Search

Globalization and unemployment are two phenomena which are amongst the most widely discussed subjects in the economic debate today. Often, globalization is regarded as being responsible for the increase in unemployment, particularly in unskilled labor. This book deals with the correlation between globalization and unemployment under various aspects: historical aspects of globalization, empirical trends and theoretical explanations of unemployment, effects of globalization in general and of European Monetary Union in particular on umemployment, labor market policy in a global economy, the impact of fiscal policy on unemployment in a global economy, as well as the effects of globalization on inflation and national stabilization policy.

Since its existence in the 1950s, consumer policy in Germany has been understood and pursued primarily as a bundle of actions and measures initiated and institutionalised by the state. In many cases, the state has also issued corresponding mandates and set up support models, which has created the impression that we are basically dealing with a'consumer policy from above'imposed by macro-politics. Not that there have not been repeated attempts in the past decades to give impetus to consumer policy from the middle of civil society - often in the form of small citizens'initiatives. And in recent years in particular, a number of new consumer organisations have emerged which operate much closer to the grass roots. Nevertheless, the impression seems to have taken root among the large, government-related'players'in the field, who have been in the'business'for decades, not to mention government-internal consumer policy, that consumer policy concerns a policy field that is essentiallyordered by a collaboration of the state on the one hand, and consumer protection organisations representing all consumers equally on the other, while the many small consumer initiatives, not even started by individual committed consumers, regularly fall behind in comparison. This perspective refers largely to the view of and from the centre of politics. This volume is intended to go some way towards countering the institutionally prevailing impression that, in principle, there is only'consumer policy from above'that is really effective and assertive.The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence. A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content.

This open access book shows policymakers which initiatives work when responding to the increasing diversity in cities, towns and neighborhood's. In recent times, policymakers have grappled with ways of responding to this increase, which has resulted in a plethora of policy initiatives, some more effective than others. Bringing together a large amount of research and evidence-based policy recommendations, this book offers both a sense of strategic direction as well as more specific, actionable advice. It brings together a remarkable mixture of policy areas that touch upon issues of diversity, immigration policy, education, and labour policy. It is of benefit and importance to all those making policies for a country with increasing immigration.

In this third iteration of the classic work The Impacts of Racism on White Americans (1981, 1996), a new generation of scholars make the case that racism often negatively affects Whites themselves, especially during the Trump era. In 1981, Impacts introduced an alternative understanding of racism, arguing that it went beyond white-black and/or inter-race relations. Instead, the book proposed that the problem of race in the U.S. is fundamentally one of white identity and culture and that racism has substantial negative effects on White Americans. This volume advances these propositions through three key areas: (1) Trump-era cultural and institutional racism, bolstered by the use of historical notions of racial hierarchy; (2) institutional and interpersonal racism, which in turn drive individual racist behaviors; and finally, (3) racism's interactional sequences and how they impact anti-racism efforts. As each chapter author explores an iteration of these racisms, they also explore how racist attitudes produce disadvantage among White Americans.

