutions that are supposed to accommodate them? This book is a study of these issues of economy and disability using game theory, which has provided a means of analyzing various social phenomena. Part I provides actual cases related to economy and disability, with the stories based on interviews by the author. Part II is geared toward a game theoretic analysis. This book explains disability-related issues by game theory and innovates that theory by deeply contemplating the issues.It is not common that first-rate theorists manage to make their research relevant and applicable to the most pressing problems our society faces these days. This is the remarkable achievement of this book. Akihiko Matsui, an internationally recognized leader in economic theory, succeeds in bringing profound game theoretical insights to the questions of disability, the social norms relating to it, and the ethical and economic problems they raise. The book is a tour de force, brilliantly combining economic and sociology, mathematics and philosophy, to provide us a fresh look at the way we run modern societies.Itzahk Gilboa, Professor, Eitan Berglas School of Economics, Tel-Aviv University and Professor of Economics and Decision Sciences, HEC, ParisThe present world faces a broad range of societal problems such as discrimination against minorities and conflicts between groups. The market mechanism may solve some of these dilemmas, but many others remain. This book targets various societal problems and provides game theoretical approaches to them, stressing the importance of social institutions including the market system and individual interactive attitudes to society. Aki Matsui's splendid Economy and Disability is indispensable for students and scholars interested in social science, particularly in economic theory, and gives a better understanding of these phenomena and their potential cures.Mamoru Kaneko, Professor, Faculty of Political Science and Economics, Waseda UniversityIn this book, Aki Matsui is revealed to be a fully-fledged humanist in the guise of a game theoretician. He beautifully presents game-theoretical ideas while at the same time suggesting how society should relate to the disabled. This unique combination makes Economy and Disability—apart from anything else—a truly moving book.Ariel Rubinstein, Professor of Economics, Eitan Berglas School of Economics, Tel-Aviv University and Professor of Economics, New York University

Arbeit und Produktion sind im 21. Jahrhundert immer stärker grenzüberschreitend vernetzt. Dies galt aber bisher nicht in gleichem Maße für die Regulierung der Arbeits-, Beschäftigungs- und Partizipationsbedingungen der erwerbstätigen Menschen. Nationale Mechanismen und Institutionen dominieren immer noch die Festlegung etwa von Bezahlung, Arbeitszeit, Arbeitsschutz und Beteiligung der Beschäftigten. Bei genauerer Betrachtung zeigt sich eine Vielfalt von grenzüberschreitenden Formen der Festlegung z.B. von Mindeststandards für Arbeit und von Verhaltensregeln für internationale Konzerne. Es entsteht eine transnationale Netzwerktextur der Erwerbsregulierung, die internationale Organisationen, staatliche Akteure, Nicht-Regierungsorganisationen, globale Konzerne, Gewerkschaften und Arbeitnehmervertretungen einbezieht. Der ‚globalisierte Kapitalismus‘ agiert zwar grenzüberschreitend, aber nicht ungebändigt.

The study of racial and ethnic relations has become one of the most written about aspects in sociology and sociological research. In both North America and Europe, many'traditional'cultures are feeling threatened by immigrants from Latin America, Africa and Asia. This handbook is a true international collaboration looking at racial and ethnic relations from an academic perspective. It starts from the principle that sociology is at the hub of the human sciences concerned with racial and ethnic relations.

Originally published in 1982, Rethinking Social Inequality is a collection of essays looking at the breadth of contemporary work in social inequality. The book focuses on inequality as a central project of sociological enquiry, and is unified by the overarching rejection of a distributional notion of inequality, in the place of a relational one. The object of the study is not the deprived social group, but the unequal social relations, which is manifested in a variety of forms. The themes addressed in this collection indicate a shift in the areas of study concerned with social inequality, rejecting class-based inequality in with that of race, gender and age.

