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2. Review and Renewal of Qualifications: Towards Methodologies for Analysing and Comparing Learning Outcomes. Cedefop Research Paper. No 82
- Author
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Cedefop - European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training
- Abstract
The feedback between vocational education and training (VET) and the labour market can provide important input for the review and renewal of qualifications. A feedback loop that is based on learning outcomes helps provide deeper insights into what is required on the labour market, what is offered in training provisions and assessed at the end of a learning programme. The aim of this study is to contribute to strengthening the quality and relevance of qualifications and completing the feedback loop between education and the labour market. It examines methods of collecting data on the match/mismatch between qualifications and labour market requirements, including analysis of how achieved learning outcomes are applied and perceived in the labour market (for example methods of collecting the experience of employers with holders of these qualifications). This report addresses the following two questions: (1) which data already exist in the countries, providing insight into the relevance of qualifications to employees, employers and other labour market stakeholders?; and (2) how can survey methodology be designed to systematically capture the experiences and appreciations of employers as regards the content and profile of qualifications? To what extent, based on limited testing, can scalability of the methodology be achieved?
- Published
- 2021
3. The Changing Nature and Role of Vocational Education and Training in Europe. Volume 5: Education and Labour Market Outcomes for Graduates from Different Types of VET System in Europe. Cedefop Research Paper. No 69
- Author
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Cedefop - European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training, Department for VET Systems and Institutions (DSI)
- Abstract
This research paper is the fifth in a series produced as part of the Cedefop project The changing nature and role of VET (2016-18). Based on comparative analysis of labour force survey data from 2014, the report analyses the vocational effect on labour market and education outcomes, asking whether any advantages conferred by vocational qualifications in early career would be offset by disadvantages later in life. The report explores the functioning of the safety net and the diversion effects across countries, demonstrating how these vary considerably with the specific institutional structure of schooling and work-based training. The results indicate that VET graduates are potentially sacrificing the longer-term gains associated with further education in favour of short-term benefits. [This research was carried out by a consortium led by 3s Unternehmensberatung GmbH and including the Danish Technological Institute, the Institute of Employment Research (University of Warwick), the Institute of International and Social Studies (Tallinn University) and Fondazione Giacomo Brodolini. The Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB) in Germany is supporting the project as a subcontractor.]
- Published
- 2018
4. Globalisation Opportunities for VET: How European and International Initiatives Help in Renewing Vocational Education and Training in European Countries. Cedefop Research Paper. No 71
- Author
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Cedefop - European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training, Department for VET Systems and Institutions (DSI)
- Abstract
In a highly competitive global landscape, occupations are transformed, new jobs are created and the skills needed for the labour market are constantly changing. European countries are looking at redefining VET [vocational education and training] to respond promptly to such challenges and take advantage of the opportunities ahead. They are reforming to modernise their VET systems and strengthen the relevance of their national qualifications in an international context. This publication explores national responses to globalisation in 15 countries and five economic sectors. It aims to understand how European and international initiatives help VET renewal across Europe. It shows how countries' reactions are embedded in their national traditions but also depend on their interactions with European, sectoral and multinational players that provide training and award qualifications. [The research was carried out by a consortium led by IBE Educational research institute and 3s Unternehmensberatung GmbH.]
- Published
- 2018
5. Education Systems, Education Reforms, and Adult Skills in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). OECD Education Working Papers, No. 182
- Author
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France) and Liu, Huacong
- Abstract
This study uses the PIAAC data to examine the relationships between education system characteristics (e.g. early tracking and vocational education orientation) and distributions of adult numeracy skills. It also investigates the effects of postponing the tracking age and easing university access for students on a vocational track on the average skills and different percentiles of the skills distribution. Correlational analysis suggests that education systems with more students enrolled in vocational tracks have on average higher levels of numeracy skills and more compressed skills distributions between the 50th and 90th percentiles. Further analysis suggests that postponing the tracking age among 14 European countries does not have a significant effect on the average skills of the population. However, it increases skills for individuals at the 10th, 20th, and 30th percentiles of the skill distribution. Expanding university access is associated with an increase in numeracy skills, particularly for individuals at the bottom three deciles of the distribution.
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- 2018
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6. Employer Sanctions in Europe. CIS Paper 3.
- Author
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Center for Immigration Studies, Washington, DC., Miller, Mark J., and Lovell, Malcolm R.
- Abstract
This booklet contains two papers on Western European countries' attempt to deal with illegal immigration through employer sanctions. In "Deterrence without Discrimination," Mark J. Miller discusses the sanctions employed by France and the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG). Evidence from the early years of enforcement reveals that due to poor interagency cooperation, insufficient enforcement personnel, and mild penalties, the sanctions appeared to have failed. However, in the early 1980s, when France and the FRG toughened their enforcement, the evidence indicates that job discrimination against North African Arabs did not increase, and Europeans now regard the sanctions as necessary to combat the exploitation of illegal immigrants. Malcolm R. Lovell, Jr. draws on Miller's analysis in "Europe's Lessons for America" and perceives the European experience as an important lesson for the United States. In the United States, the Department of Labor, the Social Security Administration, and the Internal Revenue Service need to play major roles in the enforcement of sanctions, while employer cooperation with these agencies is vital. The U.S. Immigration and Nationalization Service must be fully supported by Congress, and the re-evaluation of fines and penalties must occur on a regular basis. A conclusion of both papers is that employer sanctions are not a cure-all for the complex problem of illegal immigration in Europe or the United States. (DJC)
- Published
- 1987
7. The role of mentoring in the schooling of children in residential care.
- Author
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Garcia-Molsosa, Marta, Collet-Sabé, Jordi, and Montserrat, Carme
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ACADEMIC achievement ,CAREGIVERS ,FOCUS groups ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,MENTORING ,REPORT writing ,RESEARCH funding ,ROLE models ,TEACHERS ,QUALITATIVE research ,SOCIAL capital ,PILOT projects ,OCCUPATIONAL roles ,THEMATIC analysis ,RESIDENTIAL care ,UNDERGRADUATES ,STAKEHOLDER analysis ,ADOLESCENCE ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Copyright of European Journal of Social Work is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
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8. Mental health disorders research in Europe, 2001-2018.
- Author
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Begum, Mursheda, Lewison, Grant, Wölbert, Eva, Brigham, Karen Berg, Darlington, Meryl, Durand-Zaleski, Isabelle, and Sullivan, Richard
- Subjects
BIBLIOMETRICS ,MENTAL illness ,PSYCHIATRY - Abstract
Background The burden of mental health disorders in Europe is well above the world average and has increased from 11.5% to 13.9% of the total disease burden in 2000 and 2015. That from dementia has increased rapidly, and overtaken that from depression as the leading component. There have been no analyses of the research activity in Europe to combat this burden. Methodology We identified research papers in the Web of Science (WoS) with a complex mental health disorders filter based on title words and journal names in the years 2001-18, and downloaded their details for analysis. Results European mental health disorders research represented less than 6% of the total biomedical research. We estimate that research expenditure in Europe on mental health disorders amounted to about €5.4 billion in 2018. The Scandinavian countries, with Croatia and Estonia, published the most relative to their wealth, but the outputs of France and Romania were less than half the amounts expected. Discussion and conclusions The burden from mental health disorders is increasing rapidly in Europe, but research was only half what would have been proportional. Suicide & self-harm, and alcohol misuse, were also neglected by researchers, particularly since the latter also causes many physical burdens, such as foetal alcohol syndrome, interpersonal violence, and road traffic accidents. Other relatively neglected subjects are sexual disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity and sleep disorders. There is an increasing volume of research on alternative (non-drug) therapies, particularly for post-traumatic stress and eating disorders, notably in Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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9. Report on the 2nd Joint Conference of the Information Retrieval Communities in Europe (CIRCLE 2022).
- Author
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Tamine, Lynda, Amigó, Enrique, and Mothe, Josiane
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INFORMATION retrieval ,RECOMMENDER systems ,INTERNET searching ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,SOCIAL media - Abstract
The Joint Conference of the Information Retrieval Communities in Europe (CIRCLE 2020) is the second joint conference of the French, Italian, and Spanish information retrieval communities. The three days of conference gathered interesting studies and research work on a wide range of topics on information retrieval, such as topic and document modeling, web search, information retrieval in e-government, social media, recommender systems, information retrieval evaluation, indexing and annotation, user profiling and interaction, frameworks and systems, and semantic extraction. It was hosted by Université de Toulouse, France in a holiday resort at Samatan. Date: 4--7 July, 2022. Website: https://www.irit.fr/CIRCLE/. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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10. SETTING THE TONE.