Verbraucherpolitik wurde in Deutschland seit ihrem Bestehen in den 1950er Jahren vorwiegend als ein Aktions‐ und Maßnahmenbündel verstanden und betrieben, das in erster Linie staatlicherseits initiiert und institutionalisiert wurde. Oftmals auch wurden von Staats wegen entsprechende Aufträge erteilt und Fördermodelle aufgesetzt, wodurch ein Erscheinungsbild entstand, als ob man es im Grunde nur mit einer durch die Makropolitik verordneten ‚Verbraucherpolitik von oben‘ herab zu tun hätte. Nicht, dass in diesen zurückliegenden Jahrzehnten nicht auch immer wieder Versuche unternommen worden wären, verbraucherpolitische Anstöße aus der Mitte der Zivilgesellschaft – oft in Gestalt kleiner Bürgerinitiativen – zu geben. Und gerade in den letzten Jahren sind einige neue Verbraucherorganisationen entstanden, die ungleich basisnäher operieren. Dennoch scheint sich bei den großen, regierungsnahen ‚Playern‘ im Feld, die schon jahrzehntelang im ‚Geschäft‘ sind, von der regierungsinternen Verbraucherpolitik ganz zu schweigen, der Eindruck festgesetzt zu haben, Verbraucherpolitik betreffe ein Politikfeld, das im Wesentlichen durch eine Kollaboration von Staat einerseits, sämtliche Verbraucher und Verbraucherinnen gleichermaßen vertretenden Verbraucherschutzorganisationen andererseits bestellt wird, während die vielen kleinen Verbraucherinitiativen, von einzelnen engagierten Verbrauchern oder Verbraucherinnen gar nicht erst angefangen, demgegenüber regelmäßig ins Hintertreffen geraten. Diese Perspektive bezieht sich größtenteils auf die Sicht auf und aus dem Zentrum der Politik heraus. Diesem institutionell vorherrschenden Eindruck, es gäbe im Prinzip nur ‚Verbraucherpolitik von oben‘, die wirklich schlag‐ und durchsetzungsfähig sei, soll mit diesem Band ein Stück weit entgegengewirkt werden.

Arbeit und Produktion sind im 21. Jahrhundert immer stärker grenzüberschreitend vernetzt. Dies galt aber bisher nicht in gleichem Maße für die Regulierung der Arbeits-, Beschäftigungs- und Partizipationsbedingungen der erwerbstätigen Menschen. Nationale Mechanismen und Institutionen dominieren immer noch die Festlegung etwa von Bezahlung, Arbeitszeit, Arbeitsschutz und Beteiligung der Beschäftigten. Bei genauerer Betrachtung zeigt sich eine Vielfalt von grenzüberschreitenden Formen der Festlegung z.B. von Mindeststandards für Arbeit und von Verhaltensregeln für internationale Konzerne. Es entsteht eine transnationale Netzwerktextur der Erwerbsregulierung, die internationale Organisationen, staatliche Akteure, Nicht-Regierungsorganisationen, globale Konzerne, Gewerkschaften und Arbeitnehmervertretungen einbezieht. Der ‚globalisierte Kapitalismus‘ agiert zwar grenzüberschreitend, aber nicht ungebändigt.

Das Buch beleuchtet die aktuellen gesellschaftlichen Entwicklungsbedingungen in der EU in vergleichender Perspektive. Auf der Basis theoretischer Ansätze und umfassender empirischer Befunde werden die Ursachen des weitreichenden gesellschaftlichen Unbehagens der BürgerInnen, zentrale Charakteristika der aktuellen Stimmungslagen in Europa und potentielle Solidaritätseinschränkungen im Zuge der Krise analysiert. Die vorliegende Monographie wurde als Habilitationsschrift an der Universität Salzburg approbiert. Auszüge aus den Gutachten:„Ich wünsche der Arbeit, dass sie die breite Leserschaft erreicht, die sie verdient.“ (Nina Baur, TU Berlin)„Unverkennbar stellt die Arbeit den Versuch eines großen Wurfs dar, analytisch auf der Höhe der Theoriediskussion, methodisch elaboriert und empirisch gehaltvoll.“ (Georg Vobruba, Universität Leipzig)„I am impressed by Aschauer´s knowledge and good use of so many statistical techniques.” (Eldad Davidov, Universität Zürich)