Twenty-First Century Inequality & Capitalism: Piketty, Marx and Beyond is a collection that begins with economist Thomas Piketty's 2014 book. Most chapters critique Piketty from the perspective of critical theory, global political economy or public sociology, drawing on the work of Karl Marx or the Marxist tradition. The emphasis focuses on elements that are under-theorized or omitted entirely from the economists'analysis. This includes the importance of considering class and labor dynamics, the recent rise of finance capitalism, insights from feminism, demography, and conflict studies, the Frankfurt School, the world market and the world-system, the rise of a transnational capitalist class, the coming environmental catastrophe, etc. Our goal is to fully understand and suggest action to address today's capitalist inequality crisis.Contributors are: Robert J. Antonio, J.I. (Hans) Bakker, Roslyn Wallach Bologh, Alessandro Bonanno, Christopher Chase-Dunn, Harry F. Dahms, Eoin Flaherty, Daniel Krier, Basak Kus, Lauren Langman, Dana Marie Louie, Peter Marcuse, Sandor Nagy, Charles Reitz, William I. Robinson, Saskia Sassen, David A. Smith, David N. Smith, Tony Smith, Michael Thompson, Sylvia Walby, Erik Olin Wright.

Andrea Hense entwickelt ein theoretisches Modell zur sozialen Erklärung subjektiver Ungleichheitswahrnehmungen, das eine theoriegeleitete Hypothesengenerierung anleitet und empirisch prüfbar ist. Ihr PFH-Modell kombiniert Lindenbergs Theorie sozialer Produktionsfunktionen mit Bourdieus Feld- und Habitustheorie und ergänzt ressourcenorientierte Ansätze mit einer relationalen und zeitlichen Analyseperspektive. Die Autorin wendet das Modell zur Analyse sozialer Einflussfaktoren selbst wahrgenommener Beschäftigungs- und Einkommensprekarität an und zeigt, wie es zur Hypothesengenerierung eingesetzt werden kann.

In Challenging the Status Quo: Diversity, Democracy, and Equality in the 21st Century, David G. Embrick, Sharon M. Collins, and Michelle Dodson have compiled the latest ideas and scholarship in the area of diversity and inclusion. The contributors in this edited book offer critical analyses on many aspects of diversity as it pertains to institutional policies, practices, discourse, and beliefs. The book is broken down into 19 chapters over 7 sections that cover: policies and politics; pedagogy and higher education; STEM; religion; communities; complex organizations; and discourse and identity. Collectively, these chapters contribute to answering three main questions: 1) what, ultimately, does diversity mean; 2) what are the various mechanisms by which institutions understand and use diversity; and 3) and why is it important for us to rethink diversity? Contributors: Sharla Alegria, Joyce M. Bell, Sharon M. Collins, Ellen Berrey, Enobong Hannah Branch, Meghan A. Burke, Tiffany Davis, Michele C. Deramo, Michelle Dodson, David G. Embrick, Edward Orozco Flores, Emma González-Lesser, Bianca Gonzalez-Sobrino, Matthew W. Hughey, Paul R. Ketchum, Megan Klein, Michael Kreiter, Marie des Neiges Léonard, Wendy Leo Moore, Shan Mukhtar, Antonia Randolph, Victor Erik Ray, Arthur Scarritt, Laurie Cooper Stoll.

Inequality is one of the most burning issues of our time, affecting young people in particular. What causes inequality? And how can actors at the local level combat the causes, not only the symptoms? By seeking to answer these questions, the book will contribute to this growing and transdisciplinary subject area by using mainly qualitative research and a perspective that integrates theory in every phase of the analysis. Drawing on cultural political economy, based on critical realism, the author claims that the most important causes of inequality are the ones inherent as potentials in capitalism and the capitalist type of state. Compared with the first post-war decades, these potential causes have been actualised differently since around 1980. They are also actualised differently across Europe. The book explores these differences concerning growth models and welfare regimes. In general, societies have developed into a new condition of social inclusion, which explains why many young people have become excluded. Societal borders have arisen in the cities, separating the winners and losers of inequality. Positioning itself outside the box of what tends to be the majority of the publications in the field, the book proposes knowledge alliances between young people, policy-makers, civil society and researchers to combat the causes of inequality.

This title was first published in 2000: John Braithwaite is a distinguished criminologist with an international reputation in the study of regulation and globalization. This collection contains his most important and influential essays in criminal justice and business regulation. It has a substantial introduction explaining the thematization of his work around the design of regulatory systems to maximize freedoms as non-domination.

Aktuelle gesellschaftliche Dynamiken führen zu vielfältigen Veränderungen in den Lebensbedingungen und Wertorientierungen in Österreich. Neben kontinuierlichen Entwicklungen zeigen sich bei den Wertorientierungen auch neue Tendenzen im Spannungsfeld zwischen Tradition und Neuorientierung. Vor dem Hintergrund zunehmender sozialer Ungleichheit werden Wandlungsprozesse bei Arbeit und Erwerbstätigkeit, Bildungschancen, Geschlechterrollen, Partnerschaft und Familie, Politik sowie Lebensqualität thematisiert. Diese Trends werden auf Grundlage repräsentativer Umfragen zwischen 1986 und 2016 dargestellt und diskutiert.