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SIMÓN, LUIS
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STRATEGIC planning ,BUDGET ,CONFERENCES & conventions - Abstract
The 2013 French defence White Paper presents a strategic analysis and capability assessment that address the pressing concerns posed by austerity cuts to defence budgets, instability in Europe's neighbourhood, and US rebalancing towards the Asia-Pacific. It proposes ways in which France - and Europe - can remain strategically relevant in this changing environment. In doing so, argues Luis Simón, the White Paper provides a useful blueprint for the European Council meeting in December 2013. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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11. From state restructuring to urban restructuring: The intermediation of public landownership in urban development projects in France.
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Adisson, Félix
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URBAN planning ,PUBLIC lands ,URBANIZATION - Abstract
Many urban development projects (UDPs) in Europe take place on lands belonging to public bodies and administrations, and publicly owned firms. Yet, the literature has failed to explain why a substantial proportion of the remaking of European cities is shaped on public properties, and with what outcomes. My underlying hypothesis is that the redevelopment of such properties depends primarily on the restructuring of the state. Firstly, this paper provides evidence of the relationships between three dynamics of state restructuring and the disposal of public land and real estate properties owned by one sector of the French state, that is, the railways. Secondly, the paper focuses on two UDPs of railway sites, respectively located in Paris and Nantes, in order to disclose the specificity of the redevelopment process associated with public railway properties, due to the socio-legal infrastructure of railway land disposal stemming from these dynamics. The paper demonstrates that (i) state restructuring impels various levels and organisations of the state to redevelop public land and real estate properties; and (ii) the effects of state restructuring can be explained only by analysing the mediating role of the socio-legal infrastructure of these properties, which frames the processes and outcomes of the redevelopment projects. In so doing, the paper offers a specific account of the explanatory factors, processes and outcomes of the relationship between state restructuring and a significant proportion of the restructuring of urban areas in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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12. COVID-19 policy analysis for 10 European countries.
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Takefuji, Yoshiyasu
- Subjects
HEALTH policy ,COVID-19 ,POLICY analysis ,HERD immunity ,PUBLIC health ,TIME series analysis ,SOCIAL distancing ,POLICY sciences ,COVID-19 testing - Abstract
Aim: The goal of this paper is to analyze the COVID-19 policies of 10 European countries, including Sweden, Finland, Norway, Italy, France, Germany, Poland, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Hungary, with a time-series policy analysis tool. Subject and methods: The results of the COVID-19 policy analysis are based on a single time-series indicator, or daily population mortality rate: the number of COVID-19 daily cumulative deaths divided by the population in millions. The lower the score, the better the policy. Although many experts believe that the COVID-19 policy outcome analysis is premature, time series analysis is an excellent analysis that can provide information on the progress and transition of policy outcomes. In other words, the proposed time series analysis tool allows policymakers to identify and quantify when mistakes were made during the on-going COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The COVID-19 policy analysis discovered many useful facts. Sweden failed due to the herd immunity approach. Hungary made a fundamental mistake in COVID-19 tactics. Countries such as Sweden, Hungary, Belgium, and Poland showed time-series changes that differed from the others. Conclusion: Public health interventions can play a key role in mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic. The proposed policy analysis tool, hiscovid demonstrated the effectiveness of the time-series score behavior for discovering when policymakers made mistakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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13. The Little Golden Books in the Shadow of the CIA, or the Americanization of Children's Publishing in Cold War France.
- Author
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Boulaire, Cécile
- Subjects
COLD War, 1945-1991 ,AMERICANIZATION ,CULTURE conflict ,PUBLISHING - Abstract
In 1949, a new French publishing house, named Cocorico, launched a brand new collection called "Un petit livre d'or". In fact, it was simply a translation of the American "Little Golden Books" series. These cheap, cheerful and colourful picturebooks for the children of postwar Europe enjoyed immediate success. But the importation into Europe of the concept of "little golden books" had roots far beyond the simple framework of children's publishing and became part of the cultural Cold War," "book diplomacy," and the policy of "containment." All this was orchestrated by a multi-faceted dual national Franco-American, Georges Duplaix, who worked for the CIA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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14. European Youth Work Policy and Young People's Experience of Open Access Youth Work.
- Author
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ORD, JON, CARLETTI, MARC, MORCIANO, DANIELE, SIURALA, LASSE, DANSAC, CHRISTOPHE, COOPER, SUE, FYFE, IAN, KÖTSI, KAUR, SINISALO-JUHA, EEVA, TARU, MARTI, and ZENTNER, MANFRED
- Subjects
WORK environment ,FRIENDSHIP ,CONFIDENCE ,WORK ,GOVERNMENT policy ,EXPERIENTIAL learning ,PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience - Abstract
This article examines young people's experiences of open access youth work in settings in the UK, Finland, Estonia, Italy and France. It analyses 844 individual narratives from young people, which communicate the impact of youthwork on their lives. These accounts are then analysed in the light of the European youth work policy goals. It concludes that it is encouraging that what young people identify as the positive impact of youth work are broadly consistent with many of these goals. There are however some disparities which require attention. These include the importance young people place on the social context of youth work, such as friendship, which is largely absent in EU youth work policy; as well as the importance placed on experiential learning. The paper also highlights a tension between 'top down' policy formulation and the 'youth centric' practices of youth work. It concludes with a reminder to policy makers that for youth work to remain successful the spaces and places for young people must remain meaningful to them 'on their terms'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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15. French Society Abroad: The Popularization of French Dance throughout Europe, 1600-1750.
- Author
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Rinehart, Adam Paul
- Subjects
DANCE ,POPULARITY ,MANNERS & customs - Abstract
This paper explores the dissemination of French dance, dance notation, and dance music throughout Europe, and it explains the reasons why French culture had such an influence on other European societies from 1600-1750. First, the paper seeks to prove that King Louis XIV played a significant role in the outpour of French dance and the arts. Next, the paper discusses prominent French writers of dance notation who influenced the spread of French dance literature and training throughout Europe. Finally, the paper delineates European composers and their involvement in the development and production of French dance music. Using academic, peer-reviewed journal articles, books, and other scholarly sources, this paper seeks to accurately present the information in an orderly fashion. The paper contains visual evidence of dance and music notation to assist the reader in understanding the subject matter. Additionally, theories of contemporary authors as well as authors from the time period are discussed to present concrete evidence. The two main types of dance discussed in the paper are ballroom and court dances, which were prominent within the French royal court. One major finding of the research is the fact that French court and ballroom dances were specifically designed to communicate the power and prestige of King Louis XIV; consequently, other European countries were influenced to strive for similar prestige. Another finding is that many forms of French dance notation were translated and published in other countries, which increased the use of French dance throughout Europe. Musically, European composers such as Handel and Mozart included elements of French dance music in their compositions, and thus played a significant role in prevalence of French dance music throughout Europe. Overall, this paper proves that French dance received wide recognition due to political influence, availability of dance notation, and the involvement of prominent composers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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16. [Some historic milestones on written works in medicine].
- Author
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Amyot R
- Subjects
- Egypt, Europe, France, History, 15th Century, History, 16th Century, History, 17th Century, History, Ancient, History, Medieval, Medicine, Arabic, Paper history, Periodicals as Topic history, Printing history, Social Problems history, Writing history, Publishing history
- Published
- 1973
17. Energy recovery on the agenda. Waste heat: a matter of public policy and social science concern.
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Fontaine, Antoine and Rocher, Laurence
- Subjects
SOCIAL policy ,GOVERNMENT policy ,POLICY sciences ,WASTE heat ,HEAT recovery ,ELECTRIC power consumption ,REFUSE as fuel - Abstract
Waste heat from industry or urban facilities represents a largely underused and long disregarded energy source, while heating and cooling count for half the final energy demand in Europe. From the early 2010s onwards, waste heat recovery (WHR) is being recognized as a key challenge for energy transition and tends to be integrated into energy strategies at different levels. This paper provides an analysis of how WHR became a matter of public policy in Europe and in France. Based on a literature review, the analysis shows that WHR has been framed as a techno-economic problem, while some barriers (legal, organizational) to its development remain largely unaddressed. A study of European and French energy agendas illustrates how WHR progressively started to be recognized as an energy resource next to renewables. As a result, questions are raised as to further social science contributions to an extended research agenda addressing WHR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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18. How Sedentary are Older People? A Systematic Review of the Amount of Sedentary Behavior.