Der Islam in Deutschland blickt auf eine über 50jährige Geschichte zurück, die wesentlich auf die Arbeitsmigration aus islamisch geprägten Ländern zurückgeht. Obwohl die Zahl der Muslime und ihre religiösen Organisationen bereits seit den 1970er Jahren stark zugenommen hat, sind islamkonnotierte Themen und Debatten erst zu Beginn der 2000er Jahre zu verzeichnen. Zum einen ist diese Entwicklung im Kontext globaler und europäischer Prozesse zu bewerten. Zum anderen aber auch die Tatsache, dass infolge der quantitativen und qualitativen Relevanz der muslimischen Minorität die Politik den Islam im integrations- und bildungspolitischen Kontext nicht mehr ausblenden konnte. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser ambivalenten Entwicklung hat sich der vorliegende Band zum Ziel gesetzt, eine Bestandsaufnahme der 50jährigen islamischen Geschichte im Kontext der Arbeitsmigration vorzulegen. In fünf zentralen Themenschwerpunkten soll das Leben der Muslime in Deutschland analysiert werden, um ein Gesamtbild zuerarbeiten.

Das Buch versammelt Beiträge, die neue Perspektiven auf „den Osten“ eröffnen. Sie hinterfragen jenseits einer den Diskurs lähmenden „Einheitsfiktion“ unterkomplexe Ost-West- und Wiedervereinigungsnarrative sowie Nachwendemythen und decken blinde Flecken in der bisherigen Ostdeutschlandforschung auf. Forschungslogisch sind sie verstärkt theoriegeleitet und qualitativ ausgerichtet. Auf diese Art lösen sie die privaten und politischen sowie die wissenschaftlichen Diskurse aus ihrer Trägheit und Eindimensionalität und tragen zu einem besseren Verständnis des Werden und Seins innerdeutscher (Ungleichheits-) Verhältnisse bei.

Dieses Buch zeigt neue Wege auf, Indien zu verstehen. Hierzu werden aus kritischer Perspektive folgende fünf Thesen zu Politik, Gesellschaft und Kultur reflektiert: Es gibt kein Kastensystem. Es gibt keinen Hinduismus. Indien ist kein Beispiel für friedliche, inter-religiöse Koexistenz. Indien ist keine Weltmacht. Gandhi war kein Heiliger und kein Rassist. Diese Thesen eröffnen die Möglichkeit, konventionelle Indienbilder zu hinterfragen, mit dem Ziel, sich dem „Phänomen“ Indien durch veränderte Blickwinkel und neuen Erkenntnissen anzunähern. Der vorliegende Sammelband ist das Ergebnis eines Lehrforschungsprojektes, das an der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg durchgeführt wurde.

The events of recent years have demonstrated beyond doubt not only that ethnic pluralism presents major problems for the management of political systems, but that it is also a major cause of their failure and disintegration. This timely and topical book discusses the general issue of ethnic pluralism and considers a range of types of multi-ethnic society within a common analytical framework. It then examines the responses of governments to the problems of ethnic diversity and assesses the effects of ethnic conflict on the development and viability of states.

The publication of Salman Rushdie's novel The Satanic Verses has provoked fierce debate about the scope of toleration in a modern multicultural society. This volume explores the philosophical issues arising from this debate from a variety of points of view. It includes both general discussions of the relationship between liberalism, toleration and multiculturalism, and several essays devoted specifically to the implications of the Rushdie affair for liberal political theory and its practical commitment to toleration.

Updated to cover events between 1986 and 1992, including the destruction of the mosque at Ayodhya in December 1992, the book analyses the secessionist crisis in Punjab which led to Indira Gandhi's murder and examines larger themes of ethnic conflict and threats to Indian unity. The Punjab example sheds light on processes at work in the rest of India, as the introduction to the new edition of the book points out. It also considers the domestic implications for India of a world in which'socialism'and'non-alignment'have lost much of their meaning.

This book examines the political, economic and social issues that are at the heart of the debate on the future of the European Union. Various experts address the questions of the role of the European Parliament and democratic control; the reform of the public sector; citizenship; crime and criminal justice; common foreign and security policy; East-West trade; the communications revolution; regional inequalities; unemployment; demographic change and health policy. Recommendations are made for the consideration of the current IGC.