This book explores how structures of social inequality are linked to the social connections that people hold. The authors focus upon occupational inequalities where they see, for example, that the typical friendship patterns of people from one occupation are often very different to those of people from another. Social Inequalities and Occupational Stratification leverages empirical data about differences in social connections to chart structures of social distance and social inequality. Several of its chapters provide coverage of the long-standing Cambridge Social Interaction and Stratification scale (CAMSIS) project and its approach to analysing social interaction patterns in terms of a single dimension related to social inequality.

Die Beiträge dieses Sammelbandes befassen sich mit Theorien und Modellen sowie Ansätzen für die Praxis der Schuldenprävention und Armutsbekämpfung. Die Beitragsautorinnen und -autoren untersuchen, wie benachteiligte Personengruppen erreicht werden können, sie beleuchten die Zusammenhänge zwischen Armut, Verschuldung und Schuldenprävention und thematisieren die Vermittlung von Finanzwissen und Finanzkompetenz für die Zielgruppe der Schülerinnen und Schüler und Auszubildenden. Das Buch zeigt den aktuellen Fachdiskurs zur Praxis der Schuldenprävention im deutschsprachigen Raum auf und gibt Hilfestellungen, um die Arbeit zu diesem Themenkomplex zu reflektieren und theoriegeleitet weiterzuentwickeln.

Der Begriff des Migrationsregimes erfreut sich großer Beliebtheit. Er verspricht einen analytischen Zugriff auf die Komplexität der Beziehung von Migration und Regulation. Dabei wird er jedoch sehr unterschiedlich genutzt und gedeutet. Die Herausgeber des Sammelbandes verstehen diese Vielstimmigkeit als einen Aufruf zur Debatte. Aufbauend auf einem längeren Austauschprozess auf Tagungen und Workshops haben sie Forscher•innen, die zentrale Fachrichtungen einer interdisziplinären Migrationsforschung und deren unterschiedliche Perspektiven vertreten, eingeladen, die Grundannahmen, Potentiale und Herausforderungen des Ansatzes zu diskutieren. Die so versammelten kritischen Einsichten in ein Schlüsselkonzept der modernen Migrationswissenschaft leuchten Wege aus, wie Fragen von Machtverteilung, Agency und Aushandlung systematischer in die Migrationsforschung einbezogen werden können.

Redistribution of the world's wealth, not only among nation. states but among cultural, class, and sexual groups, has become increasingly a major issue of concern. This book examines existing inequality in both the domestic and international arenas. Its multidisciplinary approach facilitates an understanding of the complex structure of global distr

This book redirects the focus of public debate to issues of gender and racial segregation and suggests that they should be fundamental to thinking about the status of black Americans and the origins of the urban underclass. It is a starting point for students and advanced scholars of inequality.

This book provides selections from the seminal works of Karl Marx, Max Weber, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman that reveal some of the reasons why class, race, and gender inequalities have proven very adaptive and can flourish even today in the 21st century.

This book critically reviews existing digital divide research and challenges its core thesis, which posits unequal Internet access as a newly formed source of social disadvantage. The author begins by introducing the building blocks of the information society theory. The book goes on to present a systematic overview of digital divide research - its development, arguments attesting to the social gravity of the digital divide, and current findings on the uneven diffusion and use of the Internet. It evaluates the validity of the theories and concepts associated with digital divide research. The author offers an overview and re-examination of six presumptions and biases found in the prevailing approach to the digital divide. Given that Internet use has, in certain contexts, become an absolute necessity, an alternative approach is proposed, recognizing the indispensability of Internet use as context dependent. The book concludes with a consideration of the implications that this new perspective has for the information society theory and policies as well as for the role of social science in the informatization process.

Leif-Hagen Seibert carries out a three-step praxeological analysis of empirical data from field studies in the research project “The ethos of religious peace builders” that allows for novel assessments of societal conjuncture (field theory), subjective meaning (habitus analysis), and the mutual ‘rules of engagement'of religious practice (the religious nomos). Over the course of this three-step argument, the sociological concept of religious credibility – i.e. the determinants of religious legitimacy – gains more and more contours and facilitates the reevaluation of risks and chances in a peace process where religion is a vector for both peace and division.