- Author
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Harvey, Juliet A., Chastin, Sebastien F.M., and Skelton, Dawn A.
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AGING ,CINAHL database ,HEALTH behavior ,LEISURE ,MEDLINE ,META-analysis ,SELF-evaluation ,TIME ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,ACCELEROMETRY ,SEDENTARY lifestyles ,PHYSICAL activity ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,AMED (Information retrieval system) - Abstract
Background/objectives: Sedentary behavior (SB), defined as sitting (nonexercising), reclining, and lying down (posture), or by low energy expenditure, is a public health risk independent to physical activity. The objective of this systematic literature review was to synthesize the available evidence on amount of SB reported by and measured in older adults. Data source: Studies published between 1981 and 2014 were identified from electronic databases and manual searching. Large-scale population studies/surveys reporting the amount of SB (objective/ subjective) in older adults aged ≥ 60 years of age were included. Appraisal and synthesis was completed using MOOSE guidelines. Results: 349,698 adults aged ≥ 60 within 22 studies (10 countries and 1 EU-wide) were included. Objective measurement of SB shows that older adults spend an average of 9.4 hr a day sedentary, equating to 65-80% of their waking day. Self-report of SB is lower, with average weighted self-reports being 5.3 hr daily. Within specific domains of SB, older adults report 3.3 hr in leisure sitting time and 3.3 hr watching TV. There is an association with more time spent in SB as age advances and a trend for older men to spend more time in SB than women. Conclusion/ implications: Time spent sedentary ranges from 5.3-9.4 hr per waking day in older adults. With recent studies suggesting a link between SB, health, and well-being, independent of physical activity, this is an area important for successful aging. Limitations: Different methodologies of measurement and different reporting methods of SB made synthesis difficult. Estimated SB time from self-report is half of that measured objectively; suggesting that most self-report surveys of SB will vastly underestimate the actual time spent in SB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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19. Working to improve the management of sarcoma patients across Europe: a policy checklist.
- Author
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Kasper, Bernd, Lecointe-Artzner, Estelle, Wait, Suzanne, Boldon, Shannon, Wilson, Roger, Gronchi, Alessandro, Valverde, Claudia, Eriksson, Mikael, Dumont, Sarah, Drove, Nora, Kanli, Athanasia, and Wartenberg, Markus
- Subjects
SARCOMA ,CANCER treatment ,HEALTH policy ,MEDICAL quality control ,CLINICAL trials ,MEDICAL specialties & specialists ,MEDICAL care laws ,MEDICAL care standards ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,RESEARCH ,EVALUATION research - Abstract
Background: The Sarcoma Policy Checklist was created by a multidisciplinary expert group to provide policymakers with priority areas to improve care for sarcoma patients.Main Body: This paper draws on this research, by looking more closely at how France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom are addressing each of these priority areas. It aims to highlight key gaps in research, policy and practice, as well as ongoing initiatives that may impact the future care of sarcoma patients in different European countries. A pragmatic review of the published and web-based literature was undertaken. Telephone interviews were conducted in each country with clinical and patient experts to substantiate findings. Research findings were discussed within the expert group and developed into five core policy recommendations. The five identified priority areas were: the development of designated and accredited centres of reference; more professional training; multidisciplinary care; greater incentives for research and innovation; and more rapid access to effective treatments. Most of the countries studied have ongoing initiatives addressing many of these priorities; however, many are in early stages of development, or require additional funding and resources.Conclusion: Gaps in access to quality care are particularly concerning in many of Europe's lower-resourced countries. Equitable access to information, clinical trials, innovative treatments and quality specialist care should be available to all sarcoma patients. Achieving this across Europe will require close collaboration between all stakeholders at both the national and European level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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20. Competing in the Big Leagues: How Differing Institutional Environments Influence New Party Strategy?Evidence from the French Greens.
- Author
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Spoon, Jae-Jae
- Subjects
- *
POLITICAL parties , *RIGHT & left (Political science) , *ELECTIONS , *POLITICAL candidates , *SOCIALISM - Abstract
This paper challenges the conventional wisdom about the behavior of New Left parties in Europe. I test the hypothesis that the institutional context influences party behavior by looking at the strategic decisions of the French Green Party from 1997 to 2002 in various electoral contests. I demonstrate that in order for the Greens to compete with the larger more established parties, they have to recognize the demands of different institutional contexts and act accordingly. Specifically, I explore the circumstances under which the party decides to enter into a pre-election alliance with the Socialists for the legislative elections and when it does not. I find that the existence of a pact in the previous election, the vote shares of the Greens? presidential candidate, the mainstream right, and the extreme right in the preceding elections have the greatest influence on whether the parties will enter into a pre-election alliance in the subsequent legislative contest. Moreover, once the district has been chosen for an alliance, the higher the vote share of the extreme right, the more likely there will be a Socialist candidate, supported by the Greens. The higher the mainstream right?s vote share, the higher the probability that there will be a Green candidate, supported by the Socialists. I argue that the strategic decisions of the Green Party have important implications both for the outcome of the pending election as well as for the future of the party as a viable competitor in the French political space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
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21. Erasmus Virtual Exchange as an Authentic Learner Experience
- Author
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Reynolds, Alexandra
- Abstract
This small-scale study draws on a higher education context where French-speaking students, "in situ" at Bordeaux University, participated in the Sharing Perspectives Foundation's flagship "Erasmus+ Virtual Exchange" (E+VE) program (2018-2019). French-speaking students interacted in English on the topic of "Newcomers and Nationalism" via weekly webinars with non-native English-speaking students from other participating universities in Europe and the Southern Mediterranean region. Authenticity is a complex concept involving the degree of implication and meaning speakers give to their interactions (Gilmore, 2007; Pinner, 2016; Widdowson, 2003). The study therefore addresses the question of how participant feedback can help us to assess E+VE in terms of authenticity. The methods used to investigate this research question were the qualitative analysis of the French students' reflective journals, questionnaires, and interviews. The results show that E+VE is conducive to authentic learner experiences. This study has also enabled a definition of 'authenticity' as a transformative language learner experience in virtual exchange. [For the complete volume, see ED609298.]
- Published
- 2020
22. Emergency department syndromic surveillance systems: a systematic review.
- Author
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Hughes, Helen E., Edeghere, Obaghe, O'Brien, Sarah J., Vivancos, Roberto, and Elliot, Alex J.
- Subjects
PUBLIC health surveillance ,HEALTH impact assessment ,EMERGENCY medical services ,ACUTE diseases ,NATURAL disasters ,TERRORISM ,SENTINEL health events ,HOSPITAL emergency services ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,EPIDEMICS - Abstract
Background: Syndromic surveillance provides public health intelligence to aid in early warning and monitoring of public health impacts (e.g. seasonal influenza), or reassurance when an impact has not occurred. Using information collected during routine patient care, syndromic surveillance can be based on signs/symptoms/preliminary diagnoses. This approach makes syndromic surveillance much timelier than surveillance requiring laboratory confirmed diagnoses. The provision of healthcare services and patient access to them varies globally. However, emergency departments (EDs) exist worldwide, providing unscheduled urgent care to people in acute need. This provision of care makes ED syndromic surveillance (EDSyS) a potentially valuable tool for public health surveillance internationally. The objective of this study was to identify and describe the key characteristics of EDSyS systems that have been established and used globally.Methods: We systematically reviewed studies published in peer review journals and presented at International Society of Infectious Disease Surveillance conferences (up to and including 2017) to identify EDSyS systems which have been created and used for public health purposes. Search criteria developed to identify "emergency department" and "syndromic surveillance" were applied to NICE healthcare, Global Health and Scopus databases.Results: In total, 559 studies were identified as eligible for inclusion in the review, comprising 136 journal articles and 423 conference abstracts/papers. From these studies we identified 115 EDSyS systems in 15 different countries/territories across North America, Europe, Asia and Australasia. Systems ranged from local surveillance based on a single ED, to comprehensive national systems. National EDSyS systems were identified in 8 countries/territories: 2 reported inclusion of ≥85% of ED visits nationally (France and Taiwan).Conclusions: EDSyS provides a valuable tool for the identification and monitoring of trends in severe illness. Technological advances, particularly in the emergency care patient record, have enabled the evolution of EDSyS over time. EDSyS reporting has become closer to 'real-time', with automated, secure electronic extraction and analysis possible on a daily, or more frequent basis. The dissemination of methods employed and evidence of successful application to public health practice should be encouraged to support learning from best practice, enabling future improvement, harmonisation and collaboration between systems in future.Prospero Number: CRD42017069150 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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23. Representations of Corruption in the British, French, and Italian Press.