A comprehensive comparative study of the distinct ideas and political arguments that have shaped French and British policies towards their ethnic minorities, and the effects of these intellectual frameworks at local, national and European levels. Charting the politics and events that brought the respective institutional solutions together, the author sets out the divergent conceptualisations of citizenship, nationality, pluralism, autonomy, public order and tolerance that make up the national'philosophies'in the two countries - republican integration in France and multicultural race relations in Britain. This new edition, published in paperback, contains a new preface bringing the volume up-to-date in the light of new legislation and progress.

This book analyzes practical and moral influences on voting decisions. Undermining the widespread assumption that economic self-interest is the key determinant of voting choices, it discovers that moral considerations rooted in religious traditions are often the more decisive. This finding is confirmed through a close analysis of tangible problems, such as child neglect and crime, problems which one would expect to trouble practical voters. Further, this book suggests that political ideologies influence party affiliation, rather than the other way around. It defines four categories of states in terms of human development and income equality—South, Heartland, postindustrial, and “balanced.” It then explains why political color (red, purple, or blue) and societal problems vary across these categories. Voters'moral ideologies, it shows, combine with a state's measure of income equality and human development to shape a state's readiness to pursue practical solutions to societal problems. Finally, it shows that moral ideologies of the religious right and authoritarianism, two very different concepts, are in fact intertwined empirically. This book thus suggests that education—a key driver of human development, anti-authoritarianism, and deliberative voting—should begin in preschools that are both nurturant and instructive.

The Politics of Ethnic Consciousness criticizes essentialist and unitary notions of ethnicity and shows the complex interaction between historical processes, recent political developments and competing views within and about ethnic groups. Welcoming the social constructionist turn, the editors disagree with its overemphasis on the arbitrary character of ethnic identification and the neglect of political economy. Contributions on such diverse regions as Brazil, Ghana, Macedonia and Sri Lanka, examine the multivocal process of the construction and reconstruction of ethnic identities through time.

Informed by witness testimonies, Eurafrican Migration details how the perilous journeys undertaken by irregular migrants are enabled by complex networks of guides during the Sahara phase, and explores the relationship between migrants and the criminal groups who arrange for them to be transported across the sea to southern Europe.

Ethnicity and ethnic parties have often been portrayed as a threat to political stability. This book challenges the notion that the organization of politics in heterogeneous societies should overcome ethnicity. Rather, descriptive representation of ethnic groups has potential to increase regime support and reduce conflict.

Lewicki examines how current salient discourses of citizenship conceptualize democratic relations and frame the'Muslim question'in Germany and Great Britain. Citizenship is understood not as a static or monolithic regime, but as being reproduced through competing discourses that can facilitate or inhibit the reduction of structural inequalities.

In an increasingly mobile world with mounting concerns about the states'control of borders and migration, passports and citizenship rights matter more than ever. This book asks what citizenship ceremonies can tell us about how citizenship is understood through empirical research in the UK, the USA, Canada, Australia, the Netherlands and Ireland.

Die europäische Integration führte insbesondere seit den 1990er Jahren zu einer grundlegenden Transformation der sozialen Beziehungen und der Lebenssituation der Menschen in Europa. Während sich das Leben der Menschen in der Nachkriegszeit vorrangig im Rahmen von Nationalstaaten abspielte, geht die Öffnung nationalstaatlicher Räume mit einer zunehmenden grenzüberschreitenden Verflechtung und einer stärkeren transnationalen Integration sozialer Interaktionen, Einstellungen und Deutungen einher. Nicht nur Politik und Wirtschaft, sondern auch die europäischen Gesellschaften sind in den letzten Jahrzehnten sehr eng zusammengewachsen. Dieses transnationale Vergesellschaftungsmuster ist eine der Ursachen für die spezifische Form der Finanzmarkt- und Währungskrise, die Europa seit 2008 erschüttert. In diesem Sammelband präsentieren 12 der profiliertesten Europaforscher aus dem In- und Ausland ihre aktuellen Arbeiten zur Krise innerhalb Europas und entwickeln dabei eigenständige soziologische Perspektiven.