Das Buch bietet erstmalig eine Systematisierung der Forschungsstrategien und Methoden, mit denen qualitative Milieuanalysen durchgeführt werden können. Neben den konzeptionellen Beiträgen bieten auch die exemplarischen Studien einen Überblick über die aktuelle Praxis der qualitativen Forschung zu Milieus.

Based on a study among higher-educated adult children of lower-class Turkish and Moroccan immigrants in the Netherlands, this open access book explores processes of identification among social climbers with ethnic minority backgrounds. Using both survey data and open interviews with these ‘minority climbers', the study details the contextual and temporal nature of identification. The results illustrate how ethnicity is contextual but have tangible and inescapable effects at the same time. Also the findings call for a more reflexive use of terms like ethnic ingroup/outgroup and bonding/bridging. Overall, the book helps us understand the emergence of middle-class segments that articulate their minority identities and as such it will be of great interest to academics, policy makers and all those interested in processes of integration and/or diversity.

Oriented toward the introductory student, The Inequality Reader is the essential textbook for today's undergraduate courses. The editors, David B. Grusky and Szonja Szelenyi, have assembled the most important classic and contemporary readings about how poverty and inequality are generated and how they might be reduced. With thirty new readings, the second edition provides new materials on anti-poverty policies as well as new qualitative readings that make the scholarship more alive, more accessible, and more relevant. Now more than ever, The Inequality Reader is the one-stop compendium of all the must-read pieces, simply the best available introduction to the stratifi cation canon.

Raising to the challenge of how to grasp such forms of inequalities that are mediated affectively, Affective Inequalities in Intimate Relationships focuses on subtle inequalities that are shaped in everyday affective encounters. It also seeks to bridge a gap between affect theory and empirical social research by providing ideas and inspiration of how to work with affect in research practice. Presenting cutting-edge empirical studies on affect and intimate relationships, the collection- introduces alternative and novel ways of conceptualizing the workings of affect in intimate relationships- provides tools for tackling the subtle ways in which affectivity connects with power relations in intimate relations- develops innovative methodologies that provide better access to affect as an embodied experienceA fascinating contribution to the interdisciplinary field of affect studies, Affective Inequalities in Intimate Relationships will appeal to advanced undergraduates and postgraduates interested in fields such as gender studies, queer studies and cultural studies.

Inequality is one of the most discussed topics of our times. Yet, we still do not know how to tackle the issue effectively. The book argues that this is due to the lack of understanding the structures responsible for the persistence of social inequality. It enquires into the mechanisms that produce and reproduce invisible dividing lines in society. Based on original case studies of Brazil, Germany, India and Laos comprising thousands of interviews, the authors argue that invisible classes emerge in capitalist societies, both reproducing and transforming precapitalist hierarchies. At the same time, locally particular forms of inequality persist. Social inequality in the contemporary world has to be understood as a specific combination of precapitalist inequalities, capitalist transformation and a particular class structure, which seems to emerge in all capitalist societies. The book links the configurations to an interpretation of global domination as well as to symbolic classification.

La question des inégalités (de classe, de statut économique, ethno-raciales, de genre...), définies comme une différence d'accès à des biens sociaux jugée injustifiée, est au coeur de la sociologie. Cet ouvrage a pour ambition de proposer le bilan le plus complet possible des travaux et connaissances sociologiques sur le sujet, et d'ouvrir des pistes de réflexion sur le domaine : quelle est la genèse de la notion d'inégalité? Pourquoi les inégalités se transmettent et se reproduisent-elles? Quels sont les rôles respectifs de la famille, du système éducatif, des pouvoirs publics? Comment et dans quelle mesure l'Etat parvient-il à corriger les inégalités de départ entre les groupes sociaux? Un ouvrage assorti de nombreux exemples internationaux et de figures originales.