- Author
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Mancini, Paolo, Mazzoni, Marco, Marchetti, Rita, and Cornia, Alessio
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FREEDOM of the press ,POLITICAL corruption ,PRESS & politics ,PARTISANSHIP - Abstract
As part of a larger European Union (EU)-funded project, this paper investigates the coverage of corruption and related topics in three European democracies: France, Italy, and the United Kingdom. Based on Freedom House data, these countries are characterized by different levels of press freedom. A large corpus of newspaper articles (107,248 articles) from the period 2004 to 2013 were analyzed using dedicated software. We demonstrate that freedom of press is not the only dimension that affects the ability to and the way in which news media report on corruption. Because of its political partisanship, the Italian press tends to emphasize and dramatize corruption cases involving domestic public administrators and, in particular, politicians. The British coverage is affected mainly by market factors, and the press pays more attention to cases occurring abroad and in sport. The French coverage shares specific features with both the British and the Italian coverage: Newspapers mainly focus on corruption involving business companies and foreign actors, but they also cover cases involving domestic politicians. Media market segmentation, political parallelism, and media instrumentalization determine different representations preventing the establishment of unanimously shared indignation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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24. Public space and memories of migration: erasing diversity through urban redevelopment in France.
- Author
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Tchoukaleyska, Roza
- Subjects
PUBLIC spaces ,EMIGRATION & immigration in France ,URBAN renewal ,ETHNICITY ,ETHNOLOGY ,CULTURAL pluralism ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) - Abstract
Copyright of Social & Cultural Geography is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Agglomeration effects and the location of FDI: evidence from French first-time movers.
- Author
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Procher, Vivien
- Subjects
AGGLOMERATION (Materials) ,INDUSTRIAL location ,INVESTMENT policy ,SUBSIDIARY corporations ,FOREIGN investments ,BUSINESS enterprises - Abstract
This paper analyses the location choice determinants of French first-time investments in Europe, North America and North Africa. Firm locations are examined on two geographical scales, the national and regional level. The final sample comprises 307 location choices in 27 countries and across 45 regions. Both, location- and firm-specific variables are used for analyzing investment strategies. The results show that higher market demand and cultural proximity to France increase the likelihood of a particular location to be chosen, whereas higher labour cost and a larger distance between a foreign location and the headquarters deter FDI investments. Manufacturing and older companies are more likely to establish their first subsidiary in Eastern Europe. Furthermore, this study examines the extent to which French investors choose foreign locations that already host a significant number of French firms. The results obtained from regressions with various absolute and relative agglomeration measures suggest that French investors are rather attracted by firm cluster in general, or by the unobserved factors that led to the agglomeration in the first place, than by any nation-specific firm cluster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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26. Attitudes towards entrepreneurship education: a comparative analysis.
- Author
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Gary Packham, Paul Jones, Christopher Miller, David Pickernell, and Brychan Thomas
- Subjects
ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,ENTREPRENEURSHIP ,BUSINESSPEOPLE ,COMPARATIVE studies ,HIGHER education ,EDUCATION - Abstract
Purpose - This paper aims to examine the impact of enterprise education on entrepreneurial attitude within European higher education institutions (HEIs) in France, Germany and Poland. The research seeks to consider whether differences between cultural and industrial heritage can influence entrepreneurial attitude and mediate the effectiveness of enterprise education. Design/methodology/approach - Research argues that Europe requires more entrepreneurs willing to innovate and create new ventures to facilitate economic growth. This research builds on prior studies, which have examined the impact of enterprise education and training on business start-up. In particular the study utilises the concept of entrepreneurial attitude to measure how enterprise education influences students'' perceptions of, and motivations towards, entrepreneurship as a viable career option. The study contrasts and compares the impact of a short enterprise course on entrepreneurial attitude among undergraduate students in French, German and Polish HEIs. A quantitative methodology employed a research instrument utilising five-point Likert arrays to contrast attitudes and opinions of students both prior to, and after, the delivery of the course. Findings - Enterprise education has a positive impact on entrepreneurial attitude of French and Polish students. Conversely, the course had a negative impact on male German students. It was also found that while female students are more likely to perceive a greater benefit from the learning experience, the impact of enterprise education on entrepreneurial attitude is actually more significant for male students. Practical implications - The research findings are of interest to academia and policy makers. The study suggests that entrepreneurial attitude among European students can be influenced by exposure to enterprise education. The results also indicate that gender, cultural and industrial heritage can moderate the impact of enterprise education. Originality/value - The paper provides evidence that differences between gender, culture and regional settings need to be considered in the design and delivery of enterprise programmes if they are to have the desired impact on entrepreneurial intent and graduate entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
27. Scope-dependent modelling of electricity supply in life cycle assessments.
- Author
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Frischknecht, Rolf and Stucki, Matthias
- Subjects
PRODUCT life cycle ,ELECTRICITY ,ELECTRIC power consumption ,DECISION making - Abstract
Background, aim and scope: Electricity use or substitution is one of the key parameters with regard to life cycle assessment (LCA) results. At the same time, it is often used as an illustrative example to highlight the modelling differences between decision-oriented and descriptive LCA. Three basically different models exist in life cycle inventory analysis: the attributional, the consequential and the decisional model. This paper proposes criteria that help to classify typical LCA questions regarding real business cases and find the most appropriate life cycle inventory (LCI) model. The framework is applied to a case study of an LCA of electricity use and supply within the international operations of an environmental service company with headquarters in France. Main features: Individual decision with comparatively small consequences can be modelled under ceteris paribus (other things being equal) conditions. Decision situations with medium to large potential consequences should be modelled under the conditions of mutatis mutandis (the necessary changes being made). The key question is how to distinguish between small, medium and large consequences. We recommend using the relative economic size to classify objects of investigation and the LCA goals related to them into three groups to which the most appropriate LCI models are assigned. Results and discussion: The attributional approach is sensible for environmental reporting and product labelling and declaration where the relative economic size of the object of investigation is small. The decisional approach is sensible for LCAs of product and process development, as well as site and supplier evaluation carried out by private companies in case the relative economic size of the object of investigation is medium. The consequential approach is of relevance for policy support of governments and international organisations as well as for strategic decisions of companies, where the relative economic size of the object of investigation is large. The consequential approach is also sensible in product or service comparisons by companies, if they offer products or services that are in line or help to comply with large-scale government policy measures (like for instance promoting renewable fuels). The French attributional and decisional electricity supply mix causes greenhouse gas emissions of 98 and 225 g CO-eq./kWh, respectively, whereas the European attributional and decisional electricity supply mix causes greenhouse gas emissions of 554 and 473 g CO-eq./kWh, respectively. The volumes of high radioactive waste generated with the French and EU-27 electricity mixes amount to 11 and 3.5 mm/kWh for the attributional mixes as well as 3.8 and 0.034 mm/kWh for the decisional mixes. Conclusions: The criterion “relative economic size” helps to better decide on the appropriate LCI model to be applied in specific LCA case studies supporting any kind of decisions. Being quantitative, the “relative economic size” criterion is comparable to the criteria used to delimitate the product system (cut-off criteria mass, energy and environmental impact). The delimitation values proposed are still preliminary and still show a certain degree of ambiguity. Nevertheless, it proves to be both a practical and potentially relevant criterion. The case study of the French and European electricity mixes shows that a distinction of different decision contexts is required and feasible. Using official statistical information and published forecasts issued by the relevant industrial associations or governmental bodies significantly reduces the potential bias related to the determination of possible change-oriented electricity mixes. Recommendations and perspectives: The relative economic size of the object of investigation is a quantified criterion to decide on the most appropriate modelling approach in life cycle inventory. It is recommended to apply the criterion in the goal and scope phase of any LCA and to apply it on the production volume on the one hand and on purchase volumes on the other. Production and purchase volumes can be expressed in either economic or physical quantities and be related to the totals of economic sectors or political entities such as nations or international organisations. The current paper deals with the appropriate modelling approach illustrated with the electricity mix. The electricity sector is only one of many sectors where the choice of the modelling approach may reveal important differences in the overall environmental impacts. Thus, it is worthwhile to extend the concept presented in this paper to other economic sectors such as agriculture, mining or paper and pulp. This would help to better substantiate or to adjust the delimitation values and to gain more experience with the threshold criteria proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
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28. 2023 ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension: Endorsed by the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) and the European Renal Association (ERA).