This volume addresses new tendencies related to migration from a Middle Eastern and Mediterranean perspective and with an emphasis on security and citizenship. Contributors aim not only to intervene in scholarly debates surrounding citizenship and migration but also to contribute to policy-oriented discussions related to migration.

'Deutschland ist kein Einwanderungsland'- diesem Dogma folgte die Aus­ länder- und Asylpolitik der konservativ-liberalen Bundesregierungen seit 1982. Ausländer- und asylrechtliche Verordnungen, Gesetzes- oder Verfas­ sungsänderungen durften auf keinen Fall dazu beitragen, dass die Jahrzehnte alte Tatsache der längst nach Millionen zählenden Einwanderung akzeptiert, legitimiert oder gar juristisch kodifiziert wurde. Die politische Absurdität der Lebenslüge eines an völkischen Homoge­ nitätsmythen orientierten Nationalstaates wurde immer wieder kritisiert. Kirchen, Gewerkschaften, Parteien, Wohlfahrtsverbände, Flüchtlings- und Menschenrechtsinitiativen, UN-Organisationen und Wissenschaftler/innen wiesen darauf hin, dass die Leugnung des Fakts der Einwanderung in das Bundesgebiet nicht nur jedes Realitätssinns entbehrt, sondern darüber hinaus Migrant(inn)en auf unabsehbare Zeit als Randständige stigmatisiert. Die nötige Integration von Menschen, die hier zum Teil bereits in der dritten Generation leben, ist nicht oder nur in einem unzureichenden Maße möglich, solange die Bundesrepublik das Land der verleugneten Einwanderung bleibt. Nach dem Regierungswechsel 1998 ist die Debatte über Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Zuwanderung voll entbrannt. Den entscheidenden Anstoß dafiir gab die Feststellung, dass'die Deutschen'längerfristig wenn nicht aussterben, so doch als Volk zunehmend'vergreisen'und dass'unserer'Wirtschaft schon heute Fachkräfte fehlen. Nach einer entsprechenden An­ kündigung von Bundeskanzler Gerhard Schröder auf der Computermesse CeBIT und einer Diskussion über Vor-und Nachteile seiner Initiative trat am 1. August 2000 die Green-Card-Verordnung in Kraft, wonach zunächst 10.000 ausländische IT-Spezialist(inn)en eine befristeteArbeitsgenehmigung und Aufenthaltserlaubnis bekommen sollen.

The book analyses intersections between gender and diversity through cross-national studies of European public spheres. The approach confronts research on European democracy and the public sphere with gender and diversity research and reflections about European equality and diversity issues are based on new research from a large-scale EU project.

This books explores the phenomenon of irregular migration, notably the organization and role of migrant smuggling networks in aiding irregular migration from Asia and Africa to Europe. It also discusses how migration control policies in southern European countries shape the migrant smuggling phenomenon and the smuggling'business'.

International experts evaluate new policy directions in economic development and poverty reduction, building on the ideas of a pioneer in the new discipline of Development Studies, Frances Stewart. Combing ideas and evidence on technological change, human development and conflict prevention to address the issue of the persistence of inequality

This book takes the political theory of intersectionality - the most cutting-edge approach to the politics of gender, race, sexual orientation, and class - and introduces it to the general public for the first time.

Drawing on new empirical research with disabled people in the UK, and considering the work of theorists such as Berlin, Habermas and Mouffe, Ellison's ideas of proactive and defensive engagement and Turner's'sociology of the body', Beckett proposes a new model of'active'citizenship that rests upon an understanding of'vulnerable personhood'.

Race and ethnicity continue to be important, if unwelcome, factors in modern politics. This is evident in East Africa: the ethnic factor is often dominant in multi-party elections, while in Rwanda and Burundi bloodshed and genocidal attacks have been linked to ethnic difference. This book examines the phenomena of race and ethnicity in general, but with particular reference to Africa, especially the East. The impact of non-indigenous groups is considered, together with ethnic differences between Africans. The relevance of tourism and religion is also examined.