This book takes up the problems of social policy, state intervention and support in the hard times of austerity introduced by the Coalition government 2010-15, and continued under the Conservative government today. At a time when the economy is growing and pay levels finally rising, the necessity for more cuts in public expenditure is fiercely contested. The scope of state services, the levels of support for people in need, and the kinds of organizations that will deliver the services, will all be profoundly affected in coming years. The authors and editors assess some of these consequences visible now in the impact that expenditure cuts and reorganization have had on many areas of social policy, and explore the direction of change in the near future.Austerity Policies evaluates a wide range of changing form of state services and the transformations involving both the recipients and those delivering the services. It considers the past, presentand future of austerity as a policy, and the problems affecting particular groups such as offenders, looked after children, and professionals such as social care workers and those engaged with domestic violence. The collection will be of interest to students and scholars of social policy, criminology, sociology, politics and media studies.

The book covers the research on economic inequality, including the social construction of racial categories, the uneven and stalled gender revolution, and the role of new educational forms and institutions in generating both equality and inequality.

The book presents a critical framework for assessing whether organisational practice and function reinforces unseen potential differences amongst individuals in the workplace. It offers a comprehensive understanding and awareness of managerial and organisational practices that perpetuate social exclusion and discrimination towards individuals in the workplace. The book draws together themes of non-declared medical or physical conditions, voluntary and involuntary disclosure of difference, dietary requirements, lifestyle, organisational engagement and cognitive bias. As a result, the book provides a unique blend of scholarly and professional research, and brings those who have been affected by social stigmas and discrimination in the workplace to the fore. Hidden Inequalities in the Workplace also offers practical and strategic insights for practitioners, students and policy-makers, and delves the strategic nature of policy intervention and thought-provoking dialogue

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.This book presents insights into the lived realities of children with disabilities in primary schools in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. It examines specific cultural and societal characteristics of Ethiopia that influence the education of children with disabilities. The book presents findings drawn from interviews with, and participant observation of the schoolchildren, family members, teachers and other “experts”, and places these findings in a cultural-historical context. The multidimensional approach taken allows for, on the one hand, the provision of a historical grounding of the book, explaining the main historical junctures and their implications for education, and the discussion of the role of culture and society as barriers and facilitators of education. On the other hand, it gives the book a more personal angle, allowing the reader to gain insight into what it means to feel like a family, develop a sense of belonging, and trying to move toward educational equity.

In diesem Buch werden die Ungleichheitsparameter der Bildungsabschlüsse und beruflichen Positionen anhand der österreichischen Volkszählungsdaten 2001 analysiert. Im Zentrum stehen die erste und zweite Generation der beiden Anwerbegruppen aus dem ehemaligen Jugoslawien und der Türkei. Mithilfe des neu entworfenen Kriterienkatalogs QS MIGDA für migrationsspezifische Datenanalyse werden existierende Forschungsergebnisse kritisch gesichtet und zur Bewertung des Ausmaßes der Ungleichheit das DMR-Profil als neues Instrument entwickelt.

This book explores how changes that occurred around 1989 shaped the study of the social sciences, and scrutinizes the impact of the paradigm of neoliberalism in different disciplinary fields. The contributors examine the ways in which capitalism has transmuted into a seemingly unquestionable, triumphant framework that globally articulates economics with epistemology and social ontology. The volume also investigates how new narratives of capitalism are being developed by social scientists in order to better understand capitalism's ramifications in various domains of knowledge. At its heart, Beyond Neoliberalism seeks to unpack and disaggregate neoliberalism, and to take readers beyond the analytical limitations that a traditional framework of neoliberalism entails.This book is a result of discussions at and support from the Irmgard Coninx Fundation.

Progressive theorists and activists insist that contemporary capitalism is deeply flawed from a normative point of view. However, most accept the liberal egalitarian thesis that the serious shortcomings of market societies (financial excess, inequality, and so on) could be overcome with proper political regulation. Building on Marx's legacy, Tony Smith argues in Beyond Liberal Egalitarianism that advocates of this thesis (Rawls, Habermas, Stiglitz, et al.) lack an adequate concept of capital and the state. These theorists also fail to comprehend new developments in world history ensuring that the'destructive'aspects of capitalism increasingly outweigh whatever'creative'elements it might continue to possess. Smith concludes that a normative social theory adequate to the twenty-first century must explicitly and unequivocally embrace socialism.

This book draws on a wealth of evidence including young people's own stories, to document how they are now faring in increasingly unequal societies like America, Britain, Australia, France and Spain. It points to systematic generational inequality as those born since 1980 become the first generation to have a lower standard of living than previous generations. While governments and experts typically explain this by referring to globalization, new technologies, or young people's deficits, the authors of this book offer a new political economy of generations, which identifies the central role played by governments promoting neoliberal policies that exacerbate existing social inequalities based on age, ethnicity, gender and class. The book is a must read for social science students, human service workers and policy-makers and indeed for anyone interested in understanding the impact of government policy over the last 40 years on young people.