- Author
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Mancia G, Kreutz R, Brunström M, Burnier M, Grassi G, Januszewicz A, Muiesan ML, Tsioufis K, Agabiti-Rosei E, Algharably EAE, Azizi M, Benetos A, Borghi C, Hitij JB, Cifkova R, Coca A, Cornelissen V, Cruickshank JK, Cunha PG, Danser AHJ, Pinho RM, Delles C, Dominiczak AF, Dorobantu M, Doumas M, Fernández-Alfonso MS, Halimi JM, Járai Z, Jelaković B, Jordan J, Kuznetsova T, Laurent S, Lovic D, Lurbe E, Mahfoud F, Manolis A, Miglinas M, Narkiewicz K, Niiranen T, Palatini P, Parati G, Pathak A, Persu A, Polonia J, Redon J, Sarafidis P, Schmieder R, Spronck B, Stabouli S, Stergiou G, Taddei S, Thomopoulos C, Tomaszewski M, Van de Borne P, Wanner C, Weber T, Williams B, Zhang ZY, and Kjeldsen SE
- Subjects
- Humans, Italy, Spain, France, Netherlands, Europe, Hypertension drug therapy
- Abstract
Document Reviewers: Luis Alcocer (Mexico), Christina Antza (Greece), Mustafa Arici (Turkey), Eduardo Barbosa (Brazil), Adel Berbari (Lebanon), Luís Bronze (Portugal), John Chalmers (Australia), Tine De Backer (Belgium), Alejandro de la Sierra (Spain), Kyriakos Dimitriadis (Greece), Dorota Drozdz (Poland), Béatrice Duly-Bouhanick (France), Brent M. Egan (USA), Serap Erdine (Turkey), Claudio Ferri (Italy), Slavomira Filipova (Slovak Republic), Anthony Heagerty (UK), Michael Hecht Olsen (Denmark), Dagmara Hering (Poland), Sang Hyun Ihm (South Korea), Uday Jadhav (India), Manolis Kallistratos (Greece), Kazuomi Kario (Japan), Vasilios Kotsis (Greece), Adi Leiba (Israel), Patricio López-Jaramillo (Colombia), Hans-Peter Marti (Norway), Terry McCormack (UK), Paolo Mulatero (Italy), Dike B. Ojji (Nigeria), Sungha Park (South Korea), Priit Pauklin (Estonia), Sabine Perl (Austria), Arman Postadzhian (Bulgaria), Aleksander Prejbisz (Poland), Venkata Ram (India), Ramiro Sanchez (Argentina), Markus Schlaich (Australia), Alta Schutte (Australia), Cristina Sierra (Spain), Sekib Sokolovic (Bosnia and Herzegovina), Jonas Spaak (Sweden), Dimitrios Terentes-Printzios (Greece), Bruno Trimarco (Italy), Thomas Unger (The Netherlands), Bert-Jan van den Born (The Netherlands), Anna Vachulova (Slovak Republic), Agostino Virdis (Italy), Jiguang Wang (China), Ulrich Wenzel (Germany), Paul Whelton (USA), Jiri Widimsky (Czech Republic), Jacek Wolf (Poland), Grégoire Wuerzner (Switzerland), Eugene Yang (USA), Yuqing Zhang (China)., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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29. Discourse and Strategic Use of the Military in France and Europe in the COVID‐19 Crisis.
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Opillard, Florian, Palle, Angélique, and Michelis, Léa
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COVID-19 pandemic ,CRISIS management ,COVID-19 ,ENVIRONMENTAL disasters ,DISCOURSE ,ARMIES ,TELEPHONE calls - Abstract
In March 2020, the French President called to war against the COVID‐19 which was followed by the launch of a military operation called Operation Resilience. This use of martial rhetoric initiated an effective mobilisation consisting in logistical assistance to the health sector. While armies are increasingly used to deal with environmental disasters, aside from their traditional role, this paper postulates that the geography of the French and international military engagement can be used to analyse both the institutional strategy of crisis management and the message governments send to their population. Military involvement differs in terms of missions given and of the amount of troops mobilised. It first questions the use of the military in the name of national resilience in the political discourse and the way it displays a symbolic message to the population, before analysing the role of armies in the crisis through the spatiality of their interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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30. Nutritional composition of the food supply: a comparison of soft drinks and breakfast cereals between three European countries based on labels.
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Vin, Karine, Beziat, Julie, Seper, Katrin, Wolf, Alexandra, Sidor, Alexandra, Chereches, Razvan, Luc Volatier, Jean, and Ménard, Céline
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RESEARCH ,FOOD labeling ,NUTRITIONAL value ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,FOOD supply ,COMPARATIVE studies ,CARBONATED beverages ,BREAKFASTS - Abstract
Background/objectives: Monitoring of processed products at the brand level was implemented in Austria, France and Romania on the basis of the Oqali methodology during the Joint Action on Nutrition and Physical Activity (JANPA) to compare the nutritional quality of the food offering. The objective of this paper is to present the results obtained during this study.Subjects/methods: Collected data were those available on product packaging. In total, 2155 soft drinks and 943 breakfast cereals were classified in a standardised list of product families and analysed in a harmonised way. For each product family, mean values for sugar, fat, saturated fat, salt and dietary fibres were compared between countries. Common products across countries were also studied.Results: For all the studied nutrients, significant differences were observed between countries, with a higher sugar content for Romania in regular carbonated and non-carbonated beverages containing fruits, regular lemonades and regular tonics and bitters (together with Austria for tonics), for France in fruit beverages with more than 50% fruit, and for Austria in low-sugar beverages containing tea. For France, higher nutrient contents were also observed for sugar in chocolate-flavoured cereals, filled cereals and cornflakes, and other plain cereals (at a similar level as Romania for cornflakes), and for saturated fats in honey/caramel cereals and crunchy mueslis. These differences were explained by a different food offering in the three countries, but also by differences in nutrient contents for common products. This study also showed high variability of the nutrient content within a product family, suggesting a real potential for product reformulation.Conclusions: National tools, at the branded products level, are essential to monitor the nutritional quality of the food offering, and to follow up on processed food reformulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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31. Does sports club participation contribute to physical activity among children and adolescents? A comparison across six European countries.
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Kokko, Sami, Martin, Leena, Geidne, Susanna, Van Hoye, Aurelie, Lane, Aoife, Meganck, Jeroen, Scheerder, Jeroen, Seghers, Jan, Villberg, Jari, Kudlacek, Michal, Badura, Petr, Mononen, Kaisu, Blomqvist, Minna, De Clercq, Bart, and Koski, Pasi
- Subjects
MEETINGS ,SELF-evaluation ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,SPORTS participation ,ATHLETIC associations ,PHYSICAL activity ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ODDS ratio - Abstract
Aims: Insufficient physical activity (PA) is one of the largest public health challenges of our time and requires a multisectoral public-health response. PA recommendations state that all children and adolescents should accumulate at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) daily and carry out vigorous PA (VPA) three times weekly. While participation in sports club activities is known to enhance the probability of reaching the recommended overall PA level, less is known about the contribution of sports club participation to VPA, and few cross-national comparisons have been carried out. The purpose of this paper is to study whether participation in sports club activities is associated with meeting the overall PA and VPA recommendations among children and adolescents across six European countries, namely Belgium (Flanders), Czech Republic, Finland, France, Ireland and Sweden. Methods: Analyses were carried out on existing self-reported national data sets using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: Results indicate that approximately two-thirds of children and adolescents take part in sports club activities in the given countries. Sports club participants were more likely to meet the overall PA recommendations (OR 2.4–6.4) and VPA recommendation (OR 2.8–5.0) than non-participants. Conclusions: The extent to which overall PA and/or VPA is gained through sports club participation versus other settings needs to be further studied. Nonetheless, it can be argued that sports clubs have an important position in PA promotion for younger populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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32. European Public Health News.