In this collection of essays distinguished political philosophers discuss the problems of toleration which arise in multi-cultural and multi-racial society. They ask whether allegiance to the group should take priority over allegiance to the wider society.

Recently, global and European migration in the post-Cold War world have received much attention. This edited collection is a comprehensive, up-to-date account of the social policies of European welfare states towards refugees and asylum seekers. It also examines the contested boundaries between refugees and asylum seekers and citizenship within European nation states and the European Union.

After 1948 many opponents of apartheid were forced out of South Africa. This accessible and readable account draws upon interviews with many of those involved to examine how those activists who came to the United Kingdom developed political organisations, social networks, ideologies and identities that supported their time in exile. It examines the Anti-Apartheid Movement and the African National Congress in exile and documents the violent attempts by the South African government to control exile activity. Finally, it investigates how exiles came to terms with the possibility that they might return.

With its origins in a conference organized by the Institute of Jewish Affairs in London, this book asks if a common denominator can be found between the anti-Semitism that has existed through the ages and more contemporary forms of anti-Zionism.

Unemployment is growing. Crime is on the increase. The currency has fallen. The initial euphoria following South Africa's transition to democracy is waning as people become disillusioned with the state of the economy and government's lack of delivery on polices and promises. Where does South Africa go from here? It is not all doom and gloom and there is hope for the future. Anthony Ginsberg offers solutions to the fundamental problem of rising unemployment, crime, homelessness and poverty, all excerbated by high taxes, draconian tariffs and stagnant foreign investment. He encourages us to become informed and aware before we criticise. This book is aimed at everyone interested in contributing to South Africa's future as a prosperous nation in the benefit of all her citizens.

A selection of the Gallup Poll's statistical results in Great Britain over the past 50 years, which attempts to chronicle the British peoples'changing views on many issues of their times and to show what the British public thought about events not only at home but also in the wider world.

High technology capitalism utilizes computers, robots, and global information networks. It has engendered new classes - technocrats, bureaucrats, service and office workers - who will impact the structure and values of society. The question most central for us is that of the survival of democracy on this new base. Will the New Middle Class become the carrying class for a modern form of democracy utilizing the sophisticated communications technology, or will democracy decline under the weight of the managerial and technocratic strata essential to the functioning of the modern economic and political institutions?

This book brings together in a systematic manner three discrete areas of interest pertaining to refugees. Asylum is explored through studies on the evolution of legal instruments in Europe, the harmonisation process of European policies, and the broader spectrum of factors underpinning decisions on asylum. Reception and settlement of refugees are analysed through a comparative study of national programmes in France and Britain and in addition a survey of local authority policies. A typology for refugees is developed and tested by a comparison between Chilean and Vietnamese associations in France and Britain.

This book traces the rise of the French National Front and presents an analysis of the organisation's origins, structure and doctrine which concludes that the Le Pen phenomenon represents a modern and sophisticated form of fascism. The authors offer a critical assessment of how political parties and anti-racist organisations have responded to the National Front's exploitation of the immigration issue and examine the political arguments accompanying the reception of foreign workers and their families by French society during the twentieth century.

This book is concerned with the place of communication in the troubled relations between the police and young people. Ian Loader presents a forceful critique of managerialism and, from the perspective of critical theory, outlines an alternative way of thinking about policing. This is then employed to make sense of recent research with young people and police officers. Loader concludes by suggesting how a principle of'discursive policing'can improve police-youth relations and make the police more democratically accountable.

Aims to provide a detailed overview of policy conflict and change in the area of race relations and local politics during the 1980s and reviews some of the prospects for the 1990s. It assesses the objectives, development and impact of race-related policies developed by local authorities.

A collection of essays on the contemporary crisis and change in South Africa which considers the international political position, Afrikaner politics, South African economics, internal Black politics, The United Democratic Front, Black trade unions and constitutional change.