How genomics is revolutionizing the social sciencesFor a century, social scientists have avoided genetics like the plague. But the nature-nurture wars are over. In the past decade, a small but intrepid group of economists, political scientists, and sociologists have harnessed the genomics revolution to paint a more complete picture of human social life than ever before. The Genome Factor describes the latest astonishing discoveries being made at the scientific frontier where genomics and the social sciences intersect.The Genome Factor reveals that there are real genetic differences by racial ancestry—but ones that don't conform to what we call black, white, or Latino. Genes explain a significant share of who gets ahead in society and who does not, but instead of giving rise to a genotocracy, genes often act as engines of mobility that counter social disadvantage. An increasing number of us are marrying partners with similar education levels as ourselves, but genetically speaking, humans are mixing it up more than ever before with respect to mating and reproduction. These are just a few of the many findings presented in this illuminating and entertaining book, which also tackles controversial topics such as genetically personalized education and the future of reproduction in a world where more and more of us are taking advantage of cheap genotyping services like 23andMe to find out what our genes may hold in store for ourselves and our children.The Genome Factor shows how genomics is transforming the social sciences—and how social scientists are integrating both nature and nurture into a unified, comprehensive understanding of human behavior at both the individual and society-wide levels.

Die Beiträge des Bandes zeigen und diskutieren das Potenzial einer mikrosoziologischen, prozessorientierten – qualitativen – Ungleichheitsforschung. Sie spüren Praktiken sozialer Besser- und Schlechterstellung in den Bereichen Bildung, Arbeit, soziale Beziehungen und Migration auf. Mit der interpretativen, handlungstheoretischen oder praxissoziologischen Perspektive machen sie das „Doing Inequality“, die Gemachtheit und die Vollzugswirklichkeit sozialer Ungleichheit sowie die Rolle von Akteuren bei der Herstellung, der Reproduktion und dem Wandel von sozialen Ungleichheiten zentral. Soziale Ungleichheiten ergeben sich aus der regelmäßig ungleichen Verteilung „wertvoller Güter“ einer Gesellschaft. Doch wie werden diese zugeteilt, angeeignet oder vorenthalten?

Die Geschlechterverhältnisse verändern sich heute in widersprüchlicher Weise. Zunehmender Gleichheit in Beruf und Beziehungen für manche Frauen stehen vertiefte intersektionale Ungleichheiten nach Klasse, Migration und Geschlecht gegenüber. Der Band untersucht diese Veränderungen in den Körpern, Emotionen und Subjektivitäten und er betrachtet die neoliberalen geschlechtlichen Neuformierungen von Staat und globaler Politik. Was bedeuten die Nutzung weiblicher ‚Potenziale'in verschiedenen Klassen, die Flexibilisierung von Männlichkeiten oder die zunehmende Akzeptanz von Homosexualität und sexueller Vielfalt in staatlichen Politiken? Und inwiefern können leitende Theorieansätze diese Veränderungen erfassen? Wie muss man Geschlecht, Globalisierung oder Kapitalismus (neu) denken, um die Transformationen zu verstehen?

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.This edited volume examines how economic processes have worked upon social lives and social realities in Latin America during the past decades. Through tracing the effects of the neoliberal epoch into the era of the so-called pink tide, the book seeks to understand to what extent the turn to the left at the start of the millennium managed to challenge historically constituted configurations of inequality. A central argument in the book is that in spite of economic reforms and social advances on a range of arenas, the fundamental tenants of socio-economic inequalities have not been challenged substantially. As several countries are now experiencing a return to right-wing politics, this collection helps us better understand why inequalities are so entrenched in the Latin American continent, but also the complex and creative ways that it is continuously contested. The book directs itself to students, scholars and anyone interested in Latin America, economic anthropology, political anthropology, left-wing politics, poverty and socio-economic inequalities.