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Paget, Dineke Zeegers, Muscat, Natasha Azzopardi, Jakab, Zsuzsanna, Andriukaitis, Vytenis, and Charpak, Yves
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CONFERENCES & conventions ,PRACTICAL politics ,PUBLIC health - Abstract
The article provides updates on issues related to the European Public Health Association (EUPHA) as of October 2019. Topics covered include opportunity of the World Health Organization to renew its vision for health in Europe beyond 2020, a white paper published by the European Commission in March 2017 setting out five possible paths for the future of Europe, and EUPHA's statement on what European political parties are stating on health.
- Published
- 2019
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33. Paradoxes on the Borders of Europe.
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Varada Raj, Kartik
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EMIGRATION & immigration ,REFUGEES ,FEMINIST theory - Abstract
This paper argues that contemporary hegemonic projects such as ‘Fortress Europe’ exercise violence at their borders forcing certain people to be borders. Those very borders and the people who inhabit them constitute paradoxically the very conditions of possibility of any hegemonic order. This paper focuses on Sangatte, the site of a Red Cross ‘reception centre’ outside Calais for refugees and migrants seeking entry into Britain, as one manifestation of the border in the context of asylum and migration in Europe. This paper draws on contemporary Marxist and feminist theory to think through how those on the borders of the state provide real, material insights into practices that subvert the power of the sovereign state and its corollary hegemonic projects of violence, and to argue that attempts to envision alternatives to the contemporary hegemonic political orders in Europe must begin at the political apertures opened up by thinking the border as paradox. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
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34. Secondary Analysis and Culture of Disputation in European Qualitative Research.
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Dargentas, Magdalini
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CONFERENCES & conventions ,QUALITATIVE research ,SECONDARY analysis ,DATA analysis ,RESEARCH ethics - Abstract
This essay reviews the Symposium on Secondary Analysis in Qualitative Research--Utopia and Perspectives. The Symposium, which was held in November 2005, was the first academic meeting in France to focus on qualitative research, mainly through secondary analysis and archiving. Researchers from various European countries, academic fields and working contexts discussed their practices in qualitative research and secondary analysis. As secondary analysis is almost nonexistent in France, this Symposium has offered researchers an opportunity to become familiar with this method, to meet European experts, and to engage in constructive dialogues. This paper initially places qualitative research, secondary analysis and archiving in an international perspective. It then relates these practices to the current situation in France and introduces the organization of the Symposium. Next it describes scholars' contributions and areas of study under reflection throughout this event. In addition, it discusses several directions the field of secondary analysis is currently moving in, as well as qualitative methods. The main contributions of this Symposium deal with the issues of cumulative knowledge, the need to take an epistemological turn, the institutionalization of qualitative research in France, as well as academic disciplines' growing need to reflect on the traditions and standards of qualitative research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
35. Does the Euro affect the dynamic interactions of stock markets in Europe? Evidence from France, Germany and Italy.
- Author
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Westermann, Frank
- Subjects
EURO ,STOCK exchanges ,NATIONAL currencies - Abstract
The dynamic links between stock market indices are analyzed in a GARCH-M framework, using daily data from France, Germany, Italy and the USA. It is shown that indices in the periods before and after the introduction of the Euro as a single currency display a very distinct behaviour. Consistent with the literature, in the earlier period price changes are found to have an impact the next day on other markets. In the latter period this type of co-movement disappeared within Europe. Feedback trading has been shown to induce (negative) autocorrelation in national stock markets. In this paper an international version of the feedback trading model is used to illustrate that the lead-lag relationships across countries and the strength of these links depend on the currency regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
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36. Last interglacial in western Europe: 20 years of multidisciplinary research on the Eemian (MIS 5e) calcareous tufa sequence at Caours (Somme basin, France) – a review.
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Antoine, Pierre, Limondin‐Lozouet, Nicole, Dabkowski, Julie, Bahain, Jean‐Jacques, Ghaleb, Bassam, Reyss, Jean‐Louis, Auguste, Patrick, Sévêque, Noemie, Jamet, Guillaume, Jolly‐Saad, Marie‐Claude, Gauthier, Agnès, Lebreton, Loïc, and Locht, Jean‐Luc
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TUFAS ,TERRACES (Geology) ,INTERDISCIPLINARY research ,CALCITE analysis ,GEOLOGICAL time scales ,ELECTRON spin resonance dating - Abstract
The calcareous tufa sequence and associated Palaeolithic site of Caours were discovered in 2002 during a test‐pit campaign aimed at identifying last interglacial (MIS 5e) archives in the fluvial terrace system of the Somme basin, northern France. The presence of an outstanding stratigraphical succession with four in situ Palaeolithic layers within the tufa sequence has motivated archaeological excavations of the site since 2005. The first malacological studies and U‐series ages quickly showed that the sequence was mainly deposited during the Eemian interglacial (MIS 5e). After 20 years of investigations, we propose here a summary of this multidisciplinary research project including stratigraphy, sedimentology, geochronology, geochemistry, malacology, mammals, palaeovegetation and archaeology. By combining 25 dates obtained by U‐series, ESR/U‐series, TL and OSL methods, the Caours calcareous tufa sequence is securely dated to the Eemian (123.1±2.8 ka). Based on the summary of the whole information, we propose a robust and detailed reconstruction of the modification of the valley environments between the Late Saalian and the Early Weichselian. At the scale of northwestern Europe, Caours provides a reference terrestrial molluscs record for the Eemian interglacial, including the climatic optimum, that is also described in the same layers by δ18O and δ13C analyses on calcite and by mammal remains. Moreover, the 300‐m‐long transect crossing the fluvial terrace covered by the tufa sequence and the bottom valley formation, combined with the chronology established from U‐series and OSL ages, shows that the incision of the present‐day valley, leading to the setting of the Very Low Terrace, was achieved during the first stages of the Early Weichselian (MIS 5d–5c). From an archaeological point of view, the configuration of the Caours site is unique at the scale of western Europe and demonstrates the adaptation of Neandertals to a forested environment and to fully temperate conditions during the Eemian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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37. Anguimorph Lizards from the Lower Eocene (MP 10–11) of the Cos Locality, Phosphorites Du Quercy, France, and the Early Evolution of Glyptosaurinae in Europe.
- Author
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Čerňanský, Andrej, Tabuce, Rodolphe, and Vidalenc, Dominique
- Subjects
- *
LIZARDS , *EOCENE Epoch , *MAXILLA , *FOSSILS , *TEETH - Abstract
Squamate faunas from the lower Eocene of Europe are rare. A newly discovered lower Eocene (MP 10–11) Cos locality in southwestern France has yielded an assemblage of anguimorph lizards that sheds light on the early evolution of this group. Among them is a new glyptosaurine lizard Sullivania gallica gen. et sp. nov., based on frontal material with a unique pattern and distribution of polygonal osteoderms that is distinct from that of the middle and late Eocene Placosaurus from France. It slightly resembles the stratigraphically older glyptosaurine Gaultia silvaticus from the earliest Eocene of North America, but differs from it in several aspects. Although fossils of some members of Glyptosaurinae (sensu this paper; Glyptosaurini in previous taxonomies—Glyptosaurinae is returned to the family level originally proposed by Marsh) have been documented rarely from the middle and mainly from the late Eocene of Europe, they are virtually unknown from the lower Eocene. One isolated osteoderm is referred only to Anguioidea indet. This specimen resembles osteoderms seen in Anguinae, provided that the absence of tuberclulate ornamentation is not caused by abrasion. Varanoids are represented by an isolated frontal referred to Palaeovaranidae indet. It possesses a complex ornamentation composed of mounds on the dorsal surface. A maxilla is identified as an indeterminate varanoid based on the plicidentine infolding along the bases of the preserved teeth. Although incomplete, this Cos lizard assemblage is an important and rare discovery that provides a glimpse into the ecosystems and paleobiodiversity of the lower Eocene in western Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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38. Calibration of fish-eye lens and error estimation on fireball trajectories: application to the FRIPON network.