This classic volume was originally designed as an introduction to social science perspectives on a broad range of social issues in American society, specifically the complex social problems of the 1960s. Because the volume is structured as a survey, it is neither exhaustive or defi nitive. It does provide a wide range of information about these problems, as well as the many diff erent policy initiatives that were developed to cope with them. Readers can learn a great deal about the common themes, predilections and quandaries that characterized United States responses to the complex problems of the 1960s and the patterns of inequality and injustice prevalent at that time.The essays were selected to cover the range of substantive problematic issues of the period, the social science perspectives that were brought to bear on them, and the range of social science methodologies used. Finally, the selections emphasize the contributions that can be made to understanding social problems by intensive and rigorous social science research.Journalists and popular writers use a common sense approach to their study of social problems, and the results are often imaginative and incisive. Th e tools of social scientists produce information and analyses that contribute far more to our understanding than even the most insightful journalist can achieve. Th e selections in this volume highlight the deeper and more fundamental understanding of social issues that can come from rigorous analysis of government statistics, and from special sample surveys, from in-depth ethnographic studies.

For over twenty-five years, Charles C. Ragin has developed Qualitative Comparative Analysis and related set-analytic techniques as a means of bridging qualitative and quantitative methods of research. Now, with Peer C. Fiss, Ragin uses these impressive new tools to unravel the varied conditions affecting life chances. Ragin and Fiss begin by taking up the controversy regarding the relative importance of test scores versus socioeconomic background on life chances, a debate that has raged since the 1994 publication of Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray's TheBell Curve. In contrast to prior work, Ragin and Fiss bring an intersectional approach to the evidence, analyzing the different ways that advantages and disadvantages combine in their impact on life chances. Moving beyond controversy and fixed policy positions, the authors propose sophisticated new methods of analysis to underscore the importance of attending to configurations of race, gender, family background, educational achievement, and related conditions when addressing social inequality in America today.

The Enlightenment promised humanity a bright future of emancipation which never actuallymaterialized. Instead, our social order is still based on gender inequality, which rests upon afalse conviction: that the individual can be conceived of as separate from community; that the more individualized a person is, the less they need to establish links with their community to feel safe; and that the more they use reason to build a relationship with the world, the less they need emotions. Th is conviction, which guides the ideals of our social system, is based on a fantasy: the fantasy of individuality.This volume is a step in fleshing out the historical reasons for gender inequality from theorigins of humankind to present times in the Western world. It is a theoretically-informedand up-to-date overview of the history of gender inequality that takes as its starting pointthe mechanisms through which human beings construct their self-identity.Starting from a peripheral, interdisciplinary and heterodox perspective, this book intends toappraise the complexity of gender identity in all its richness and diversity. It seeks to understand the persistence of relationality in supposedly fully individualized male selves, and the construction of new forms of individuality among women that did not follow the masculine model. It is argued here that by balancing community and self beyond the contradictions of hegemonic masculinity, modern women are struggling to build a new, more empowering form of personhood.The author is an archaeologist, who uses her discipline not only to provide data, theory anda long-term perspective, but also in a metaphorical sense: to construct a socio-historicalgenealogy of current gender systems, through an examination of how personhood and self- identity have been constructed in the Western world.

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.This book brings together a range of ideas and theories to arrive at a deeper understanding of inequality in Latin America and its complex realities. To so, it addresses questions such as: What are the origins of inequality in Latin America? How can we create societies that are more equal in terms of income distribution, gender equality and opportunities? How can we remedy the social divide that is making Latin America one of the most unequal regions on earth? What are the roles played by market forces, institutions and ideology in terms of inequality?In this book, a group of global experts gathered by the Institute for the Integration of Latin America and the Caribbean (INTAL), part of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), show readers how various types of inequality, such as economical, educational, racial and gender inequality have been practiced in countries like Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Mexico and many others through the centuries.Presenting new ideas, new evidence, and new methods, the book subsequently analyzes how to move forward with second-generation reforms that lay the foundations for more egalitarian societies. As such, it offers a valuable and insightful guide for development economists, historians and Latin American specialists alike, as well as students, educators, policymakers and all citizens with an interest in development, inequality and the Latin American region.

Forbes reports that the richest 1 percent of the world's population owns nearly half the world's wealth, and the gap between the richest and poorest of the world only continues to increase. Deep Inequality looks behind these stark statistics to understand not only wealth inequality but also rising disparities in other elements of life—from education to the media. The authors argue that inequality has become so pervasive that it is the new normal. When we do recognize troubling inequality, we look at individual or small-scale problems without understanding the broader structural issues that shape the economy, the global political system, and more. Only by understanding the structural forces at play can we recognize the deep divisions in our society and work for meaningful change. Deep Inequality explains the changing landscape of inequality to help readers see society in a new way.