- Author
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Jeanne, S., Colas, F., Zanda, B., Birlan, M., Vaubaillon, J., Bouley, S., Vernazza, P., Jorda, L., Gattacceca, J., Rault, J. L., Carbognani, A., Gardiol, D., Lamy, H., Baratoux, D., Blanpain, C., Malgoyre, A., Lecubin, J., Marmo, C., and Hewins, P.
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ASTROMETRY ,ORBIT determination ,MEASUREMENT errors ,ESTIMATION bias ,LENSES ,CALIBRATION ,SPACE trajectories - Abstract
Context. Fireball networks are developing over the whole planet, with the aim of recovering meteorites and at the same time determining their orbits. The ultimate goal of such networks is to identify the parent bodies of meteorite families to achieve this, orbit accuracy is critical. Yet, the determination of an orbit relies on a long and complex reduction process including: (1) astrometry, with heavy distortion for fish-eye lenses, (2) estimation of the external bias on the observation, (3) fit of the trajectory, (4) deceleration model, and (5) actual orbit computation. Aims. Our goal is to compute accurate trajectories with an estimate of internal and external errors as realistic as possible, taking advantage of the dense observation network FRIPON (Fireball Recovery and InterPlanetary Observation Network), which comprises more than 100 cameras in France and Europe. In particular, we pay special attention to the distortion of images due to fish-eye lenses. In the present paper, we describe the analytical protocol that allows us to compute trajectories and their uncertainties. Methods. We developed a general distortion model to be used on the FRIPON fish-eye cameras. Such a model needs to be accurate even at low elevation, as most fireball observations are performed low on the horizon. The radial distortion is modelled by a nine-degree odd polynomial, hence by five parameters. In addition, we used three parameters to describe the geometry of the camera and two for non-symmetrical distortion. Lastly, we used a new statistical method taking systematic errors into account, which allows us to compute realistic confidence intervals. We tested our method on a fireball that fell on 2017-08-94 UT 00:06. Results. The accuracy of our astrometrical model for each camera is 2 arcmin (1σ), but the internal error on the fireball of 2017-08-94 UT 00:06 measurement is 0.7 arcmin (better than 1/10 pixel). We developed a method to estimate the external error considering that each station is independent and found it equal to 0.8 arcmin. Real residuals are coherent with our estimation of internal and external error for each camera, which confirms the internal consistency of our method. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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39. Epidemiological assessment of the factors associated with antimicrobial use in French free-range broilers.
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Adam, Cécile J. M., Fortané, Nicolas, Coviglio, Alexandra, Delesalle, Léa, Ducrot, Christian, and Paul, Mathilde C.
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BIOSECURITY ,POULTRY farms ,POULTRY farming ,HEALTH of farmers ,TELEPHONE calls ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Background: Although the poultry sector accounts for a major portion of global antimicrobial consumption, few studies have explored the factors which influence antimicrobial use (AMU) in poultry farms in Europe. We performed a matched case-control study in traditional free-range broiler farms in France during 2016 to evaluate the effect of technical factors and farmers' perceptions of health problems on the probability of AMU. In total, 52 cases (defined as flocks treated with antimicrobials when chickens were between 1 and 42 days old), were included. Another 208 controls (untreated flocks the same ages as the case flocks), were randomly selected and paired with a matching case (same farmer organization and placement date). On-farm questionnaires were administered. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was conducted; seven variables were significant in the final model. Results: Two factors were associated with a lower probability of AMU: the use of chicken paper topped with starter feed (OR = 0.3; 95% CI = [0.1; 0.9]) and the use of herbal drugs as a prophylaxis (OR = 0.1; 95% CI = [0.01; 0.5]). A higher probability of AMU was associated with farmers perceiving the cumulative mortality of chicks between 1 and 10 days old as normal (OR = 10.1; 95% CI = [1.7; 59]) or high (OR = 58.7; 95% CI = [9.6; 372.3]). A higher probability of AMU also was associated with farmers detecting a health problem (OR = 12.5, 95% CI = [4.2; 36.9]) and phone calls between farmers and their technicians (OR = 5.9; 95% CI = [2.3; 14.8]) when chicks are between 11 to 42 days old. Two additional factors (litter thickness and cleaning/disinfecting) were significant and highlighted the importance of technical factors such as biosecurity. Conclusions: Our results suggest that to reduce AMU, technical training should be provided to farmers to improve how farms are monitored and to reinforce preventive health measures. Training also should address how farmers assess warning criteria like daily mortality rates, which when overestimated often lead to antimicrobial treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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40. Effects of a systematically offered social and preventive medicine consultation on training and health attitudes of young people not in employment, education or training (NEETs): An interventional study in France.
- Author
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Robert, Sarah, Romanello, Lucile, Lesieur, Sophie, Kergoat, Virginie, Dutertre, Joël, Ibanez, Gladys, and Chauvin, Pierre
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PREVENTIVE medicine ,PHYSICIAN-patient relations ,SOCIAL medicine ,YOUNG adults ,HEALTH attitudes ,SOCIAL services ,LABOR market - Abstract
Background: NEETs (young people not in employment, education or training) are at higher risk for poorer mental and physical health. In France, the Missions locales (MLs) are the only social structures dedicated to this population. We sought to determine whether the systematic offer of a social and preventive medicine consultation at a ML might increase NEET participants’ access to training in the 12 months following the intervention. Methods: This intervention research was a parallel randomised controlled interventional study conducted at five MLs in mainland France in 2011–2012. It included 976 NEETs aged 18 to 25 years who attended one of the five MLs. At inclusion, participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to three groups: those in the first group were invited to see a social worker (not studied in this paper), those in the second group were invited to see a doctor and a social worker (intervention group), and the third was a control group. The primary outcome was participation in at least one training session during the year following study inclusion. Results: Among the 976 participants, 504 were randomly assigned to the intervention group and 472 to the control group; 704 (72.1%) were included in the analyses. A significantly higher proportion of the participants in the intervention group participated in a training session in the 12 months following the intervention than of those in the control group (63.3% vs 55.6%; p = 0.04). This difference was significantly greater for women, those less than 21 years of age, those unstably housed and those with a lower level of education. Conclusions: Social and preventive medicine consultations that are fully integrated into the social services for NEETs have an impact on their access to training and contribute to changing some of their health-related behaviours. This may improve their access to the labour market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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41. Mass media and border securitization in Europe: Investigating the metropolitan "Mediapolis" in an era of right-wing populism.
- Author
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Lamour, Christian
- Subjects
SOCIAL media ,MASS media ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,POPULISM ,POPULIST parties (Politics) ,RIGHT-wing populism ,DEBATE ,NEGOTIABLE instruments ,TERRORISM ,PARIS Terrorist Attacks, Paris, France, 2015 ,STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas ,QUALITATIVE chemical analysis - Abstract
Mass migration of non-Europeans into Schengen Europe and the terrorist attacks perpetrated in the name of Islam in various cities in the European Union have led to a series of mediated public debates on the control of the nation-state border over the past few years. Right-wing populist parties have been prominent in structuring these debates. However, can the urban media, and specifically the commercial ones often accused of sensationalism, be considered as tools that promote the securitization and progressive closure of the state border within Schengen Europe? Based on a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the representation of non-European migration and terrorism by a metropolitan commercial paper in borderland France, the current article shows that reporters can be instead instrumental in the definition of a "Mediapolis" that is a debordered, global, and moral space of mediated appearances helping to deal with international crises. The promotion of this Mediapolis is presented as the result of multiple spatial and temporal conditions in a series of interconnected cities contained in the French nation-state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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42. The French Connection at the Council of Europe: 'Éducation Permanente' as a Pan-European Policy Repertoire
- Author
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Hake, Barry J.
- Abstract
This paper examines transnational circulation of political and pedagogical ideas associated with "éducation permanente" with particular reference to post-war Western Europe. It offers a socio-historical reconstruction of pan-European dissemination and reception of policy repertoires articulated by governmental and non-governmental policy actors. It focuses on advocacy regarding permanent education as a pan-European repertoire associated with the Council of Europe during the 1960s and 1970s. The paper explores involvement of French and other francophone nationals in circulatory regimes, who were engaged in mediating partisan reform aspirations, exchange of information, and dissemination of innovative practices at national, transnational, and pan-European levels. The more specific focus of this paper addresses participation of 'rooted cosmopolitans' in policy formation, who are defined as policy actors rooted in specific national contexts, but who engage in regular activities involving their participation in transnational networks. The conclusions call for further research into circulatory regimes at local, sub-national, regional, national, bilateral, transnational, and pan-European during the 1960s and 1970s. Such research should focus on revisiting different expert, reformist, missionary, and militant networks responsible for building peripatetic 'scholar-militant-activist' coalitions that historically contributed to pan-European policy repertoires seeking to mobilise citizens to participate in the unfinished political project of pan-European cultural democracy.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Assessing Verbal Interaction: Towards European Harmonization. Insights from the Co-Operation between Spanish and French Language Exams for Higher Education (CertAcles/CLES)
- Author
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Zabala Delgado, Julia and Rouveyrol, Laurent
- Abstract
Verbal interaction has been the subject of a growing interest among language professionals in Europe since the CEFR was published in 2001; in linguistics, verbal interaction has long been studied. In the Bakhtinian approach, it is even considered "the fundamental reality of language". All types of interaction share the fact that they are dynamically co-constructed by participants. How then can we assess or certify interactional competence on an individual basis when dynamic instability prevails? What criteria can be defined in order to deconstruct interactional competence into specific operational criteria, if interaction is intrinsically multidimensional? These are the questions that we address in this paper. To do so, this paper presents the insights gained as a result of the co-operation between two certification systems: CertAcles (Spain) and CLES (France), both belonging to NULTE ("Network of University Language Testers in Europe"). These certification systems have agreed to collaborate extensively, sharing their constructs and assessment routines. As a result, CertAcles is shifting towards more contextualized tasks and CLES is considering adopting descriptive assessment scales for interaction (C1 level). We hope to demonstrate that the materialization of scientific collaboration of this kind can help improve individual systems.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. The Colonial Legacy of Peace(building): France, Europe, Africa.
- Author
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Charbonneau, Bruno
- Subjects
- *
IMPERIALISM , *PEACEBUILDING - Abstract
What is the colonial legacy of peace(building) and what can it tell us about the practice and discourse of peacebuilding? This paper examines peacebuilding's colonial legacy, the politics of its theorization or non-theorization, and its effects on the prospect for building peace in so-called post-conflict African settings. It inquires into the relevance of colonial legacies and anti-colonial strategies to the contemporary discourse and practice of peacebuilding. The main objective is to problematize this legacy because in the contemporary peacebuilding scholarship the colonial legacy is often rejected a priori as totally irrelevant or it is simply assumed, thus leading to questionable comparisons between colonial violence and current peace operations. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
45. European Law Made Local: a case of the Roma in France and the UK.
- Author
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Squatrito, Theresa
- Subjects
- *
LEGAL status of minorities , *JUSTICE administration , *GOVERNMENT policy , *CIVIL society ,EUROPEAN law - Abstract
European legal institutions have recognized legal protections for minority groups across Europe. These legal protections and other transnational legal norms increasingly define and shape domestic legal systems. Equally important to this dynamic, is the growing number and strength of civil society organizations that utilize international courts and law to bring domestic policy reforms. This process of internalization, by which international law becomes integrated, enforceable and meaningful within the domestic legal order, is increasingly determined by a dynamic interaction between international courts and civil society organizations. While many scholars have focused on the growing legalization of world politics, few have focused on the domestic effects of this process. Further, the role of civil society in the domestic internalization of international law remains virtually ignored. In this paper, I examine the conditions under which international law becomes institutionalized in domestic politics. In particular, if, how and why domestic politics and civil society shape the degree to which international law becomes integrated, enforceable and meaningful within domestic legal and political systems. To carry out this analysis, I explore the linkages between civil society, transnational law and its integration into domestic politics, focusing on anti-discrimination law of the European Union and the Council of Europe. I examine the process of internalization in the context of Roma housing rights in France and the UK. The three conditions that I explore are institutional fit, activism of state actors and civil society. I argue that the degree to which European law becomes internal to domestic law is driven by European-minded social actors who mobilize European legal norms and lead state actors to provide "surveillance" over the application of European law. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
46. Sport, Islam, and Muslims in Europe: in between or on the Margin?
- Author
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Amara, Mahfoud
- Subjects
MUSLIM athletes ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,RELIGIOUS identity - Abstract
The aim of this paper is to reveal how misconceptions--or using the concept of Arkoun, "the crisis of meanings"--about the role and position of Islam in Europe is impacting on the discourse on sport, Islam, and immigration. France is selected as a case study for this paper as it is in this country where the debate on religion in general and Islam in particular seem to be more contentious in relation to the questions of integration of Muslim communities to secular (French republican) values. Recent sources of tensions include the ban of the Burqa in the public space; the debate on national identity instigated by the former French president Nicholas Sarkozy, which became centred around the question of Islam and Muslims in France; the provocative cartoons about Prophet Mohamed in the satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo; opposition against the provision of halal meal in France's fast-food chain Quick; and resistance toward Qatar's plan to invest in deprived suburbs of France, to name just a few. The other context which this paper examines in relation to the question of sport, Islam, and identity-making of Muslims in Europe is the phenomenon of "reverse migration" or the re-connection of athletes of Muslim background in Europe, or so-called Muslim neo-Europeans, with their (parents') country of origin. The paper argues that sport is another highly politicised space to judge the level of "integration" of Muslim athletes in European societies, and the degree of "religiosity" in their (parents') country of origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Contributions from Particles in Europe (PiE) 2010, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France: an introduction.
- Author
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Mikkelsen, Ole, Chami, Malik, and Doxaran, David
- Subjects
PARTICULATE matter ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,SEDIMENT transport ,CARBON cycle ,OPTICAL properties of water - Abstract
This special issue of Geo-Marine Letters presents selected contributions from the international conference Particles in Europe (PiE) 2010 organized by Sequoia Scientific, Inc., and the Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV) on 15-17 November 2010 in Villefranche-sur-Mer, France, and guest-edited by Ole Mikkelsen, Malik Chami and David Doxaran. PiE was initiated in 2008, in order to promote and further our understanding of the importance of suspended particulate matter (SPM) for a very wide range of processes in the aquatic environment-from optics and acoustics, over sediment transport, to the global carbon balance. The papers in this special issue are in particular concerned with the interaction between SPM and water optical properties, as well as how to use optical proxy measurements to understand SPM processes. The next PiE conference is scheduled for 17-19 October 2012 in Barcelona, Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Framing post-pandemic preparedness: Comparing eight European plans.
- Author
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Holmberg, Martin and Lundgren, Britta
- Subjects
EMERGENCY management ,HEALTH policy ,EPIDEMICS ,RESEARCH funding ,RISK management in business ,EVALUATION research - Abstract
Framing has previously been studied in the field of pandemic preparedness and global health governance and influenza pandemics have usually been framed in terms of security and evidence-based medicine on a global scale. This paper is based on the pandemic preparedness plans, published after 2009, from eight European countries. We study how pandemic preparedness is framed and how pandemic influenza in general is narrated in the plans. All plans contain references to ‘uncertainty’, ‘pandemic phases’, ‘risk management’, ‘vulnerability’ and ‘surveillance’. These themes were all framed differently in the studied plans. The preparedness plans in the member states diverge in ways that will challenge the ambition of the European Union to make the pandemic preparedness plans interoperable and to co-ordinate the member states during future pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. French and English crypto-nationalism and European private law.
- Author
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Sefton-Green, Ruth
- Subjects
CIVIL law ,NATIONALISM ,EUROSCEPTICISM ,ACADEMIC discourse - Abstract
Copyright of European Review of Contract Law is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. FIGHTING HATE SPEECH THROUGH EU LAW.
- Author
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Belavusau, Uladzislau
- Subjects
EUROPEAN Union law ,CRITICAL race theory ,CIVIL rights ,JUDGMENT (Psychology) ,HATE speech - Abstract
This article explores the rise of the European 'First Amendment' beyond national and Strasbourg law, offering a fresh look into the previously under-theorised issue of hate speech in EU law. Building its argument on (1) the scrutiny of fundamental rights protection, (2) the distinction between commercial and non-commercial speech, and, finally, (3) the looking glass of critical race theory, the paper demonstrates how the judgment of the ECJ in the Feryn case implicitly consolidated legal narratives on hate speech in Europe. In this way, the paper reconstructs the dominant European theory of freedom of expression via rhetorical and victim-centered constitutional analysis, bearing important ethical implications for European integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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