Immigration and Categorical Inequality explains the general processes of migration, the categorization of newcomers in urban areas as racial or ethnic others, and the mechanisms that perpetuate inequality among groups. Inspired by the pioneering work of Charles Tilly on chain migration, transnational communities, trust networks, and categorical inequality, renowned migration scholars apply Tilly's theoretical concepts using empirical data gathered in different historical periods and geographical areas ranging from New York to Tokyo and from Barcelona to Nepal. The contributors of this volume demonstrate the ways in which social boundary mechanisms produce relational processes of durable categorical inequality. This understanding is an important step to stop treating differences between certain groups as natural and unchangeable. This volume will be valuable for scholars, students, and the public in general interested in understanding the periodic rise of nativism in the United States and elsewhere.

Drawing on the thought of Max Weber, in particular his theory of stratification, this book engages with the question of whether the digital divide simply extends traditional forms of inequality, or whether it also includes new forms of social exclusion, or perhaps manifests counter-trends that alleviate traditional inequalities whilst constituting new modalities of inequality. With attention to the manner in which social stratification in the digital age is reproduced and transformed online, the author develops an account of stratification as it exists in the digital sphere, advancing the position that, just as in the social sphere, inequalities in the online world go beyond the economic elements of inequality. As such, study of the digital divide should focus not simply on class dynamics or economic matters, but cultural aspects - such as status or prestige - and political aspects - such as group affiliations. Demonstrating the enduring relevance of Weber's distinctions with regard to social inequality, The Third Digital Divide: A Weberian approach to rethinking digital inequalities explores the ways in which online activities and digital skills vary according to crucial sociological dimensions, explaining these in concrete terms in relation to the dynamics of social class, social status and power. As such, it will be of interest to social scientists with interests in sociological theory, the sociology of science and technology, and inequality and the digital divide.

Das Buch beleuchtet die aktuellen gesellschaftlichen Entwicklungsbedingungen in der EU in vergleichender Perspektive. Auf der Basis theoretischer Ansätze und umfassender empirischer Befunde werden die Ursachen des weitreichenden gesellschaftlichen Unbehagens der BürgerInnen, zentrale Charakteristika der aktuellen Stimmungslagen in Europa und potentielle Solidaritätseinschränkungen im Zuge der Krise analysiert. Die vorliegende Monographie wurde als Habilitationsschrift an der Universität Salzburg approbiert. Auszüge aus den Gutachten:„Ich wünsche der Arbeit, dass sie die breite Leserschaft erreicht, die sie verdient.“ (Nina Baur, TU Berlin)„Unverkennbar stellt die Arbeit den Versuch eines großen Wurfs dar, analytisch auf der Höhe der Theoriediskussion, methodisch elaboriert und empirisch gehaltvoll.“ (Georg Vobruba, Universität Leipzig)„I am impressed by Aschauer´s knowledge and good use of so many statistical techniques.” (Eldad Davidov, Universität Zürich)

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.This book analyses the considerable variation in the shares of private provision for core services in education, health and social services, in the Scandinavian countries.The chapters compare countries, service areas, and the for-profit, non-profit and public sectors. Each focuses on different levels of change: the mix of welfare providers, national laws and regulations, governance in municipalities, nursing homes and schools, and finally, the consequences experienced by the users of the services. The authors ask which combinations of governance structures, service sector providers, and user choice give the best results for active citizenship. Promoting Active Citizenship will be of interest to students and scholars across a range of disciplines, including Public Administration and Management, Non-Profit Management, Social Policy, Innovation in Public Service, Social Care and Education and School Research.

This edited collection offers the latest research into the reproduction of ‘hegemonic'discourse and the ways in which the description and evaluation of social groups affects their ability to exercise cultural and political autonomy. The book examines the representations of a number of communities and social groups, both within their ‘micro-contexts', and with reference to the economic, political, social, cultural and technological ‘macro-contexts'in which they are embedded. The analysis highlights the connections between discourse, power, dominance and social inequality, focusing on patriarchal, capitalist and postcolonial representations and power imbalances. Based on a combination of theoretical and empirical analyses, the collection offers an array of macro-social critiques based on the analysis and critical understanding of contemporary contexts and representations, and how they contribute to political, social, economic and cultural practices.